View source for Bridgewater Place

{{Short description|Building in Leeds, West Yorkshire, England}}
{{For|the skyscraper in Grand Rapids, Michigan, USA|Bridgewater Place, Grand Rapids}}
{{redirect|The Dalek|other uses|Dalek (disambiguation)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2023}}
{{Use British English|date=November 2013}}
{{Infobox building
|image              =  Bridgewater place,Leeds.JPG 
|image_size         = 240px    
|name               = Bridgewater Place
|completion_date    = 2007  
|location           = [[Leeds]], [[England]]
|coordinates        = {{coord|53.7920|-1.5479|region:GB_scale:2000|display=inline,title}}
|status             = Complete
|roof               = {{convert|368|ft|m|0|abbr=on|order=flip}}
| building_type       = [[Skyscraper]]{{efn|Under the [[Emporis Standards Committee]], a [[skyscraper]] is defined as a multi-storey building which is at least 100&nbsp;m tall.<ref>{{cite web |title=Skyscraper, Emporis Standards |url=https://www.emporis.com/building/standard/75/skyscraper |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150511222640/http://www.emporis.com/building/standard/75/skyscraper |url-status=usurped |archive-date=11 May 2015 |website=Emporis.com |access-date=22 June 2022}}</ref>}}
|antenna_spire      = 
|floor_count        = 32
|est_completion     = 2006
|opening            = 2007
|floor_area         = {{convert|40,000|m2|sqft|abbr=on}}
|architect          = [[Aedas]]
|developer          = [[KW Linfoot]]
|main_contractor    = [[Bovis Lend Lease]]
}}
'''Bridgewater Place''', nicknamed '''The [[Dalek]]''',<ref name=sky>{{cite web|url=http://www.skyscrapernews.com/buildings.php?id=734|work=SKYSCRAPERNEWS.COM|title=Building – 734 – Bridgewater Place – Leeds|access-date=2 August 2008|archive-date=4 February 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100204071723/http://skyscrapernews.com/buildings.php?id=734|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name=yep-2007>{{cite news |author=<!-- not given --> |date=16 April 2007 |title=Why we should all love Leeds's Dalek |newspaper=Yorkshire Evening Post |url=http://www.yorkshireeveningpost.co.uk/news/latest-news/top-stories/why-we-should-all-love-leeds-s-dalek-1-2097778 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151208081745/http://www.yorkshireeveningpost.co.uk/news/latest-news/top-stories/why-we-should-all-love-leeds-s-dalek-1-2097778 |archive-date=8 December 2015 |access-date=18 June 2023}}</ref> is an office and residential skyscraper in [[Leeds]], [[West Yorkshire]], [[England]]. It was the tallest building in [[Yorkshire]] at the time of being [[Topping out|topped out]] in September 2005, but is now the second-tallest after another Leeds building, [[Altus House, Leeds|Altus House]]. Bridgewater Place is visible from up to {{convert|25|mi|km|abbr=off}} away. 

==The Building==

Leeds unveiled plans for Bridgewater Place in 2001, as an £80&nbsp;million 30-storey tower with eight floors of office and retail space and the rest given over to flats and penthouses. There were doubts at the time from local watchdogs about its potential wind and shade characteristics, but [[Leeds City Council]] was enthusiastic about having a true skyscraper downtown. Construction was expected to finish in autumn of 2003.<ref>{{cite news |last=Wainwright |first=Martin |author-link=Martin Wainwright (journalist) |date=20 July 2001 |title=Leeds aims high with its lofty ambition to tower over rivals |url=https://www.theguardian.com/society/2001/jul/20/housingpolicy.uknews |work=[[The Guardian]] |access-date=18 June 2023}}</ref>

The building was ultimately completed in April 2007. At the time, it was the tallest and largest building in Yorkshire, with 32 storeys, a height of 110m, and 400,000 sq ft of space, although it was exceeded in height by the local 330m [[Emley Moor transmitting station|Emley Moor TV mast]].<ref>{{cite news |author=<!-- not given --> |date=26 April 2007 |title=City's tallest building completed |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/england/west_yorkshire/6595493.stm |work=[[BBC News]] |access-date=18 June 2023}}</ref> It was called "the Dalek" in the ''[[Yorkshire Evening Post]]'' within a month of opening.<ref name=yep-2007/>

