View source for Bibliography of George Washington

{{short description|Selected list of works about George Washington}}
{{George Washington series}}
This '''bibliography of George Washington''' is a selected list of written and published works about [[George Washington]] (1732–1799).  A 2019 count estimated the number of books about George Washington at some nine hundred; add scholarly articles with Washington's name in the title and the count climbs to six thousand.<ref>Mark Edward Lender,  "Revolutionary: George Washington at War." ''The Virginia Magazine of History and Biography'' (2019) 127#3: 240–242. [https://www.jstor.org/stable/26743949 online]</ref><ref>Google Scholar lists 7200 scholarly books and articles with "George Washington" in the title. See [https://scholar.google.com/scholar?as_q=&as_epq=George+washington&as_oq=&as_eq=&as_occt=title&as_sauthors=&as_publication=&as_ylo=&as_yhi=&hl=en&as_sdt=1%2C27 "Google Scholar" May 14, 2020]</ref>

It covers his life in general or in part and includes primary sources containing Washington's works, letters, records, diaries, etc. The literature on Washington is immense, his biographers and editors having lived in four separate centuries. Many of the publications listed here lend themselves to Washington in a biographical capacity, while many cover specific events and other topics where Washington is the central or an important figure. Publications covering subjects such as 'The Winter at Valley Forge', 'The Battle of Brooklyn' and Washington's farewell address are well placed and can be found in this bibliography. Washington was diligent about keeping records, maintained many diaries throughout his adult life, and corresponded with many prominent figures, family members and friends. At this late date nearly all of Washington's writings have been studied, transcribed, organized, edited and published by a large number of historians over the years, providing the basis by which the many biographical accounts of Washington's life have been written.

==Washington overview==
{{See also|Legacy of George Washington}}

[[George Washington]] (February 22, 1732 [O.S. February 11, 1731]&nbsp;– December 14, 1799) was the first president of the United States (1789–1797), the commander-in-chief of the [[Continental Army]] during the [[American Revolutionary War]], and one of the [[Founding Fathers of the United States|Founding Fathers]] of the United States. He presided over the [[United States Constitutional Convention|convention that drafted the current United States Constitution]] and during his lifetime was called the "father of his country", and widely considered so by many historians today. Washington left volumes of letters, diaries and other documents that historians continue to draw on for insight into Washington's life and early American history overall.

==Evolution of Washington biographies==
Biographies of George Washington number nearly as many as those for all other major figures in the American Revolution combined, and comprise only a portion of the literature on Washington altogether.<ref>[[#ferling|Ferling, 2007]], p. 654</ref>

The first biographer of George Washington was [[Mason Weems]], famous for his anecdote of the young Washington chopping down a cherry tree, i.e."I cannot tell a lie...", who first published his ''The Life of George Washington'' in 1800 and subsequently in 1804–1807<ref>[[#Alden|Alden, 1984]], p. 308</ref>{{efn|Weems' account of the young Washington and the cherry tree did not appear until his book's fifth edition was published in 1806.<ref>[[#cherry|The Digital Encyclopedia of George Washington: Cherry Tree myth, Mount Vernon Ladies’ Association]]</ref> The story originated from a neighbor of the Washington family and is the only known account. There is much speculation and conjecture offered by some historians but none have proven or disproven the story. George Washington's great-nephew, Austin Washington, claims that if Weems had made up the story he would have more dramatically depicted the young Washington 'chopping down' the cherry tree, not merely "barking it" i.e.taking some of the bark off.<ref>[[#Austin|Austin Washington, 2014]], p. 23</ref>}} setting the tone for many popular biographies that eventually followed.<ref>[[#Weems|Weems, L.C. Wroth Introduction, 1800]], p. 5</ref>
Washington was so central to the story of the American Revolution and the government after 1787 that virtually all the early histories celebrated him as the model American and president.  They were handicapped however by lack of access to his private papers and by haphazard availability of his official papers as general and president.<ref>Arthur H. Shaffer, ''The Politics of History: Writing the History of the American Revolution, 1783–1815'' (1975) pp. 139, 174.</ref>

A number of years after Washington's death passed before much of the finer and more intimate biographical information on Washington began to emerge, as this information could only be found in Washington's letters and diaries, most of which were still in the hands of family members and other private individuals. The greater public only had access to accounts from newspapers and various official documents. It was not until 1833 that a more comprehensive account of Washington's personal life became known. The first such account was authored by [[Jared Sparks]], considered the best-informed man on Washington in his day<ref>[[#knootz|Knootz, 1941]], p. 350</ref> and the first biographer who was given access to Washington's many letters by Washington's nephew [[Bushrod Washington]]. Sparks published ''The Writings of George Washington'', in [[Bibliography of George Washington#Jared Sparks|twelve volumes]]  between 1833 and 1837, and ''The Life of George Washington'' in 1839. Sparks was sometimes criticized for editing  Washington's spelling, grammar and various phrases.<ref>[[#Harvard|Harvard Archives: Papers of Jared Sparks, 2005]]</ref>

Chief Justice [[John Marshall]], an ardent [[Federalist Party|Federalist]] from Virginia, greatly admired Washington, and between 1804 and 1807 published a highly detailed five-volume biography. It greatly shaped the scholarly image of Washington for the 19th century. Marshall's ''Life of Washington'' was based on records and papers also provided to him by the Washington family and reflected Marshall's Federalist principles. His revised and condensed two-volume ''Life of Washington'' was published in 1832.<ref>[[#Marshall|Marshall, 1804–1807]]</ref> Historians have often praised its accuracy and well-reasoned judgments, while noting Marshall's frequent paraphrases of published sources such as William Gordon's 1801 history of the Revolution and the British ''Annual Register.''<ref>{{Cite journal | first = William A | last = Foran | journal = American Historical Review | title=John Marshall as a Historian  | volume = 43 | date = October 1937 | pages = 51–64 |jstor = 1840187 | issue = 1 | doi=10.2307/1840187}}.</ref>

In the 20th century, by far the most comprehensive biography was written by [[Douglas Southall Freeman]] in seven volumes, 1948–1957. A recent evaluation of its 3582 pages concludes, "Although a few specific interpretations have been supplanted, this remains the most comprehensive study of Washington and the best place to check for specific activities, military movements, and decisions."<ref>[[#Parish|Parish, 2013]], p. 737</ref> Freeman's research was thorough, and the story is told from Washington's own viewpoint. Freeman wrote, "the great big thing stamped across that man is character." By character, says [[David Hackett Fischer]] "Freeman meant integrity, self-discipline, courage, absolute honesty, resolve, and decision, but also forbearance, decency, and respect for others."<ref>[[#fischer|Fischer, 2006]], p. 446</ref> Freeman posthumously won a [[Pulitzer Prize]] in 1958 for his work,<ref>[[#EncyclopediaVirginia|Encyclopedia Virginia, Virginia Foundation for the Humanities]]</ref> and [[James Thomas Flexner|James T. Flexner's]], ''George Washington: The Indispensable Man'', in four volumes (1965–1972), also won the Pulitzer Prize in 2005.<ref>[[#Flexner|Flexner, 1978]], p. i</ref><ref>[[#pulitzer|2005 Pulitzer Prizes, Special Citations]]</ref> Joseph J. Ellis, ''His Excellency: George Washington'' (2005) has frequently been praised as an interpretive essay. David Hackett Fischer's long, intense, microscopic study of the December 1775 campaign ''Washington's Crossing'' (2004) likewise won a Pulitzer Prize in 2005.<ref>[[#Oxford|Oxford University Press, Washington's Crossing review]]</ref> ''Washington: A Life'' (2010), written by historian [[Ron Chernow]], won Chernow a Pulitzer Prize in 2011.<ref>[[#PulitzerChernow|2016 The Pulitzer Prizes – Columbia University]]</ref> ''[[You Never Forget Your First]]'' (2020), written by historian Alexis Coe, is the third complete biography of Washington written by a female author.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/history/2020/02/15/alexis-coe-george-washington-biography/|title=George Washington gets romanticized by male biographers. Now a woman has taken him on.|last=Brockell|first=Gillian|date=February 16, 2020|newspaper=[[The Washington Post]]|access-date=July 9, 2020}}</ref> In her book, Coe chronicles Washington's life and seeks to deconstruct conclusions that have been reached about him, particularly those drawn by male historians and biographers.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bostonglobe.com/2020/02/13/arts/you-never-forget-your-first-alexis-coe-offers-fresh-look-president-without-precedent/|title=In 'You Never Forget Your First,' Alexis Coe offers a fresh look at a president without precedent|last=Shribman|first=David|date=February 13, 2020|website=[[The Boston Globe]]|access-date=July 9, 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2020/02/27/books/review/you-never-forget-your-first-alexis-coe.html|title=Think You Know George Washington?|last=Egan|first=Elisabeth|date=February 27, 2020|website=[[The New York Times]]|access-date=July 9, 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2020/04/29/books/review/you-never-forget-your-first-alexis-coe-george-washington.html|title=What the History Books Won't Tell You About George Washington|last=Schlossberg|first=Tatiana|author-link=Tatiana Schlossberg|date=April 29, 2020|website=[[The New York Times]]|access-date=July 9, 2020}}</ref>

==Primary sources and documents==
After Washington died the huge volumes of his writings and documents were bequeathed to his nephew, [[Bushrod Washington]].<ref>[[#lastwill|Fitzpatrick, 1939: Washington's last will]], p. 14</ref> Not long after Washington's death Bushrod prevailed upon several authors to write Washington's biography. He first approached Washington's old friend and compatriot [[John Marshall]]{{efn|Marshall, present with Washington during the winter of at Valley Forge,<ref>[[#forge|Mount Vernon, 2016: John Marshall]]</ref>  had announced Washington's death in 1799, had offered the eulogy, oversaw and arranged the funeral ceremony and was head of commission that planned the Washington monument.<ref>[[#eulogy|Library of Virginia: John Marshall]]</ref>}} to write a biography, offering all of Washington's letters, manuscripts and diaries to help in the effort, to which Marshall agreed, subsequently producing his five-volume biography of George Washington, first published between 1804 and 1807. With its many references to various letters and documents, Marshall's five-volume work became the sole comprehensive source for Washington and his life that served advanced readers for several decades. Finally in 1833 Bushrod also allowed [[Jared Sparks]] access to Washington's letters, and in 1839 Sparks published his two-volume, ''The Life of George Washington'', which drew on the same abundance of primary sources. He also produced a large 12-volume work outlining Washington's writings, published between 1833 and 1837. Sparks was sometimes criticized for silently editing Washington's spelling, grammar and various phrases.<ref>[[#bicentennial|History of the Bicentennial Commission, 1932]], p. 22</ref><ref>[[#Harvard|Harvard Archives: Papers of Jared Sparks, 2005]]</ref>

Another major compilation of Washington's writings was published from 1889 to 1893 by  historian [[Worthington C. Ford|Worthington Chauncey Ford]] in a fourteen-volume set of ''The Writings of George Washington.'' The next major compilation did not appear until [[John Clement Fitzpatrick]] compiled and edited a  thirty-nine volume work, also entitled, ''The Writings of George Washington'', (1931–1944), using much of the same original manuscript sources as Sparks and Ford.<ref>[[#sparks|Mount Vernon Ladies' Association, 2016]]</ref> Historian [[Donald Dean Jackson|Donald Jackson]] and Dorothy Twohig in 1984 published what is now considered by historian John R. Alden the best edition of Washington's diaries, in six volumes.<ref>[[#Alden|Alden, 1984]], p. 307</ref>

The [[Library of Congress]] has a comprehensive bibliography,<ref>{{cite web|title=Selected Bibliography|url=http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/gwhtml/gwbib.html|work=The George Washington Papers |publisher=Library of Congress|access-date=5 November 2011}}</ref> as well as online scans of diaries, letterbooks, financial papers and military papers.

