View source for Buyeo

{{Short description|c. 2nd century BCE to 494 CE kingdom in north-east China}}
{{Other uses}}
{{Infobox country
| native_name            = {{native phrase|ko|夫餘}} ([[Hanja]])<br>{{lang|ko|부여}} ([[Hangul]]) <hr> {{native phrase|zh|夫餘/扶餘}}
| conventional_long_name = Buyeo
| common_name            = Buyeo
| era                    = Ancient
| status                 = 
| status_text            = 
| empire                 = 
| government_type        = [[Monarchy]]
| year_start             = c. 2nd century BC
| year_end               = 494 AD
| event_start            = 
| date_start             = 
| event_end              = 
| date_end               = 
| event1                 = 
| date_event1            = 
| event2                 = 
| date_event2            = 
| event3                 = 
| date_event3            = 
| event4                 = 
| date_event4            = 
| event_post             = 
| date_post              = 
| p1                     = 
| s1                     = Eastern Buyeo
| s2                     = Goguryeo
| s3                     = Baekje
| image_map              = Buyeo.svg
| image_map_caption      = Map of Buyeo (3rd century)
| capital                = [[Nong'an|Buyeo]]
| common_languages       = [[Buyeo language|Buyeo]],<br/>[[Classical Chinese]] <small>(literary)</small>
| religion               = [[Korean Buddhism|Buddhism]],<br/>[[Korean Shamanism|Shamanism]]
| currency               = 
| leader1                = [[Hae Mo-su of Buyeo|Hae Mo-su]]?
| leader2                = [[Buru of Buyeo|Buru]]
| leader3                = [[Jan of Buyeo|Jan]] (孱) (last)
| year_leader1           = ?–?
| year_leader2           = 86 – 48 BC
| year_leader3           = ? – 494 AD
| title_leader           = [[List of monarchs of Korea|King]]
| today                  = [[China]]
| module = {{Infobox Chinese
|child=yes
| t = {{linktext|夫|餘}}
| s = {{linktext|夫|余}}
| p = Fūyú
| hangul = 부여
| hanja = 夫餘
| rr = Buyeo
| mr = Puyŏ
| ibox-order = zh, ko1
}}
}}

{{History of Manchuria}}
{{History of Korea}}

'''Buyeo'''<ref name=Escher>{{Cite journal |last=Escher |first=Julia |year=2021 |title=Müller Shing / Thomas O. Höllmann / Sonja Filip: Early Medieval North China: Archaeological and Textual Evidence |url=https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.1515/asia-2021-0004/html |journal=Asiatische Studien - Études Asiatiques |language=en |volume=74 |issue=3 |pages=743–752 |doi=10.1515/asia-2021-0004|s2cid=233235889 |url-access=subscription }}</ref> ({{Korean|hangul=부여}}; {{IPA|ko|pu.jʌ}}; {{zh|t=夫餘/扶餘|p=Fūyú/Fúyú}}), also rendered as '''Puyŏ'''{{sfn|Byington|2016}}<ref name="Pak">{{Cite journal |last=Pak |first=Yangjin |year=1999 |title=Contested ethnicities and ancient homelands in northeast Chinese archaeology: the case of Koguryo and Puyo archaeology |url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/S0003598X00065182/type/journal_article |journal=Antiquity |language=en |volume=73 |issue=281 |pages=613–618 |doi=10.1017/S0003598X00065182 |s2cid=161205510|url-access=subscription }}</ref> or '''Fuyu''',<ref name=Escher/><ref name=Pak/><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Smallwood |first=Colonel |year=1931 |title=Manchuria and Mongolia: Glimpses at both |url=http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/03068373208725190 |journal=Journal of the Royal Central Asian Society |language=en |volume=19 |issue=1 |pages=101–120 |doi=10.1080/03068373208725190|url-access=subscription }}</ref><ref>{{cite book |title=Japanese Culture Its Development and Characteristics |editor-last1=Beardsley |editor-first1=Richard K. |editor-last2=Smith |editor-first2=Robert J.
|year=1962 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=9780415869270 |pages=12–16}}</ref> was an ancient kingdom that was centered in northern [[Manchuria]] in modern-day [[northeast China]]. It had ties to the [[Yemaek|Yemaek people]], who are considered to be the ancestors of modern Koreans.{{sfn|Byington|2016|pp=20—30}}<ref>{{Cite book|last=Barnes|first=Gina|title=State Formation in Korea: Emerging Elites|publisher=Routledge|year=2015|isbn=9781138862449|location=UK|pages=26–33|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last=Jo|first=Yeongkwang|date=2015|title=The Origin and Meaning of the Naming of Yemaek, Buyeo, Goguryo|url=https://www.kci.go.kr/kciportal/ci/sereArticleSearch/ciSereArtiView.kci?sereArticleSearchBean.artiId=ART002005970|journal=Ancient Korean History Society|volume=44|pages=101–122}}</ref> Buyeo is considered a major predecessor of the Korean kingdoms of [[Goguryeo]] and [[Baekje]].

