View source for Black Banner Organization

{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2020}}
{{update|date=January 2015}}
{{More footnotes|date=June 2014}}
{{for|the Russian anarchist communist organisation known as The Black Banner|Chernoe Znamia}}
{{Infobox militant organization
| name             = Black Banner Organization
| native_name      = تنظيم الراية السودة
| logo             = Flag of Black Banner Organization.svg
| leader           = [[Omar Hadid al Falluji]]
| ideology         = [[Sunni Islam|Sunni islamism]]
| war              = [[Iraqi insurgency (2003–2011)|Iraqi Insurgency]]
}}
The '''Black Banner Organization''' (Arabic: تنظيم الراية السودة, ''Tandhīm Al Rāyah Al Sawdāh'') was an [[Iraq]]i [[guerrilla warfare|guerrilla]] organization that battled multinational troops in Iraq. The organization's ideology was believed to be radical Sunni [[Islamism]]. 

==Organization==
Black Banners has been identified as the armed battalion of the [[Secret Islamic Army]]. The group's leader has been identified as Omar (variant: Umar) Hadid al-Falluji, an Iraqi who is believed to have international militant Islamist links. <ref>{{Cite web |last=KyleWOrton |date=2017-01-30 |title=The Leader of the Islamic State in the 2004 Fallujah Battles: Umar Hadid |url=https://kyleorton.co.uk/2017/01/30/the-leader-of-the-islamic-state-in-the-2004-fallujah-battles-umar-hadid/ |access-date=2022-10-19 |website=Kyle Orton's Blog |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Two locals were core of Fallujah insurgency |url=https://www.nbcnews.com/id/wbna6578062 |access-date=2022-10-19 |website=NBC News |date=24 November 2004 |language=en}}</ref>   Some U.S. and Iraqi officials believe Hadid was close to Jordanian terrorist leader Abu Musab al-Zarqawi, whose al-Qaida-linked movement allegedly used Fallujah as a headquarters.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Two locals were core of Fallujah insurgency |url=https://www.nbcnews.com/id/wbna6578062 |access-date=2022-10-19 |website=NBC News |date=24 November 2004 |language=en}}</ref>  A large share of its membership is believed to be composed of non-Iraqi fighters, especially from Syria. 

This group was an active member of the [[Iraqi insurgency (Iraq War)|Iraqi insurgency]], sharing joint control of [[Falluja]] with other militant groups, where it imposed strict [[Sharia]] law, and was responsible for a number of kidnappings. This included the abduction of three Indians, two Kenyans, and an Egyptian working for a Kuwaiti company operating in Iraq in 2004.<ref>{{Cite web |last=MROUE |first=BASSEM |date=2004-09-05 |title=Iraqi militants seek religious edict on kidnapping |url=https://www.chron.com/news/nation-world/article/Iraqi-militants-seek-religious-edict-on-kidnapping-1665397.php |access-date=2023-01-04 |website=Chron |language=en-US}}</ref> The aim was to compel the company to stop its activities in Iraq. The hostages were later released.

==Attacks against==

Coalition military officials believe that a campaign of airstrikes against insurgent safehouses and positions in Fallujah seriously disrupted the network of the Black Banner Organization. Omar Hadid is said to have narrowly avoided capture by U.S. forces twice.<ref>{{Cite web |last=KyleWOrton |date=2017-01-30 |title=The Leader of the Islamic State in the 2004 Fallujah Battles: Umar Hadid |url=https://kyleorton.co.uk/2017/01/30/the-leader-of-the-islamic-state-in-the-2004-fallujah-battles-umar-hadid/ |access-date=2023-01-04 |website=Kyle Orton's Blog |language=en}}</ref> 

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==Sources==
* [https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/3713614.stm bbc.co.uk]
* http://www.upi.com/view.cfm?StoryID=20040722-084908-1295r
* http://www.iwpr.net/index.pl?archive/irq/irq_83_1_eng.txt
* https://www.nytimes.com/2004/10/27/international/middleeast/27marines.html?pagewanted=2&ei=5094&en=c904464482078c63&hp&ex=1098936000&partner=homepage
* https://web.archive.org/web/20090221182934/http://seattletimes.nwsource.com/html/nationworld/2002097538_realboss22.html

{{Armed Iraqi Groups in the Iraq War and the Iraq Civil War}}
[[Category:Factions in the Iraq War]]
[[Category:Iraqi insurgency (2003–2011)]]
[[Category:Jihadist groups in Iraq]]
{{iraq-stub}}
{{paramilitary-org-stub}}