View source for Borderline intellectual functioning

{{Infobox medical condition (new)
| name            = Borderline intellectual functioning
| synonyms         = Borderline mental retardation,<ref name="ICD8"/> borderline mental subnormality,<ref name="ICD8"/> borderline mental deficiency,<ref name="ICD8"/> borderline mental disability, borderline intelligence,<ref name="ICD8"/> deficientia intelligentiæ,<ref name="ICD8"/> backwardness<ref name="ICD8"/>
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| specialty       = [[Psychiatry]]
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{{Psychology sidebar}}
'''Borderline intellectual functioning''', previously called '''borderline mental retardation''' (in the [[ICD-8]]),<ref name="ICD8">{{cite book |date=1967 |title=Manual of the International Statistical Classification of Diseases, Injures, and Causes of Death |url=http://psychiatr.ru/download/1481?view=1&name=1337.pdf |volume=1 |language=en |location=[[Geneva]] |publisher=[[World Health Organization]] |page=154}}</ref> is a categorization of [[intelligence]] wherein a person has below average cognitive ability (generally an [[IQ]] of 70–85),<ref>{{cite journal |pmid=20537050|title=Working memory and executive function profiles of individuals with borderline intellectual functioning|author=TP Alloway|journal=Journal of Intellectual Disability Research |date=May 2010|doi=10.1111/j.1365-2788.2010.01281.x|volume=54|issue=5|pages=448–56}}</ref> but the deficit is not as severe as [[intellectual disability]] (below 70). It is sometimes called '''below average IQ''' ('''BAIQ'''). This is technically a [[cognitive impairment]]; however, this group may not be sufficiently [[intellectual disability|mentally disabled]] to be eligible for specialized services.<ref name=Research&EducationAssociation/>

== Codes ==
The [[DSM-IV codes|DSM-IV-TR]] code of borderline intellectual functioning is V62.89.<ref>{{cite book |title=Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders: DSM-IV |publisher=American Psychiatric Association |location=Washington, DC |year=2000 |isbn=0-89042-025-4 }}</ref> [[DSM-5]] diagnosis codes are V62.89 and R41.83.<ref name="DSM-5">{{cite book |author=American Psychiatric Association |title=Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5) |chapter=Other Conditions That May Be a Focus of Clinical Attention |year=2013 |pages=727 |location=Arlington, VA |publisher=American Psychiatric Publishing |isbn=978-0-89042-559-6 |doi=10.1176/appi.books.9780890425596}}</ref>

== Learning skills ==
During [[school]] years, individuals with borderline intellectual functioning are often "slow learners".<ref name=Research&EducationAssociation>''The Best Test Preparation for the Advanced Placement Examination in Psychology'', Research & Education Association. (2003), p. 99</ref> Although a large percentage of this group fails to complete [[high school]] and can often achieve only a low [[socioeconomic status]], most adults in this group blend in with the rest of the population.<ref name=Research&EducationAssociation/>

== Differential diagnosis ==
According to the DSM-5, differentiating borderline intellectual functioning and mild [[intellectual disability]] requires careful assessment of adaptive and intellectual functions and their variations, especially in the presence of co-morbid [[psychiatric disorder]]s that may affect patient compliance with [[standardized test]] (for example, [[attention deficit hyperactivity disorder]] (ADHD) with severe [[impulsivity]] or [[schizophrenia]]).<ref name="DSM-5"/>

==See also==
*[[IQ classification]]
*[[Special education]]

==References==
{{reflist|1}}

==Further reading==
*{{Cite book  | last1 = Gillberg | first1 = Christopher | title = Clinical child neuropsychiatry | year = 1995 | publisher = Cambridge University Press | location = Cambridge  | isbn = 0-521-54335-5 | pages =47–48}}
*{{Cite book  | last1 = Harris | first1 = James C. | title = Intellectual disability : understanding its development, causes, classification, evaluation, and treatment | year = 2006 | publisher = Oxford University Press | location = New York | isbn = 0-19-517885-8 }}

[[Category:Intellectual disability]]
[[Category:Pejorative terms for people with disabilities]]