View source for Bigambul

{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2022}}
{{Short description|Aboriginal Australian ethnic group}}
{{Use Australian English|date=May 2012}}
{{Infobox
 | above       = Bigambul people
 | abovestyle  = background-color: #FFFF99
 | subheader   = {{small|aka: ''Bigabul'', ''Pikambul'', ''Bigambal'', ''Preagalgh'', ''Wigal-wollumbul'', ''Wee-n' gul-la-m' bul'' }}{{sfn|Tindale|1974|p=166}}
 | caption1    = [[Border Rivers]] region
 | headerstyle = background-color: #FFFF99
 | header1     = [[Hierarchy]]{{sfn|AIATSIS|2010}}
 | label2      = Language family:
 | data2       = [[Pama–Nyungan languages|Pama–Nyungan]]
 | label3      = Language branch:
 | data3       = [[Wiradhuric languages|Wiradhuric]]
 | label4      = Language group:
 | data4       = {{Plainlist|
* [[Gamilaraay language|Gamilaraay]];
* [[Bigambul language|Bigambul]]
 }}
 | label5      = Group dialects:
 | data5       = {{Plainlist|
* [[Gambuwal language|Gambuwal]];
* [[Kwiambal language|Kwiambal / Gujambal]]
 }}
 | label6      = Group estate:
 | header20    = Area (approx. 26,500 sq. km)
 | label22     = Bioregion:
 | data22      = [[Northern Tablelands]] and [[Border Rivers]]
 | label23     = Location:
 | data23      = [[New South Wales]]{{spaced ndash}}[[Queensland]] border
 | label24     = Coordinates:
 | data24      = {{coord|28|10|S|150|10|E|region:AU-NSW|display=inline, title}}{{sfn|Tindale|1974|p=166}}
 | label25     = Mountains:
 | data25      =
 | label26     = Rivers
 | data26      = {{Plainlist|
* [[Weir River (Queensland)|Weir River]];
* [[Moonie River]];
* [[Macintyre River]];
* [[Middle Creek (New South Wales)|Middle Creek]]
 }}
 | label27     = Other geological:
 | data27      = {{Plainlist|
* [[Boobera Lagoon]]{{sfn|Copeland|1999|p=2}}
* [[Kwiambal National Park]]{{sfn|Kwiambal National Park}}
 }}
 | label28     = Urban areas:<ref name="DUBR" />
 | header30    = Notable individuals
 | data31      = [[Chris Sandow]]
}}
The '''Bigambul''' people are an [[Aboriginal Australia]]n people of the [[Northern Tablelands]] and [[Border Rivers]] regions of [[New South Wales]] and [[Queensland]].

==Name==
In the traditional language, the name of this group is derived from the Bigambul word {{lang|xbe|biga}} or {{lang|xbe|pika}} which translates in English to ''yes''. The Bigambul are bounded to the south–east by the [[Ngarabal]], the [[Kamilaroi]] to the south, the [[Kooma]] to the west, the [[Mandandanji]] and [[Gubbi Gubbi people|Kabi]] to the north, and the [[Baruŋgam]] to the north–east.

==Country==
[[Norman Tindale]] ascribed to the Bigambul a traditional territory spreading over {{convert|26500|km2}} east of [[Nindigully]], on the [[Weir River (Queensland)|Weir]] and [[Moonie River|Moonie]] rivers, north to [[Tara, Queensland|Tara]]; at [[Talwood, Queensland|Talwood]]; on the [[Macintyre River]] from east of [[Boomi, Queensland|Boomi]] to [[Texas, Queensland|Texas]]; at [[Yetman, New South Wales|Yetman]], [[Boggabilla]], and at [[Middle Creek (New South Wales)|Middle Creek]].{{sfn|Tindale|1974|p=166}}

==Alternate names==
{{colbegin|colwidth=18em}}
* ''Bigabul''
* ''Pikambul''
* ''Bigambal''
* ''Bigambel''
* ''Bee-gum-bul''
* ''Bigumble''
* ''Pikumbul,'Pikumpal, Pikambal''
* ''Pikum-bul, Pickum-bul, Pickimbul''
* ''Pickumble, Picumbul, Pikumbil''
* ''Begumble''
* ''Peekumble''
* ''Pickumbil''
* ''Picumbill''
* ''Preagalgh''
* ''Wigal-wollumbul''
* ''Wee-n' gul-la-m' bul''
{{colend}}