==Biographical==
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* {{cite book |last=Abbott |first=Jacob |author-link=Jacob Abbott |title=Washington |publisher=Sheldon & Company |year=1865 |url=https://archive.org/details/americanhistory02abbogoog}} &nbsp;<small>(eBook)</small>
* {{cite book|last=Achenbach|first=Joel|title=The Grand Idea: George Washington's Potomac and the Race to the West|year=2004|publisher=Simon & Schuster|location=New York|isbn=0684848570|author-link=Joel Achenbach|url=https://archive.org/details/grandideageorgew00ache}}
* {{cite book |last=Adams |first=Henry |title=The Life of George Washington |year=1911 |publisher=Houghton Mifflin Company |isbn=978-0598475435 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=b1AQAAAAYAAJ}} &nbsp;<small>(eBook)</small>
* {{cite book |last=Alden |first=John R.  |author-link=John Richard Alden|title=George Washington. A biography |publisher=LSU Press |year=1984  |isbn=978-0807141083 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=sz3zHVWfocwC}}
* {{cite book |last=Ambler |first=Charles Henry |year=1936 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ECNCAAAAIAAJ |title=George Washington and the West |publisher= University of North Carolina Press|isbn=978-0807802069 }}
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* {{cite book |last=Baker |first=William Spohn |title=Character Portraits of Washington as Delineated by Historians, Orators and divines |publisher=HardPress Publishing |year=1886 |url=https://archive.org/details/characterportrai00bake}} <small>(eBook)</small>
* {{cite book |last=Baker |first=William Spohn |title=Bibliotheca Washingtoniana: A Descriptive List of the Biographies and Biographical Sketches of George Washington |author-mask=2 |publisher=Robert M. Lindsay |year=1889 |url=https://archive.org/details/washingtoniana00bakerich}} <small>(eBook}</small>
* {{cite book |last=Bancroft |first=Aaron |title=An essay on the life of George Washington  |location=Worcester, Ma. |publisher=Thomas & Sturtevant |year=1807 |url=https://archive.org/details/anessayonlifege00bancgoog}} <small>(eBook)</small>
* {{cite book |last=Bancroft |first=Aaron |author-mask=2 |title=The life of George Washington, commander in chief of the American army, through the revolutionary war; and the first president of the United States |publisher=Boston, T. Bedlington |year=1826 |url=https://archive.org/details/lifeofgeorgewash011826banc}} &nbsp;<small>(eBook)</small>
* {{cite book |last=Betts |first=William W.|title=The Nine Lives of George Washington |year=2013 |publisher=iUniverse |isbn=978-1475985177 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jtXm2fg9J4AC&pg=PA149}}
* {{cite book |last=Billias |first=George Athan |title=George Washington's Generals and Opponents: Their Exploits and Leadership |publisher=Da Capo Press |year=1994 |isbn=978-0306805608 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xVOt_yoI0sAC}}
* {{cite book |last= Blanchard |first=Charles A. |title=Washington. Was Washington a freemason? |publisher=Chicago, Ill., National Christian Association |year=1910 |url=https://archive.org/details/washingtonwaswas00blan/page/n3}}
* {{cite book|last=Boller|first=Paul F.|title=George Washington & Religion|year=1963|publisher=Southern Methodist University Press|location=Dallas|oclc=563800860 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=s3PTediy5mkC&q=%22william+and+mary%22|isbn=978-0684831428}}
* {{cite book |last=Bourne |first=Miriam Anne |title=First Family: George Washington And His Intimate Relations |publisher=W. W. Norton & Company |year=1982 |url=http://www.abebooks.com/First-Family-George-Washington-Intimate-Relations/1147238691/bd}}
* {{cite book|last=Brookhiser|first=Richard|title=Founding Father: Rediscovering George Washington|year=1996|publisher=Free Press|location=New York|isbn=0684822911|author-link=Richard Brookhiser|url=https://archive.org/details/foundingfatherre00broo}}
* {{cite book |last=Brumwell |first=Stephen |title=George Washington, Gentleman Warrior |publisher=Great Britain, Quercus Publishers|year=2012 |isbn=978-1849165464 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qhk64CAWcJgC |ref=brumwell}}
* {{cite book|last=Buchanan|first=John|title=The Road to Valley Forge: How Washington Built the Army That Won the Revolution|year=2004|publisher=John Wiley & Sons|location=Hoboken, N.J|isbn=978-0471441564|url=https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780471441564}}
* {{cite book|last1=Burns|first1=James MacGregor|author-link1=James MacGregor Burns|title=George Washington|year=2004|publisher=Times Books|location=New York|isbn=978-0805069365|first2=Susan|last2=Dunn|url=https://archive.org/details/georgewashington00burn}}
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* {{cite book |last=Callahan |first=Charles Hilliard  |title=Washington, the man and the mason |publisher=National Capital Press |year=1913 |url=https://archive.org/details/washingtonmanmas00call/page/n9}}
* {{cite book |last=Calloway |first=Colin |author-link=Colin G. Calloway |location=New York |date=2018 |title=The Indian World of George Washington: The First President, the First Americans, and the Birth of the Nation |title-link=The Indian World of George Washington |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0190652166 }}
* {{cite book |last=Carrington |first=Henry Beebee |title=Washington, the soldier  |publisher=Charles Scribner's sons |year=1899 |url=https://archive.org/details/washingtonsoldi00carrgoog}} &nbsp;<small>(eBook)</small>
* {{cite book |last= Caven |first=John |title=Washington; a mason |publisher=Indianapolis, Press of W. B. Burford |year=1900 |url=https://archive.org/details/washingtonmason00cave/page/n7}}
* {{cite book |last=Chadwick |first=Bruce |title=George Washington's War: The Forging of a Revolutionary Leader and the American Presidency |publisher=Sourcebooks, Inc |year=2005 |isbn=978-1402226106 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=JrN95xjXKC0C}}
* {{cite book |last=Chadwick |first=Bruce |author-mask=2 |title=General and Mrs. Washington: The Untold Story of a Marriage and a Revolution |publisher=Sourcebooks, Inc. |year=2007 |url=https://archive.org/details/generalmrswashin00bruc|url-access=registration }}
* {{cite book|last=Chernow |first=Ron |author-link=Ron Chernow |title=Washington: A Life |publisher=Penguin Press |location=New York |year=2010 |isbn=978-1594202667 |url=https://archive.org/details/washingtonlife00cher_0 }} [[Washington: A Life|WP article]]
* {{cite book |last=Claudy |first=C. H. |title=Washington's home and fraternal life |publisher=Masonic Service Association |year=1931 |url=http://www.alibris.com/Washingtons-home-and-fraternal-life-C-H-Claudy/book/7128296}}
* {{cite book|last=Coe |first=Alexis |title=You Never Forget Your First |publisher=Viking Press |year=2020 |isbn=978-0735224100 }} [[You Never Forget Your First|WP article]]
* {{cite book |last=Connell |first=Janice T. |title=The Spiritual Journey of George Washington  |publisher=Hatherleigh Press |year=2007 |orig-date=2003 |isbn=978-1578262489|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YJghPQAACAAJ}}
* {{cite book |last=Washington |first=George |editor=Conway, Moncure Daniel |title=George Washington and Mount Vernon |publisher=Brooklyn, N.Y., Long Island Historical Society |year=1879 |url=https://archive.org/details/memoirs00washgoog |volume=13}} <small>(eBook)</small>
* {{cite book |last=Corey |first=John |title=The life of George Washington, first president, and commander in chief of the armies of the United States of America;  |author-link=John Corry (writer) |publisher=M'Carty & White, New York |year=1809 |url=https://archive.org/details/lifeofgeorgewash00corr}} &nbsp;<small>(eBook)</small>
* {{cite book|last=Courtenay |first=Calista McCabe |title=George Washington |url=http://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/21972 }} {{librivox book | title=George Washington | author=Calista McCabe Courtenay}}
* {{cite book |last=Cunliffe |first=Marcus |title=George Washington, Man and Monument|year=1982|publisher=Little, Brown|location=Boston |oclc=58007859 |author-link=Marcus Cunliffe |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VHZZf1zi6VUC|isbn=978-0931917301 }}
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* {{cite book|last=Dalzell|first=Robert F. Jr. |title=George Washington's Mount Vernon: At Home in Revolutionary America|year=1998|publisher=Oxford University Press|location=New York|isbn=0195121147|author2=Dalzell, Lee Baldwin|url=https://archive.org/details/georgewashington00dalz}}
* {{cite book |last1=Decatur |first1=Stephen Jr. |author2-link=Tobias Lear |last2=Lear, Tobias |title=Private Affairs of George Washington: From the Records and Accounts of Tobias Lear, Esquire, His Secretary |author-link=Stephen Decatur |publisher=Houghton Mifflin |year=1933 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NyBCAAAAIAAJ}}
* {{cite book |last= Douglas |first=Thomas |title=Washington a free mason [sic] |publisher=Tallahassee, Printed at the Sentinel office |year=1853 |url=https://archive.org/details/washingtonfreema00doug/page/n5}}
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* {{cite book|last=Edwards|first=Roberta|title=Who was George Washington?|year=2009|publisher=Grosset & Dunlap|location=New York|isbn=978-0448448923|others=illustrated by True Kelley}} Juvenile audience
* {{cite book|last=Ellis|first=Joseph J.|author-link=Joseph Ellis|title=His Excellency: George Washington|publisher=Alfred A. Knopf|location=New York|year=2004|isbn=1400040310|url=https://archive.org/details/hisexcellencygeo00elli}}, [[His Excellency: George Washington|Wikipedia article on book]]
* {{cite book|last=Espinosa|first=Gastón|title=Religion and the American Presidency: George Washington to George W. Bush with Commentary and Primary Sources|year=2009|publisher=Columbia University Press |location=New York|isbn=978-0231143325 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=iYTZAAAAMAAJ}}
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* {{cite book|last=Ferling|first=John E.|author-link=John E. Ferling|title=Setting the World Ablaze: Washington, Adams, Jefferson, and the American Revolution|publisher=Oxford University Press|location=New York|year=2000|isbn=0195134095|url=https://archive.org/details/settingworldabla00john}}
* {{cite book|last=Ferling|first=John E.|author-mask=2|title=The Ascent of George Washington: The Hidden Political Genius of an American Icon|publisher=Bloomsbury Press|location=New York|year=2009|isbn=978-1596914650|url=https://archive.org/details/ascentofgeorgewa00ferl}}
* {{cite book|last=Ferling|first=John E. |author-mask=2 |title=First of Men: A Life of George Washington|publisher=Oxford University Press|location=New York|year=2010|orig-date=1988|isbn=978-0195398670 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yHRbR8snrfoC}}
* {{cite book|last=Fischer|first=David Hackett|title=Washington's Crossing|year=2004|publisher=Oxford University Press|location=Oxford, England; New York|isbn=0195170342|author-link=David Hackett Fischer|url=https://archive.org/details/washingtonscross00fisc}} [[Washington's Crossing (book)|WP article]] for Pulitzer Prize–winning book
* {{cite book |last=Fleming |first=Thomas  |title=Washington's Secret War: The Hidden History of Valley Forge |publisher=Harper Collins |year=2006 |isbn=978-0060872939 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qK5Kac2-RHwC}}
* {{cite book |last=Fleming |first=Thomas |author-mask=2 |title=The Great Divide: The Conflict between Washington and Jefferson that Defined a Nation |publisher=Da Capo Press |year=2015 |isbn=978-0306822360 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VTgGAwAAQBAJ}}
* {{cite book |editor1-last=Fishman |editor1-first=Ethan M.|editor2-first=William D. |editor2-last=Pederson|editor3-first=Mark J.|editor3-last=Rozell|title=George Washington, Foundation of Presidential Leadership and Character|year=2001|publisher=Praeger|location=Westport, Conn|isbn=0275968685 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=KjxRXWdXeREC}}
* {{cite book |last=Fitzpatrick |first=John Clement |title=Calendar of the Correspondence of George Washington |author-link=John Clement Fitzpatrick |publisher=BiblioBazaar |year=2009 |orig-date=1923|isbn=978-1113650139 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hNe0YFcAUZ4C}}
* {{cite book |last=Fitzpatrick |first=John Clement |author-link=John Clement Fitzpatrick |title=George Washington himself; a common-sense biography written from his manuscripts |url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.75778 |year=1933 |author-mask=2 |location=Indianapolis |publisher=Bobbs-Merrill Co |oclc=9249378 }}
* {{cite book|last=Flexner|first=James Thomas|title=George Washington: the Forge of Experience, 1732–1775|year=1965|publisher=Little, Brown|location=Boston|oclc=426484|author-link=James Thomas Flexner |url=https://archive.org/details/georgewashington0000flex_n7q2|url-access=registration}}
* {{cite book|last=Flexner|first=James Thomas|author-mask=2|title=George Washington: Anguish and Farewell 1793–1799|year=1972|publisher=Little, Brown|location=Boston|isbn=978-0316286022|url=https://archive.org/details/georgewashington04jame}}
* {{cite book|last=Flexner|first=James Thomas|author-mask=2|title=Washington: The Indispensable Man|year=1979|publisher=Little, Brown|location=Boston|isbn=0316286052|url=https://archive.org/details/washington00jame}}
* {{cite book |last=Ford |first=Paul Leicester |title=The True George Washington |publisher=Lippincott |year=1898 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YrAoAAAAYAAJ}} &nbsp;<small>(eBook)</small>
* {{Cite book|last=Fraser|first=Flora |title=The Washingtons: George and Martha, "Join'd by Friendship, Crown'd by Love" |publisher =Knopf |date=2015 |isbn=978-0307272782 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=w6-6CgAAQBAJ}}
* {{cite book|last=Freeman|first=Douglas Southall|title=George Washington, a Biography|year=1948–1957|publisher=Scribner|location=New York|oclc=732644234|author-link=Douglas Southall Freeman|volume=7 |url=https://www.amazon.com/George-Washington-Biography-7-Volumes/dp/B000NPJJDG}} Pulitzer Prize–winning book
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* {{cite book|editor1-last=Gregg|editor1-first=Gary L. II|editor1-link=Gary L. Gregg|editor2-first=Matthew|editor2-last=Spalding|title=Patriot Sage: George Washington and the American Political Tradition|year=1999|publisher=ISI Books|location=Wilmington, Del|isbn=1882926382|url=https://archive.org/details/patriotsagegeorg00greg}}
* {{cite book| last=Grizzard |first=Frank E. Jr. |title=The Ways of Providence: Religion & George Washington |year=2005|publisher=Mariner Pub |location=Buena Vista, Va|isbn=0976823810 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=aITYAKntRDMC}}
* {{cite book |last=Guernsey |first=Lucy Ellen |title=Washington and seventy-six |publisher=American Sunday-school Union |year=1876 |url=https://archive.org/details/washingtonsevent01guer}}
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* Harless, Richard. ''George Washington and Native Americans: "Learn Our Arts and Ways of Life"'' (Fairfax: George Mason University Press, 2018. 300 pp) [http://www.h-net.org/reviews/showpdf.php?id=55029 online review]
* {{cite book |editor1-first=Tamara |editor1-last=Harvey |editor2-first=Greg |editor2-last=O'Brien|title=George Washington's South |year=2004|publisher=University Press of Florida|location=Gainesville|isbn=081302689X |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=18g0HQAACAAJ}}
* {{cite book |last=Hale |first=Edward Everett |author-link=Edward Everett Hale |title=The life of George Washington |publisher=G. P. Putnam's sons |year=1888 |url=https://archive.org/details/lifegeorgewashi00halegoog}} <small>{eBook)</small>
* {{cite book |last=Harrison |first=Adrienne M. |title=A Powerful Mind: The Self-Education of George Washington |publisher=University of Nebraska Press |year=2015 |isbn=978-1612347912 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5GZ5CgAAQBAJ&q=bibliography}}
* {{cite book|last=Hayes|first=Kevin J.|title=George Washington: A Life in Books|year=2017 |publisher=Oxford University Press|location=New York|isbn=978-0190456672 |url=https://books.google.com/books?isbn=019045668X}}
* {{cite book|last=Henriques|first=Peter R.|title=Realistic Visionary: A Portrait of George Washington|year=2006|publisher=University of Virginia Press|location=Charlottesville|isbn=0813925479|url=https://archive.org/details/realisticvisiona00henr}}
* Henriques, Peter. "The Final Struggle between George Washington and the Grim King: Washington's Attitude toward Death and an Afterlife." ''Virginia Magazine of History and Biography'' 107#1 (1999): 73–97. 
* {{cite book|last=Higginbotham|first=Don|author-link=Don Higginbotham|title=George Washington and the American Military Tradition|year=1987|publisher=University of Georgia Press|location=Athens|isbn=0820307866|url=https://archive.org/details/georgewashington00higg}}
* {{cite book|editor1-last=Higginbotham |editor1-first=Don|title=George Washington Reconsidered |year=2001|publisher=University Press of Virginia|location=Charlottesville|isbn=0813920051 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=L0qGWo_NGlAC}}
* {{cite book|last=Higginbotham|first=Don |author-mask=2 |title=George Washington: Uniting a Nation |year=2002|publisher=Rowman & Littlefield Publishers|location=Lanham, Md|isbn=0742522083 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=feqxAAAAQBAJ}}
* {{cite book |last=Hirschfeld |first=Fritz |author-mask=2 |title=George Washington and the Jews |publisher=University of Delaware Press |year=2005 |isbn=978-0874139273 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-250L02b4EMC&q=Dorothy+Twohig}}
* {{cite book|editor1-last=Hofstra|editor1-first=Warren R.|title=George Washington and the Virginia Backcountry|year=1998|publisher=Madison House|location=Madison, Wis|isbn=0945612508 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Ljp2AAAAMAAJ}}
* {{cite book|last=Hughes|first=Rupert|title=George Washington: The Rebel and the Patriot...|year=1926|publisher=W. Morrow & Co|location=New York|oclc=17399028|author-link=Rupert Hughes |url=https://archive.org/details/georgewashington027966mbp}} &nbsp;<small>(eBook)</small>
* {{cite book |last=Humphreys |first=David  |title=Life of General Washington |publisher=University of Georgia Press |year=2006 |isbn=978-0820328249 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=t-_Z4hXcx18C}}
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* {{cite book |last=Irving |first=Washington |title=Life of George Washington |volume=1 |author-link=Washington Irving |publisher=G.P. Putnam's sons |year=1856 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=SB4ZAAAAYAAJ}} &nbsp;<small>(eBook)</small>
:* {{cite book |last=Irving |first=Washington |title=Life of George Washington |volume=2 |author-mask=2 |publisher=G.P. Putnam's sons |year=1856 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_zooAAAAYAAJ}} &nbsp;<small>(eBook)</small>
:* {{cite book |last=Irving |first=Washington |title=Life of George Washington |volume=3 |author-mask=2 |publisher=G.P. Putnam's sons |year=1856 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VWBHAAAAIAAJ}} &nbsp;<small>(eBook)</small>
:* {{cite book |last=Irving |first=Washington |title=Life of George Washington |volume=4 |author-mask=2 |publisher=G.P. Putnam's sons |year=1857 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=v2BHAAAAIAAJ}} &nbsp;<small>(eBook)</small>
:* {{cite book |last=Irving |first=Washington |title=Life of George Washington |volume=5 |author-mask=2 |publisher=G.P. Putnam's sons |year=1869 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NiUFAAAAYAAJ}} &nbsp;<small>(eBook)</small>
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* {{cite book |last=Johnson |first=Bradley Tyler |title=General Washington  |author-link=Bradley Tyler Johnson |publisher=Appleton and Company |year=1894 |url=https://archive.org/details/generalwashingt02johngoog}}
* {{cite book|last=Johnson|first=Paul|title=George Washington: The Founding Father|year=2005|publisher=Atlas Books/HarperCollins|location=New York|isbn=006075365X|author-link=Paul Johnson (writer)|url=https://archive.org/details/georgewashington00john_0}}
* {{cite book |last=Johnston |first=Elizabeth Bryant  |title=George Washington Day by Day |publisher=Library Reprints, Incorporated |year=1894 |isbn= 978-0722289464|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=I3txAAAAMAAJ}} (eBook)
* {{cite book |last=Johnstone |first=William Jackson |title=George Washington the Christian |publisher=Abingdon Press |year=1919 |url=https://archive.org/details/georgewashingto01johngoog}} (eBook)
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* {{cite book|last=Kapsch|first=Robert J.|title=The Potomac Canal: George Washington and the Waterway West|year=2007|publisher=West Virginia University Press|location=Morgantown, W.V|isbn=978-1933202181 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5vB4AAAAMAAJ}}
* {{cite book |last=Knollenberg |first=Bernhard  |title=George Washington: the Virginia period, 1732–1775 |publisher=Duke University Press |year=1964 |isbn=978-1933202181|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5vB4AAAAMAAJ}}
* {{cite book |last=Kwasny |first=Mark Vincent |title=Washington's Partisan War, 1775–1783 |publisher=Kent State University Press |year=1998 |isbn=978-0873386111 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=XRSE1wXjHqAC}}
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* {{cite book |last=Leckie |first=Robert |title=George Washington's War: The Saga of the American Revolution |publisher=Harper Collins |year=2010 |orig-date=1993 |isbn=978-0062015365 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=eGqMbfTl3MQC}}
* {{cite book|last=Leibiger|first=Stuart E.|title=Founding Friendship: George Washington, James Madison, and the Creation of the American Republic|year=1999|publisher=University Press of Virginia|location=Charlottesville|isbn=0813918820 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=TR31VE5FHE4C}}
* {{cite book|last=Lengel|first=Edward G.|title=General George Washington: A Military Life|year=2005|publisher=Random House|location=New York|isbn=1400060818|author-link=Edward G. Lengel|url=https://archive.org/details/generalgeorgewas00leng}}
* {{cite book |last=Lengel |first=Edward G. |author-mask=2 |title=A Companion to George Washington  |publisher=John Wiley & Sons |year=2012  |isbn=978-1118219928 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=j_4HT0B03qoC&q=%22battle+of+brooklyn%22}}
* {{cite book |last=Lengel |first=Edward  |title=First Entrepreneur: How George Washington Built His – and the Nation's – Prosperity |author-mask=2 |publisher=Edward Lengel |year=2016 |isbn=978-0306823480 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kqu6CgAAQBAJ}}
* {{cite book |last=Lewis |first=Thomas A.  |title=For King and Country: The Maturing of George Washington, 1748–1760 |publisher=HarperCollins Publishers |year=1993 |isbn=978-0060167776 |url=https://archive.org/details/forkingcountryma0000lewi|url-access=registration }}
* {{cite book|last=Lillback|first=Peter A.|author-link=Peter Lillback|title=George Washington's Sacred Fire|year=2006|publisher=Providence Forum Press|location=Bryn Mawr, Pa|isbn=097860525X|author2=Newcombe, Jerry |url=https://archive.org/details/georgewashington0000lill|url-access=registration}}, 1187 pages
* {{cite book|last=Lodge|first=Henry Cabot|title=George Washington|year=1889|publisher=Houghton, Mifflin and Co|location=Boston|oclc=659431169|author-link=Henry Cabot Lodge|volume=1 |isbn=978-0722284902|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=i0FMAAAAIAAJ}} &nbsp;<small>(eBook)</small>
* {{cite book|last=Lodge|first=Henry Cabot|title=George Washington|year=1889|publisher=Houghton, Mifflin and Co|location=Boston|oclc=659431169|author-link=Henry Cabot Lodge |author-mask=2 |volume=2 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=o9Ib77vDd8MC}} &nbsp;<small>(eBook)</small>