According to the ''[[Book of the Later Han]]'', Buyeo was initially placed under the jurisdiction of the [[Xuantu Commandery]],<ref>"夫餘本屬玄菟", Dongyi, Fuyu chapter of the Book of the Later Han</ref> one of [[Four Commanderies of Han]] in the later [[Han dynasty#Western Han (202 BC – 9 AD)|Western Han]]. Buyeo entered into formal diplomatic relations with the [[Han dynasty#Eastern Han (25–220 AD)|Eastern Han dynasty]] by the mid-1st century AD as an important ally of that empire to check the [[Xianbei state|Xianbei]] and [[Goguryeo]] threats. Jurisdiction of Buyeo was then placed under the [[Liaodong Commandery]] of the Eastern Han.<ref>"獻帝時, 其王求屬遼東云", Dongyi, Fuyu chapter of the Book of the Later Han</ref> After an incapacitating Xianbei invasion in 285, Buyeo was restored with help from the [[Jin dynasty (266–420)|Jin dynasty]]. This, however, marked the beginning of a period of decline. A second Xianbei invasion in 346 finally destroyed the state excepting remnants in its core region; these survived as vassals of Goguryeo until their final annexation in 494.<ref>La Universidad de Seúl, 《Seoul Journal of Korean Studies,》, Vol.17, 2004.  p.16</ref>

