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{{Infobox political party
| name             = Spanish Circle of Friends of Europe
| native_name      = Círculo Español de Amigos de Europa
| abbreviation     = CEDADE
| logo             = 
| colorcode        = black    <!-- HTML color code (e.g. "red", "#FF0000" or Party metadata color template) otherwise "transparent" -->
| leader           = Ángel Ricote<ref name=jlrodriguezjimenez /><br />Pedro Aparicio<ref name=jlrodriguezjimenez>{{Cite web|work=Analysis of Current Trends in Antisemitism|year=1999|author-link=José Luis Rodríguez Jiménez|first=José L.|last=Rodríguez Jiménez|url=http://sicsa.huji.ac.il/15spain.html|title=Antisemitism and the Extreme Right in Spain (1962–1997)|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130926151250/http://sicsa.huji.ac.il/15spain.html |archive-date=2013-09-26|publisher=[[Vidal Sassoon International Center for the Study of Antisemitism|SICSA]]}}</ref><br>[[Pedro Varela Geiss]]<ref>[[Xavier Casals|Casals, Xavier]] (2009). «La renovación de la ultraderecha española: una historia generacional (1966-2008)» (pdf). Historia y política: Ideas, procesos y movimientos sociales (22): 233-258. ISSN 1575-0361.</ref>
| president        = 
| chairman         = 
| general_secretary = 
| first_secretary  = 
| secretary_general = 
| foundation       = 1966
| dissolution      = 1993
| flag             = Flag of the Spanish Circle of Friends of Europe.svg
| presidium        = 
| secretary        = 
| spokesperson     = 
| ideology         = [[Neo-Nazism]]
| headquarters     = [[Barcelona]]
| international    = 
| website          = 
| state            = Spain
}}
The '''Spanish Circle of Friends of Europe''' ({{langx|es|Círculo Español de Amigos de Europa}}; '''CEDADE''') was a Spanish [[neo-Nazi]] group that concerned itself with co-ordinating international activity and publishing.

==History==
The group began life in 1966, under [[Francoist Spain|Franco's rule]], ostensibly as a society for the appreciation of [[Richard Wagner]] but before long it had taken on a neo-Nazi dimension, influenced by the likes of [[Otto Skorzeny]], who was a founding member.<ref name="Lee">[[Martin A. Lee]], ''[[The Beast Reawakens]]'', Warner Books, 1997, p. 186</ref> Counting [[Léon Degrelle]] among its leading members, the Circle became a study group and publishing house for materials relating to [[Nazism]] and [[Holocaust denial]], with a remit towards closer co-operation across [[Europe]].<ref name="Lee"/> Initially led by Ángel Ricote, the group looked towards [[Italian fascism]] for inspiration, but under Pedro Aparicio it moved towards a Nazi position.<ref name="Anti">José L. Rodríguez Jiménez, [http://sicsa.huji.ac.il/15spain.html Antisemitism and the Extreme Right in Spain (1962–1997)] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130926151250/http://sicsa.huji.ac.il/15spain.html |date=2013-09-26 }}</ref>

CEDADE, whose headquarters were located in [[Barcelona]],<ref>[[Xavier Casals i Meseguer]] (2009). [http://www.cepc.gob.es/publicaciones/revistas/revistaselectronicas?IDR=9&IDN=682&IDA=27595 "La renovación de la ultraderecha española: una historia generacional (1966-2008)]" ''Historia y política: Ideas, procesos y movimientos sociales'', (22),  p. 237. ISSN 1575-0361</ref> established a branch in [[Madrid]] in 1973. The group had 2,500 Spanish members by 1985, with smaller groups also active elsewhere.<ref>S. Ellwood, 'The Extreme Right in Spain: a Dying Species?', L. Cheles, R. Ferguson & M. Vaughan (eds.), ''The Far Right in Western & Eastern Europe'', London: Longman, 1995, pp. 99-100</ref> Among those associated with the group was Klaus Georg Barbie, the son of [[Klaus Barbie]], who was revealed by ''[[El País]]'' to have worked closely with CEDADE whilst living in Barcelona between 1965 and 1978.<ref>Geoffrey Harris, ''The Dark Side of Europe - The Extreme Right Today'', Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 1994, p. 130</ref> Internationally CEDADE also maintained close links to the likes of [[Mark Fredriksen]],<ref name="Lee, p. 202">Lee, ''The Beast Reawakens'', p. 202</ref> [[Bela Ewald Althans]],<ref name="Lee, p. 202"/> [[Povl Riis-Knudsen]], [[Salvador Borrego]], [[Wilfred von Oven]], [[Pekka Siitoin]]<ref>Ciarán Ó Maoláin. The radical right: a world directory. Longman, 1987. p. 88.</ref> and [[Richard Edmonds]].<ref name="Anti"/> Secretary Jordi Mota also established links between CEDADE and [[Klaus Barbie]], with whom Mota was on friendly terms.<ref>Magnus Linklater, Isabel Hilton & Neal Ascherson, ''The Fourth Reich: Klaus Barbie and the Neo-Fascist Connection'', Hodder & Stoughton, 1984, p. 227</ref>

Taking a European outlook, it set up groups in [[France]], as well as in [[Latin America]] and registered as a [[political party]] in 1979 under the name of ''Partido Europeo Nacional Revolucionario'' (European National Revolutionary Party), although this initiative was not pursued.<ref name="Anti"/> As a publishing house, however, CEDADE continued to grow and was soon publishing for a number of movements in [[Austria]] and [[Germany]]. Using the name ''Ediciones Wotan'' for this initiative, it published works by the likes of Degrelle and [[Francis Parker Yockey]] and collaborated closely with the [[Liberty Lobby]] in the [[United States]].<ref name="Lee"/>

Financial difficulties forced a major scaling down in activities around 1989-90 however, although the group did host an international centenary celebration of [[Adolf Hitler|Hitler's]] birthday in 1989.<ref name="Anti"/> The problems inherent in the movement did not go away however and they were officially dissolved in October 1993.<ref name="Anti"/> Members drifted away into various movements, with only Project IES representing a serious attempt at refoundation. This group was ultimately merged into a far right party, [[National Democracy (Spain)|National Democracy]].<ref name="Anti"/>

==See also==
* [[Los TECOS]]
==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Neo-Nazism}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Neo-Nazi organizations]]
[[Category:Neo-Nazism in Spain]]
[[Category:Organisations based in Barcelona]]
[[Category:Far-right politics in Catalonia]]