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* {{cite book|last=Mann|first=Barbara Alice|title=George Washington's War on Native America|year=2005|publisher=Praeger|location=Westport, Conn|isbn=0275981770}}
* {{cite book |last=Marling |first=Larl |title=George Washington Slept Here: Colonial Revivals and American Culture, 1876–1986 |publisher=Harvard University Press |year=1988 |url=https://archive.org/details/georgewashington0000marl |url-access=registration |isbn=978-0674349513}}
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        John Marshall -->
* {{cite book |last1=Marshall |first1=John  |author2-link=Bushrod Washington |last2=Washington, Bushrod |title=The life of George Washington |volume=1 |author-link=John Marshall |publisher=C.P. Wayne |year=1804 |oclc=03459836 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QD8FAAAAYAAJ}} &nbsp;<small>(eBook)</small>
:* {{cite book |last1=Marshall |first1=John |author-mask=2 |first2=Bushrod  |last2=Washington |title=The life of George Washington |volume=2 |publisher=C.P. Wayne |year=1804 |oclc=3658046 |url=https://archive.org/details/lifegeorgewashi03washgoog}} &nbsp;<small>(eBook)</small>
:* {{cite book |last=Marshall |first=John |author-mask=2 |title=The life of George Washington |volume=3 |publisher=C.P. Wayne |year=1804 |oclc=3658046 |url=https://archive.org/details/lifegeorgewashi00marsgoog}} &nbsp;<small>(eBook)</small>
:* {{cite book |last=Marshall |first=John |author-mask=2 |title=The life of George Washington |volume=4 |publisher=C.P. Wayne |year=1804 |oclc=1548385 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=miAFAAAAYAAJ}} &nbsp;<small>(eBook)</small>
:* {{cite book |last=Marshall |first=John |author-mask=2 |title=The life of George Washington |volume=5 |publisher=C.P. Wayne |year=1807 |oclc=1548385 |url=https://archive.org/details/lifegeorgewashi03marsgoog}} &nbsp;<small>(eBook)</small>
:* {{librivox book | title=The life of Washington | author=John Marshall}} &nbsp;<small>(audio book, 5 volumes)</small>
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::*Foran, William A.  "John Marshall as a Historian" ''American Historical Review'' 43#1 (1937) pp. 51–64 [https://www.jstor.org/stable/1840187 online]
* {{cite book|last=McDonald|first=Forrest|title=The Presidency of George Washington|year=1974|publisher=University Press of Kansas|location=Lawrence, Kan|isbn=0700601104|author-link=Forrest McDonald|url=https://archive.org/details/presidencyofgeo000mcdo}}
* {{cite book |last=McGuire |first=Edward Charles |publisher=Harper & Brothers |title=The Religious Opinions and Character of Washington |year=1836 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=P7gf_X-mA1wC}} &nbsp;<small>(eBook)</small>
* {{cite book|last=Morgan|first=Edmund S.|title=The Genius of George Washington|year=1980|publisher=Norton|location=New York|isbn=0393014401|author-link=Edmund Morgan (historian) |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=t35UQ6AtbfQC}}
* {{cite book |last=Middlekauff |first=Robert  |title=Washington's Revolution: The Making of America's First Leader |year=2015 |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=F01ABAAAQBAJ|isbn=978-1101874240 }} (Excerpt: the revolution from General Washington's perspective)
* {{cite book |last=Mitchell |first=Silas Weir   |title=The youth of Washington : told in the form of an autobiography  |publisher=The Century Co., New York |year=1904 |url=https://archive.org/details/youthwashington00unkngoog}} {{librivox book | title=Youth of Washington | author=Silas Weir Mitchell}}
* {{cite book|last=Morrison|first=Jeffry H.|title=The Political Philosophy of George Washington|year=2009|publisher=Johns Hopkins University Press|location=Baltimore, Md|isbn=978-0801891090}}
* {{cite book |last1=Guizot |first1=M. Francis |first2=Henry |last2=Reeve |title=Washington |publisher=John Murray |year=1840 |url=https://archive.org/stream/washington00fragoog#page/n8/mode/2up}} &nbsp;<small>(eBook)</small>
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* {{cite book |last=Nelson |first=James |title=George Washington's Secret Navy: How the American Revolution Went to Sea |year=2008 |publisher=McGraw Hill Professional |url=https://archive.org/details/georgewashington0000nels |url-access=registration |isbn=978-0071643429}}
* {{cite book |last=Nelson |first=James |author-mask=2 |title=George Washington's Great Gamble: And the Sea Battle That Won the American Revolution |year=2010 |publisher=McGraw Hill Professional |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mpLtkI9KoLsC|isbn=978-0071743174}}
* Novak, Michael. ''Washington's God: Religion, Liberty, and the Father of Our Country'' (Basic Books, 2007). 
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* {{cite book|last=O'Brien|first=Conor Cruise|title=First in Peace: How George Washington Set the Course for America|year=2009|publisher=Da Capo Press|location=Cambridge|isbn=978-0306816192|author-link=Conor Cruise O'Brien|others=Foreword by [[Christopher Hitchens]]|url=https://archive.org/details/firstinpeacehowg00obri}}
* O'Connell, Robert L. ''Revolutionary: George Washington at War'' (Random House, 2019). [https://www.amazon.com/Revolutionary-George-Washington-at-War/dp/0812996992/ excerpt]
* O'Keefe, Kieran J. "Faith before Creed: The Private and Public Religion of George Washington." ''Journal of Religious History'' 43.3 (2019): 400–418. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-9809.12607
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* {{cite book |last=Palmer |first=Dave Richard |title=George Washington's Military Genius |publisher=Regnery Publishing |year=2012 |isbn=978-1596983137 |url=https://archive.org/details/georgewashington0000palm|url-access=registration }}
* {{cite book |last=Paulding |first=James Kirke  |title=A Life of Washington |volume=1 |author-link=James Kirke Paulding |publisher=George Clark and Son |year=1835 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HMREAAAAIAAJ}} <small>(eBook)</small>
* {{cite book |last=Paulding |first=James Kirke |title=A Life of Washington |volume=2 |author-mask=2 |publisher=George Clark and Son |year=1835 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7phDAQAAMAAJ}} <small>(eBook)</small>
* {{cite book|last=Peterson|first=Barbara Bennett|title=George Washington, America's Moral Exemplar|year=2005|publisher=Nova History Publications|location=New York|isbn=1594542309}}
* {{cite book|last=Phelps|first=Glenn A.|title=George Washington and American Constitutionalism|year=1993|publisher=University Press of Kansas|location=Lawrence, Kan|isbn=0700605649 |url=https://archive.org/details/georgewashington0000phel|url-access=registration}}
* {{cite book |last=Prussing |first=Eugene Ernst  |title=The estate of George Washington, deceased |publisher=Little, Brown, and Company |year=1927 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=bIwGAQAAIAAJ}}
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* {{cite book |last=Ramsay |first=David |title=The Life of George Washington: Commander in Chief of the Armies of the United States of America, Throughout the War which Established Their Independence, and First President of the United States |publisher=Joseph Jewett, and cushing & Sons |year=1832 |url=https://archive.org/details/lifegeorgewashi01ramsgoog}} &nbsp;<small>(eBook)</small>
* {{cite book|last=Randall|first=Willard Sterne|title=George Washington: A Life|year=1997|publisher=Henry Holt & Co|location=New York|isbn=0805027793|author-link=Willard Sterne Randall|url=https://archive.org/details/georgewashington00rand}}
* {{cite book|last1=Rasmussen|first1=William M. S.|title=George Washington – the Man Behind the Myths|year=1999|publisher=University Press of Virginia|location=Charlottesville|isbn=0813919002|first2=Robert S.|last2=Tilton|url=https://archive.org/details/georgewashington00rasm}}
* {{cite book|last=Reed |first=Anna C. |title=Life of Washington |publisher=American Sunday school union |year=1832 |isbn=978-0890515785 |url=https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780890515785 }}
* {{cite encyclopedia |last=Rowe |first=Jonathan |editor-first=Ronald |editor-last=Hamowy |editor-link=Ronald Hamowy |encyclopedia=The Encyclopedia of Libertarianism |title= Washington, George (1732–1799) |year=2008 |publisher= [[SAGE Publishing|Sage]], [[Cato Institute]] |location= Thousand Oaks, CA |isbn= 978-1412965804 |oclc=750831024| lccn = 2008009151 |pages=535–37 |doi=10.4135/9781412965811.n325 }}
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* {{cite book|last=Schmidt |first=Ferdinand | author-link=Ferdinand Schmidt (Author) | title=George Washington |url=http://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/60236 }} {{librivox book | title=George Washington | author=Ferdinand Schmidt}}
* {{cite book |last=Scudder |first=Horace Elisha |title=George Washington: An Historical Biography |publisher=Houghton, Mifflin |year=1889 |url=https://archive.org/details/georgewashingto02scudgoog}} &nbsp;<small>(eBook)</small>
* {{cite book |last=Simpson |first=Stephen |author-link=Stephen Simpson (writer) |year=1833 |title=The lives of George Washington and Thomas Jefferson with a parallel |publisher=Henry Young Printers, Philadelphia |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=P7-KPwAACAAJ|isbn=978-1104351892 }}
* {{cite book|last=Smith|first=Richard Norton|title=Patriarch: George Washington and the New American Nation|year=1993|publisher=Houghton Mifflin|location=Boston|isbn=0395524423|author-link=Richard Norton Smith|url=https://archive.org/details/patriarchgeorgew00smit}}
* {{cite book |last=Sparks |first=Jared |year=1839 |author-link=Jared Sparks |title=The Life of George Washington |publisher=Ferdinand Andrews, Boston |url=https://archive.org/details/lifegeorgewashi00spargoog}} &nbsp;<small>(eBook)</small>
* {{cite book |last=Sparks |first=Jared |author-mask=2|title=The life of George Washington, commander-in-chief of the American armies, and first president of the United States |volume=2 |publisher=London Henry Colburn Publishers |year=1839 |url=https://archive.org/details/lifeofgeorgewash02spariala}} &nbsp;<small>(eBook)</small>
* {{Cite book| publisher = Dutton| last = Stewart| first = David O.| title = George Washington: The Political Rise of America's Founding Father| date = 2021 |location=New York}}
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* {{cite book |last=Thompson |first=Ray |title=Washington at Germantown |publisher=Bicentennial Press |year=1971 |asin=B0006CC2FS |url=https://www.amazon.com/Washington-at-Germantown-Ray-Thompson/dp/B0006CC2FS}}
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* {{cite book |last=Washington |first=Austin |title=The Education of George Washington: How a forgotten book shaped the character of a hero |publisher=Regnery Publishing |year=2014 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=05bmAgAAQBAJ|isbn=978-1621572053 }}
* {{cite book |last=Weems |first=Mason Locke |title=The Life of George Washington: With Curious Anecdotes, Equally Honourable to Himself, and Exemplary to His Young Countrymen |author-link=Mason Locke Weems |publisher=Joseph Allen Publishers |year=1833 |orig-date=1800 |url=https://archive.org/details/lifegeorgewashi04weemgoog}}
* {{cite book |last=Wilson |first=Woodrow |year=2004 |orig-date=1905 |title=George Washington |publisher=Cosimo, Inc.; Original publisher: Harper and Brothers |isbn=1596050071 |author-link=Woodrow Wilson |url=https://archive.org/details/georgewashingto01wilsgoog}}
* {{cite book |last=Wister |first=Owen  |title=The seven ages of Washington; a biography  |author-link=Owen Wister |publisher=New York, The Macmillan Company |year=1907 |url=https://archive.org/details/sevenageswashin04wistgoog}} &nbsp;<small>(eBook)</small>
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==Events, government and ideas==
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* {{cite book |last=Alberts |first=Robert C.  |title=A charming field for an encounter: the story of George Washington's Fort Necessity |publisher=National Park Service, U.S. Dept. of the Interior |year=1975 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Q5WrTT0VfFsC}}
* {{cite book |last=Allen |first=William Barclay |title=George Washington: America's First Progressive |publisher=Peter Lang |year=2008 |isbn=978-1433103711 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=gjnBTUVO28oC}}
* {{cite book|last=Anderson |first=Fred |author-link=Fred Anderson (historian) |title=Crucible of War: The Seven Years' War and the Fate of Empire in British North America, 1754–1766 |location=New York |publisher=Alfred A. Knopf |year=2006 |orig-date=2000 |isbn=978-0375406423 |url=https://archive.org/details/crucibleofwarsev00ande_0 }}
* {{cite book|last=Anderson |first=Fred |author-mask=2 |title=The War That Made America: A Short History of the French and Indian War |location=New York |publisher=Viking |year=2006 |isbn=978-0670034543 |url=https://archive.org/details/warthatmadeameri00ande }}
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* {{cite book |last=Baldwin |first=Leland D. |title=Whiskey Rebels: The Story of a Frontier Uprising |publisher=University of Pittsburgh Press |year=1939  |isbn=978-0822990536 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8I4_mYLkVFEC&q=washington}}
* {{cite book |last=Bartoloni-Tuazon |first=Kathleen  |title=For Fear of an Elective King: George Washington and the Presidential Title Controversy of 1789 |publisher=Cornell University Press |year=2014 |isbn=978-0801471902 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1DVtBAAAQBAJ}}
* {{cite book |last=Beck |first=Derek W. |title=The War Before Independence: 1775–1776 |publisher=Sourcebooks, Inc. |year=2016 |isbn=978-1492633105 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ILDkCwAAQBAJ&q=washington}}
* {{cite book |last=Bemis |first=Samuel Flagg  |title=The Diplomacy Of The American Revolution |publisher=Read Books Ltd |year=2013 |isbn=978-1447485155 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=sLR8CgAAQBAJ}}
* {{cite journal |last=Bickham |first=Troy O. |title=Sympathizing with Sedition? George Washington, the British Press, and British Attitudes during the American War of Independence |journal=The William and Mary Quarterly|date=January 2002|volume=59 |issue=1 |pages=101–122 |jstor=3491639|publisher=Omohundro Institute of Early American History and Culture|issn=0043-5597|doi=10.2307/3491639}}
* {{cite book |last=Binney |first=Horace |title=An inquiry into the formation of Washington's Farewell address  |author-link=Horace Binney |location=Philadelphia |publisher=Parry & McMillan |year=1859 |url=https://archive.org/details/aninquiryintofo02binngoog}} (eBook)
* {{cite book|last=Blackaby |first=Anita D. |title=Washington and the American Revolution: A Guide to the Campaigns in Pennsylvania & New Jersey |publisher=Council of American Revolutionary Sites |year=1986 |isbn=978-0961632304 |url=https://archive.org/details/washingtonameric00blac }}
* {{cite book |last=Bodle |first=Wayne  |title=Valley Forge Winter: Civilians and Soldiers in War |publisher=Penn State Press |year=2010 |isbn=978-0271045467 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-SnMfl_OPFgC}}
* {{cite book |last=Bordewich |first=Fergus M.  |title=The First Congress: How James Madison, George Washington, and a Group of Extraordinary Men Invented the Government |publisher=Simon and Schuster |year=2016 |isbn=978-1451692136 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Cj8jBQAAQBAJ}}
* {{cite book |last=Bowen |first=Clarence Winthrop  |title=The history of the Centennial celebration of the inauguration of George Washington as first president of the United States, Part 1 |publisher=D. Appleton and Company, New York |year=1892 |url=https://archive.org/details/historyofcentenn00bowe}}
* {{cite book |last=Boughton |first=Willis A. |title=The Battle of Brooklyn |publisher=Exposition Press |year=1944 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Q0pFAAAAIAAJ}}
* {{cite book |last=Breen |first=T.H. |title=George Washington's Journey: The President Forges a New Nation |publisher=Simon and Schuster |year=2016 |isbn=978-1451675443 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=y67_BgAAQBAJ}}
* {{cite journal |last1=Breen |first1=Eleanor E. |last2=White |first2=Esther C. |title=A Pretty Considerable Distillery{{snd}}Excavating George Washington's Whiskey Distillery |journal=Quarterly Bulletin of the Archeological Society of Virginia |volume=61 |issue=4 |publisher=[[Archeological Society of Virginia]] |year=2006 |access-date=November 4, 2011 |url=http://www.mountvernon.org/sites/mountvernon.org/files/Breen-White%20Distillery.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111224193148/http://www.mountvernon.org/sites/mountvernon.org/files/Breen-White%20Distillery.pdf |archive-date=December 24, 2011 }}
* {{cite book|last=Busch |first=Noel Fairchild |title=Winter Quarters: George Washington and the Continental Army at Valley Forge |publisher=Liveright publishers |year=1974 |isbn=978-0871405876 |url=https://archive.org/details/winterquartersge00busc }}
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* {{cite book |first=Gerald M. |last=Carbone |title= Washington: Lessons in Leadership |publisher=Palgrave Macmillan |year=2010 |isbn=978-0230617070 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=aH1niexE61AC}}
* {{cite book |last=Carson |first=Hampton L. |year=1919 |title=Washington at Valley Forge |publisher=The Pennsylvania Magazine of History and Biography |author-link=Hampton L. Carson (lawyer) |url=https://archive.org/details/jstor-20086373}} (eBook)
* {{cite book |last=Carp |first=E. Wayne  |title=To Starve the Army at Pleasure: Continental Army Administration and American Political Culture, 1775–1783 |publisher=UNC Press Books |year=1990 |isbn=978-0807842690 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DL66YCXMbZ8C}}
* {{cite book |last=Clary |first=David A.  |title=George Washington's First War: His Early Military Adventures |publisher=Simon and Schuster |year=2011 |isbn=978-1439181126 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=cq7Mwvru8nAC}}
* {{cite book |last=Cleland  |first=Hugh |title=George Washington in the Ohio Valley |publisher=University of Pittsburgh Press |year=1956  |isbn=978-0822975373 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YHGmzn1RdUMC}}
* {{cite journal |last=Cohen |first=Sheldon S.  |title=Monuments to Greatness: George Dance, Charles Polhill, and Benjamin West's Design for a Memorial to George Washington |journal=Virginia Magazine of History and Biography |date=April 1991 |volume=99 |issue=2 |pages=187–203 |jstor=4249215}}
* {{cite book |last=Combs |first=Jerald A.  |title=The Jay Treaty: Political Battleground of the Founding Fathers |publisher=University of California Press |year=1970 |isbn=978-0520015739 |url=https://archive.org/details/jaytreatypolitic0000comb|url-access=registration }}
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* {{cite book |last=Davis |first=Burke |title=George Washington and the American Revolution |publisher=Random House |year=1975 |isbn=978-0394463889 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pT92AAAAMAAJ}}
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* {{cite book |last1=Edling |first1=Max |last2=Kastor |first2=Peter J. |title=Washington's Government: Charting the Origins of the Federal Administration |publisher=B. Fagal, Princeton University |year=2021 |isbn=978-0813946146 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dq4BEAAAQBAJ&q=risjord,+The+Early+American+Party+System,+review }}
* {{cite book|last1=Elkins|first1=Stanley M.|author-link1=Stanley Elkins|first2=Eric|last2=McKitrick |title=The Age of Federalism |publisher=Oxford University Press |location=New York|year=1995|orig-date=1993|isbn=978-0195093810 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9AhpAgAAQBAJ}} the leading scholarly history of the 1790s
* {{cite book |last=Ellis |first=Joseph J. |title=The Quartet: Orchestrating the Second American Revolution, 1783–1789 |publisher=Knopf Doubleday Publishing Group |year=2015 |isbn=978-0385353410 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Z31oBAAAQBAJ&q=washington}}
* {{cite journal|last=Estes|first=Todd|title=The Art of Presidential Leadership: George Washington and the Jay Treaty|journal=Virginia Magazine of History and Biography|volume=109|publisher=[[Virginia Historical Society]]|issue=2|pages=127–58|year=2001|url=http://www.vahistorical.org/publications/Abstract_1092_Estes.htm|issn=0042-6636|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111205052653/http://vahistorical.org/publications/Abstract_1092_Estes.htm|archive-date=2011-12-05}}
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* {{cite book|last=Falkof |first=Lucille |title=George Washington, 1st President of the United States |publisher=Garrett Educational Corporation |year=1989 |isbn=978-0944483190 |url=https://archive.org/details/georgewashington0000falk }}
* {{cite book |title=Almost a Miracle |last=Ferling |first=John |publisher=Oxford University Press |year=2007 |isbn=978-0199758470 |url=https://archive.org/details/almostmiracleam00ferl|url-access=registration }}
* {{cite book |last=Fitzpatrick |first=John Clement |title=The George Washington Scandals, Volume 356 |author-link=John Clement Fitzpatrick |publisher=Washington Society of Alexandria |year=1929 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=woUBAAAAMAAJ}}
* {{cite book |last=Fitzpatrick |first=John Clement |title=The Spirit of the Revolution: New Light from Some of the Original Sources of American History |author-mask=2 |publisher=Associated Faculty Pr Inc |year=1970 |orig-date=1924 |isbn=978-0804612685 }}
* {{cite book |last=Fiske |first=John  |title=The American Revolution, Volume 1 |author-link=John Fiske (philosopher) |publisher=Houghton Mifflin |year=1891 |url=https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_PqAQerR9kbsC}}
* {{cite book |last=Fiske |first=John  |title=The American Revolution, Volume 2 |author-mask=2 |publisher=Riverside Press |year=1896 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=w2woAAAAYAAJ&pg=PP1}}
* {{cite book |year=2015 |title=The Great Divide: The Conflict between Washington and Jefferson that Defined a Nation |publisher=Da Capo Press |isbn=978-0306821271 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=UfrQDQAAQBAJ&q=canal}}
* {{cite book |last=Fowler |first=William M. |title=American Crisis: George Washington and the Dangerous Two Years After Yorktown, 1781–1783 |date=4 October 2011 |publisher=Bloomsbury Publishing USA |isbn=978-0802778093 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8kFPK_K7aZ4C}}
* {{cite book |last=Freedman |first=Russell |title=Washington at Valley Forge|year=2008|publisher=Holiday House|location=New York|isbn=978-0823420698 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Wvsa_84pGnIC}}
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* {{cite book |last=Gallagher |first=John J |title=The Battle of Brooklyn 1776 |publisher=Da Capo Press |year=2009 |isbn=978-0786751327 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0iMtb02JPtoC}}
* {{cite book |last=Galowitz  |first=Sam W. |title=Revolutionary War, Battle of Brooklyn  |publisher=Xlibris Corporation |year=2007  |isbn=978-1425768607 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mDpyPQAACAAJ}}
* {{cite book |last1=Gingrich  |first1=Newt |last2=Forstchen |first2=William R.  |last3=Hanser |first3=Albert S.  |title=Valley Forge: George Washington and the Crucible of Victory  |publisher=St. Martin's Press  |year=2010  |isbn=978-1429939782 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=t9XWY5VKJSkC}}
* {{cite book |last=Greenberg |first=Allan Carl  |title=George Washington, Architect |publisher=Papadakis Publisher |year=1999 |isbn=978-1901092189 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=70T9jZwbAY8C}}
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* {{cite book |last=Harned |first=David Baily|title=Leadership and Unnatural Virtues: George Washington and the Patience of Power; In ''Patience: How We Wait Upon the World''|publisher=Wipf & Stock |year=2015 |isbn=978-1498217583|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=lUloBgAAQBAJ}} Revised and excerpted as "George Washington and the Patience of Power." ''Modern Age: A Quarterly Review'' 57, no. 4 (Fall 2015): 35–43.
* {{cite book |last1=Heidler |first1=David S.  |last2=Heidler |first2=Jeanne |title=Washington's Circle: The Creation of the President |publisher=Random House Publishing Group |year=2015 |isbn=978-0679603832 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Pj6JBAAAQBAJ}}
* {{cite journal|last=Higginbotham|first=Don|title=The Washington Theme in Recent Historical Literature|journal=[[Pennsylvania Magazine of History and Biography]]|date=July 1, 1990|publisher=Historical Society of Pennsylvania|volume=114|issue=3|pages=423–38|url=http://dpubs.libraries.psu.edu/DPubS?service=UI&version=1.0&verb=Display&page=record&handle=psu.pmhb/1172682566|author-link=Don Higginbotham}}
*{{cite book |last=Hogeland |first=William |title=The Whiskey Rebellion |publisher=Schriber |year=2006 |isbn=978-0743254908 |url=https://archive.org/details/whiskeyrebellion00hoge|url-access=registration }}
* {{cite book |last=Hough |first=Franklin Benjamin |title=Washingtoniana, or, Memorials of the death of George Washington : giving an account of the funeral honors paid to his memory, with a list of tracts and volumes printed upon the occasion |year=1865 |url=https://archive.org/details/washingtonianao00woodgoog}}
* {{ cite book |last=Hünemörder |first=Markus  |title=The Society of the Cincinnati: Conspiracy and Distrust in Early America |publisher=Berghahn Books |year=2006 |isbn=978-1845451073 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Ywpr7Ed7UVwC&q=washington}} (Washington was president of the Society)
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* {{cite book |last=Jenkins |first=Charles Francis  |title=Washington in Germantown: Being an Account of the Various Visits of the Commander-in-chief and First President to Germantown, Pennsylvania |publisher=W.J. Campbell |year=1905 |url=https://archive.org/details/washingtoninger00jenkgoog}} (eBook)
* {{cite book |title=The campaign of 1776 around New York and Brooklyn |last=Johnston |first=Henry Phelps |year= 1878 |location=Brooklyn, N.Y. |publisher=Long island historical Society |url=https://archive.org/details/ldpd_11290380_000}} (eBook)
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* {{cite book |last=Kahler |first=Gerald E. |title=Washington in glory, America in tears |publisher=University of Virginia Press |year=2003 }}
* {{cite book |last=Kahler |first=Gerald E.  |title=The Long Farewell: Americans Mourn the Death of George Washington |author-mask=2 |publisher=University of Virginia Press |year=2008 |isbn=978-0813927503 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Iw8aAQAAIAAJ}}
* {{cite book |last1=Kilmeade |first1=Brian  |last2=Don  |first2=Yaege |title=George Washington's Secret Six: The Spy Ring That Saved the American Revolution |publisher=Penguin Press |year=2013 |isbn=978-0698137653 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=S-8QE2uCbScC}}
* {{cite journal |last=Kohn |first=Richard H. |title=The Inside History of the Newburgh Conspiracy |journal= The William and Mary Quarterly |volume=27 |issue=2 |pages=187–220  |year=1970 |jstor=1918650|doi=10.2307/1918650 }}
* {{cite journal |last=Kohn |first=Richard H. |title=The Washington's Administration to Crush the Whiskey rebellion |author-mask=2 |publisher=Free Press |year=1972 |jstor=1900658 |journal=The Journal of American History |volume=59 |issue=3 |pages=567–584 |doi=10.2307/1900658 }}
* {{cite book|last=Kohn |first=Richard H. |author-mask=2 |title=Eagle and Sword: The Federalists and the Creation of the Military Establishment in America, 1783–1802 |publisher=Oxford University Press |year=1975 |isbn=978-0029175514 |url=https://archive.org/details/eagleswordfed00kohn }}
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* {{cite news|last=LaBan|first=Craig|title=Hercules: Washington's Chef|url=http://www.philly.com/philly/hot_topics/84718777.html|newspaper=[[The Philadelphia Inquirer]]|date=February 21, 2010}}
* {{cite book |last=Larson |first=Edward |title=The Return of George Washington: Uniting the States, 1783–1789 |publisher=Harper Collins |year=2014 |isbn=978-0062248695 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=COpzAwAAQBAJ}}
* {{cite book |last=Lefkowitz |first=Arthur S.  |title=George Washington's Indispensable Men: The 32 Aides-de-camp who Helped Win American Independence |publisher=Stackpole Books |year=2003 |isbn=978-0811716468 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2tM_3w2mv1sC}}
* Lender, Mark Edward, and Garry Wheeler Stone. ''Fatal Sunday: George Washington, the Monmouth Campaign, and the Politics of Battle'' (University of Oklahoma Press, 2016).
* Loss, Richard. "The Political Thought of President George Washington." ''Presidential Studies Quarterly'' 19#3 (1989): 471–490. [https://www.jstor.org/stable/40574366 online]
* {{cite book |first=Benson John |last=Lossing |author-link=Benson John Lossing |title=Washington and the American republic |volume=1 |publisher=New York, Virtue & Yorston |year=1870 |url=https://archive.org/details/washingtonameric01loss}} <small>(eBook)</small>
* {{cite book |first=Benson John |last=Lossing |title=Washington and the American republic |volume=2 |author-mask=2 |year=1870 |url=https://archive.org/details/washingtonameric02loss}} <small>(eBook)</small>
* {{cite book |first=Benson John |last=Lossing |title=Washington and the American republic |volume=3 |author-mask=2 |year=1870 |url=https://archive.org/details/washingtonameric03loss}} <small>(eBook)</small>