Inhabitants of Buyeo included the [[Yemaek]] tribe.<ref>{{Cite encyclopedia|script-title=ko:부여(夫餘) |trans-title=Buyeo |author=노태돈 |url=http://encykorea.aks.ac.kr/Contents/Item/E0024368|access-date=2021-09-16|lang=ko|encyclopedia=[[Encyclopedia of Korean Culture]]|year=1995}}</ref><ref>{{Cite encyclopedia|script-title=ko:예맥(濊貊) |trans-title=Yemaek |author=노태돈 |author2= 김선주 |url=http://encykorea.aks.ac.kr/Contents/Item/E0037909|access-date=2021-09-16|lang=ko|encyclopedia=[[Encyclopedia of Korean Culture]] |orig-year=1995 |year=2009}}</ref> There are no scholarly consensus on the classification of the languages spoken by the Puyo, with theories including [[Japonic languages|Japonic]],<ref>{{cite book |last1=Beckwith |first1=C.I. |title=Koguryo: The Language of Japan's Continental Relatives |date=2007 |publisher=Brill |pages=29–49 |chapter=The ethnolinguistic history of Koguryo}}</ref> [[Amuric languages|Amuric]]<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Janhunen |first1=Juha |title=The lost languages of Koguryo |journal=Journal of Inner and East Asian Studies |date=2005 |volume=2 |issue=2 |url=https://altaica.ru/LIBRARY/KOREAN/Janhunen_The%20Lost%20Languages%20of%20Koguryo%202005.pdf}}</ref> and a separate branch of [[macro-Tungusic]].<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Unger |first1=J Marshall |title=Layers of Words and Volcanic Ash in Japan and Korea |journal=The Journal of Japanese Studies |date=2001 |volume=27 |issue=1 |pages=81–111 |doi=10.2307/3591937 |jstor=3591937 |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/3591937|url-access=subscription }}</ref> According to the ''[[Records of the Three Kingdoms]]'', the [[Buyeo language]] was similar to those of [[Goguryeo]] and [[Eastern Ye|Ye]], and the language of [[Okjeo]] was only slightly different from them.{{sfn|Lee|Ramsey|2011|p=34}} Both Goguryeo and [[Baekje]], two of the [[Three Kingdoms of Korea]], considered themselves Buyeo's successors.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Lee|first=Hee Seong|date=2020|title=Renaming of the State of King Seong in Baekjae and His Political Intention|url=https://www.kci.go.kr/kciportal/ci/sereArticleSearch/ciSereArtiView.kci?sereArticleSearchBean.artiId=ART002585418|journal=한국고대사탐구학회|volume=34|pages=413–466}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last=Park|first=Gi-bum|date=2011|title=The Lineage and Establishment of the Foundation Myths of Buyeo and Koguryo : An Analysis of "Kogi" Cited in "Northern Buyeo Articles" in Samguk yusa|url=https://www.kci.go.kr/kciportal/ci/sereArticleSearch/ciSereArtiView.kci?sereArticleSearchBean.artiId=ART001618766|journal=동북아역사재단|volume=34|pages=205–244}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last=Jo|first=Yeong-gwang|date=2017|title=About the origin of the Buyeo clan of Baekje monarchy|journal=Korea Ancient History Society|volume=53|pages=169–194}}</ref>

==Mythical origins==
[[Image:History of Korea-001.png|thumb|200px|Proto–Three Kingdoms, c. 1 AD.]]

The mythical founder of the Buyeo kingdom was [[Hae Mo-su of Buyeo|Hae Mo-su]], the Dongmyeong of Buyeo which literally means ''Holy King of Buyeo.'' After its foundation, the son of heaven (Hae Mo-su {{Korean|해모수|解慕漱}}) brought the royal court to his new palace, and he was proclaimed to be King.{{citation needed|date=January 2022}}

[[Jumong]], the founder of [[Goguryeo]], is described as the son of Hae Mo-su and [[Lady Yuhwa]] ({{Korean|유화부인|柳花夫人}}) who was the daughter of [[Habaek]] ({{Korean|하백|河伯}}), the god of the [[Yalu River|Amnok River]] or, according to an alternative interpretation, the sun god Haebak ({{Korean|해밝}}).<ref>{{Cite book|script-title=ko:유화부인 柳花夫人 |publisher=[[Doosan Encyclopedia]]|url= http://terms.naver.com/entry.nhn?docId=1185444&mobile&cid=40942&categoryId=33375}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|title=Doosan Encyclopedia 하백 河伯|publisher=[[Doosan Encyclopedia]]|url= http://terms.naver.com/entry.nhn?docId=1160526&cid=40942&categoryId=31541&mobile}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|script-title=ko:하백 河伯|publisher= [[Encyclopedia of Korean Culture]]|url= http://terms.naver.com/entry.nhn?docId=531903&cid=46620&categoryId=46620&mobile}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last1=조현설|script-title=ko:유화부인|url= http://folkency.nfm.go.kr/kr/topic/%EC%9C%A0%ED%99%94%EB%B6%80%EC%9D%B8/5387|website=[[Encyclopedia of Korean Folk Culture]]|publisher=[[National Folk Museum of Korea]]|access-date=30 April 2018}}</ref>{{Excessive citations inline|date=January 2022}}

