View source for Bids for the 2008 Summer Olympics

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{{Infobox Olympic bid|2008|Summer|
|main = yes
|Paralympics = yes
|logo = Beijing 2008 Olympic bid logo.svg
|logo-size = 190px
|winner = Beijing
|votes1 = 56
|runner-up = Toronto
|votes2 = 22
|shortlisted1 = Paris
|shortlisted2 = Istanbul
|shortlisted3 = Osaka
|1stBid = February 1, 2000
|2ndBid = June 20, 2000
|shortlist = August 28, 2000
|decision = July 13, 2001
|notes = First election that used the two-phase bidding procedure <br>approved by the IOC at the 110th Session, in 1999.
}}
Ten cities submitted bids to host the [[2008 Summer Olympics]] and [[2008 Summer Paralympics|Paralympics]] that were recognized by the [[International Olympic Committee]] (IOC), five of which made the IOC Executive Committee's shortlist. The games were awarded to [[Beijing]], [[People's Republic of China|China]] on July 13, 2001. The other shortlisted cities were [[Toronto]], [[Paris]], [[Istanbul]] and [[Osaka]]. Beijing won an absolute majority of votes after two rounds of voting, eliminating the need for subsequent rounds of voting. IOC delegates and the media identified a number of factors in its favor, including the size of the country, improvements in Chinese anti-doping enforcement, and its close loss to [[Sydney]], [[Australia]] [[Bids for the 2000 Summer Olympics|eight years earlier]].<ref name="beijingchosen">{{Cite news|last=Longman|first=Jere|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2001/07/14/sports/olympics-beijing-wins-bid-for-2008-olympic-games.html|title=OLYMPICS; Beijing Wins Bid for 2008 Olympic Games|work=[[The New York Times]]|access-date=2009-06-11|date=2001-07-14}}</ref> In that bidding process, which chose the host city for the [[2000 Summer Olympics]], Beijing led every round of [[2000 Summer Olympics bids|voting]] but lost in the final round to Sydney by two votes.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1993/09/24/sports/olympics-2000-olympics-go-to-sydney-in-surprise-setback-for-china.html|title=Olympics; 2000 Olympics Go to Sydney In Surprise Setback for China|work=[[The New York Times]]|access-date=2009-06-05|author=Riding, Alan|date=1993-09-24}}</ref>

A number of politicians and non-governmental organizations criticized the Beijing bid and its selection due to concerns about China's [[Human rights in the People's Republic of China|human rights record]]. In response, supporters of the Beijing bid suggested that hosting the games might lead to "progress" on human rights and other issues. Some IOC delegates also expressed concerns about air pollution and heat in Beijing during the summer, and its effects on athletes participating in the games. In order to address such concerns, the Beijing bid included plans to reduce both air and water pollution in the city in advance of the games.<ref name=beijingchosen/>

==Bidding process==
The Olympic bidding process begins with the submission of a city's application to the [[International Olympic Committee]] (IOC) by its [[National Olympic Committee]] (NOC) and ends with the election of the host city by the members of the IOC during an ordinary session. The process is governed by the [[Olympic Charter]], as stated in Chapter 5, Rule 34.<ref name="Charter">{{cite book |url=http://multimedia.olympic.org/pdf/en_report_122.pdf |title=Olympic Charter |publisher=International Olympic Committee |access-date=2007-03-28 |date=2004-09-01 | archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20070412050132/http://multimedia.olympic.org/pdf/en_report_122.pdf| archive-date= 12 April 2007 | url-status= live}}</ref>

The bidding process for the 2008 Summer Olympics was the first in which the process consisted of two phases. Subsequent bidding processes have followed the same model. During the first phase, which begins immediately after the bid submission deadline, the "applicant cities" are required to answer a questionnaire covering themes of importance to a successful Games organisation. This information allows the IOC to analyse the cities' hosting capacities and the strengths and weaknesses of their plans. Following a detailed study of the submitted questionnaires and ensuing reports, the IOC Executive Board selects the cities that are qualified to proceed to the next phase. The second phase is the true candidature stage: the accepted applicant cities (from now on referred to as "candidate cities") are required to submit a second questionnaire in the form of an extended, more detailed, candidature file.<ref name="CityElectionProc">{{cite web |url=http://www.olympic.org/uk/organisation/missions/cities_uk.asp |title=Host City Election Procedure |publisher=International Olympic Committee |access-date=2007-03-28| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20070429123741/http://www.olympic.org/uk/organisation/missions/cities_uk.asp| archive-date= 29 April 2007 | url-status= live}}</ref> These files are carefully studied by the IOC Evaluation Commission, a group composed of IOC members, representatives of [[List of international sport federations|international sport federations]], NOCs, athletes, the [[International Paralympic Committee]], and international experts in various fields.<ref name="EvalCommis">{{cite web |url=http://www.olympic.org/uk/news/events/117_session/commission_uk.asp |title=Role and composition of the Evaluation Commission |work=117th IOC Session |publisher=International Olympic Committee |access-date=2007-03-28| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20070312015353/http://www.olympic.org/uk/news/events/117_session/commission_uk.asp| archive-date= 12 March 2007 | url-status= live}}</ref> The members of the Evaluation Commission then make four-day inspection visits to each of the candidate cities, where they check the proposed venues and are briefed about details of the themes covered in the candidature file. The Evaluation Commission communicates the results of its inspections in a report sent to the IOC members up to one month before the electing IOC Session.<ref name="CityElectionProc"/>

{{2008 Summer Olympics}}
{{2008 Summer Paralympics}}

The IOC Session in which a host city is elected takes place in a country that did not submit an application to stage the Olympics.<ref name="CityElectionProc"/> The election is made by the assembled active IOC members (excluding honorary and honour members), each possessing one vote. Members from countries that have a city taking part in the election cannot vote while the city is in the running. The voting is conducted in a succession of rounds until one bid achieves an [[absolute majority]] of votes; if this does not happen in the first round, the bid with the fewest votes is eliminated and another voting round begins. In the case of a tie for the lowest number of votes, a special runoff vote is carried out, with the winner proceeding to the next round. After each round, the eliminated bid is announced.<ref name="ElectionProc">{{cite web |url=http://www.olympic.org/uk/utilities/faq_detail_uk.asp?rdo_cat=24_55_0 |title=FAQ - ELECTION OF AN OLYMPIC GAMES HOST CITY - Host city election |publisher=International Olympic Committee |access-date=2007-03-28| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20070316161043/http://www.olympic.org/uk/utilities/faq_detail_uk.asp?rdo_cat=24_55_0| archive-date= 16 March 2007 | url-status= live}}</ref><ref name="SingElectionProc">{{cite web |url=http://www.olympic.org/uk/news/events/117_session/election_uk.asp |title=Election procedure |work=117th IOC Session |publisher=International Olympic Committee |access-date=2007-03-28| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20070418222006/http://www.olympic.org/uk/news/events/117_session/election_uk.asp| archive-date= 18 April 2007 | url-status= live}}</ref> Following the announcement of the host city, the successful bid delegation signs the "Host City Contract" with the IOC, which delegates the responsibilities of the Games organisation to the city and respective NOC.<ref name="HostCityContract">{{cite web |url=http://www.olympic.org/uk/organisation/ocog/index_uk.asp |title=The Organising Committees of the Olympic Games |work=The Movement |publisher=International Olympic Committee |access-date=2007-03-28| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20070322232756/http://www.olympic.org/uk/organisation/ocog/index_uk.asp| archive-date= 22 March 2007 | url-status= live}}</ref>

