View source for Bushmaster XM-15

{{Short description|Brand of semi-automatic rifles and carbines based on the AR-15 platform}}
{{infobox weapon
| name               = Bushmaster XM-15
| image              = File:M4gery.jpg
| image_size         = 200px
| alt                = Bushmaster XM15
| caption            = A Bushmaster XM-15 carbine with a sling, 6 30- and 1 20- round magazines.
| origin             = United States
| type               = [[Semi-automatic firearm|Semi-automatic]] [[rifle]]/[[carbine]]/<br />[[AR-15 style rifle]]
<!-- Type selection -->| is_ranged          = yes
<!-- Service history -->| service            = 
| used_by            = 
| wars               = [[War in Iraq (2013–2017)]]<ref name="CAR 2014" />
<!-- Production history -->| designer           = 
| design_date        = 
| manufacturer       = [[Bushmaster Firearms International|Bushmaster Firearms International, LLC]]
| unit_cost          = 
| production_date    = 1990s-2020<br> 2021-present
| number             = 
| variants           = <!-- General specifications -->
| spec_label         = 
| weight             = {{convert|8.27|lb|kg|abbr=on}} (20" barrel, without magazine) <ref name="McNab">{{cite book|last1=McNab|first1=Chris|title=Sporting Guns: A Guide to the World's Rifles and Shotguns|date=2007|publisher=Macmillan|isbn=978-0312368234|page=173|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=q1OC9UCwTtEC}}</ref>
| length             = {{convert|38.25|in|cm|abbr=on}} (20" barrel)
| part_length        = {{convert|20|in|cm|abbr=on}} (rifle), {{convert|16|in|cm|abbr=on}} (carbine)
| width              = 
| height             = 
| diameter           = 
| crew               = 
| passengers         = <!-- Ranged weapon specifications -->
| cartridge          = 
| cartridge_weight   = 
| caliber            = [[.223 Remington]] / [[5.56×45mm NATO]]
| barrels            = 
| action             = [[Gas operated]], [[direct impingement]]
| rate               = Semi-auto<ref name="opmanual">[http://pdf.textfiles.com/manuals/FIREARMS/bushmaster_xm15.pdf Bushmaster XM15 operating manual, 1999 revision: statistics are for Bushmaster XM15-E2S] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230619132224/http://pdf.textfiles.com/manuals/FIREARMS/bushmaster_xm15.pdf |date=2023-06-19}}</ref>
| velocity           = {{convert|3260|ft/s|m/s}} (rifle), {{convert|3100|ft/s|m/s}} (carbine)
| range              = {{convert|600|yd|m}}<ref name="opmanual"/>
| max_range          = {{convert|3,865|yd|m}}<ref name="opmanual"/>
| feed               = [[STANAG magazine]], 30 rounds<ref name="otheropmanual">{{Cite web |url=https://support.bushmaster.com/01_XM-15_RIFLES/User_Manual |title=Bushmaster XM15 and Carbon 15 user manual, 2005 revision |access-date=2016-07-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160811060344/https://support.bushmaster.com/01_XM-15_RIFLES/User_Manual |archive-date=2016-08-11 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
| sights             = A2-style front post<ref name="sales brochure">[https://secure.viewer.zmags.com/publication/c506ea39#/c506ea39/6 Bushmaster Firearms 2016 sales brochure] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230619132224/http://pdf.textfiles.com/manuals/FIREARMS/bushmaster_xm15.pdf |date=2023-06-19}} </ref>
}}
[[File:Bushmaster XM15.jpg|thumb|Bushmaster Dissipator Model XM-15 rifle with aftermarket handguards]]
[[File:D.C. Sniper Bushmaster XM-15 Rifle.png|thumb|The Bushmaster XM-15 used by the [[Beltway sniper attacks|D.C. snipers]] during their attacks in October 2002]]

The '''Bushmaster XM-15''' series (or '''XM15'''<ref name="opmanual"/>) is a line of [[AR-15–style rifle|AR-15 style]] [[semi-automatic rifle]]s and [[carbine]]s manufactured by [[Bushmaster Firearms International, LLC]].<ref name="McNab"/> Variants include the [[Bushmaster M4-type Carbine]], Patrolman series, QRC series, Bushmaster XM15-E2S, and the [[Carbon 15]] line.<ref name="McNab"/><ref name="sales brochure"/>