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* {{cite book |last=McDonald |first=Robert M. S.  |title=Sons of the Father: George Washington and His Protégés |publisher=University of Virginia Press |year=2013 |isbn=978-0813934396 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dBJGLyGFuPgC}}
* {{cite book |last=Manca |first=Joseph |title=George Washington's Eye: Landscape, Architecture, and Design at Mount Vernon |publisher=JHU Press |year=2012 |isbn=978-1421405612 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OrKekahs6jYC}}
* {{cite book |last=Mazyck |first=Walter H.  |title=George Washington and the Negro |publisher=Associated Publishers, Incorporated |year=1932 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QsREAAAAIAAJ}}
* {{cite book |last=McCullough |first=David |title=1776 |author-link=David McCullough |publisher=Simon and Schuster |year=2005 |isbn=978-0743287708 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=uu1mC6zWNTwC&q=washington}} [[1776 (book)|WP article: 1776]]
* {{cite book|last=Miller|first=John Chester|title=The Federalist Era, 1789–1801|year=1960|publisher=Harper|location=New York|oclc=425211 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FsZxAAAAMAAJ|isbn=978-0061330278}}
* {{cite journal|last=Muñoz|first=Vincent Phillip|title=George Washington on Religious Liberty|journal=The Review of Politics|date=Winter 2003|volume=65|issue=1|pages=11–33|jstor=1408786|issn=0034-6705|publisher=University of Notre Dame|doi=10.1017/S0034670500036512|s2cid=145801676}}
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* {{cite book |last=Penniman |first=James Hosmer |title=George Washington at Mount Vernon on the Potomac  |publisher=The Mount Vernon Ladies Association of the Union |year=1951 |url=https://archive.org/details/georgewashingto01uniogoog}}
* {{cite book |last=Philbrick |first=Nathaniel  |title=Valiant Ambition: George Washington, Benedict Arnold, and the Fate of the American Revolution |publisher=Penguin Press |year=2016 |isbn=978-0698153233 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wZ1iCgAAQBAJ}}
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* {{cite book |last=Ray |first=Smith Eugnie Marie |title=The Battle of Brooklyn |publisher=BiblioBazaar |year=2009  |isbn=978-1113547613 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2OF8nauFEWAC}}
* {{cite book |last=Richards |first=Dave |title=Swords in Their Hands: George Washington and the Newburgh Conspiracy |publisher=Pisgah Press |year=2014 |isbn=978-0985387587 }}
* {{cite book |last=Royster |first=Charles |title=A Revolutionary People at War: The Continental Army and American Character, 1775–1783 |publisher=University of North Carolina Press |year=1979 |isbn=978-0807846063 |url=https://archive.org/details/revolutionarypeo0000roys|url-access=registration }}
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* {{cite book |last=Sears |first=Louis Martin  |title=George Washington & the French Revolution |publisher=Wayne State University Press |year=1960 |url=https://archive.org/details/georgewashington0000sear|url-access=registration }}
* {{cite book |last=Slaughter |first=Philip |title=Christianity, the Key to the Character and Career of Washington: A Discourse Delivered Before the Ladies of the Mt. Vernon Association |year=1886 |publisher=T. Whittaker |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GDcvAAAAYAAJ}} (eBook)
* {{cite journal|last=Spalding|first=Matthew|title=George Washington's Farewell Address|journal=[[The Wilson Quarterly]]|date=Autumn 1996|volume=20|issue=4|url=http://wilsonquarterly.org/article.cfm?AID=5232&AT=1|pages=65–71|publisher=Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars|issn=0363-3276|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120502203630/http://wilsonquarterly.org/article.cfm?AID=5232&AT=1|archive-date=2012-05-02}}
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* {{cite journal|last=Vadakan|first=Vibul V. |title=A Physician Looks At The Death of Washington|journal=The Early America Review|date=Winter–Spring 2005|volume=6|issue=1|url=http://www.earlyamerica.com/review/2005_winter_spring/washingtons_death.htm|issn=1090-4247|publisher=DEV Communications}}
*{{Cite book |last=Varg |first=Paul A. |title=Foreign Policies of the Founding Fathers |year=1963 |location=Baltimore |publisher=Penguin Books|url=https://archive.org/details/foreignpolicieso00varg_0 }}