Source: {{harvnb|Tindale|1974|p=166}}

==Clans==
The Bigambul have a [[culture|cultural]] connection with the northern Kamilaroi people and these people regularly participated in joint ceremonies at [[Boobera Lagoon]].{{sfn|Copeland|1999|p=2}}

==Language==
The [[Australian Institute for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Studies]] states that the [[Bigambul language]] was used by the Bigambul people, with [[Gambuwal language|Gambuwal]] and [[Kwiambal language|Kwiambal]] (or Gujambal) known dialects.{{sfn|AIATSIS|2010}}
However, it is more likely that the [[Gamilaraay language|Gamilaraay]] (or Yuwaaliyaay) language was used by those peoples living in southern Bigambul territory.{{sfn|NSWDoAA|2012}}

==History of contact==
The Bigambul people actively opposed European [[colonisation]] of their territory. From the early 1840s they mounted a 14–year [[guerrilla]] campaign to expel the settlers. The Bigambul leadership understood the importance of economics in warfare and they specifically targeted horses and cattle rather than just the settlers themselves. The campaign was initially successful with 17 selections being abandoned in Macintyre region in 1843, of which only 13 were re-occupied when Europeans returned 3 years later. The economic war was so successful that it is recorded that one selection was making a loss of £150 per year until 1849. The tide of the campaign turned in 1848 when the Governor set aside £1000 to form the [[Native Police]] and appointed [[Frederick Walker (native police commandant)|Frederick Walker]] to command them. Walker took the battle to the Bigambul, attacking them in their camps with his stated objective being their annihilation. By 1851 the economic war was effectively over, land values in the area doubled and the wages paid by settlers to employees were halved. Most of the work done on selections in the area was performed by Aborigines in return for food rations. By 1854 only 100 of the Bigambul people were left alive.{{sfn|Copeland|1999|p=10}}

==Native title==
On 23 February 2001 the Bigambul people lodged a successful [[native title]] claim over {{convert|24188|km2}} in South Western Queensland.{{sfn|National Native Title Tribunal}}

==Notable Bigambul people==
* [[Chris Sandow]]{{spaced ndash}}a professional [[rugby league]] footballer{{sfn|NRL|2011}}