Although the ''Evening Post'' stood up for it then despite the nickname, it has perennially been deemed an eyesore. Aedas was nominated for the [[Carbuncle Cup]] in 2008 on its account, it was found in a 2023 study to be one of the top ten buildings worldwide called "ugly" most frequently on Twitter, and [[Owen Hatherley]] said in 2011 that it looks "very cheap," though he allowed that it "at least...has some personality."<ref>{{cite news |author=<!-- not given --> |date=10 July 2008 |title=A Bridgewater too far? |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/leeds/content/articles/2008/10/07/places_carbuncle_cup_feature.shtml |work=[[BBC News]] |access-date=26 June 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Jackson |first=Benjamin |date=21 January 2023 |title=UK’s architectural eyesores: Bridgewater Place ranked in top ten buildings deemed ‘eyesores’ - full list |url=https://www.yorkshireeveningpost.co.uk/lifestyle/bridgwater-place-named-one-of-the-ten-eyesores-in-the-uk-3996123 |work=[[Yorkshire Evening Post]] |access-date=26 June 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |author=<!-- not given --> |date=29 September 2011 |title=City’s skylines are seeing the good, the bad and the ugly |url=https://www.yorkshirepost.co.uk/business/citys-skylines-are-seeing-the-good-the-bad-and-the-ugly-1920392 |work=[[Yorkshire Evening Post]] |access-date=26 June 2023}}</ref> An Aedas architect involved in the project said he feels that "some of the bad press [his] building has received has shown a lack of understanding of the constraints every architect works under."<ref>{{cite magazine |author=<!-- not given --> |date=21 May 2020 |title=My Place: Bridgwater Place, Leeds |url=https://journal.theaou.org/myplace/bridgewater-place-leeds/ |magazine=Here & Now |location=Cambridge, England |publisher=The Academy of Urbanism |access-date=26 June 2023}}</ref>

==Wind microclimate ==
{{further|Wind engineering}}
[[File:Gusty winds Bridgewater 2018 2.jpg|thumb|right|Warning sign for pedestrians]]
[[File:Wind Baffles, Water Lane, Leeds (37745389046).jpg|thumb|Wind baffles during installation]]

Following the Property reaching practical completion in April 2007, it became apparent that the Property had created an unacceptable wind microclimate, principally to the north of the Property on Water Lane and also at the junction with Water Lane/Neville Street. It was found that the Property was accelerating winds coming from a westerly direction and also creating wind downdraft from the residential tower. Wind speeds were measured as high as 79&nbsp;mph, [[Beaufort scale#Modern scale|comparable to a hurricane]]. One person suffered a torn liver and internal bleeding, and cuts requiring 11 stitches, and a buggy with a three-month-old child was pushed out into the road by a sharp gust. In March 2011, a local man, Dr Edward Slaney, was killed by a lorry overturned on him by a gust. The Crown Prosecution Service advised against bringing charges of corporate manslaughter against the architects, Aedas.<ref>{{cite news |author=<!--not stated--> |date=3 December 2013 |title=Bridgewater Place inquest: Coroner calls for road closure |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-england-leeds-25200798 |work=[[BBC News]] |location=Leeds & West Yorkshire |access-date=18 June 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |author=<!--not stated--> |date=26 May 2011 |title=The central Leeds street where skyscraper winds ‘pick people off the pavement’ |url=https://www.yorkshirepost.co.uk/news/the-central-leeds-street-where-skyscraper-winds-pick-people-off-the-pavement-1931485 |work=[[The Yorkshire Post]] |access-date=18 June 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Wainwright |first=Oliver |author-link=Oliver Wainwright |date=14 August 2014 |title='Killer towers': how architects are battling hazardous high-rises |url=https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/architecture-design-blog/2014/aug/14/killer-towers-how-architects-are-battling-hazardous-high-rises |work=[[The Guardian]] |access-date=18 June 2023}}</ref>

