View source for Burnt Church First Nation

{{Use Canadian English|date=January 2023}}
{{Infobox settlement
|official_name          = Esgenoôpetitj (Burnt Church)
|motto                  =  
|image_skyline          = 
|imagesize              = 
|image_caption          = 
|image_flag             = 
|pushpin_map            = New Brunswick
|pushpin_mapsize        = 200
|pushpin_label_position = left
|pushpin_map_caption    = Location of Esgenoôpetitj (Burnt Church) in [[New Brunswick]]
|map_caption            = 
|subdivision_type       = Country
|subdivision_name       = Canada
|subdivision_type1      = [[Provinces of Canada|Province]]
|subdivision_name1      = [[New Brunswick]]
|subdivision_type2      = County
|subdivision_name2      = [[Northumberland County, New Brunswick|Northumberland County]]
|leader_title           = Chief
|leader_title1          = Council
|leader_title2          = MP
|leader_title3          = Provincial Representatives
|leader_name            = Alvery Paul
|leader_name1          = {{Collapsible list
  |framestyle=border:none; padding:0; <!--Hides borders and improves row spacing-->
  |title=List of Members
  |1=Lita Richardson |2=Jason Dean Barnaby |3=Deanna Joe |4=Gerald Lambert |5=Derek Duane Dedam |6=Clark Duane Dedam |7=Carrie Barnaby |8=Irene Beatrice Dedam |9=Lorna Paul |10=Billy Jack Francis |11=Carla Ward |12=Christopher Bonnell
}}
|leader_name2          = [[Jake Stewart (politician)|Jake Stewart]] (CPC)
|leader_name3          = [[Réjean Savoie]] (PC)
|established_title     = Established
|established_date      = 1802
|area_magnitude        = 
|area_total_km2        = 44.055
|area_total_sq_mi      = 
|area_land_km2         = 
|area_land_sq_mi       = 
|area_water_km2        = 
|area_water_sq_mi      = 
|area_water_percent    = 
|area_urban_km2        = 
|area_urban_sq_mi      = 
|area_metro_km2        = 
|area_metro_sq_mi      = 
|population_as_of      = 2011
|population_note       = 
|population_total      = 1,715
|population_footnotes  = <ref name="Indian and Northern Affairs">[https://fnp-ppn.aadnc-aandc.gc.ca/fnp/Main/Search/FNMain.aspx?BAND_NUMBER=5&lang=eng Indian and Northern Affairs], retrieved February 2, 2009.</ref>
|population_metro      = 
|population_urban      = 
|population_density_km2   = 
|population_density_sq_mi = 
|timezone               = [[Atlantic Standard Time Zone|Atlantic (AST)]] 
|utc_offset             = -4
|timezone_DST           = ADT
|utc_offset_DST         = -3
|coordinates            = {{coord|47|11|52.5|N|65|08|53.7|W|region:CA-NB|display=inline,title}}
|elevation_m            = 
|elevation_ft           =
|elevation_min_m = 0  
|elevation_max_m =   
|blank_name             = [[National Topographic System|NTS]] Map
|blank_info             = {{Canada NTS Map Sheet|21|P|3}}
|blank1_name            = 
|blank1_info            = 
|website                = 
|footnotes              = [[Canadian postal code|Postal code]] span: 
}} <!-- Infobox ends -->