===Potential applicant cities===
A number of cities expressed some interest in bidding or were mentioned as potential bidders for the 2008 Summer Olympics, but did not do so. These bids were not internally selected by the NOC (in case of more than one bidding city from the same country), were not put forward to the IOC, were withdrawn before filing the necessary paperwork, or never rose above speculation. [[Rio de Janeiro]], [[Brazil]] received early funding to develop a bid for the 2008 Games but instead decided to bid for the 2012 games.<ref name=gamesbids/> [[Cape Town]], [[South Africa]] and [[Buenos Aires]], [[Argentina]] lost bids for the 2004 Summer Olympics and media reports suggested they might shift their bids to the 2008 Games, although they did not.<ref name="jtimes">{{cite news | title = Osaka named candidate for 2008 Olympic Games | publisher = The Japan Times | date = 1997-08-13 | url = http://search.japantimes.co.jp/cgi-bin/nn19970813a1.html | access-date = 2009-05-16}}</ref> [[Monterrey]], [[Mexico]] was in the earliest stages of organizing a bid but did not complete the process. Other cities hinted at submitting bids or were mentioned as possible bidders in media reports but did not do so, including: [[Lisbon]], [[Portugal]]; [[Krasnaya Polyana, Sochi, Krasnodar Krai|Krasnaya Polyana]], [[Russia]]; a joint [[Israel]]/[[Palestinian territories|Palestinian]] bid;<ref name="gamesbids">{{cite web | title = Archive - 2008 Olympic Bid Applicants | publisher = gamesbids.com | url = http://www.gamesbids.com/english/archives/former2008.shtml | access-date = 2009-05-15}}</ref> [[New York City]], [[United States]];<ref>{{cite web|url= https://www.nytimes.com/1996/06/23/nyregion/new-york-city-studies-bid-for-olympics.html|title= New York City Studies Bid For Olympics|work=[[The New York Times]]|date=13 June 1996}}</ref> [[Prague]], [[Czech Republic]]; [[Busan]], [[South Korea]]; [[Vancouver|Vancouver, British Columbia]], [[Canada]] (Vancouver was bidding for the [[2010 Winter Olympics]]); and [[Moscow]], Russia.<ref name=jtimes/>

===Evaluation of applicant cities===
<!-- Deleted image removed: [[File:Bangkok 2008 Olympic bid logo.gif|thumb|Logo of the [[Bangkok]] bid]] -->
Ten cities applied to host the 2008 Summer Olympics. Applicant cities were required to submit responses to a written questionnaire by June 20, 2000. They were also given documents outlining the selection process and the IOC's Code of Ethics.<ref name="applicants">{{cite news | title = Cities Applying to Host Olympic Games Ought to Pass Examinations First | publisher = People's Daily Online | url = http://english.peopledaily.com.cn/english/200002/25/print20000225W122.html | access-date = 2009-06-15}}</ref> The IOC Candidature Acceptance Working Group analyzed the responses and quantified the applicant's potential to be a host city based on eleven criteria: government support and public opinion, general infrastructure, sports infrastructure, olympic village, environmental conditions and impact, accommodation, transport, security, experience from past sports events, finance, and the general concept. Each of these criteria was given a weight which was then used to calculate an overall score for that applicant city. If a city did not get a final score of at least 6 out of 10, they would not be recommended for candidature.<ref name="workinggroup">{{cite web | author = IOC Candidature Acceptance Working Group | title = Candidate Acceptance Procedure: Games of the XXIX Olympiad 2008 | publisher = International Olympic Committee | date = 2000-08-18 | url = http://www.olympic.org/common/asp/download_report.asp?file=en_report_287.pdf&id=287 | format = PDF | access-date = 2009-06-15}}</ref>

In its final report, the Candidature Acceptance Working Group recommended only four cities as meeting the minimum standard for being a host city, as denoted by a score of 6 on their scale. These cities were [[Beijing]], [[People's Republic of China|China]]; [[Osaka]], [[Japan]]; [[Paris]], [[France]]; and [[Toronto|Toronto, Ontario]], [[Canada]].<ref name=workinggroup/> The IOC Executive Committee received this report and met on August 28, 2000 to decide which applicant cities would become candidate cities.<ref name=applicants/> When they met, the Executive Committee chose to promote five cities to candidature, the four recommended by the Working Group as well as [[Istanbul]], [[Turkey]]. As stipulated, the IOC granted them the right to use the [[Olympic rings]] on their candidature emblem, together with a label identifying each as a Candidate City.{{Ref_label|A|a|a}} The following five cities which submitted bids did not make the IOC's short list:<ref name="evalcom">{{cite web | title = Report of the IOC Evaluation Commission for the Games of the XXIX Olympiad in 2008 | publisher = International Olympic Committee | date = 2000-08-18 | url = https://doc.rero.ch/record/20222/files/2008_-_Rapport_du_groupe_de_travail_du_cio_pour_acceptation_des_candidatures_-_eng.pdf | access-date = 2014-07-13}}</ref>
*{{flagicon|Thailand}} [[Bangkok]], Thailand
*{{flagicon|Egypt}} [[Cairo]], Egypt
*{{flagicon|Cuba}} [[Havana]], Cuba
*{{flagicon|Malaysia}} [[Kuala Lumpur]], Malaysia
*{{flagicon|Spain}} [[Seville]], Spain