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* {{cite web|last=Wallenborn|first=White McKenzie |title=George Washington's Terminal Illness: A Modern Medical Analysis of the Last Illness and Death of George Washington|url=http://gwpapers.virginia.edu/articles/wallenborn.html|work=[[The Papers of George Washington]]|publisher=University of Virginia|date=5 November 1997|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050413173210/http://gwpapers.virginia.edu/articles/wallenborn.html|archive-date=13 April 2005}}
* {{cite book|last=White|first=Leonard D.|title=The Federalists: A Study in Administrative History |year=1948 |publisher=Macmillan Co|location=New York|oclc=1830658 |author-link=Leonard D. White |url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.59395}}
* {{cite book |last1=Williams |first1=Tony |last2=Knott |first2=Stephen F |title=Washington and Hamilton: The Alliance That Forged America |publisher=Sourcebooks, Inc |year=2015 |isbn=978-1492609841 |url=https://archive.org/details/washingtonhamilt0000knot|url-access=registration }}
* {{cite journal|last=Wood|first=Gordon S.|title=The Greatness of George Washington|journal=The Virginia Quarterly Review|date=Spring 1992|volume=68|issue=2|pages=189–207|url=http://www.vqronline.org/articles/1992/spring/wood-greatness-george-washington/|author-link=Gordon S. Wood|publisher=University of Virginia|issn=2154-6932}}
* {{cite book |last=Wrong |first=George McKinnon |title=Washington and his comrades in arms; a chronicle of the war of independence |publisher=Yale University Press, New Haven |year=1921 |url=https://archive.org/details/washingtonandhi01wrongoog}} <small>(eBook)</small>

===Espionage===
* Allen, Thomas B. ''George Washington, Spymaster: How the Americans Outspied the British and Won the Revolutionary War'' (2004)
* Harty, Jared B. "George Washington: Spymaster and General Who Saved the American Revolution" (Staff paper,  No. ATZL-SWV. Army Command And General Staff College Fort Leavenworth, School Of Advanced Military Studies, 2012) [https://apps.dtic.mil/sti/pdfs/ADA566174.pdf online].
* Kaplan, Roger. "The Hidden War: British Intelligence Operations during the American Revolution." ''William and Mary Quarterly'' (1990) 47#1: 115–138.  [https://www.jstor.org/stable/2938043 online]
* Kilmeade, Brian, and Don Yaeger. ''George Washington's Secret Six: The Spy Ring that Saved the American Revolution'' (Penguin, 2016).
* Mahoney, Harry Thayer, and Marjorie Locke Mahoney. ''Gallantry in action: A biographic dictionary of espionage in the American revolutionary war'' (University Press of America, 1999).
* Misencik, Paul R. ''Sally Townsend, George Washington's Teenage Spy'' (McFarland, 2015).
* O'Toole, George J.A. ''Honorable Treachery: A History of US Intelligence, Espionage, and Covert Action from the American Revolution to the CIA'' (2nd ed. 2014).
* {{cite book |last=Rose |first=Alexander |title=Washington's Spies: The Story of America's First Spy Ring |publisher=Random House Publishing Group |year=2007 |isbn=978-0307418708 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=K4lUeuo-UI8C}}
* Van Doren, Carl. ''Secret History of the American Revolution: An Account of the Conspiracies of Benedict Arnold and Numerous Others Drawn from the Secret Service'' (1941) [https://archive.org/details/secrethistoryofa00vand online free]