==History==
===Archaeological predecessors===
The Buyeo state emerged from the Bronze Age polities of the [[Xituanshan]] and Liangquan archaeological cultures in the context of trade with various Chinese polities.{{sfn|Byington|2016|pages=62, 101}} In particular was the state of [[Yan (state)|Yan]] which introduced iron technology to Manchuria and the Korean peninsula after its conquest of Liaodong in the early third century BC.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Kim|first=Sangmin|date=2018|title=Expansion of Iron Culture in Northeast Asia and Gojoseon|url=https://www.kci.go.kr/kciportal/ci/sereArticleSearch/ciSereArtiView.kci?sereArticleSearchBean.artiId=ART002357878|journal=Hanguk Kogo-Hakbo |volume=107|pages=46–71}}</ref>{{page range too broad|date=January 2022}}

===Relations with Chinese dynasties===

In the later [[Han dynasty#Western Han|Western Han]] (202 BC – 9 AD), Buyeo established close ties with the [[Xuantu Commandery]], one of [[Four Commanderies of Han]] according to the [[Book of the Later Han]] volume 85 Treatise on the Dongyi,<ref name="ReferenceA">Book of the Later Han Volume 85 Treatise on the Dongyi</ref> although it proceeded to becoming a nominal tributary-state and practical ally of Eastern Han in 49 AD.{{sfn|Byington|2016|p=146}} This was advantageous to the Han as an ally in the northeast would curb the threats of the Xianbei in western Manchuria and eastern Mongolia and Goguryeo in the Liaodong region and the northern Korean peninsula. The Buyeo elites also sought this arrangement as it legitimized their rule and gave them better access to Han's prestige trade goods.{{sfn|Byington|2016|p=12}}

During a period of turmoil in China's northeast, Buyeo attacked some of Eastern Han's holdings in 111, but relations were mended in 120 and thus a military alliance was arranged. Two years later, Buyeo sent troops to the [[Xuantu Commandery|Xuantu commandery]] to prevent it from being destroyed by Goguryeo when it sent reinforcement to break the siege of the commandery seat.{{sfn|Byington|2016|pages=148–149}} In AD 167, Buyeo attacked the Xuantu commandery but was defeated.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Fan|first=Ye|date=167|title=Book of the Later Han, Year 167 AD|url=http://db.history.go.kr/item/compareViewer.do?levelId=jo_003r_0010_0020_0060|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220122151316/http://db.history.go.kr/item/compareViewer.do?levelId=jo_003r_0010_0020_0060 |archive-date=2022-01-22 }}</ref> When [[Emperor Xian of Han|Emperor Xian]] (AD 189 – AD 220) ruled [[Han dynasty#Eastern Han|Eastern Han]], Buyeo was reclassified as a tributary of the [[Liaodong Commandery]] of Han.<ref name="ReferenceA" />

In the early 3rd century, [[Gongsun Du]], a Chinese warlord in [[Liaodong Peninsula|Liaodong]], supported Buyeo to counter [[Xianbei]] in the north and Goguryeo in the east. After [[Sima Yi's Liaodong campaign|destroying the Gongsun family]], the northern Chinese state of [[Cao Wei]] sent [[Guanqiu Jian]] to [[Goguryeo–Wei War|attack Goguryeo]]. Part of the expeditionary force led by Wang Qi ({{Korean|왕기|王頎}}), the Grand Administrator of the [[Xuantu Commandery]], pursued the Guguryeo court eastward through Okjeo and into the lands of the Yilou. On their return journey they were welcomed as they passed through the land of Buyeo. It brought detailed information of the kingdom to China.<ref>Ikeuchi, Hiroshi. "The Chinese Expeditions to Manchuria under the Wei dynasty," ''Memoirs of the Research Department of the Toyo Bunko'' 4 (1929): 71-119. p. 109</ref>