{| class="wikitable" style="margin:1em auto; width: 1090px; text-align:center; font-size:90%"
|+ Table of scores given by the IOC Working Group to assess the quality and feasibility of the 2008 Applicant cities
|-
! rowspan="3" | Criteria
! width="50px" rowspan="3" | Weight
! width="70px" colspan="2" valign="bottom" | [[Bangkok]]
! width="70px" colspan="2" valign="bottom" | [[Beijing]]
! width="60px" colspan="2" valign="bottom" | [[Cairo]]
! width="70px" colspan="2" valign="bottom" | [[Havana]]
! width="70px" colspan="2" valign="bottom" | [[Istanbul]]
! width="90px" colspan="2" valign="bottom" | [[Kuala Lumpur]]
! width="70px" colspan="2" valign="bottom" | [[Osaka]]
! width="70px" colspan="2" valign="bottom" | [[Paris]]
! width="70px" colspan="2" valign="bottom" | [[Seville]]
! width="70px" colspan="2" valign="bottom" | [[Toronto]]
|-
! colspan="2" | {{flag|THA}}
! colspan="2" | {{flag|CHN}}
! colspan="2" | {{flag|EGY}}
! colspan="2" | {{flag|CUB}}
! colspan="2" | {{flag|TUR}}
! colspan="2" | {{flag|MAS}}
! colspan="2" | {{flag|JPN}}
! colspan="2" | {{flag|FRA}}
! colspan="2" | {{flag|ESP}}
! colspan="2" | {{flag|CAN}}
|-
!width="25px" | <small>Min</small>
!width="25px" | <small>Max</small>
!width="25px" | <small>Min</small>
!width="25px" | <small>Max</small>
!width="25px" | <small>Min</small>
!width="25px" | <small>Max</small>
!width="25px" | <small>Min</small>
!width="25px" | <small>Max</small>
!width="25px" | <small>Min</small>
!width="25px" | <small>Max</small>
!width="25px" | <small>Min</small>
!width="25px" | <small>Max</small>
!width="25px" | <small>Min</small>
!width="25px" | <small>Max</small>
!width="25px" | <small>Min</small>
!width="25px" | <small>Max</small>
!width="25px" | <small>Min</small>
!width="25px" | <small>Max</small>
!width="25px" | <small>Min</small>
!width="25px" | <small>Max</small>
|-
|align="left" | <small>Accommodation</small>
| '''5'''
| style="background: #d5e5ff" | 10.0
| style="background: #d5e5ff" | 10.0
| style="background: #d5e5ff" | 9.8
| style="background: #d5e5ff" | 10.0
| style="background: #ffd5e5" | 4.4
| style="background: #ffd5e5" | 4.6
| style="background: #ffd5e5" | 3.2
| style="background: #ffd5e5" | 3.9
| style="background: #ffd5e5" | 5.9
| style="background: #d5e5ff" | 6.5
| style="background: #ffd5e5" | 5.1
| style="background: #ffd5e5" | 5.4
| style="background: #d5e5ff" | 9.6
| style="background: #d5e5ff" | 9.8
| style="background: #d5e5ff" | 10.0
| style="background: #d5e5ff" | 10.0
| style="background: #ffd5e5" | 3.6
| style="background: #ffd5e5" | 3.9
| style="background: #d5e5ff" | 7.7
| style="background: #d5e5ff" | 7.9
|-
|align="left" | <small>Environmental conditions and impact</small>
| '''2'''
| style="background: #ffd5e5" | 4.3
| style="background: #d5e5ff" | 6.2
| style="background: #ffd5e5" | 5.3
| style="background: #d5e5ff" | 6.8
| style="background: #ffd5e5" | 2.8
| style="background: #ffd5e5" | 3.8
| style="background: #ffd5e5" | 4.3
| style="background: #ffd5e5" | 5.3
| style="background: #ffd5e5" | 5.8
| style="background: #d5e5ff" | 7.2
| style="background: #ffd5e5" | 3.0
| style="background: #ffd5e5" | 4.8
| style="background: #d5e5ff" | 7.0
| style="background: #d5e5ff" | 8.0
| style="background: #d5e5ff" | 7.0
| style="background: #d5e5ff" | 8.0
| style="background: #ffd5e5" | 5.0
| style="background: #d5e5ff" | 6.8
| style="background: #d5e5ff" | 7.5
| style="background: #d5e5ff" | 8.2
|-
|align="left" | <small>Experience from past sports events</small>
| '''2'''
| style="background: #d5e5ff" | 6.0
| style="background: #d5e5ff" | 7.0
| style="background: #d5e5ff" | 6.0
| style="background: #d5e5ff" | 7.0
| style="background: #ffd5e5" | 5.0
| style="background: #d5e5ff" | 7.0
| style="background: #ffd5e5" | 5.0
| style="background: #d5e5ff" | 7.0
| style="background: #ffd5e5" | 4.5
| style="background: #d5e5ff" | 6.5
| style="background: #ffd5e5" | 5.0
| style="background: #d5e5ff" | 7.0
| style="background: #d5e5ff" | 7.5
| style="background: #d5e5ff" | 8.5
| style="background: #d5e5ff" | 8.5
| style="background: #d5e5ff" | 9.5
| style="background: #d5e5ff" | 7.5
| style="background: #d5e5ff" | 8.5
| style="background: #d5e5ff" | 7.0
| style="background: #d5e5ff" | 8.5
|-
|align="left" | <small>General infrastructure</small>
| '''5'''
| style="background: #ffd5e5" | 1.5
| style="background: #ffd5e5" | 3.2
| style="background: #ffd5e5" | 3.8
| style="background: #ffd5e5" | 5.4
| style="background: #ffd5e5" | 0.6
| style="background: #ffd5e5" | 2.3
| style="background: #ffd5e5" | 0.6
| style="background: #ffd5e5" | 1.3
| style="background: #ffd5e5" | 3.7
| style="background: #ffd5e5" | 4.6
| style="background: #ffd5e5" | 4.5
| style="background: #d5e5ff" | 6.7
| style="background: #d5e5ff" | 7.1
| style="background: #d5e5ff" | 8.0
| style="background: #d5e5ff" | 7.6
| style="background: #d5e5ff" | 8.5
| style="background: #ffd5e5" | 3.5
| style="background: #ffd5e5" | 5.0
| style="background: #d5e5ff" | 6.3
| style="background: #d5e5ff" | 7.6
|-
|align="left" | <small>Government support, public opinion</small>
| '''1'''
| style="background: #ffd5e5" | 5.3
| style="background: #d5e5ff" | 6.0
| style="background: #d5e5ff" | 6.8
| style="background: #d5e5ff" | 7.4
| style="background: #ffd5e5" | 5.4
| style="background: #d5e5ff" | 6.1
| style="background: #ffd5e5" | 5.3
| style="background: #d5e5ff" | 6.0
| style="background: #d5e5ff" | 6.1
| style="background: #d5e5ff" | 6.7
| style="background: #ffd5e5" | 5.1
| style="background: #ffd5e5" | 5.7
| style="background: #d5e5ff" | 6.7
| style="background: #d5e5ff" | 6.7
| style="background: #d5e5ff" | 6.7
| style="background: #d5e5ff" | 6.7
| style="background: #d5e5ff" | 6.7
| style="background: #d5e5ff" | 6.7
| style="background: #d5e5ff" | 6.8
| style="background: #d5e5ff" | 7.5
|-
|align="left" | <small>Olympic Village</small>
| '''4'''
| style="background: #ffd5e5" | 5.3
| style="background: #d5e5ff" | 6.8
| style="background: #d5e5ff" | 8.0
| style="background: #d5e5ff" | 9.0
| style="background: #ffd5e5" | 4.4
| style="background: #d5e5ff" | 6.5
| style="background: #d5e5ff" | 6.8
| style="background: #d5e5ff" | 8.1
| style="background: #ffd5e5" | 5.5
| style="background: #d5e5ff" | 7.2
| style="background: #ffd5e5" | 5.3
| style="background: #d5e5ff" | 6.8
| style="background: #ffd5e5" | 5.8
| style="background: #d5e5ff" | 8.2
| style="background: #d5e5ff" | 7.2
| style="background: #d5e5ff" | 8.7
| style="background: #d5e5ff" | 7.2
| style="background: #d5e5ff" | 8.6
| style="background: #ffd5e5" | 5.9
| style="background: #d5e5ff" | 8.0
|-
|align="left" | <small>General concept</small>
| '''3'''
| style="background: #ffd5e5" | 4.0
| style="background: #ffd5e5" | 5.0
| style="background: #d5e5ff" | 7.0
| style="background: #d5e5ff" | 8.0
| style="background: #ffd5e5" | 4.0
| style="background: #ffd5e5" | 5.0
| style="background: #ffd5e5" | 4.0
| style="background: #ffd5e5" | 5.0
| style="background: #d5e5ff" | 6.0
| style="background: #d5e5ff" | 7.0
| style="background: #ffd5e5" | 3.0
| style="background: #ffd5e5" | 5.0
| style="background: #d5e5ff" | 6.0
| style="background: #d5e5ff" | 7.0
| style="background: #d5e5ff" | 8.0
| style="background: #d5e5ff" | 9.0
| style="background: #ffd5e5" | 4.0
| style="background: #d5e5ff" | 7.0
| style="background: #d5e5ff" | 6.0
| style="background: #d5e5ff" | 8.0
|-
|align="left" | <small>Security</small>
| '''3'''
| style="background: #ffd5e5" | 5.4
| style="background: #d5e5ff" | 7.3
| style="background: #d5e5ff" | 6.4
| style="background: #d5e5ff" | 7.7
| style="background: #ffd5e5" | 4.9
| style="background: #d5e5ff" | 6.4
| style="background: #d5e5ff" | 6.3
| style="background: #d5e5ff" | 7.0
| style="background: #ffd5e5" | 5.7
| style="background: #d5e5ff" | 7.1
| style="background: #d5e5ff" | 6.1
| style="background: #d5e5ff" | 7.1
| style="background: #d5e5ff" | 7.4
| style="background: #d5e5ff" | 8.7
| style="background: #d5e5ff" | 7.0
| style="background: #d5e5ff" | 8.4
| style="background: #d5e5ff" | 6.6
| style="background: #d5e5ff" | 7.9
| style="background: #d5e5ff" | 8.0
| style="background: #d5e5ff" | 9.0
|-
|align="left" | <small>Sports infrastructure</small>
| '''4'''
| style="background: #ffd5e5" | 3.6
| style="background: #ffd5e5" | 5.9
| style="background: #d5e5ff" | 6.3
| style="background: #d5e5ff" | 7.9
| style="background: #ffd5e5" | 3.1
| style="background: #d5e5ff" | 6.3
| style="background: #ffd5e5" | 2.0
| style="background: #ffd5e5" | 5.3
| style="background: #ffd5e5" | 5.9
| style="background: #d5e5ff" | 7.9
| style="background: #ffd5e5" | 3.1
| style="background: #ffd5e5" | 4.6
| style="background: #d5e5ff" | 6.0
| style="background: #d5e5ff" | 8.0
| style="background: #d5e5ff" | 7.2
| style="background: #d5e5ff" | 8.5
| style="background: #d5e5ff" | 6.5
| style="background: #d5e5ff" | 7.8
| style="background: #d5e5ff" | 7.2
| style="background: #d5e5ff" | 8.6
|-
|align="left" | <small>Transport infrastructure</small>
| '''4'''
| style="background: #ffd5e5" | 3.7
| style="background: #ffd5e5" | 5.4
| style="background: #d5e5ff" | 6.3
| style="background: #d5e5ff" | 7.6
| style="background: #ffd5e5" | 3.7
| style="background: #ffd5e5" | 4.7
| style="background: #ffd5e5" | 3.6
| style="background: #ffd5e5" | 5.3
| style="background: #d5e5ff" | 6.1
| style="background: #d5e5ff" | 7.6
| style="background: #ffd5e5" | 5.6
| style="background: #d5e5ff" | 7.4
| style="background: #d5e5ff" | 6.9
| style="background: #d5e5ff" | 7.9
| style="background: #d5e5ff" | 7.7
| style="background: #d5e5ff" | 9.0
| style="background: #ffd5e5" | 4.2
| style="background: #d5e5ff" | 6.4
| style="background: #d5e5ff" | 7.5
| style="background: #d5e5ff" | 8.7
|-
|}