==Variants==
The standard XM-15 has a [[Forging|forged]] [[7075 aluminium alloy|7075T6]] aircraft-grade [[aluminum]] upper and lower [[Receiver (firearms)|receiver]]. Barrels of XM-15 firearms have a heavy profile and are hard [[Chromium|chrome]]-lined [[41xx steel|4150 alloy steel]] or 416 [[stainless steel]].<ref name="McNab"/><ref name="otheropmanual"/> In Bushmaster's 2016 sales brochure, all new-production XM-15s are stated to be supplied with a 4150 [[steel]] barrel.<ref name="sales brochure"/>  The standard barrel has [[rifling]] of 1 turn in 9".<ref name="opmanual"/>
*E2S Series: The basic E2S is fitted with a 16-inch carbine-style barrel.
**E2S Target<ref name="Catalog">{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=X0QACwAAQBAJ|title=2016 Standard Catalog of Firearms: The Collector's Price and Reference Guide|first=Jerry|last=Lee|date=29 January 2016|publisher=F+W Media, Inc.|via=Google Books|isbn=9781440244414}}</ref> - 20" heavy-barrel target rifle with A2-style stock and carry handle upper, also available with 24" and 26" barrels.
**E2S Shorty<ref name="Guns2011">{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=eT2t8PBVmVMC|title=Guns Illustrated 2011: The Latest Guns, Specs & Prices|first=Dan|last=Shideler|date=20 August 2010|publisher=F+W Media, Inc|via=Google Books|isbn=9781440216244}}</ref> - 16-inch version with a "shorty" handguard.<ref name="Catalog"/>
**E2S Shorty AK<ref name="Guns2011"/> - Shorty variant with 14.5-inch carbine SBR barrel with an [[AK-74]]-style [[muzzle brake]] permanently [[Welding|welded]] to the end to increase the overall length to 16 inches.
**E2S Dissipator<ref name="Guns2011"/> - Variant with a Bushmaster-designed 16-inch "Dissipator" barrel. This mounts a disused gas block with a front sight at the 20" position with the actual used gas block in the carbine position and concealed under a rifle-length 12" handguard allowing more forearm support and room to accessorize the rifle.
*QRC Series: Formerly known as ORC ("optics ready carbine"), but now styled as QRC ("quick response carbine"), are flat-top rifles without iron [[Sight (device)|sights]], provided with a simple 1x20 [[Red dot sight|red-dot]] optic. QRC is chambered in 5.56x45mm with a 1:8 twist [[melonite]] [[Coating|coated]] barrel, M16 style [[Bolt (firearms)|bolt carrier]] group & mil-spec buffer tube.
*Patrolman Series:<ref name="Catalog"/> - 7" or 10.5" barrel "pistol" version with a free-float handguard and no stock. Also available as a military or [[Law enforcement agency|LE]] [[Selective fire|select-fire]] version.
*Bushmaster M4-Type Carbine
{{main|Bushmaster M4-type Carbine}}

*Carbon 15
{{main|Carbon 15}}
[[File:This AR-15 was found in classroom 10 after the shooting.jpg|thumb|The Bushmaster XM15-E2S used in the [[Sandy Hook Elementary School shooting]]]]

==Notoriety==
The Bushmaster XM15-E2S "M4 type" carbine first gained notoriety for its use in the October 2002 [[Beltway sniper attacks]].<ref>{{cite book |last=Carter |first=Gregg Lee |title=Gun Control in the United States: A Reference Handbook |date=2006 |publisher=ABC-CLIO |isbn=9781851097609 |page=[https://archive.org/details/guncontrolinunit0000cart/page/151 151] |url=https://archive.org/details/guncontrolinunit0000cart|url-access=registration |access-date=24 August 2016|quote=The most infamous example is the Bushmaster ...rifle that John Allen Muhammed and John Lee Malvo use in their October 2002 Washington D.C., killing spree.}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Harrison |first=Judy |title=Colt's federal suit against rival firearm firm gets moved to Maine|agency=Knight Ridder Tribune Business News |date=11 Nov 2004 |quote=Bushmaster's XM-15 E2s 'M4 type' carbine allegedly was used by John Allen Muhammad and has gained notoriety as the weapon used in the Washington, D.C., area sniper shootings, according to the complaint.}}</ref>

