View source for CER-203

{{Short description|Early computer designed for business and accounting}}
{{No footnotes|date=April 2023}}
[[Image:CER-203.jpg|right|thumb|150px|CER-203: CPU testing]]
[[Image:CER-203 block diagram.png|right|thumb|150px|Block diagram]]

[[CER Computers|CER]] ({{langx|sr|Цифарски Електронски Рачунар}} – ''Digital Electronic Computer'') model 203 is an early digital [[computer]] developed by [[Mihajlo Pupin Institute]] ([[Serbia]]) in 1971. It was designed to process data of medium-sized businesses:
* '''In banks''', for managing and processing of accounts, bookkeeping, foreign-currency and interest calculations, amortization plans and statistics
* '''In manufacturing''', for [[production planning]] and management, market data processing and forecasting, inventory management, financial document management and process modelling
* '''In utilities''', to calculate water and electricity consumption, to produce various reports and lists and for technical calculations and design
* '''In construction industry''' for network planning method design, financial management and bookkeeping
* '''In trading companies''' for payment processing, market analysis, inventory management and customer and partner relationship management

==Specifications==
'''Central Processing''':
* Type: [[BMS-203]]
* Number of instructions: 32
* Performance:
** one 16-cycle instruction: 20&nbsp;[[1 E-6 s|μs]]
** one single cycle instruction: 5&nbsp;[[1 E-6 s|μs]]
** addition and/or subtraction of two 15-digit numbers: 20&nbsp;[[1 E-6 s|μs]]

'''Primary memory''':
* Capacity: 8 [[kiloword]]s
* Speed (cycle time): 1&nbsp;[[1 E-6 s|μs]]
* Complete, autonomous memory error checking
* Parity control

'''[[Punched tape]] reader''':
* [[Dielectric]]-based reading
* Speed: 500 to 1,000 characters per [[second]]
* Accepts 5, 7 and 8-channel tapes

'''Tape puncher''':
* Speed: 75 characters per [[second]]

'''Parallel [[Line Printer]] 667''':
* "On the fly" printing
* 128 characters per line
* Removable/replaceable printing cylinder
* Speed:
** 500 lines per [[minute]] for a character set of 63 characters
** 550 lines per [[minute]] for a character set of 50 characters
* Automatic paper feeder
* Two line spacing settings
* Programamtic tape for discontinuous paper movement
* Maximum number of [[carbon copy|carbon copies]]: 6

'''Independent Printer M 30''':
* 132 characters per line
* Speed:
** Prints 25 alphanumeric characters per [[second]]
** Prints 33 numeric characters per [[second]]
** Tabulation speed: 144 characters per [[second]]
** Blank printing speed: 100 characters per [[second]]
* Maximum number of [[carbon copy|carbon copies]]: 6

'''Magnetic cassettes 4096''':
* Capacity: 600,000 characters
* Variable record length
* Transfer rate: 857 characters per [[second]]
* Tape speed: 10&nbsp;inches per [[second]]

'''Magnetic Tape Drives''':
* Data format: 9-track [[ASCII]] with inter-record space of {{convert|0.6|in|cm|2}}
* Data density: 556/800 [[bit]]s per inch
* Capacity per tape: {{circa}} 10,000,000 characters
* Tape speed: 24&nbsp;inches/[[second|s]], 150&nbsp;inches/[[second|s]] fast-forward and rewind
* Transfer rate: 19.2 [[kHz]]
* Tape width: {{convert|1/2|in|cm|2}}
* Tape length: {{convert|2400|ft|m|abbr=on|2}}
* Working ambient temperature range: 5&nbsp;°C to 40&nbsp;°C
* Relative humidity: up to 80%
* [[Integrated circuit]] control logic
* Separate control panel for each drive
* Read/Write Capabilities:
** Read and Write forward
** Read forward
** Read reverse

==See also==
* [[CER Computers]]
* [[Mihajlo Pupin Institute]]
* [[History of computer hardware in the SFRY]]

==References==
* M.Momcilovic, D.Hristovic, P.Vrbavac ''et al.'':"Domaci cifarski el.racunari CER", Zbornik Savetovanja AOP u preduzecima, pp.&nbsp;38–58, Nova Varos YU, May 22, 1969. (in Serbian);
* Miodrag Momcilovic, Miladin Dabic:"Domaci el. sistem za obradu podataka CER 203", Proc.of the VI yougoslav Symposium on AOP, Zagreb, 1972. (in Serbian).

{{Serbian computers}}

[[Category:Mihajlo Pupin Institute]]
[[Category:CER computers]]