===Evaluation of candidate cities===
Each of the five candidate cities was then evaluated by the IOC's fourteen member Evaluation Commission, chaired by [[Hein Verbruggen]]. These evaluations included site visits to each of the host cities and analysis of each city's potential across 18 themes. The four-day-long visits occurred between February 21 and March 28, 2001, with visits to each specific city on the following dates:<ref>{{cite web | title = Report of the IOC Evaluation Commission for the Games of the XXIX Olympiad in 2008 | publisher = [[International Olympic Committee]] | date = 2001-04-03 | url = http://www.olympic.org/Documents/Reports/EN/en_report_299.pdf | access-date = 2014-07-27}}</ref>
*{{flagicon|China}} [[Beijing]] — February 21–24
*{{flagicon|Japan}} [[Osaka]] — February 26–March 1
*{{flagicon|Canada}} [[Toronto]] — March 8–11
*{{flagicon|Turkey}} [[Istanbul]] — March 21–24
*{{flagicon|France}} [[Paris]] — March 26–29
The Commission attempted to identify any major risks the IOC would be taking if each city were chosen to host the Games. In its final report, the Commission refrained from ranking each of the cities or identifying a favorite. Instead, they identified three cities as excellent candidates; Beijing, Paris, and Toronto. In effect, the commission recommended each of these cities equally. In rejecting Istanbul, they expressed concerns about the ability of the city to coordinate financing and construction of infrastructure. In particular, they were concerned that the plans for transportation infrastructure improvements would be difficult to achieve. Osaka was also not rated excellent due to concerns about financing and traffic congestion.<ref name=evalcom/>