===Slavery===
* {{cite book |last=Dunbar |first=Erica Armstrong |title=Never Caught: The Washingtons' Relentless Pursuit of Their Runaway Slave, Ona Judge |publisher=Simon & Schuster |location=New York, New York |year=2017 |isbn=978-1501126390 | ref=none }}
* Furstenberg, François. "Atlantic Slavery, Atlantic Freedom: George Washington, Slavery, and Transatlantic Abolitionist Networks." ''William and Mary Quarterly'' 68.2 (2011): 247–286. [https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.5309/willmaryquar.68.2.0247 online]
* {{cite book|last=Hirschfeld|first=Fritz|title=George Washington and Slavery: A Documentary Portrayal|year=1997|publisher=University of Missouri Press|location=Columbia|isbn=0826211356 |url=https://archive.org/details/georgewashington00hirs|url-access=registration}}
* Morgan, Kenneth. "George Washington and the Problem of Slavery." ''Journal of American Studies'' 34#2 (2000): 279–301.
* Morgan, Philip D. "'To Get Quit of Negroes': George Washington and Slavery." ''Journal of American Studies'' 39#3 (2005): 403–429.
* Ragsdale, Bruce A.. ''Washington at the Plow: The Founding Farmer and the Question of Slavery'' (Harvard University Press, 2021) [http://www.h-net.org/reviews/showrev.php?id=57279 online review]
* {{cite book|last=Schwarz|first=Philip J.|title=Slavery at the Home of George Washington|year=2001|publisher=Mount Vernon Ladies' Association|location=Mount Vernon, Va|isbn=978-0931917387}}
* Thomas, Ebony Elizabeth, James Joshua Coleman, and Lindsay R. Cicchino. "George Washington and Slavery." ''Social Education'' 82.3 (2018): 143–148. [https://www.socialstudies.org/system/files/publications/articles/se_8203143_0.pdf online]
* Thompson, Mary V. ''[["The Only Unavoidable Subject of Regret"|"The Only Unavoidable Subject of Regret": George Washington, Slavery and the Enslaved Community at Mount Vernon]]''. 2019. University of Virginia Press.
* {{cite book|last=Wiencek|first=Henry|title=An Imperfect God: George Washington, His Slaves, and the Creation of America|year=2003|publisher=Farrar, Straus and Giroux|location=New York|isbn=0374175268|author-link=Henry Wiencek|url=https://archive.org/details/imperfectgodgeor00wien}}

===Historiography and memory===
{{Further|Legacy of George Washington|Mount Vernon|Washington Monument}}
* Brandt, Lydia Mattice. ''First in the Homes of His Countrymen: George Washington's Mount Vernon in the American Imagination'' (U of Virginia Press, 2016). xii, 284 pp
* {{cite book |last=Bruggerman |first=Seth C. |title=Here, George Washington Was Born: Memory, Material Culture, and the Public History of a National Monument |publisher=University of Georgia Press |year=2011 |isbn=978-0820342726 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=cnVi1eRJengC}}
* Cavitch, Max. ''The Man That Was Used Up: Poetry, Particularity, and the Politics of Remembering George Washington'' ''American Literature'' 75#2 (2003) {{doi |10.1215/00029831-75-2-247}} [https://read.dukeupress.edu/american-literature/article-pdf/75/2/247/390535/AL75_2-01.pdf online]
* Chinard, Gilbert, ed. ''George Washington as the French Knew Him: A Collection of Texts'' (Princeton UP, 1940).
* Cohen,  Sheldon S.  "Monuments to Greatness: George Dance, Charles Polhill, and Benjamin West's Design for a Memorial to George Washington." ''Virginia Magazine of History and Biography'' 99#2 (1991), pp.&nbsp;187–203  [https://www.jstor.org/stable/4249215 online]
* Drozdowski, Marian Marek, Ludwik Krzyzanowski, And Gerard T. Kapolka. "George Washington In Polish Historiography And Historical Periodicals." ''The Polish Review'' (1989): 127–172. [https://www.jstor.org/stable/25778426 online]
* Galke, Laura J. "Who’s the bomb? George’s mom! haunting biographies of George Washington." ''International Journal of Heritage Studies'' 25.7 (2019): 689–707. https://doi.org/10.1080/13527258.2018.1542332
* {{cite book |last=Grizzard |first=Frank E. Jr. |title=George Washington: A Biographical Companion|year=2002|publisher=ABC-CLIO|isbn=1576070824 |author-link=Frank E. Grizzard, Jr. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=RioTGCygpT8C}}
* {{cite book |last=Grizzard |first=Frank E. Jr. |author-mask=2 |title=George!: A Guide to All Things Washington |year=2005|publisher=Mariner Pub |isbn=0976823802 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=KOuzhE9vrGQC}}
*  Hay, Robert. "George Washington: American Moses," ''American Quarterly'' 21#4 (1969): 780–791 [https://www.jstor.org/stable/2711609 online]
* Knox, Amanda. "Imagining George Washington: A Historiography of George Washington in Historical Memory." ''North Alabama Historical Review'' 5.1 (2015): 7+. [https://ir.una.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1078&context=nahr online]
* Lengel, Edward G. ''Inventing George Washington: America's founder, in myth and memory'' (Harper Collins, 2011). [https://www.amazon.com/Inventing-George-Washington-Americas-Founder/dp/0061662585/ excerpt]
* {{cite book |last=Levy |first=Philip |title=Where the Cherry Tree Grew: The Story of Ferry Farm, George Washington's Boyhood Home |publisher=Macmillan & Co. |year=2013 |isbn=978-1250023148 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Dbh0XeajrOMC}}
* Longmore,  Paul K. ''The Invention of George Washington'' (Univ. of Virginia Press, 1999). 
* {{cite book |last=Madison |first=Ann |title=History of the George Washington bicentennial celebration |publisher=Washington, D.C., United States George Washington Bicentennial Commission |year=1932 |url=https://archive.org/details/historyofgeorgew01geor}} <small>(eBook)</small>
* Marling, Karal Ann. ''George Washington Slept Here: Colonial Revivals and American Culture, 1876–1986'' (Harvard University Press, 1988).
*  Olszewski, George J. ''A History of the Washington Monument, 1844–1968, Washington, D.C.'' (National Park Service, 1971). 
* {{cite book |last=Wilstach |first=Paul |title=Mount Vernon: Washington's Home and the Nation's Shrine |year=1918 |publisher=The Bobbs-Merrill Company}}
* Savage,  Kirk. ''Monument Wars: Washington, D.C., the National Mall, and the Transformation of the Memorial Landscape'' (2009). 
* Schwartz, Barry. "Social change and collective memory: The democratization of George Washington." ''American Sociological Review'' (1991): 221–236. [http://barryschwartzonline.com/Democratization%20of%20George%20Washington.pdf online]
* Schwartz, Barry. "George Washington and the Whig Conception of Heroic Leadership," ''American Sociological Review '' 48#1 (1983) : 18–33.
* {{cite book |last=Schwartz |first=Barry |title=George Washington: The Making of an American Symbol |publisher=Free Press |year=1987 |isbn=978-0029281413 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4GV2AAAAMAAJ}}
* {{cite book |last=Treese |first=Lorett  |title=Valley Forge: Making and Remaking a National Symbol |publisher=Penn State Press |year=2010  |isbn=978-0271041735 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ApjJUi_hTY0C}}
* [https://test.mountvernon.org/library/digitalhistory/digital-encyclopedia/article/george-washington-in-popular-culture/ "George Washington in Popular Culture"] ''Digital Encyclopedia of George Washington'' (2020)

==Primary sources==
{{further|Primary source|Manuscript}}
The greater volume of George Washington's known letters were first edited and published in the 19th century by several prominent historians. These works form the basis of all other such publications that followed.

* {{cite book |last=Washington|first=George|author-link=George Washington|title=The journal of Major George Washington: sent by the Hon. Robert Dinwiddie, Esq; His Majesty's Lieutenant-governor, and commander in chief of Virginia, to the commandant of the French forces on Ohio: To which are added, the governor's letter and a translation of the French officer's answer. With a new map of the country as far as the Mississippi |year=1754 |publisher=Williamsburgh printed, London, reprinted for T. Jefferys |location=London|oclc=67325346|url=https://archive.org/details/journalofmajorge00wash}}
* {{cite book|last=Washington|first=George |author-mask=2 |title=The Papers of George Washington|year=1983–1995|publisher=University Press of Virginia |location=Charlottesville|isbn=0813909120|editor=Abbot, W. W. |volume=10 |display-editors=etal|title-link=The Papers of George Washington }}
* {{cite book |editor=Allen, W. B |last=Washington |first=George |author-mask=2 |title=George Washington: A Collection |year=1988 |publisher=Liberty Classics |location=Indianapolis |isbn=0865970599|url=http://oll.libertyfund.org/title/848 }}
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* {{cite journal |last=Washington |first=George |author-mask=2  |editor-last=Baughman |editor-first=Roland  |title=Washington's Manuscript Diaries of 1795 and 1798 |journal=The Papers of the Bibliographical Society of America |volume=45 |issue=2 |pages=117–24  |year=1951 |jstor=24298667|doi=10.1086/pbsa.45.2.24298667 |s2cid=179397958 }}
* {{cite book |last=Washington |first=George |editor1-first=William K |editor1-last=Bixby |editor2-first=William Holland  |editor2-last=Samson |title=Letters from George Washington to Tobias Lear |author-mask=2 |publisher=Genesee press, Rochester, N.Y. |year=1905 |url=https://archive.org/details/lettersfromgeorg00wash}}
* {{cite book |last=Washington |first=George |editor1-first=Edward C |editor1-last=Boynton |editor2-first=Edward   |editor2-last=Carlisle |title=General orders of George Washington, Commander-in-Chief of the Army of Revolution, issued at Newburgh on the Hudson, 1782–1783 |publisher=Harrison, N.Y., Harbor Hill Books |year=1973 |author-mask=2 |url=https://archive.org/details/generalordersofg00unit}}
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* {{cite book |editor-last=Chinard |editor-first=Gilbert |title=George Washington as the French Knew Him: A Collection of Texts. |orig-date=1940 |year=1969 |location=New York |publisher=Greenwood Press |url=https://www.amazon.com/George-Washington-French-Knew-Him/dp/B0027E7NUM?ie=UTF8&*Version*=1&*entries*=0}}
* {{cite book |last=Corry |first=John |title=The life of George Washington, first president, and commander in chief of the armies of the United States of America;  |publisher=M'Carty & White |year=1809 |url=https://archive.org/details/lifeofgeorgewash00cor }}
* {{cite book |last=Corry |first=John |title=Biographical memoirs of the illustrious general George Washington, late president of the United States of America, and commander in chief of their armies during the Revolutionary War    |author-mask=2 |publisher=M'Carty & White |year=1810 |url=https://archive.org/details/biographicalmemo00corr }}