A Bushmaster XM15-E2S carbine was displayed in a February 2011 video message by [[Caucasus Emirate]] leader [[Dokka Umarov]]. Bushmaster rifles were captured by pro-Russian forces during the [[Russo-Georgian War]].<ref name=calob> {{cite web |url=https://www.calibreobscura.com/exotic-species-of-the-north-caucasus-pt-2-guest-post/ |title=Exotic species of the North Caucasus (Pt 2) |date=December 21, 2021 |publisher=Calibre Obscura |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211222132429/https://www.calibreobscura.com/exotic-species-of-the-north-caucasus-pt-2-guest-post/ |archive-date=December 22, 2021}}</ref>

A Bushmaster XM-15 was used in the December 2012 [[Sandy Hook Elementary School shooting]].<ref>{{cite news |last1=Lysiak|first1=Matthew|title=Video of Adam Lanza Confirmed as Newtown Parents Sue |url=http://www.newsweek.com/sandy-hook-lawsuit-adam-lanza-429526|access-date=23 February 2016 |work=Newsweek |date=23 Feb 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230602194737/http://www.newsweek.com/sandy-hook-lawsuit-adam-lanza-429526 |archive-date=June 2, 2023}}</ref> Just before the second anniversary of the massacre, nine families of the 26 victims of the shooting filed a [[Class action|class action lawsuit]] in Connecticut against Bushmaster, [[Remington Arms]] and others,<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.courant.com/news/connecticut/hc-sandy-hook-gun-lawsuit-20141215-story.html|title=Sandy Hook Families' Suit Against Gun Maker Will Test Federal Law |last=ALTIMARI |first=DAVE |website=Hartford Courant |access-date=2019-12-31}}</ref> seeking "unspecified" damages for the [[Defendant|defendants]]' purported negligent entrustment and illegal marketing of the XM-15 rifle.<ref name="CNN">{{cite news|last1=Fantz|first1=Ashley|title=Gun makers urge judge to toss Sandy Hook lawsuit|url=https://edition.cnn.com/2016/06/20/health/sandy-hook-newtown-gun-lawsuit/ |publisher=CNN LLC|date=20 June 2016|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230316175321/http://edition.cnn.com/2016/06/20/health/sandy-hook-newtown-gun-lawsuit/|archive-date=March 16, 2023}}</ref> [[Plaintiff]]s argued that both theories of liability fell within exceptions to the 2005 [[Protection of Lawful Commerce in Arms Act]], which affords broad civil immunity to gun manufacturers.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Terrill|first1=Daniel|title=Remington tries for dismissal in Sandy Hook, Bushmaster case|url=http://www.guns.com/2016/02/22/remington-lawyers-try-for-dismissal-in-sandy-hook-bushmaster-case/|website=Guns.com|access-date=23 February 2016|date=2016-02-22|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230307181540/https://www.guns.com/2016/02/22/remington-lawyers-try-for-dismissal-in-sandy-hook-bushmaster-case|archive-date=March 7, 2023}}</ref><ref name="obbieatlantic">{{cite news|url=https://www.theatlantic.com/politics/archive/2016/02/bushmaster-sandy-hook-liability/463245/|title=Will a Gun Manufacturer Be Held Liable for Sandy Hook?|last1=Obbie|first1=Mark|date=17 February 2016|work=The Atlantic|access-date=23 February 2016|publisher=The Atlantic Monthly Group|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230320143554/https://www.theatlantic.com/politics/archive/2016/02/bushmaster-sandy-hook-liability/463245/|archive-date=March 20, 2023}}</ref> The case was dismissed in superior court and was appealed to the [[Connecticut Supreme Court]].<ref>{{cite news|last1=Johnson|first1=Alex|title=Fate of Sandy Hook lawsuit against gun maker could be decided by a slingshot|url=https://www.nbcnews.com/news/us-news/fate-sandy-hook-lawsuit-against-gun-maker-could-be-decided-n820776|access-date=May 2, 2018 |publisher=NBC News |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230324073027/https://www.nbcnews.com/news/us-news/fate-sandy-hook-lawsuit-against-gun-maker-could-be-decided-n820776|archive-date=March 24, 2023}}</ref> 