Their report was submitted to the IOC President and Executive Committee on May 15, 2001. Following that meeting, an anonymous document circulated that claimed IOC President [[Juan Antonio Samaranch]] had inappropriately placed pressure on the Evaluation Commission during the drafting of its report. An IOC press release on June 13, 2001 categorically denied those rumors.<ref>{{cite press release | title = ELECTION OF HOST CITY 2008: DOCUMENT CIRCULATING IS BLATANT FORGERY | publisher = International Olympic Committee | date = 2001-07-13 | url = http://moscow2001.olympic.org/en/session/communiques/archives10.html | access-date = 2009-06-15 | url-status = dead | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20060512041823/http://www.moscow2001.olympic.org/en/session/communiques/archives10.html | archive-date = 2006-05-12 }}</ref>

===Final selection process===
The 112th session of the IOC, where the decision about the host city took place, was held in [[Moscow]], [[Russia]] from July 13–16, 2001. Voting on the question of the host city took place on July 13, 2001. Presentations of the candidate cities began at 9:30 AM [[Moscow Time|MSK]] ([[UTC+04:00]]) in the Congress Hall of Moscow's World Trade Center. This was followed by the official presentation of the Evaluation Committee report to the IOC delegates and, soon after, the delegates began casting their votes.<ref>{{cite web | title = 112th IOC Session: Program from 9–16 July | publisher = International Olympic Committee | url = http://moscow2001.olympic.org/en/session/programme.html | access-date = 2009-05-16 | url-status = dead | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20071110015713/http://moscow2001.olympic.org/en/session/programme.html | archive-date = 2007-11-10 }}</ref> Of the 122 members of the IOC at the time, 105 were eligible to vote in the first round. Members who were not present or who represented countries with candidate cities were not allowed by IOC rules to vote. However, after the elimination of a city in each round, members who had previously been barred from voting due to that city's candidacy were allowed to vote in subsequent rounds. The IOC members who were unable to vote included:<ref name="procedure">{{cite web | title = Election Procedure | publisher = International Olympic Committee | url = http://moscow2001.olympic.org/en/2008/procedure.html | access-date = 2009-06-15 | url-status = dead | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20091005005729/http://moscow2001.olympic.org/en/2008/procedure.html | archive-date = 2009-10-05 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | title = List of IOC Members by Continent | publisher = International Olympic Committee | year = 2001 | url = http://moscow2001.olympic.org/en/pdf/members_by_continent.pdf | access-date = 2009-06-15 | url-status = dead | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20090324234948/http://moscow2001.olympic.org/en/pdf/members_by_continent.pdf | archive-date = 2009-03-24 }}</ref>

{| class="wikitable"
!colspan=2| IOC members unable to vote in the 2008 Host City Election (17)
|-
! Members from countries<br />with candidate cities (13)!! Absent members (4)
|- valign=top
|width=50%|
* {{flagicon|CAN}} [[Charmaine Crooks]]
* {{flagicon|CAN}} [[Paul Henderson]]
* {{flagicon|CAN}} [[Richard W. Pound]]
* {{flagicon|CAN}} [[Robert Steadward]]
* {{flagicon|CHN}} [[He Zhenliang]]
* {{flagicon|CHN}} [[Lu Chengrong]]
* {{flagicon|CHN}} [[Yu Zaiqing]]
* {{flagicon|FRA}} [[Guy Drut]]
* {{flagicon|FRA}} [[Jean-Claude Killy]]
* {{flagicon|FRA}} [[Henri Sérandour]]
* {{flagicon|JPN}} [[Chiharu Igaya]]
* {{flagicon|JPN}} [[Shunichiro Okano]]
* {{flagicon|TUR}} [[Sinan Erdem]]
|width=50%|
* {{flagicon|CZE}} [[Věra Čáslavská]]
* {{flagicon|BEL}} [[Alexandre de Merode]]
* {{flagicon|INA}} [[Mohamad Bob Hasan]]
* {{flagicon|CIV}} [[Lassana Palenfo]]
|}

At the end of the first round of voting, only [[Beijing]], [[Toronto]], [[Paris]], and [[Istanbul]] remained; [[Osaka]] was eliminated after having received only six votes. Beijing had opened a wide lead, however, receiving more than double the number of votes received by second place Toronto. In the second round, Beijing received enough votes to have an absolute majority (possibly due to the Osaka supporters switching to its side) and no subsequent rounds of voting were required. The results of the second round were as follows: Beijing garnered 56 votes, Toronto 22, Paris 18, and Istanbul 9. According to IOC rules Beijing at that point became the official host city for the 2008 Summer Olympics. Results from the two rounds of voting were as follows:<ref name="Election">{{cite web|url = http://www.olympic.org/uk/games/beijing/election_uk.asp |title = Beijing 2008: Election |publisher = International Olympic Committee |access-date = 2006-12-18| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20061205234608/http://olympic.org/uk/games/beijing/election_uk.asp| archive-date= 5 December 2006 | url-status= live}}</ref>

{| class=wikitable
|-
!colspan=6 align=center| 2008 Host City Election — ballot results
|-
! City
! Country (NOC)
|bgcolor=silver| '''Round 1'''
|bgcolor=silver| '''Round 2'''
|-
| [[Beijing 2008 Olympic bid|Beijing]] || {{CHN}} || '''44''' || '''56'''
|-
| [[Toronto]] || {{CAN}} || 20 || 22
|-
| [[Paris]] || {{FRA}} || 15 || 18
|-
| [[Istanbul]] || {{TUR}} || 17 || 9
|-
| [[Osaka]] || {{JPN}} || 6 || —
|}

==Bidding cities==

===Candidate cities===
{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders"
|-
! style="background-color: #BFD7FF" | Logo
! style="background-color: #BFD7FF" width="20%" | City
! style="background-color: #BFD7FF" width="20%" | Country
! style="background-color: #BFD7FF" width="40%" | National Olympic Committee
! style="background-color: #BFD7FF" width="20%" | Result
|-
| style="text-align:center" scope="row" rowspan="2" |[[File:Beijing 2008 Olympic bid logo.svg|110px]]

! style="text-align:center" scope="row" | '''[[Beijing]]'''
! scope="row" | {{Flag|China}}
! style="text-align:center" scope="row" | [[Chinese Olympic Committee]] (CHN)
! style="text-align:center" scope="row" | Winner
|-
| colspan="4" style="text-align: left" | 