As a result, a wind mitigation scheme (the “Wind Scheme”) was implemented, with construction of the Wind Scheme (comprising a canopy, five screens on the west side of the building and three “baffles” in Water Lane) being completed in summer 2018.<ref>{{cite news |author=<!-- not stated --> |date=10 January 2018 |title=End in sight for '˜wind tunnel' safety work at Bridgewater Place in Leeds |url=https://www.yorkshireeveningpost.co.uk/news/end-in-sight-for-wind-tunnel-safety-work-at-bridgewater-place-in-leeds-592211 |work=[[Yorkshire Evening Post]] |access-date=21 June 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite report |last1=Macleod |first1=Gillian |last2=Murphy |first2=Nicola |date=16 October 2019 |title=Bridgewater Place Wind Monitoring |url=https://democracy.leeds.gov.uk/documents/s195873/Bridgewater%20Place%20Cover%20Report%20071019.pdf |publisher=[[Leeds City Council]] |page=2 |access-date=6 June 2023 |quote=The implementation works to install the wind mitigation scheme were completed in summer 2018.}}</ref> The owners of Bridgewater Place at the time, CPPI Bridgewater Place, agreed to pay the £903,000 cost of installation.<ref>{{cite news |author=<!-- not stated --> |date=1 December 2016 |title=Leeds' Bridgewater Place owners to foot £900,000 wind bill |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-england-leeds-38174624 |work=[[BBC News]] |access-date=22 June 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |author=<!--not stated--> |date=29 October 2013 |title=Owners of skyscraper agree deal on safety measures |url=https://www.yorkshirepost.co.uk/news/uk-news/owners-of-skyscraper-agree-deal-on-safety-measures-1853802 |work=[[The Yorkshire Post]] |access-date=22 June 2023}}</ref>

In December 2013, at the inquest into Dr Slaney's death, the coroner recommended to Leeds City Council that they institute high wind safety procedures around Bridgewater Place while the wind mitigation works were being built.<ref>{{cite news |author=<!-- not stated --> |date=3 December 2013 |title=Bridgewater Place inquest: Coroner calls for road closure |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-england-leeds-25200798 |work=[[BBC News]] |access-date=22 June 2023}}</ref> Leeds City Council did this in February 2014. When winds were above 35&nbsp;mph, the city diverted high sided vehicles from the area, and when above 45&nbsp;mph, they closed the roads to non-emergency vehicles and diverted pedestrians behind a screen.<ref>{{cite news |author=<!--not stated--> |date=7 February 2014 |title=New safety policies for Leeds Bridgewater Place ‘wind tunnel’ |url=https://www.yorkshirepost.co.uk/news/new-safety-policies-for-leeds-bridgewater-place-wind-tunnel-1846621 |work=[[The Yorkshire Post]] |access-date=22 June 2023}}</ref> In October 2019, over a year after the completion of the wind mitigation works, experts hired by Bridgewater Place found that the works had reduced the risk to the public satisfactorily, and an independent expert hired by Leeds verified their findings.<ref>{{cite news |author=<!-- not stated --> |date=14 October 2019 |title=Bridgewater Place high-wind road closures could be scrapped |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-england-leeds-50047359 |work=[[BBC News]] |access-date=19 June 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |author=<!-- not stated --> |date=15 October 2019 |title=High wind road closure rules in Leeds should be scrapped, say experts |url=https://www.yorkshireeveningpost.co.uk/news/politics/high-wind-road-closure-rules-in-leeds-should-be-scrapped-say-experts-814685 |work=[[Yorkshire Evening Post]] |access-date=22 June 2023}}</ref> Leeds City Council lifted the safety restrictions at their next meeting, charging CPPI Bridgewater Place a total of £1.223&nbsp;million with the cost of the road closures.<ref>{{cite report |last1=Macleod |first1=Gillian |last2=Murphy |first2=Nicola |date=16 October 2019 |title=Bridgewater Place Wind Monitoring |url=https://democracy.leeds.gov.uk/documents/s195873/Bridgewater%20Place%20Cover%20Report%20071019.pdf |publisher=[[Leeds City Council]] |page=4 |access-date=22 June 2023 |quote=The proposed removal of the high winds protocol will remove the need for specialised and bespoke Bridgewater Place wind forecasts to be obtained. The current close management of the highways around this site by the Council’s Highways Maintenance Team will no longer be necessary. The costs to the Council of these past measures are in the amount of £1.223m They will be recharged to the owners of Bridgewater Place in accordance with the Settlement Agreement reached with full reimbursement being achieved.}}</ref>