'''''Eskɨnuopitijk''''' or '''''Esgenoôpetitj''''' <ref>[http://www.esgenoopetitjfirstnation.org/history.html  Site of Burnt Church] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160221105310/http://www.esgenoopetitjfirstnation.org/history.html |date=February 21, 2016 }}</ref> ( '''Burnt Church Band''' or '''Burnt Church First Nation''' ) is a [[Mi'kmaq]] [[First Nations in Canada|First Nation]] [[band government]] in [[New Brunswick]], Canada, centred south of the community of [[Lagacéville, New Brunswick|Lagacéville]] (approximately 4.5&nbsp;km) and southwest of the village of [[Neguac, New Brunswick|Neguac]] (approximately 7&nbsp;km) on [[Miramichi Bay]]. It covers two [[Indian reserve]]s in [[Northumberland County, New Brunswick|Northumberland County]] ([[Esgenoôpetitj Indian Reserve No. 14|Esgenoôpetitj 14]], previously Burnt Church 14, and [[Tabusintac 9]]) and two reserves in [[Gloucester County, New Brunswick|Gloucester County]] ([[Pokemouche 13]]) ([[Pabineau]]).<ref>[https://fnp-ppn.aadnc-aandc.gc.ca/fnp/Main/Search/FNMain.aspx?BAND_NUMBER=5&lang=eng Inac.gc.ca First Nation Detail page]</ref> The population was 1,715 as of [[Canada 2011 Census|2011]].  The [[Mi'kmaq]] call Burnt Church ''Esgenoôpetitj'', which means "a lookout".<ref>{{Cite book|url = https://archive.org/details/afirstreadingbo00rangoog|title = A First Reading Book in the Micmac Language: Comprising the Micmac Numerals, and the Names of the Different Kinds of Beasts, Birds, Fishes, Trees, &c. of the Maritime Provinces of Canada. Also, Some of the Indian Names of Places, and Many Familiar Words and Phrases, Translated Literally Into English|last = Rand|first = Silas Tertius|date = 1875-01-01|publisher = Nova Scotia Printing Company|language = en}}</ref>

==History==
{{See also|History of New Brunswick|List of historic places in Northumberland County, New Brunswick}}
[[File:Burnt Church, c. 1768.jpg|thumb|Burnt Church, 1758. "A view of Miramichi, a French settlement in the Gulf of St. Laurence, destroyed by Brigadier Murray detached by General Wolfe for that purpose, from the Bay of Gaspe."]]
The land has been inhabited by [[First Nations in Canada|First Nations]] peoples since at least 1727, when a map by Sieur l'Hermitte recorded it.<ref name="Ganong">[http://www.ahcn.ca/Histoire/ganong/neguac-bc.htm The History of Neguac and Burnt Church] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091219192856/http://www.ahcn.ca/Histoire/ganong/neguac-bc.htm |date=December 19, 2009 }}, retrieved August 30, 2008</ref>

[[William Francis Ganong]] explained that the current name arose after the 1758 [[Gulf of St. Lawrence Campaign (1758)]], when British General [[James Wolfe]] directed Colonel [[James Murray (Quebec governor)|James Murray]] to destroy the [[Acadian]] settlements of [[Miramichi, New Brunswick|Miramichi]] which included burning the stone church.

Burnt Church was included in one of the very earliest Indian reserves set aside by New Brunswick.  The reserve was officially established March 5, 1805, with {{convert|2058|acre|km2}}. At the time of Ganong's writing it was "still a favorite Micmac settlement, and much the largest in all New Brunswick".<ref name="Ganong"/>

[[File:A View of Miramichi, 1760, oil painting by Francis Swaine after a view by Captain Hervey Smyth. Credit National Gallery of CanadaNo 4976.jpg|thumb|left|[[Gulf of St. Lawrence Campaign (1758)|Raid on Miramichi Bay]] - Burnt Church Village by Captain [[Hervey Smythe]] (1758)]]
Following the [[Seven Years' War]], several Acadian families returned to lands adjoining the reserve.  They were followed by a wave of new [[Scotland|Scottish]] settlers.  Thus, the Burnt Church name is now used in reference to both the local First Nation, and to the adjoining non-native community.

In recent years, Burnt Church First Nation members have fought strenuously for their traditional [[lobster]] fishing rights, culminating in the [[Burnt Church Crisis]] with the provincial and federal governments as well as local non-native fishermen.<ref name="Marshall">[http://www.rism.org/isg/dlp/bc/index.htm The Marshall Decision and the Maritime Canadian Fishery] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090305102300/http://www.rism.org/isg/dlp/bc/index.htm |date=2009-03-05 }}, retrieved August 30, 2008</ref>

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==Notable people==
{{Main|List of people from Northumberland County, New Brunswick}}

==See also==
*[[List of communities in New Brunswick]]
*[[First Nations in New Brunswick]]

==References==
<references />

{{First Nations in New Brunswick}}

[[Category:Communities in Northumberland County, New Brunswick]]
[[Category:Mi'kmaq governments]]
[[Category:Mi'kmaq in Canada]]
[[Category:Burnt Church First Nation| ]]