Beijing 2008 was the successful bid for the [[2008 Summer Olympics]]. Eight years earlier, Beijing proposed a competitive [[2000 Summer Olympics bids|bid]] to host the [[2000 Summer Olympics]], losing to [[Sydney]], Australia. The selection of Sydney was an upset, as Beijing led in the first three rounds of voting that year and lost in the final round by only two votes. The loss was despite intense lobbying of the IOC by China.Despite,had a better project,news reports at the time suggested that Sydney won the process because it seen as safe choice; criticism of China's human rights record and concerns about its lack of experience in hosting major sporting events,some IOC members seen this proposol as risky.<ref>{{cite news | last = Riding | first = Alan | title = OLYMPICS; 2000 Olympics Go to Sydney In Surprise Setback for China | work=The New York Times| date = 1993-09-24 | url = https://www.nytimes.com/1993/09/24/sports/olympics-2000-olympics-go-to-sydney-in-surprise-setback-for-china.html | access-date = 2009-06-15}}</ref> By contrast, during the 2008 bid and after its selection as a host city, Chinese officials suggested that hosting the games would actually improve China's human rights record.<ref name="beijingchosen"/> The IOC Evaluation Committee report emphasized strong public support, guarantees of construction of venues, and strong government support as strengths of the Beijing bid. They also lauded the city's plan for addressing its pollution problems, particularly with air pollution, in the lead-up to the Games.<ref name=evalcom/>
|-
! colspan="5" style="background-color: #BFD7FF" | 
|-
| style="text-align:center" scope="row" rowspan="2" |

! style="text-align:center" scope="row" | '''[[Toronto]]'''
! scope="row" | {{Flag|Canada}}
! style="text-align:center" scope="row" | [[Canadian Olympic Committee]] (COC)
! style="text-align:center" scope="row" | First runner-up
|-
| colspan="4" style="text-align: left" |  {{main|Toronto bid for the 2008 Summer Olympics}}
The city of [[Toronto|Toronto, Ontario]], Canada submitted a bid for the games, and received the second most votes. Two years after Toronto lost the bid, [[Vancouver]] was later selected to host the [[2010 Winter Olympics]].
|-
! colspan="5" style="background-color: #BFD7FF" |
|-
| style="text-align:center" scope="row" rowspan="2" | 
! style="text-align:center" scope="row" | '''[[Paris]]'''
! scope="row" | {{Flag|France}}
! style="text-align:center" scope="row" | [[French Olympic Committee|French National Olympic and Sports Committee]] (CNOSF)
! style="text-align:center" scope="row" | Second runner-up.
|-
| colspan="4" style="text-align: left" | {{main|Paris bid for the 2008 Summer Olympics}}
The city of [[Paris]], France submitted a bid for the games, and received the third most votes. Paris would go on to land the [[2024 Summer Olympics]].
|-
! colspan="5" style="background-color: #BFD7FF" | 
|-
| style="text-align:center" scope="row" rowspan="2" |[[File:Istanbul 2008 Olympic bid logo.png|110px|Logo of Istanbul's campaign.]]
! style="text-align:center" scope="row" | '''[[Istanbul]]'''
! scope="row" | {{Flag|Turkey}}
! style="text-align:center" scope="row" | [[Turkish Olympic Committee]] (TMOK)
! style="text-align:center" scope="row" | Third runner-up
|-
| colspan="4" style="text-align: left" | The city of [[Istanbul]], Turkey submitted a bid for the games, and received the fourth most votes.
|-
! colspan="5" style="background-color: #BFD7FF" | 
|-
| style="text-align:center" scope="row" rowspan="2" |

! style="text-align:center" scope="row" | '''[[Osaka]]'''
! scope="row" | {{Flag|Japan}}
! style="text-align:center" scope="row" | [[Japanese Olympic Committee]] (JOC)
! style="text-align:center" scope="row" | Fourth runner-up
|-
| colspan="4" style="text-align: left" | {{main|Osaka bid for the 2008 Summer Olympics}}

The city of [[Osaka]], Japan submitted a bid for the games, and received the fifth most votes. Twelve years after Osaka lost the bid, [[Tokyo]] was later chosen to host the [[2020 Summer Olympics]].
|-
! colspan="5" style="background-color: #BFD7FF" | 
|}

==Criticism of Beijing's selection==
While many nations praised the choice of Beijing, opposing groups objected arguing that [[human rights in the People's Republic of China|China's human rights issues]] made it unfit for the honor. The [[European Parliament]] issued a resolution<ref>{{Cite web |title=European Parliament resolution on Beijing's bid to host the 2008 Olympic Games |url=https://www.europarl.europa.eu/omk/omnsapir.so/pv2?PRG=DOCPV&APP=PV2&SDOCTA=16&TXTLST=1&TPV=PROV&POS=1&Type_Doc=RESOL&DATE=050701&DATEF=010705&TYPEF=TITRE&PrgPrev=PRG@TITRE%7cAPP@PV2%7cTYPEF@TITRE%7cYEAR@01%7cFind@olympic%7cFILE@BIBLIO01%7cPLAGE@1&LANGUE=EN |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090222000119/http://www.europarl.europa.eu/omk/omnsapir.so/pv2?PRG=DOCPV&APP=PV2&SDOCTA=16&TXTLST=1&TPV=PROV&POS=1&Type_Doc=RESOL&DATE=050701&DATEF=010705&TYPEF=TITRE&PrgPrev=PRG@TITRE%7CAPP@PV2%7CTYPEF@TITRE%7CYEAR@01%7CFind@olympic%7CFILE@BIBLIO01%7CPLAGE@1&LANGUE=EN |archive-date=22 February 2009 |website=europarl.europa.eu}}</ref> on Beijing's bid to host the 2008 Summer Olympics. To quell concerns over this, Beijing chose the motto of "'''New Beijing, Great Olympics'''" in order to emphasize the country's movement towards new ideals for the new millennium.

In its bid for the Summer Olympics made in 2001, the [[People's Republic of China|PRC]] made several promises to the [[IOC]] regarding improvements with [[human rights]], [[Freedom of press|press freedoms]], and [[Environmentalism|environmental concerns]]. However, it was widely reported by western media sources that China failed to live up to the guarantees it made in order to bolster its chances of winning the bid for the games.<ref name="reuters1">{{cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/sportsNews/idUSHKG8344020080728?feedType=RSS&feedName=sportsNews|title=Amnesty slams China's broken Olympics promises | work= Reuters | date=2008-07-28}}</ref>

Beijing Olympic bid chief Wang Wei stated in 2001:

{{quote|We will give the media complete freedom to report when they come to China... We are confident that the Games coming to China not only promote our economy but also enhances all social conditions, including education, health and human rights."<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.cnn.com/2008/TECH/07/30/olympics.internet.ap/index.html?iref=newssearch |title=China censoring Internet access at Olympics - CNN.com |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080823215058/http://www.cnn.com/2008/TECH/07/30/olympics.internet.ap/index.html?iref=newssearch |archive-date=August 23, 2008 }}</ref>}}