In March 2019, the Connecticut Supreme Court reinstated the [[Wrongful death claim|wrongful death]] lawsuit, holding that the plaintiffs successfully pleaded a cause of action for illegal marketing.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Collins |first1=Dave |title=Court rules gun maker can be sued over Newtown shooting |url=https://apnews.com/a4b101a04dc9469999880a61280fd0da |access-date=5 September 2019 |publisher=Associated Press |date=14 March 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230310181045/https://apnews.com/article/shootings-north-america-lawsuits-us-news-ap-top-news-a4b101a04dc9469999880a61280fd0da |archive-date=March 10, 2023}}</ref> Remington [[appeal]]ed to the United States Supreme Court, which denied review on November 12, 2019.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2019/11/12/us/politics/supreme-court-sandy-hook-remington.html|title=Supreme Court Allows Sandy Hook Relatives to Sue Gun Maker|last1=Hussey|first1=Kristin|date=2019-11-12|work=The New York Times|access-date=2019-12-31|last2=Williamson|first2=Elizabeth|language=en-US|issn=0362-4331|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230516202818/https://www.nytimes.com/2019/11/12/us/politics/supreme-court-sandy-hook-remington.html|archive-date=May 16, 2023}}</ref> On February 15, 2022, Remington Arms insurers settled with families of Sandy Hook victims and agreed to pay a total of $73 million to families.<ref>{{Cite web|url= https://abcnews.com/US/sandy-hook-families-settle-remington-marking-1st-time/story?id=82881639 |title= Sandy Hook families settle with Remington marking 1st time gun maker is held liable for mass shooting |publisher=[[ABC News (United States)|ABC News]]|access-date=February 15, 2022 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230310181047/https://abcnews.go.com/US/sandy-hook-families-settle-remington-marking-1st-time/story?id=82881639 |archive-date=March 10, 2023}}</ref>

XM-15 rifles were also used in the 1997 [[North Hollywood shootout]] (illegally converted to full auto),<ref>{{Cite web|title=img1231nb.jpg|date=2014-10-21|url=http://www.durikgroup.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/09/img1231nb.jpg|access-date=2021-01-21|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141021040601/http://www.durikgroup.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/09/img1231nb.jpg|archive-date=2014-10-21}}</ref> the 2018 [[Nashville Waffle House shooting]],<ref>{{cite news |author=Amir Vera |date=April 22, 2018 |url=https://edition.cnn.com/2018/04/22/us/waffle-house-shooter-white-house/index.html |title=Waffle House shooter was once arrested by Secret Service for trespassing near White House |publisher=CNN |access-date=April 26, 2018|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230310181640/https://amp.cnn.com/cnn/2018/04/22/us/waffle-house-shooter-white-house/index.html|archive-date=March 10, 2023}}</ref> and the [[2022 Buffalo shooting]].<ref name="WP weapons">{{Cite news |last1=Whitlock |first1=Craig |last2=Willman |first2=David |last3=Horton |first3=Alex |date=May 16, 2022 |title=Massacre suspect said he modified Bushmaster rifle to hold more ammunition |newspaper=The Washington Post |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/investigations/2022/05/15/buffalo-shooting-gun-bought-bushmaster/ |access-date=May 16, 2022 |issn=0190-8286 |archive-date=May 16, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220516094008/https://www.washingtonpost.com/investigations/2022/05/15/buffalo-shooting-gun-bought-bushmaster/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

An XM15-E2 was captured from [[Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant|Islamic State]] fighters in [[Sinjar Mountains]] by [[Peshmerga]] during the [[Iraqi Civil War (2014–2017)|Iraqi Civil War]].<ref name ="CAR 2014">{{cite book|title=Islamic State Weapons in Iraq and Syria: Analysis of weapons and ammunition captured from Islamic State forces in Iraq and Syria |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230304211536/https://conflictarm.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/09/Dispatch_IS_Iraq_Syria_Weapons.pdf|archive-date=March 4, 2023|url=http://conflictarm.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/09/Dispatch_IS_Iraq_Syria_Weapons.pdf|date=September 2014|author=Conflict Armament Research|pages=12–14|ref={{harvid|Conflict Armament Research 2014}}|author-link=Conflict Armament Research}}</ref>

==Legality==
As of October 2, 2000, California has banned the Bushmaster XM15 by name in the ''[[Kasler v. Lockyer]]'' Assault Weapon List, among other AR-style rifles by [[Armalite]], [[DPMS Panther Arms|DPMS]], [[Colt's Manufacturing Company|Colt]], and [[Eagle Arms]], to name a few.<ref>[https://oag.ca.gov/sites/all/files/agweb/pdfs/firearms/infobuls/kaslist.pdf Kasler v. Lockyer Assault Weapon List]</ref>