In 285 the [[Murong]] tribe of the [[Xianbei]], led by [[Murong Hui]], invaded Buyeo,<ref>[[Patricia Buckley Ebrey|Patricia Ebrey]], Anne Walthall, 《East Asia: A Cultural, Social, and Political History》, Cengage Learning, 2013, pp.101-102</ref> pushing King Uiryeo (依慮) to suicide, and forcing the relocation of the court to [[Okjeo]].<ref>Hyŏn-hŭi Yi, Sŏng-su Pak, Nae-hyŏn Yun, 《New history of Korea:Korean studies series》, vol.30, Jimoondang, 2005. p.116</ref> Considering its friendly relationship with the [[Jin dynasty (266–420)|Jin Dynasty]], Emperor [[Emperor Wu of Jin|Wu]] helped King [[List of monarchs of Korea#Later Northern Buyeo|Uira]] (依羅) revive Buyeo.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Fan|first=Xuanling|date=648|title=Book of Jin (晉書), Chapter 8|url=http://db.history.go.kr/item/compareViewer.do?levelId=sg_017_0050_0040|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220122151316/http://db.history.go.kr/item/compareViewer.do?levelId=sg_017_0050_0040 |archive-date=2022-01-22 }}</ref> According to accounts in the ''[[Zizhi Tongjian]]'' and the ''[[Book of Jin]]'', the Murong attacked the Buyeo and forced the Buyeo to relocate several times in the 4th century.<ref name=Escher/>

Goguryeo's attack sometime before 347 caused further decline. Having lost its stronghold on the [[Ashi River]] (within modern [[Harbin]]), Buyeo moved southwestward to [[Nong'an County|Nong'an]]. Around 347, Buyeo was attacked by [[Murong Huang]] of the [[Former Yan]], and King [[Hyeon of Buyeo|Hyeon]] (玄) was captured.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Sima |first=Guang |title=Zizhi-Tongjian |year=1084 |volume=97 |language=zh-hant}}</ref>{{page needed|date=January 2022}}<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Lee|first=Jeong-bin|date=2017|title=Hostages of Buyeo and Goguryeo in the Former Yan of Murong Xianbei|journal=Northeast Asian History Foundation|volume=57|pages=76–114}}</ref>{{page range too broad|date=January 2022}} Originally, the Murong Xianbei created the Yan states, with five states emerging during the Sixteen Kingdoms period, and thus were able to do so. 

===Fall===
According to ''[[Samguk sagi]]'', in 504, the tribute emissary Yesilbu mentions that the gold of Buyeo could no longer be obtainable for tribute as Buyeo had been driven out by the [[Mohe people|Malgal]] and the Somna and absorbed into [[Baekje]]. It is also shown that the [[Emperor Xuanwu of Northern Wei]] wished that Buyeo would regain its former glory.{{citation needed|date=January 2022}}

A remnant of Buyeo seems to have lingered around modern [[Harbin]] area under the influence of Goguryeo. Buyeo paid tribute once to [[Northern Wei]] in 457–8,<ref>Northeast Asian History Foundation, 《Journal of Northeast Asian History》, Vol.4-1-2, 2007.  p.100</ref> but otherwise seems to have been controlled by Goguryeo. In 494, Buyeo was under attack by the rising Wuji (also known as the [[Mohe people|Mohe]], {{Korean|물길|勿吉}}), and the Buyeo court moved and surrendered to Goguryeo.<ref>La Universidad de Seúl, 《Seoul Journal of Korean Studies,》, Vol.17, 2004.  p.16</ref>

===Jolbon Buyeo===
Many ancient historical records indicate the "Jolbon Buyeo" ({{Korean|졸본부여|卒本夫餘}}), apparently referring to the incipient [[Goguryeo]] or its capital city.<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal|last=Lim|first=Ki-hwan|date=2019|title=Research on formation of Sonobu(消奴部) and Gyerubu(桂婁部) in the Jolbon(卒本), the early Koguryo Dynasty|journal=Korean Historical Studies|volume=136|pages=5–46}}</ref>{{page range too broad|date=January 2022}} In 37 BC, [[Jumong]] became the first king of [[Goguryeo]]. Jumong went on to conquer [[Okjeo]], [[Eastern Ye|Dongye]], and Haengin, regaining some of Buyeo and  former territory of Gojoseon.<ref name=":0"/>{{page range too broad|date=January 2022}}