However, the human rights group [[Amnesty International]] released a statement marking the 10-day countdown to the games stating that:

{{quote|The Chinese authorities have broken their promise to improve the country’s human rights situation and betrayed the core values of the Olympics. There has been no progress towards fulfilling these promises, only continued deterioration. Unless the authorities make a swift change of direction, the legacy of the Beijing Olympics will not be positive for [[human rights in China]]."<ref name="reuters1"/>}}

Though the PRC publicly claimed in 2001 that it would improve human rights in China, Amnesty International stated in 2008 that, "In the run-up to the Olympics, the Chinese authorities have locked up, put under house arrest and forcibly removed individuals they believe may threaten the image of “stability” and “harmony” they want to present to the world. They must release all imprisoned peaceful activists, allow foreign and national journalists to report freely and make further progress towards the elimination of the death penalty."<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.amnesty.org/en/news-and-updates/report/chinese-authorities-broken-promises-threaten-olympic-legacy-20080728|title=Chinese authorities' broken promises threaten Olympic legacy | publisher =Amnesty International}}</ref> In late July, U.S. senator [[Sam Brownback]] announced that he had received evidence (in the form of an official memo from China's [[Public security bureau (China)|Public Security Bureau]]) that foreign-owned hotels in China had been ordered by the Chinese government to comply with electronic surveillance of guests by installing special equipment (called the Security Management System for Internet Access from Public Places), or face "severe retaliation."<ref>{{cite web|url=http://afp.google.com/article/ALeqM5gAkDaSkHWHboscdhQZwdRBt6Hznw |title=AFP: China plans to spy on Olympic hotel guests: US senator |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090109181016/http://afp.google.com/article/ALeqM5gAkDaSkHWHboscdhQZwdRBt6hZnw |archive-date=January 9, 2009 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.latimes.com/news/nationworld/world/la-fg-olyspy30-2008jul30,0,5823677.story|title=Sen. Brownback says China monitoring Internet access in hotels - Los Angeles Times | date=2008-07-30}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://ap.google.com/article/ALeqM5jiZadkVJSv7CQ7lHqBOIlkTqVmzgD927QP880 |title=The Associated Press: Senator: China spying on Internet use in hotels |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080826111343/http://ap.google.com/article/ALeqM5jiZadkVJSv7CQ7lHqBOIlkTqVmzgD927QP880 |archive-date=August 26, 2008 }}</ref>
On July 30, 2008, the [[US House of Representatives]] passed a resolution by 419 votes to 1 that called for immediate action to stop the arrests of civil activists and Tibetans and to put pressure on China to stop supporting Burma and Sudan.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2008/jul/31/olympics?gusrc=rss&feed=networkfront|title=China accuses US of trying to sabotage Olympics | work=The Guardian | location=London | first=Jonathan | last=Watts | date=2008-07-31 | access-date=2010-04-26}}</ref>

Despite initial guarantees of total press freedom by the PRC in 2001, and assurances from the IOC in early 2008 that journalists would have unfettered access to the internet, the [[Beijing Organizing Committee for the Olympic Games]] announced in late July that China would allow only "convenient" access &mdash;still blocking web sites the [[People's Republic of China|PRC]] deemed inappropriate, particularly those critical of China's involvement in [[2008 Tibetan unrest|Tibet]], [[Darfur conflict|Darfur]], [[2007 Burmese anti-government protests|Burma]], the [[Tiananmen Square Massacre|1989 protests at Tiananmen Square]],<ref>{{cite magazine |url=http://www.time.com/time/world/article/0,8599,1826710,00.html?xid=feed-cnn-topics |magazine=Time |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080826121852/http://www.time.com/time/world/article/0%2C8599%2C1826710%2C00.html?xid=feed-cnn-topics |archive-date=August 26, 2008 |title=Chinese Paper Censored for Tiananmen Photo}}</ref> and [[HIV/AIDS]] issues in China, as well as its crackdown on spiritual groups such as [[Falun Gong]]. Chinese authorities have also blocked passports for foreign journalists. The government justified these actions by claiming that these journalists were planning to report on political topics rather than the Olympics, and stated on July 31 that "The Chinese government won't allow the spread of any information that is forbidden by law or harms national interests on the Internet."<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.cnn.com/2008/TECH/07/31/olympics.fallguy.ap/index.html |title=Olympic official feels like 'fall guy' over Web ban - CNN.com |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080910173920/http://www.cnn.com/2008/TECH/07/31/olympics.fallguy.ap/index.html |archive-date=September 10, 2008 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.businessweek.com/globalbiz/content/jul2008/gb20080731_410483.htm?chan=top+news_top+news+index_global+business|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080822014047/http://www.businessweek.com/globalbiz/content/jul2008/gb20080731_410483.htm?chan=top+news_top+news+index_global+business|url-status=dead|archive-date=August 22, 2008|title=NGOs: China Is Breaking Olympics Promises}}</ref>
The [[NGO]], [[Human Rights Watch]] has alleged that China has failed to keep its press freedom promise,<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2008/07/09/sports/olympics/09beijing.html?ref=olympics|title=Two Concerns for Olympics - Air and Access - NYTimes.com | work=The New York Times | first=Jim | last=Yardley | date=2008-07-09 | access-date=2010-04-26}}</ref> and one [[IOC]] committee member commented anonymously that "Had the I.O.C....known seven years ago that there would be severe restrictions...then I seriously doubt whether Beijing would have been awarded the Olympics".<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2008/07/21/sports/olympics/21nbc.html?hp|title=Networks Fight Shorter Olympic Leash - NYTimes.com | work=The New York Times | first=Brian | last=Stelter | date=2008-07-21 | access-date=2010-04-26}}</ref>

On August 1, 2008, the IOC announced that the Chinese organizers, the [[Beijing Organizing Committee for the Olympic Games]] (BOCOG), had agreed to lift all Internet restrictions for media covering the Beijing Games. "The issue has been solved," vice-president Gunilla Lindberg said. "The IOC Coordination Commission and BOCOG met last night and agreed. Internet use will be just like in any Olympics."<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/GCA-Olympics/idUSL131393420080801|title=Hu stands by Games pledges, web curbs lifted |work = Reuters | date=2008-08-01}}</ref>