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* {{cite book |last=Washington |first=George |author-mask=2 |title=The Writings of Washington from the Original Manuscript Sources, 1745–1799. 39 vols. |editor-last=[[John Clement Fitzpatrick|Fitzpatrick, John Clement]] |location=Washington, D.C. |publisher=U.S. Govt. Printing Office; reprint, New York: Greenwood Press: United States George Washington Bicentennial Commission, and published by authority of Congress  |year=1970 |orig-date=1931–1944 |url=https://catalog.hathitrust.org/Record/000366819/Home}}; LC Call Number: E312.7 1931 &nbsp;[[Bibliography of George Washington#John Clement Fitzpatrick|<big>39</big> volume biographical listing]]
::* {{cite book |last=Washington |first=George |editor=[[John Clement Fitzpatrick]] |title=Calendar of the correspondence of George Washington, commander in chief of the Continental Army |volume=1|author-mask=2 |publisher=Government Printing Office |year=1915 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=cPNM4tUIxCwC&q=hazelwood}}
::* {{cite book |last=Washington |first=George |editor=[[John Clement Fitzpatrick]] |title=Calendar of the correspondence of George Washington, commander in chief of the Continental Army |volume=2|author-mask=2 |publisher=Government Printing Office |year=1915 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-OGTBC78ykMC}}
::* {{cite book |last=Washington |first=George |editor=[[John Clement Fitzpatrick]] |title=Calendar of the correspondence of George Washington, commander in chief of the Continental Army |volume=3|author-mask=2 |publisher=Government Printing Office |year=1915 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=T_RtnZNLXmoC}}
::* {{cite book |last=Washington |first=George |editor=[[John Clement Fitzpatrick]] |title=Calendar of the correspondence of George Washington, commander in chief of the Continental Army |volume=4|author-mask=2 |publisher=Government Printing Office |year=1915 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pENFaZfWbl0C}}
* {{cite book |editor=[[John Clement Fitzpatrick|Fitzpatrick, John Clement]] |last=Washington |first=George |title=The Last Will and Testament of George Washington & Schedule of His Property |publisher=Mount Vernon Ladies' Association of the Union |year=1939 |asin=B00CXK89RQ |url=https://archive.org/details/lastwilltestamen1939wash |ref=lastwill}}
:* {{cite book |last=Washington |first=George |editor1-first=John Clement |editor1-last=Fitzpatrick |title=The Diaries of George Washington, 1748–1799 |volume=1 |author-mask=2 |publisher=Houghton Mifflin |year=1925 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Y24sAAAAMAAJ}}
:* {{cite book |last=Washington |first=George |editor1-first=John Clement |editor1-last=Fitzpatrick |title=The Diaries of George Washington, 1748–1799 |volume=2 |author-mask=2 |publisher=Houghton Mifflin |year=1925 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=58IKAQAAIAAJ}}
:* {{cite book |last=Washington |first=George |editor1-first=John Clement |editor1-last=Fitzpatrick |title=The Diaries of George Washington, 1748–1799 |volume=3 |author-mask=2 |publisher=Houghton Mifflin |year=1925 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Lz40fZq2ia4C}}
:* {{cite book |last=Washington |first=George |editor1-first=John Clement |editor1-last=Fitzpatrick |title=The Diaries of George Washington, 1748–1799 |volume=4 |author-mask=2 |publisher=Houghton Mifflin |year=1925 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kMMKAQAAIAAJ}}
* {{cite book |last=Washington |first=George |author-mask=2 |title=The Writings of George Washington |year=1889–1893|publisher=G. P. Putnam's Sons |location=New York & London |oclc=1637240|editor-first=Worthington C |editor-last=Ford |editor1-link=Worthington C. Ford |volume=14 v|url=http://go.utlib.ca/cat/1074488}}
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:*{{cite book |last=Washington |first=George |author-mask=2 |editor-first=Stanislaus Murray |editor-last=Hamilton |title=Letters to Washington, and accompanying papers, 1752–1756 |volume=1 |publisher=The Society of the Colonial Dames of America  |year=1898 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=UoN6tkdByacC }}&nbsp; <small> (eBook)</small>
:*{{cite book |last=Washington |first=George |author-mask=2 |editor-first=Stanislaus Murray |editor-last=Hamilton |title=Letters to Washington, and accompanying papers, 1756–1758 |volume=2 |publisher=Houghton, Mifflin and Company  |year=1899 |isbn= 978-0722289112|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6lyoNSR9qdwC}}&nbsp; <small> (eBook)</small>
:*{{cite book |last=Washington |first=George |author-mask=2 |editor-first=Stanislaus Murray |editor-last=Hamilton |title=Letters to Washington, and accompanying papers, 1758–1770 |volume=3 |publisher=The Society of the Colonial Dames of America  |year=1898 |url=https://archive.org/details/letterstowashin00amergoog}}&nbsp; <small> (eBook)</small>
:*{{cite book |last=Washington |first=George |author-mask=2 |editor-first=Stanislaus Murray |editor-last=Hamilton |title=Letters to Washington, and accompanying papers, 1770–1774 |volume=4 |publisher=The Society of the Colonial Dames of America  |year=1898 |url=https://archive.org/details/letterstowashin02amergoog}}&nbsp; <small> (eBook)</small>
:*{{cite book |last=Washington |first=George |author-mask=2 |editor-first=Stanislaus Murray |editor-last=Hamilton |title=Letters to Washington, and accompanying papers, 1774–1775 |volume=5 |publisher=The Society of the Colonial Dames of America  |year=1898 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5okyuDTnB3oC}}&nbsp; <small> (eBook)</small>
* {{cite book |last=Washington |first=George |author-mask=2 |editor1-first=Archer Butler  |editor1-last=Hulbert |title=Washington and the West; being George Washington's diary of September, 1784  |publisher=Century Company, New York |year=1905 |url=https://archive.org/details/washingtonandwe03hulbgoog}}
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* {{cite book |editor-last=Kitman |editor-first=Marvin |last=Washington |first=George |author-mask=2 |title=George Washington's Expense Account |year=1970 |publisher=Simon and Schuster| location=New York |isbn=0671205897 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NG7H2uE3IhwC}}
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* {{cite book |last=Washington |first=George |author-mask=2 |editor-last=[[Jared Sparks]] |title=Letters and Recollections of George Washington:<br> <small>Being Letters to Tobias Lear and Others Between 1790 and 1799, Showing the First American in the Management of His Estate and Domestic Affairs</small>|author-link=Tobias Lear |publisher=Archibald Constable and Company Limited |year=1906 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-sotAAAAYAAJ}} <small>[https://archive.org/details/lettersfromgeorg00wash &nbsp; (eBook download options)]</small>

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* {{cite book|editor=Rhodehamel, John H|last=Washington|first=George|author-mask=2|title=Writings|year=1997|publisher=Library of America: Distributed by Penguin Books|location=New York|isbn=188301123X|url=https://archive.org/details/writings00wash}}
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* {{cite book |last=Washington |first=George |author-mask=2 |editor1-first=Julius Friedrich |editor1-last=Sachse |title=Washington's masonic correspondence as found among the Washington papers in the Library of Congress |publisher=Press of the New era printing company] |year=1915 |url=https://archive.org/details/washingtonsmaso00unkngoog}} {eBook)

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* {{cite book |last=Washington |first=George |author-mask=2 |editor-last=Toner |editor-first=Joseph Meridith |title=The daily journal of Major George Washington, in 1751–2, kept while on a tour from Virginia to the island of Barbadoes, with his invalid brother, Maj. Lawrence Washington |year=1892 |publisher=Albany, N.Y., J. Munsell's sons |url=https://archive.org/details/dailyjournalmaj01tonegoog}} (eBook)
* {{cite book |editor-last=Twohig |editor-first=Dorothy |last=Washington |first=George |author-mask=2 |title=George Washington's Diaries: An Abridgment |publisher=University Press of Virginia |year=1999 |isbn=978-0813918570 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yDiYQgAACAAJ}}
:*{{cite book |last=Washington |first=George |author-mask=2 |editor1-first=Dorthy  |editor1-last=Twohig |editor2-first=Donald |editor2-last=Jackson |title=The Diaries of George Washington, 6 vols. |publisher=University Press of Virginia |year=1976–1979 |url=https://www.loc.gov/loc/lcib/0010/gwdiary.html}}
:*{{cite book |last=Washington |first=George |author-mask=2  |editor1-first=Dorthy  |editor1-last=Twohig |editor2-first=W.W.|editor2-last=Abbot |title=The Papers of George Washington: Colonial Series, 10 vols. |publisher=University Press of Virginia |year=1983–1995 |url=http://gwpapers.virginia.edu/editions/letterpress/colonial-series/volume-1-jan-1748-to-aug-1755/}}
:*{{cite book |last=Washington |first=George |author-mask=2  |editor1-first=Dorthy  |editor1-last=Twohig |editor2-first=W.W. |editor2-last=Abbot |title=The Papers of George Washington: Confederation Series, 6 vols. |publisher=University Press of Virginia |year=1992–1994 }}
:*{{cite book |last=Washington |first=George |author-mask=2  |editor1-first=Dorthy  |editor1-last=Twohig |title=The Papers of George Washington: The Journal of the Procerdings of the President, 1783–1793 |publisher=University Press of Virginia |year=1981 }}
:*{{cite book |last=Washington |first=George |author-mask=2  |editor1-first=Dorthy  |editor1-last=Twohig |editor2-first=W.W.  |editor2-last=Abbot |title=The Papers of George Washington: Presidential Series, 6 vols. |publisher=University Press of Virginia |year=1987–1996 |url=http://gwpapers.virginia.edu/editions/letterpress/presidential-series/volume-1-september-1788-march-1789/}}
:*{{cite book |last=Washington |first=George |author-mask=2  |editor1-first=Dorthy  |editor1-last=Twohig |editor2-first=W.W.  |editor2-last=Abbot |title=The Papers of George Washington: Retirement Series, 1797–1799 |publisher=University Press of Virginia |year=1998 |isbn= 978-0813918389|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dxdorgEACAAJ}}
:*{{cite book |last=Washington |first=George |author-mask=2  |editor1-first=Dorthy  |editor1-last=Twohig |editor2-first=W.W. |editor2-last=Abbot |title=The Papers of George Washington: Revolutionary War Series, 7 vols. |publisher=University Press of Virginia |year=1985–1991 }}

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* {{cite book |last=Washington |first=George |editor1-first=J.M. |editor1-last=Williams |title=Washington's political legacies |author-mask=2 |publisher=Printed for John Russell and John West |year=1800 |url=https://archive.org/details/washingtonspoli00willgoog}} {eBook}
* {{cite book |last=Washington |first=George |editor1-first=J.M. |editor1-last=Williams |title=The Life and Memorable Actions of George Washington General and Commander
 |author-mask=2 |publisher=Printed for John Russell and John West |year=1800 |url=https://archive.org/details/washingtonspoli00willgoog}} {eBook}
* {{cite book |last=[[Oliver Wolcott Jr.|Wolcott, Oliver]] |editor1-first=George |editor1-last=Gibbs |title=Memoirs of the administrations of Washington and John Adams, edited from the papers of Oliver Wolcott, secretary of the Treasury |publisher=Van Norden Printers |year=1846 |url=https://archive.org/details/memoirsadminist00wolcgoog}} (eBook)

===Jared Sparks===
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[[Jared Sparks]] was given access to Washington's personal writings  and other documents by Bushrod Washington who had inherited them from his uncle George Washington upon his death. After a several-year effort Sparks produced his twelve-volume ''The Writings of George Washington'', published from 1833 to 1839.{{efn|Not to be confused with John C. Fitzpatrick's works of the same name '''. . .'''}} Sparks was widely praised for his great effort but was sometimes criticized for his editing of Washington's spelling, grammar and various phrases.<ref>[[#Harvard|Harvard Archives: Papers of Jared Sparks, 2005]]</ref>
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{{collapse top|<big>''Writings of George Washington''</big>,  <small> in 12 volumes, edited by Jared Sparks, et al</small>}}
<div style="background-color:#F5FFFA; padding:2em; margin:0em; margin-top:0em">
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{{center|(Book titles link to respective eBooks)}}
* {{cite book |last=Washington |first=George |editor1-first=Jared  |editor1-last=Sparks |editor2-first=John Wesley  |editor2-last=Paradise |title=The writings of George Washington : being his correspondence, addresses, messages, and other papers, official and private, Selected and Published from the Original Manuscripts, with illustrations and notes |volume=1 |author-link=George Washington |publisher=U.S. Government |year=1834 |url=https://archive.org/details/writingsofgeorge01wash}}
* {{cite book |last=Washington |first=George |editor1-first=Jared  |editor1-last=Sparks |title=The Writings of George Washington: Being His Correspondence, Addresses, Messages, and Other Papers, Official and Private ... |volume=2 |author-mask=2 |publisher=U.S. Government |year=1834 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=KiFHAQAAMAAJ}}
* {{cite book |last=Washington |first=George |editor1-first=Jared  |editor1-last=Sparks  |editor2-first=John  |editor2-last=Wesley |editor3-first=John |editor3-last=Gadbsy |editor4-first=Charles Willson |editor4-last=Peale |title=The writings of George Washington : being his correspondence, addresses, messages, and other papers, official and private |volume=3 |author-mask=2 |location=Washington, D.C. |publisher=U.S. Government Printing Office |year=1834 |url=https://archive.org/details/writingsofgeorge03wash}}
* {{cite book |last=Washington |first=George |editor1-first=Jared   |editor1-last=Sparks |title=The writings of George Washington from the original manuscript sources, 1745–1799 |volume=4 |author-mask=2 |location=Washington, D.C. |publisher=U.S. Government Printing Office |year=1933 |url=https://archive.org/details/writingsofgeorge04wash}}
* {{cite book |last=Washington |first=George |editor1-first=Jared   |editor1-last=Sparks |title=The writings of George Washington from the original manuscript sources, 1745–1799  |volume=5  |author-mask=2 |location=Washington, D.C. |publisher=U.S. Government Printing Office |year=1933 |url=https://archive.org/details/writingsofgeorge05wash}}
* {{cite book |last=Washington |first=George |editor1-first=Jared  |editor1-last=Sparks  |editor2-first=John  |editor2-last=Wesley |editor3-first=John |editor3-last=Gadbsy |editor4-first=Charles Willson |editor4-last=Peale |title=The writings of George Washington from the original manuscript sources, 1745–1799  |volume=6 | author-mask=2 |location=Washington, D.C. |publisher=U.S. Government Printing Office |year=1834 |url=https://archive.org/details/writingsofgeorge06wash}}
* {{cite book |last=Washington |first=George |editor1-first=Jared |editor1-last=Sparks |title=The writings of George Washington from the original manuscript sources, 1745–1799  |volume=7  |author-mask=2 |location=Washington, D.C. |publisher=U.S. Government Printing Office |year=1833 |url=https://archive.org/details/writingsofgeorge07wash}} <small>'''Topics : '''Letters, 1780. Numerous letters to President of Continental Congress; Several letters to Lafayette, Generals Howe, Greene, Clinton, Arnold; Letters to Major Henry Lee, statesmen, etc. </small>
* {{cite book |last=Washington |first=George |editor1-first=Jared |editor1-last=Sparks |editor2-last=Peale |editor2-first=Charles Willson  |editor3-last=Durand |editor3-first=Asher Brown |title=The writings of George Washington from the original manuscript sources, 1745–1799  |volume=8  |author-mask=2 |location=Washington, D.C. |publisher=U.S. Government Printing Office |year=1834 |url=https://archive.org/details/writingsofgeorgew08wash}}
* {{cite book |last=Washington |first=George |editor1-first=Jared  |editor1-last=Sparks |title=The writings of George Washington: being his correspondence, addresses, messages, and other papers, official and private ... |volume=9 |author-mask=2 |publisher=U.S. Government |year=1835 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=U5InAQAAMAAJ}}
* {{cite book |last=Washington |first=George |editor1-first=Jared  |editor1-last=Sparks |title=The writings of George Washington: being his correspondence, addresses, messages, and other papers, official and private ... |volume=10 |author-mask=2 |publisher=U.S. Government |year=1839 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=MD8WAAAAYAAJ}}
* {{cite book |last=Washington |first=George |editor1-first=Jared  |editor1-last=Sparks |title=The Writings of George Washington: Being His Correspondence, Addresses, Messages, and Other Papers, Official and Private ... |volume=11 |author-mask=2 |publisher=U.S. Government |year=1837 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-kBEAQAAMAAJ}} [https://books.google.com/books?id=0sMKAQAAIAAJ download eBook]
* {{cite book |last=Washington |first=George |editor1-first=Jared  |editor1-last=Sparks |title=The writings of George Washington, being his correspondence, Addresses, Messages, and Other Papers, Official and Private|volume=12 |author-mask=2 |publisher=U.S. Government |year=1837 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0sMKAQAAIAAJ}}
----
{{center|<big>