==Notes==
{{notelist}}

===Citations===
{{Reflist}}

==Sources==
{{refbegin|35em}}
*{{cite web| title = Bigambul language (D34) (Qld SH56-01)
 | work = Language and Peoples Thesaurus
 | publisher = [[Australian Institute for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Studies|AIATSIS]]
 | year = 2010
 | url = http://www1.aiatsis.gov.au/thesaurus/language/mtw.exe?k=default&l=60&s=1&n=1&y=0&w=Bigambul%2Blanguage%2B(D34)%2B(Qld%2BSH56-01)&t=3
 | url-status = dead
 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120402221825/http://www1.aiatsis.gov.au/thesaurus/language/mtw.exe?k=default&l=60&s=1&n=1&y=0&w=Bigambul+language+%28D34%29+%28Qld+SH56-01%29&t=3
 | access-date = 14 May 2012 | archive-date = 2 April 2012
 | ref = {{harvid|AIATSIS|2010}}
}}
*{{Cite conference| title = The Native Police at Callandoon- A Blueprint for Forced Assimilation?
 | last = Copeland | first = Mark
 | publisher = [[Australian Institute of Criminology]] and [[Charles Sturt University]]
 | conference = History of Crime, Policing and Punishment Conference
 | pages = 1–13
 | url = http://www.aic.gov.au/media_library/conferences/hcpp/copland.pdf | url-status = dead
 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20140212104157/http://www.aic.gov.au/media_library/conferences/hcpp/copland.pdf
 | date = 9–10 December 1999 | access-date = 13 November 2017 | archive-date = 12 February 2014
}}
*{{Cite book| title = The native tribes of south-east Australia
 | last = Howitt | first = Alfred William | year = 1904
 | author-link = Alfred William Howitt
 | publisher = [[Macmillan Publishers|Macmillan]]
 | url = https://espace.library.uq.edu.au/view/UQ:319345/AU0094_NativeTribes_SE_Australia.pdf
 }}
*{{cite press release
 | title = Indigenous All Stars team named
 | publisher = National Rugby League
 | url = http://www.nrl.com/indigenous-all-stars-team-named/tabid/10976/newsid/65573/default.aspx
 | date = 7 December 2011
 | access-date = 14 May 2012
 | ref = {{harvid|NRL|2011}}
 | archive-date = 4 March 2012
 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120304183916/http://www.nrl.com/indigenous-all-stars-team-named/tabid/10976/newsid/65573/default.aspx
 | url-status = dead
 }}
*{{cite web| title = Kwiambal National Park
 | publisher = NSW National Parks & Wildlife Service
 | url = http://www.environment.nsw.gov.au/NationalParks/parkHeritage.aspx?id=N0156
 | access-date = 14 May 2012
 | ref = {{harvid|Kwiambal National Park}}
}}
*{{Cite journal | title = The Aboriginal languages of eastern Australia compared
 | last = Lauterer | first = J.
 | author-link = Joseph Lauterer
 | journal = [[Royal Society of Queensland|Proceedings of the Royal Society of Queensland]]
 | year = 1897 | volume = 12 | pages = 11–16
 | doi = 10.5962/p.351257 | s2cid = 257134113 | url = https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/13873565
| doi-access = free}}
*{{Cite journal | title = Ngarrabul and other aboriginal tribes: distribution of tribes
 | last = MacPherson | first = J.
 | journal = [[Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales]]
 | year = 1904 | volume = 29 | pages = 677–684
 | doi = 10.5962/bhl.part.20175 | url = https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/6327477
}}
*{{cite web| title = Map of NSW Aboriginal Languages
 | publisher = New South Wales Department of Aboriginal Affairs
 | url = http://www.alrrc.nsw.gov.au/default.aspx?nav_id=32 | url-status = dead
 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120327063707/http://www.alrrc.nsw.gov.au/default.aspx?nav_id=32
 | date = 14 May 2012 | access-date = 14 May 2012 | archive-date = 27 March 2012
 | ref = {{harvid|NSWDoAA|2012}}
}}
*{{Cite journal | title = Languages of some native tribes of Queensland, New South Wales, and Victoria
 | last = Mathews | first = R. H.
 | author-link = Robert Hamilton Mathews
 | journal = [[Royal Society of New South Wales|Proceedings of the Royal Society of New South Wales]]
 | year = 1902 | volume = 36 | pages = 135–190
 | doi = 10.5962/p.359384 | s2cid = 259672570 | url = http://nla.gov.au/nla.obj-52794484/view?partId=nla.obj-93947424#page/n9/mode/1up
| doi-access = free}}
*{{cite web| title = National Native Title Tribunal: Bigambul People Claimant application
 | publisher = [[National Native Title Tribunal]]
 | url = http://www.nntt.gov.au/applications/claimant/QC01_6.html | url-status = dead
 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20060902220747/http://www.nntt.gov.au/applications/claimant/QC01_6.html
 | access-date = 26 March 2006 | archive-date = 2 September 2006
 | ref = {{harvid|National Native Title Tribunal}}
}}
*{{Cite book| chapter = Journal of a Missionary Tour Among the Aborigines of the Western Interior of Queensland in the Year 1855
 | last = Ridley | first = William | year = 1861
 | author-link = William Ridley (Presbyterian missionary)
 | title = The Aborigines of Australia
 | editor-last = Lang | editor-first = Gideon S. | editor-link = Gideon Lang
 | publisher = Edward Stanford | location = London
 | chapter-url = https://espace.library.uq.edu.au/data/UQ_216484/AU4022_Queensland_Australia.pdf?
 | pages = 435–445
}}
*{{Cite book| chapter = Bigambul (QLD)
 | last = Tindale | first = Norman Barnett | year = 1974
 | author-link = Norman Tindale
 | title = Aboriginal Tribes of Australia: Their Terrain, Environmental Controls, Distribution, Limits, and Proper Names
 | publisher = [[Australian National University]]
 | chapter-url = http://archives.samuseum.sa.gov.au/tindaletribes/bigambul.htm
}}
*{{Cite journal | title = The Aborigines of Australia
 | last = Wyndham | first = W. T.
 | journal = [[Royal Society of New South Wales|Journal and Proceedings of the Royal Society of New South Wales]]
 | year = 1889 | volume = 23 | pages = 36–42
 | doi = 10.5962/p.359061 | s2cid = 259593957 | url = https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/42720099
| doi-access = free}}
{{refend}}

== External links ==
* [http://aiatsis.gov.au/sites/default/files/docs/collections/language_bibs/bigambul.pdf Bibliography of Bigambul people and language resources], at the [[Australian Institute of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Studies]]

{{Aboriginal peoples in New South Wales}}
{{Aboriginal peoples of Queensland}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Aboriginal peoples of New South Wales]]
[[Category:Aboriginal peoples of Queensland]]