China pledged to "Deliver Clean Energy Towards a Harmonious World" and that by 2008, measurements of [[carbon monoxide]], [[nitrogen dioxide]] and [[sulfur dioxide]] would meet [[World Health Organization]] standards and airborne particle density would be reduced to the level of major cities in developed countries, however the IOC stated that Beijing had so far met only WHO 2005 interim guidelines, which are significantly less restrictive, and that "Official data during the Aug. 8 to Aug. 24 Olympic period indicates air quality was actually worse in 2006 and 2007 than in 2000 and 2001." An analysis of August 2007 data found that Beijing's air registered 123 micrograms of particulate matter per cubic meter, more than double the WHO guideline of 50 micrograms per cubic meter for short-term exposure.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2008/04/20/AR2008042002044_pf.html|title=China Falls Short on Vows for Olympics | newspaper=The Washington Post | first1=Jill | last1=Drew | first2=Maureen | last2=Fan | access-date=2010-04-26}}</ref> China's initial failure prior to the games to meet these standards has caused concern among some Olympics athletes, particularly long distance runners such as world marathon record holder [[Haile Gebrselassie]], considered the world's greatest long distance runner, who has said he will skip the long-distance running event in Beijing because of the city's poor air quality and fears his health could be damaged by running through the streets of the Chinese capital, a decision he would later regret.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.nbcnews.com/id/wbna23581237|title=China vows clean air at Olympics - World environment - NBC News|website=[[NBC News]] |date=11 March 2008 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.indianexpress.com/story/350364.html|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20080819210346/http://www.indianexpress.com/story/350364.html|archive-date = 2008-08-19|title = Blue sky in Beijing makes Haile regret pulling out of marathon|date = 19 August 2008}}</ref> Despite the initial concerns over the air quality, the Beijing air had improved to healthy levels of particle matter by the first week of the games, and officials stated that the particles were actually mostly caused by moisture.<ref>{{cite news |last=Carney |first=Mike |date=August 12, 2008 |title=Olympics smog watch: Chinese characterize air quality as 'excellent' |url=http://blogs.usatoday.com/ondeadline/2008/08/olympics-smog-2.html?csp=34 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090220221658/http://blogs.usatoday.com/ondeadline/2008/08/olympics-smog-2.html?csp=34 |archive-date=February 20, 2009 |access-date=2010-04-26 |work=USA Today}}</ref>

==Notes==
*{{Note_label|A|a|a}}The [[Olympic symbols#Olympic emblems|Olympic emblem]] (Olympic rings) is a copyrighted logo of the [[International Olympic Committee]] (IOC); the organization exclusively permits candidate cities, those high-scoring cities chosen from the applicant cities list, to use the Olympic emblem in their bid logos.<ref name="CandOlympicSymbol">{{cite book |url=http://multimedia.olympic.org/pdf/en_report_810.pdf |title=2012 Candidature Procedure and Questionnaire |publisher=International Olympic Committee |date=2004-05-17 |access-date=2007-03-30 |pages=33, 55 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070322010124/http://multimedia.olympic.org/pdf/en_report_810.pdf |archive-date=22 March 2007 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name="Conduct">{{cite web |url=http://multimedia.olympic.org/pdf/en_report_1124.pdf |title=Rules of Conduct Applicable to all Cities Wishing to Organise the Olympic Games |date=2007-02-07 |publisher=[[International Olympic Committee]] |access-date=2007-04-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070614193941/http://multimedia.olympic.org/pdf/en_report_1124.pdf |archive-date=June 14, 2007 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist|2}}

==External links==

===Applicant mini bid books===
* [https://issuu.com/thatsnotmypuppy/docs/bangkok2008/0 Bangkok 2008]
* [https://issuu.com/thatsnotmypuppy/docs/beijing2008/0 Beijing 2008]
* [https://issuu.com/thatsnotmypuppy/docs/kualalumpur2008/0 Kuala Lumpur 2008]
* [https://issuu.com/thatsnotmypuppy/docs/osaka2008pdf Osaka 2008]
* [https://issuu.com/thatsnotmypuppy/docs/paris2008pdf/0 Paris 2008]
* [https://issuu.com/thatsnotmypuppy/docs/sevilla2008/0 Sevilla 2008]
* [https://issuu.com/thatsnotmypuppy/docs/havana2008/0 Havana 2008]
* [https://issuu.com/thatsnotmypuppy/docs/cairo2008mbb/0 Cairo 2008]

===Candidature files===
* [https://issuu.com/thatsnotmypuppy/docs/beijing_2008_volume_01 Beijing 2008 Volume 1]
* [https://issuu.com/thatsnotmypuppy/docs/beijing_2008_volume_02 Beijing 2008 Volume 2]
* [https://issuu.com/thatsnotmypuppy/docs/beijing_2008_volume_03 Beijing 2008 Volume 3]
* [https://issuu.com/thatsnotmypuppy/docs/istanbul2008volume1 Istanbul 2008 Volume 1]
* [https://issuu.com/thatsnotmypuppy/docs/istanbul2008volume2 Istanbul 2008 Volume 2]
* [https://issuu.com/thatsnotmypuppy/docs/istanbul2008volume3 Istanbul 2008 Volume 3]
* [https://issuu.com/thatsnotmypuppy/docs/paris2008volumeone Paris 2008 Volume 1]
* [https://issuu.com/thatsnotmypuppy/docs/paris2008volume2a Paris 2008 Volume 2.1]
* [https://issuu.com/thatsnotmypuppy/docs/paris2008volume2b Paris 2008 Volume 2.2]
* [https://issuu.com/thatsnotmypuppy/docs/paris2008volume2c Paris 2008 Volume 2.3]
* [https://issuu.com/thatsnotmypuppy/docs/paris2008volume2d Paris 2008 Volume 2.4]
* [https://issuu.com/thatsnotmypuppy/docs/paris2008volume2e Paris 2008 Volume 2.5]
* [https://issuu.com/thatsnotmypuppy/docs/paris2008volumethree Paris 2008 Volume 3]
* [https://issuu.com/thatsnotmypuppy/docs/toronto2008volume1 Toronto 2008 Volume 1]
* [https://issuu.com/thatsnotmypuppy/docs/toronto2008volume2a Toronto 2008 Volume 2.1]
* [https://issuu.com/thatsnotmypuppy/docs/toronto2008volume2b Toronto 2008 Volume 2.2]
* [https://issuu.com/thatsnotmypuppy/docs/toronto2008volume2c Toronto 2008 Volume 2.3]
* [https://issuu.com/thatsnotmypuppy/docs/toronto2008volume2d Toronto 2008 Volume 2.4]
* [https://issuu.com/thatsnotmypuppy/docs/toronto2008volume2e Toronto 2008 Volume 2.5]
* [https://issuu.com/thatsnotmypuppy/docs/toronto2008volume3 Toronto 2008 Volume 3]

{{Olympics bids}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Bids For The 2008 Summer Olympics}}
[[Category:2008 Summer Olympics|bids]]
[[Category:2008 Summer Olympics bids| ]]
[[Category:Summer Olympics bids|2008]]
[[Category:July 2001 in Europe]]
[[Category:2001 in Russia]]
[[Category:2001 in Moscow]]
[[Category:Sport in Moscow]]