Letters to George Washington</big>}}
* {{cite book |last=Sparks |first=Jared |title=Correspondence of the American Revolution, Being Letters of Eminent Men to George Washington |volume=1 |author-link=Jared Sparks |publisher=<br>Little, Brown and Company |year=1853 |url=https://archive.org/details/eminentmentogw01jarerich}}
* {{cite book |last=Sparks |first=Jared |title=Correspondence of the American Revolution, Being Letters of Eminent Men to George Washington |volume=2 |author-mask=2 |publisher=<br>Little, Brown and Company |year=1853 |url=https://archive.org/details/eminentmentogw02jarerich}}
* {{cite book |last=Sparks |first=Jared |title=Correspondence of the American Revolution, Being Letters of Eminent Men to George Washington |volume=3 |author-mask=2 |publisher=<br>Little, Brown and Company |year=1853 |url=https://archive.org/details/correspondenceof03spar}}
* {{cite book |last=Sparks |first=Jared |title=Correspondence of the American Revolution, Being Letters of Eminent Men to George Washington |volume=4 |author-mask=2 |publisher=<br>Little, Brown and Company |year=1853 |url=https://archive.org/details/correspondenceof04spar}}
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===Worthington C. Ford===
[[Worthington C. Ford]] published a 14 volume work, also entitled, ''The Writings of George Washington'', in 1889–1890. Ford draws on much of the same material as did Sparks in 1834 and Fitzpatrick in 1931. In his Preface to volume 1, Ford, while praising Sparks' enormous volume of works, offers some sharp criticism about his sometimes questionable editorship of Washington's writings as Sparks would sometimes edit spelling, grammar, change or leave out phrases, etc. Ford made clear of his position here, that his editorship of Washington's writings would not be conducted in the same expedient manner that his predecessor sometimes employed.<ref>[[#ford1|Ford, 1889, v.1]], pp. xvii–xix</ref>
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{{collapse top|<big>''Writings of George Washington''</big>,  <small> in 14 volumes, edited by Worthington C. Ford, et al</small>}}
<div style="background-color:#F0F8FF; padding:2em; margin:0em; margin-top:0em">
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{{center|(Book titles link to respective eBooks)}}
* {{cite book |last=Washington |first=George  |editor1-first=Worthington C.  |editor1-last=Ford |title=The Writings of George Washington, 1748–1757 |volume=1 |publisher=G.P. Putnam's Sons |year=1889 |url=https://archive.org/details/georgefordworth01washrich |ref=ford1}}&nbsp;– Topics: 1748–1757: Numerous letters to Gov. Dinwiddie, and military officers. Letters to William Fairfax; Notes on journey to Boston, etc.
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* {{cite book |last=Washington |first=George  |author-mask=2 |editor1-first=Worthington C.  |editor1-last=Ford |title=The Writings of George Washington, 1758–1775 |volume=2 |publisher=G.P. Putnam's Sons |year=1889 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=IwK_8VjetyYC}}
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* {{cite book |last=Washington |first=George  |author-mask=2 |editor1-first=Worthington C.  |editor1-last=Ford |title=The Writings of George Washington, 1775–1776 |volume=3 |publisher=G.P. Putnam's Sons |year=1889 |url=https://archive.org/details/writingsgeorgew28washgoog}}
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* {{cite book |last=Washington |first=George  |author-mask=2 |editor1-first=Worthington C.  |editor1-last=Ford |title=The Writings of George Washington, 1776 |volume=4 |publisher=G.P. Putnam's Sons |year=1889 |url=https://archive.org/details/writingsgeorgew15washgoog}} – Topics: Numerous letters to ''The President of Congress'' and ''The Committee of Safety''; To Joseph Reed,  Governor Trumbull, Cousin Lund Washington, Richard Henry Lee; To Generals Howe, Putnam, Ward, Sullivan, Schyler, etc.
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* {{cite book |last=Washington |first=George  |author-mask=2 |editor1-first=Worthington C.  |editor1-last=Ford |title=The Writings of George Washington, 1776–1777 |volume=5 |publisher=G.P. Putnam's Sons |year=1890 |url=https://archive.org/details/writingsgeorgew32washgoog}}
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* {{cite book |last=Washington |first=George  |author-mask=2 |editor1-first=Worthington C.  |editor1-last=Ford |title=The Writings of George Washington, 1777–1778 |volume=6 |publisher=G.P. Putnam's Sons |year=1889 |url=https://archive.org/details/writingsgeorgew39washgoog}}
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* {{cite book |last=Washington |first=George  |author-mask=2 |editor1-first=Worthington C.  |editor1-last=Ford |title=The Writings of George Washington, 1778–1779 |volume=7|publisher=G.P. Putnam's Sons |year=1889 |isbn=978-0469298392 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZStihG5LU-gC}}
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* {{cite book |last=Washington |first=George  |author-mask=2 |editor1-first=Worthington C.  |editor1-last=Ford |title=The Writings of George Washington, 1779–1780| volume=8 |publisher=G.P. Putnam's Sons |year=1890 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=J34TsUDXs48C}}
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* {{cite book |last=Washington |first=George  |author-mask=2 |editor1-first=Worthington C.  |editor1-last=Ford |title=The Writings of George Washington, 1780–1782 |volume=9 |publisher=G.P. Putnam's Sons |year=1889 |url=https://archive.org/details/writingsgeorgew33washgoog}}
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* {{cite book |last=Washington |first=George  |author-mask=2 |editor1-first=Worthington C.  |editor1-last=Ford |title=The Writings of George Washington, 1782–1785 |volume=10 |publisher=G.P. Putnam's Sons |year=1889 |url=https://archive.org/details/writingsgeorgew11washgoog}}
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* {{cite book |last=Washington |first=George  |author-mask=2 |editor1-first=Worthington C.  |editor1-last=Ford |title=The Writings of George Washington, 1785–1790 |volume=11 |publisher=G.P. Putnam's Sons |year=1889 |url=https://archive.org/details/writingsgeorgew38washgoog}}
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* {{cite book |last=Washington |first=George  |author-mask=2 |editor1-first=Worthington C.  |editor1-last=Ford |title=The Writings of George Washington, 1790–1794 |volume=12 |publisher=G.P. Putnam's Sons |year=1891 |url=https://archive.org/details/writingsofgwash12washuoft}}
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* {{cite book |last=Washington |first=George  |author-mask=2 |editor1-first=Worthington C.  |editor1-last=Ford |title=The Writings of George Washington, 1794–1798 |volume=13 |publisher=G.P. Putnam's Sons |year=1889 |url=https://archive.org/details/writingsgeorgew23washgoog}}
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* {{cite book |last=Washington |first=George  |author-mask=2 |editor1-first=Worthington C.  |editor1-last=Ford |title=The Writings of George Washington, 1798–1799 |volume=14 |publisher=G.P. Putnam's Sons |year=1889 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=XqE3y9LZmfgC}}
</div>
{{collapse bottom}}

===John Clement Fitzpatrick===
[[File:Washington manuscript sources.jpg|164px|right|thumb|Selected title page from 39 volume series]]

[[John Clement Fitzpatrick]] was commissioned by the ''George Washington Bicentennial Commission'' in 1931 to transcribe, edit and publish Washington's writings in what became a 39 volume work entitled ''The Writings of George Washington''.{{efn|Not to be confused with the works of Jared Sparks and Worthington C. Ford, both of whom published similar works under the same basic title&nbsp;– sometimes confused with and listed together by some online listings}} The Commission was created to commemorate the coming 200th anniversary of Washington's birth in 1932, and to promote education in Revolutionary War era history overall.  This massive work, taken from Washington's letters, military records, diaries, etc., was edited and compiled under the direction of [[John Clement Fitzpatrick]], and sponsored and prepared by the ''Commission'', under the authority of U.S. Congress, 1931, taking several years to complete. The commission conducted a thorough investigation of all available books, pamphlets reports, and other material relating to the life and times of George Washington. Because the field was very broad, members of the commission found it necessary to study the requirements of selecting source material while making sure they didn't exclude any essential data, a process that Fitzpatrick oversaw for eight years until his death in 1940 before all the volumes had been published.<ref>[[#bicentennial|History of the Bicentennial Commission, 1932]], p. v</ref>

{{Writings of George Washington by John C. Fitzpatrick}}

==See also==
{{div col|colwidth=30em}}
* '''[[George Washington]]'''
* [[George Washington and religion]]
* [[George Washington in the American Revolution]]
* [[George Washington in the French and Indian War]]
* [[George Washington's Farewell Address]]
* [[George Washington and slavery]]
* [[Legacy of George Washington]]
* [[Military career of George Washington]]
* [[Presidency of George Washington]]
* [[The Papers of George Washington]]
* [[George Washington Birthplace National Monument]]
* [[Valley Forge]]
* [[Washington family]]
* [[Bibliography of the American Revolutionary War]]
* [[Bibliography of the United States Constitution]]
* [[List of bibliographies on American history]]
* [[:Category:Speeches by George Washington|Speeches by George Washington]]
* [[List of George Washington articles]]
{{div col end}}
{{portalbar|Virginia|Books}}

==Notes==
{{notelist|2}}

==References==
{{Reflist|30em}}

==Sources==
* {{cite book |title=History of the George Washington Bicentennial Celebration |publisher= U.S. George Washington Bicentennial Commission, Washington D.C. |year=1932 |ref=bicentennial}}
* {{cite book |last=Weems |first=Mason Locke |title=The Life of George Washington: With Curious Anecdotes, Equally Honourable to Himself, and Exemplary to His Young Countrymen |author-link=Mason Locke Weems |publisher=Joseph Allen Publishers |year=1833 |url=https://archive.org/details/ahistorylifeand00weemgoog |ref=Weems}}
* {{cite web |title=Sparks, Jared, 1789–1866. Papers of Jared Sparks : an inventory |website=Harvard University Library |year=2005 |access-date=Jul 10, 2016 |url=http://oasis.lib.harvard.edu/oasis/deliver/~hua13005 |ref=Harvard |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161007030955/http://oasis.lib.harvard.edu/oasis/deliver/~hua13005 |archive-date=October 7, 2016 |url-status=dead }}
* {{cite web |title=Cherry Tree Myth |publisher= Mount Vernon Ladies' Association |year=2016 |access-date=July 11, 2016 |url=http://www.mountvernon.org/digital-encyclopedia/article/cherry-tree-myth/ |ref=cherry}}
* {{cite book |last=Washington |first=Austin |title=The Education of George Washington: How a forgotten book shaped the character of a hero |publisher= Regnery Publishing |year=2014 |isbn=978-1621572053 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=05bmAgAAQBAJ&q=cherry |ref=Austin}}
* {{cite book |title=Robert Dinwiddie: His Career in American Colonial Government and Westward Expansion |publisher= Arthur H. Clark Company |year=1941 |url=https://archive.org/details/robertdinwiddieh0000koon |url-access=registration|ref=knootz}}
* {{cite book |last=Alden |first=John R.  |title=George Washington. A biography |publisher= LSU Press |year=1984  |isbn=978-0807141083 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=sz3zHVWfocwC |ref=Alden}}
* {{cite web |title=2005 Pulitzer Prizes, Special Citations |year=2005 |url=http://www.pulitzer.org/prize-winners-by-year/2005 |access-date=July 12, 2016 |ref=pulitzer}}
* {{cite web |title=Douglas Southall Freeman (1886–1953) |publisher= Virginia Foundation for the Humanities: Encyclopedia Virginia |access-date=July 12, 2016 |url=http://www.encyclopediavirginia.org/Freeman_Douglas_Southall_1886-1953 |ref=EncyclopediaVirginia}}
* {{cite book|last=Flexner|first=James Thomas|title=Washington: The Indispensable Man|year=1979|publisher= Little, Brown|location=Boston|isbn=0316286052|url=https://archive.org/details/washington00jame|ref=Flexner}}
* {{cite book |title=Washington's Crossing |series= Pivotal Moments in American History |publisher= Oxford University Press, review |year=2016 |isbn= 978-0-19-518159-3 |access-date=July 12, 2016 |url=https://global.oup.com/academic/product/washingtons-crossing-9780195181593?cc=us&lang=en& |ref=Oxford}}
* {{cite web |title=The 2011 Pulitzer Prize Winner in Biography or Autobiography |publisher= The Pulitzer Prizes – Columbia University |year=2016 |url=http://www.pulitzer.org/winners/ron-chernow |access-date=July 12, 2016 |ref=PulitzerChernow}}
* {{cite book|editor=Peter J. Parish|title=Reader's Guide to American History |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=K_95R9Xlgc0C&pg=PA737 |year=2013 |publisher= Routledge |ref=Parish|isbn=978-1134261826 }} A condensed [https://www.amazon.com/Washington-Douglas-Southall-Freeman/dp/0684826372/ref=sr_1_1?s=books&ie=UTF8&qid=1468390428&sr=1-1&keywords=freeman+washington  version is 754 pages long.]
* {{cite book |first=David Hackett |last=Fischer |title=Washington's Crossing|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Oreq1YztDcQC&pg=PA446|year=2006|publisher= Oxford UP |ref=fischer|isbn=978-0199756674 }}
* {{cite book|last=Marshall|first=John|title=The Life of George Washington|year=1832|publisher=C.P. Wayne|location= Philadelphia|oclc=317838280|url=http://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/28859|author-link=John Marshall|volume=5 |ref=Marshall}} (Document No. 28859&nbsp;– Release Date May 18, 2009) Also see: [https://books.google.com/books?id=ik4-AAAAYAAJ&dq=Bushrod++1832+The+life+of+George+Washington:+commander+in+chief+of+the+American+Volume+1&pg=PA35 V. 1] [https://archive.org/details/lifegeorgewashi00washgoog V. 2]
* {{cite web |title=John Marshall |publisher= Mount Vernon Ladies' Association |year=2013 |access-date=August 4, 2016 |url=http://www.mountvernon.org/digital-encyclopedia/article/john-marshall/}}
* {{cite web |title=John Marshall |publisher= Library of Virginia |year=2001 |access-date=August 4, 2016 |url=http://www.lva.virginia.gov/exhibits/marshall/ |ref=euolgy}}

==External links==
* [https://memory.loc.gov/ammem/gwhtml/gwintro.html Introduction to the Diaries of George Washington]
* [http://www.c-span.org/video/?295700-1/qa-ron-chernow-part-1 Part one of C-SPAN ''Q&A'' interview with Ron Chernow on ''Washington: A Life'', October 3, 2010]
* [http://www.c-span.org/video/?295701-1/qa-ron-chernow-part-2 Part two of C-SPAN ''Q&A'' interview with Ron Chernow on ''Washington: A Life'', October 10, 2010]

{{George Washington}}
{{Bibliographies of U.S. presidents}}

[[Category:Books about George Washington|Bibliography]]
[[Category:Bibliographies of people|Washington, George]]
[[Category:Bibliographies of presidents of the United States|Washington, George]]
[[Category:Biographical books]]