As a result of the Sandy Hook school shooting: 
* New York State banned the Bushmaster XM-15 series and [[assault weapon]]s in the January 2013 [[NY SAFE Act]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2013/01/16/nyregion/tougher-gun-law-in-new-york.html|title=Tougher Gun Law in New York|last=Kaplan|first=Thomas|date=2013-01-15|newspaper=The New York Times|issn=0362-4331|access-date=2016-09-14}}</ref>
* The XM-15 series is among over 100 named firearms added to the [[Assault weapons legislation in the United States#Connecticut|Connecticut state assault weapon ban]] list in an April 2013 amendment, passed in the wake of the Sandy Hook school shooting.<ref>{{Cite web | url=http://www.ct.gov/despp/lib/despp/slfu/firearms/assault_weapons.pdf |title = Department of Emergency Services and Public Protection|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180426031941/http://www.ct.gov/despp/lib/despp/slfu/firearms/assault_weapons.pdf|archive-date=April 26, 2018}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news | url=https://www.nytimes.com/2013/04/05/nyregion/connecticut-lawmakers-pass-gun-limits.html |title = Connecticut Governor Signs Gun Measures|newspaper = The New York Times|date = 2013-04-04|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230516204516/https://www.nytimes.com/2013/04/05/nyregion/connecticut-lawmakers-pass-gun-limits.html|archive-date=May 16, 2023}}</ref>

==Users==
[[File:Bushmaster XM-15 Users.png|thumb|A map with users of the Bushmaster XM-15 in blue]]<!--READ FIRST: This section is for cited entries only. Please do not add entries into this list without a citation from a reliable source. All entries without a citation will be removed. Thank you.-->

* {{flag|Brazil}}: [[Federal Police of Brazil]]<ref>{{cite web |title=POTD: Brazilian Federal Police with Bushmaster XM15-E2S - |url=https://www.thefirearmblog.com/blog/2019/04/02/potd-brazilian-federal-police-with-bushmaster-xm15a2/ |website=The Firearm Blog |access-date=23 July 2019 |date=2 April 2019|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230308074749/https://www.thefirearmblog.com/blog/2019/04/02/potd-brazilian-federal-police-with-bushmaster-xm15a2/|archive-date=March 8, 2023}}</ref>
* {{flag|New Zealand}}: [[New Zealand Police]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.police.govt.nz/news/release/1923|title = Replacement due for police rifles|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230517153019/https://www.police.govt.nz/news/release/1923|archive-date= May 17, 2023}}</ref>
* {{flag|Papua New Guinea}}<ref>{{cite book |title=The politics of destroying surplus small arms : inconspicuous disarmament |date=2010 |publisher=Alpers, Philip |isbn=978-0-415-49461-8 |pages=168–169 }}</ref><ref>{{cite book |title=Under the gun : the small arms challenge in the Pacific |year=2003 |publisher=Victoria University Press in association with the Peace and Disarmament Education Trust |isbn=9780864734532 |pages=64–65}}</ref>
* {{flag|Poland}}: Used by [[JW GROM]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Fot. 12. 5,56-mm kbk M4A1 firmy Bushmaster (XM-15-E2S) z 40-mm granatnikiem... - Ireneusz Chloupek Special-Ops.pl - Portal Ludzi Akcji |url=http://www.special-ops.pl/artykul-galeria/id534,arsenal-grom-1?gal=1&zdjecie=4862 |website=Special-Ops.pl - Portal Ludzi Akcji |access-date=23 July 2019 |language=pl|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190723182910/http://www.special-ops.pl/artykul-galeria/id534%2Carsenal-grom-1%3Fgal%3D1&zdjecie%3D4862|archive-date=July 23, 2019}}</ref>

===Non-state actors===
*{{flagdeco|ISIL}} [[Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant]]<ref name="CAR 2014" />
*[[File:Flag of Caucasian Emirate.svg|22px]] [[Caucasus Emirate]]<ref name=calob/>

==References==
{{Reflist|30em}}

== External links ==
* {{Wikiquote-inline}}

{{Bushmaster Firearms International}}
{{ArmaLite AR-10 derivatives}}

[[Category:5.56 mm firearms]]
[[Category:5.56×45mm NATO semi-automatic rifles]]
[[Category:ArmaLite AR-10 derivatives]]
[[Category:AR-15 style rifles]]
[[Category:Bushmaster firearms]]
[[Category:Semi-automatic rifles of the United States]]