The safety problems caused by the building have affected proposals for other high-rise developments in the city. In August 2016, when submitting plans for [[Bridge Street, Leeds|Bridge Street]], the developers stated that extensive wind tests were being undertaken to avoid 'another Bridgewater Place'.<ref>{{cite news |author=<!-- not stated --> |date=22 August 2016 |title=Leeds supertowers proposal 'must not repeat wind tunnel chaos' |url=https://www.yorkshireeveningpost.co.uk/news/politics/leeds-supertowers-proposal-must-not-repeat-wind-tunnel-chaos-1792638 |work=[[Yorkshire Evening Post]] |access-date=19 June 2023}}</ref>

==Gallery==
<gallery>
File:The upper parts of Bridgewater Place seen from New Lane.jpg
File:Bridgewater Place from the junction of Victoria Road and New Lane (April 2010) 001.jpg
File:Great Wilson Street and Bridgewater Place, Leeds - geograph.org.uk - 199854.jpg|Side view of the Bridgewater Place development under construction
File:Leeds (51), September 2009.JPG|View of the Bridgewater place from Doubletree hotel
File:Bridgewater Place Leeds.PNG
File:Bridgewater Place and BMB Group building (19th September 2010).jpg|Contrast of old and new architecture in the area
File:Leeds building heights (Bridgewater Place).svg|Height of Bridgewater Place compared to the height of other existing and approved tall buildings in Leeds
</gallery>

==See also==
*[[List of tallest buildings in Leeds]]
*[[Architecture of Leeds]]

==Notes==
{{notelist}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
{{commons category|Bridgewater Place}}
*[http://www.aedas.com/ Aedas Official Website]
*[http://lovinleeds.co.uk/leeds-cityscapes-views-bridgewater-place/  Views of and from Bridgewater Place on Lovin' Leeds]
*[http://www.skyscrapernews.com/buildings.php?id=734 Skyscraper News article on Bridgewater Place] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100204071723/http://skyscrapernews.com/buildings.php?id=734 |date=4 February 2010 }}
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20060113045356/http://www.leeds-cityscape.co.uk/Bridgewater_Place.html Bridgewater Place page on Leeds Cityscape]
*{{usurped|1=[https://web.archive.org/web/20040509202911/http://www.artisthouse.org.uk/ Website of artists making atrium sculpture]}}
*[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TwfYA2Fp32I BBC News broadcast covering the sculpture]
*[https://www.yorkshireeveningpost.co.uk/news/end-in-sight-for-wind-tunnel-safety-work-at-bridgewater-place-in-leeds-1-8950167 Local newspaper covering wind deflection work]
*[http://www.carrerapropertyconsultancy.com/floor-plans/bridgewater-floorplans.pdf]{{dead link|date=November 2016 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} PDF floor plans of some of the residential parts of the building

{{S-start}}
{{S-ach|rec}}
{{S-bef|before=[[West Riding House]]<br /><small>{{cvt|80|m|ft}}</small>}}
{{S-ttl|title=[[List of tallest buildings in Yorkshire|Tallest building in Yorkshire]]|years=2005&nbsp;–&nbsp;2020}}
{{S-aft|after=[[Altus House]]<br /><small>{{cvt|114|m|ft}}</small>}}
{{S-end}}

{{City of Leeds}}
{{UKSkyscrapers}}

[[Category:Skyscrapers in Leeds]]
[[Category:Residential skyscrapers in England]]
[[Category:Buildings and structures completed in 2007]]
[[Category:Skyscraper office buildings in England]]