==Culture==
According to Chapter 30 "Description of the Eastern Archerians, Dongyi" in the Chinese ''[[Records of the Three Kingdoms]]'' (3rd century), the Buyeo were agricultural people who occupied the northeastern lands in Manchuria (North-East China) beyond the [[Great Wall of China|great walls]]. The aristocratic rulers subject to the king bore the title ''ka'' (加) and were distinguished from each other by animal names, such as the dog ''ka'' and horse ''ka''.{{sfn|Byington|2016|p=12}}Four ''ka''s existed in Buyeo, which were horse ''ka'', cow ''ka'', pig ''ka'', and dog ''ka'', and ''ka'' is presumed to be of similar origin with the title ''[[Khan (title)|khan]]''. The ''ka'' system was similarly adopted in [[Goguryeo]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://encykorea.aks.ac.kr/Contents/CategoryNavi?category=field&keyword=%EC%97%AD%EC%82%AC/%EA%B3%A0%EB%8C%80%EC%82%AC&ridx=1&tot=3644|script-title=ko:가|website=[[Encyclopedia of Korean Culture]]}}</ref>

{{blockquote|Buyeo is north of the Long Wall, a thousand [[li (unit)|li]] distant from Xuantu; it is contiguous with Goguryeo on the south, with the [[Yilou|Eumnu]] on the east and the Xianbei on the west, while to its north is the Ruo River. It covers an area some two thousand li square, and its households number eight myriads. Its people are sedentary, possessing houses, storehouses, and prisons. With their many tumuli and broad marshes, theirs is the most level and open of the Eastern Dongyi archerian territories. Their land is suitable for cultivation of the five grains; they do not produce the five fruits. Their people are coarsely big; by temperament strong and brave, assiduous and generous, they are not prone to brigandage... For their dress within their state they favor white; they have large sleeves, gowns, and trousers, and on their feet they wear leather sandals... The people of their state are good at raising domestic animals; they also produce famous horses, red jade, sables, and beautiful pearls... For weapons they have bows, arrows, knives, and shields; each household has its own armorer. The elders of the state speak of themselves as alien refugees of long ago. The forts they build are round and have a resemblance to prisons. Old and young, they sing when walking along the road whether it be day or night; all day long the sound of their voice never ceases... When facing the enemy the several Ka themselves do battle; the lower households carry provisions for them to eat and drink.{{sfn|Lee|1993|pp=15–16}}|''[[Records of the Three Kingdoms]]'', 30}}

The same text states that the [[Buyeo language]] was similar to those of its southern neighbours [[Goguryeo]] and [[Eastern Ye|Ye]], and that the language of [[Okjeo]] was only slightly different from them.{{sfn|Lee|Ramsey|2011|p=34}}
Based on this account, [[Ki-Moon Lee]] grouped the four languages as the [[Puyŏ languages]], contemporaneous with the [[Han languages]] of the [[Samhan]] confederacies in southern Korea.{{sfn|Lee|Ramsey|2011|pp=34–36}} 

The earliest mentions of the Korean practice of wearing [[White clothing in Korea|Minbok]]<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |last=이 |first=주상 |date=2023-06-11 |title='백의민족' 옷 색깔은?…"흰색 아닌 소색입니다" |url=https://news.sbs.co.kr/news/endPage.do?news_id=N1007224548 |access-date=2023-10-23 |website=SBS News |language=ko}}</ref> are also from this source.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":2" /> The text reads:<ref>{{Cite web |last=김 |first=종성 |date=2011-03-11 |title=한민족은 '백의민족'? 원조는 따로 있습니다 |url=https://www.ohmynews.com/nws_web/view/at_pg.aspx?CNTN_CD=A0001534806 |access-date=2023-10-23 |website=[[OhmyNews]] |language=ko}}</ref>

{{Quote|text=In Buyeo, white clothing is revered, so they wear wide-sleeved [[Dopo (clothing)|''dopo'']] and [[Baji (clothing)|''baji'']] made from white linens, as well as leather shoes.}}

==Law==
Buyeo had a law that makes the thief reimburse the price that is equivalent to twelve times of the original amount the person stole, and had an eye to eye approach in terms of law.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://encykorea.aks.ac.kr/Contents/CategoryNavi?category=field&keyword=%EC%97%AD%EC%82%AC/%EA%B3%A0%EB%8C%80%EC%82%AC&ridx=0&tot=3644|script-title=ko:1책12법|website=[[Encyclopedia of Korean Culture]]}}</ref>

==Legacy==
[[File:Territories under buyeo's influence around the thrid century.png|thumb|Buyeo location]]

In the 1930s, Chinese historian Jin Yufu (金毓黻) developed a linear model of descent for the people of Manchuria and northern Korea, from the kingdoms of Buyeo, [[Goguryeo]], and [[Baekje]], to the modern Korean nationality. Later historians of Northeast China built upon this influential model.<ref>{{cite web|last=Byington |first=Mark |url=http://hnn.us/articles/7077.html |title=History News Network &#124; The War of Words Between South Korea and China Over An Ancient Kingdom: Why Both Sides Are Misguided |publisher=Hnn.us |access-date=2015-12-30}}</ref>

[[Goguryeo]] and [[Baekje]], two of the [[Three Kingdoms of Korea]], considered themselves successors of Buyeo. [[Onjo of Baekje|King Onjo]], the founder of Baekje, is said to have been a son of King [[Dongmyeong of Goguryeo|Dongmyeong]], founder of Goguryeo. Baekje officially changed its name to Nambuyeo (South Buyeo, {{Korean|남부여|南夫餘}}) in 538.<ref>[[Il-yeon]]: ''Samguk Yusa: Legends and History of the Three Kingdoms of Ancient Korea'', translated by Tae-Hung Ha and Grafton K. Mintz. Book Two, page 119. Silk Pagoda (2006). {{ISBN|1-59654-348-5}}</ref> [[Goryeo]] also considered itself a descendant of Buyeo through their direct ancestral ties with Goguryeo and Baekje. This is seen in their representation of palace names that were named after former kingdoms that were considered their forefathers.<ref>{{Cite web|title=고려시대 史料 Database|url=http://db.history.go.kr/KOREA/item/level.do?levelId=cnkd_006r_0070|access-date=2022-01-15|website=db.history.go.kr}}</ref>

==See also==
*[[History of Manchuria]]
*[[History of Korea]]
*[[Eastern Buyeo]]
*[[Galsa Buyeo]]
*[[Goguryeo]]
*[[Baekje]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==Bibliography==
* {{citation|surname=Byington|given=Mark E.|title=The Ancient State of Puyŏ in Northeast Asia: Archaeology and Historical Memory|publisher=Harvard University Asia Center|year=2016|location=Cambridge (Massachusetts) and London|isbn=978-0-674-73719-8}}
* {{citation|surname=Lee|given=Peter H.|title=Sourcebook of Korean Civilization 1|publisher=Columbia University Press|year=1993|isbn=978-0-231-07912-9}}
* {{citation|title=A History of the Korean Language| title-link = A History of the Korean Language|surname1=Lee|given1=Ki-Moon|author-link1=Ki-Moon Lee|surname2=Ramsey|given2=S. Robert|publisher=Cambridge University Press|year=2011|isbn=978-1-139-49448-9}}
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Buyeo Kingdom}}
[[Category:States and territories disestablished in the 5th century]]
[[Category:Buyeo| ]]
[[Category:Former countries in East Asia]]
[[Category:Former countries in Chinese history]]
[[Category:Former countries in Korean history]]
[[Category:494 disestablishments]]
[[Category:Ancient peoples of Korea]]
[[Category:History of Manchuria]]
[[Category:States and territories established in the 2nd century BC]]
[[Category:Former monarchies of East Asia]]
[[Category:Yemaeks]]