View source for Bhubaneswar

{{Short description|City in Odisha, India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2022}}
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2022}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name               = Bhubaneswar
| other_name         = 
| settlement_type    = [[List of capitals in India|Metropolis]]
| image_skyline      = {{multiple image
| border                   = infobox
| total_width              = 300
| image_style              = 
| perrow                   = 1/2/2/2/1
| image1  = Bhubaneswar skyline 121224.jpg
| caption1 = Skyline of Bhubaneswar 
| image2= Khandagari and Udaygiri featured image.jpg
| caption2 = [[Udayagiri and Khandagiri caves|Udayagiri Caves]]
| image3= Rajarani Temple 2.jpg
| caption3 = [[Rajarani Temple]]
| image4 = Lingaraj Temple in MahaShivratri.jpg
| caption4 = [[Lingaraja Temple]]
| image5 = Kalinga Stadium during ISL.jpg
| caption5 = [[Kalinga Stadium]]
| image6 = Parsurameswara temple complex.jpg
| caption6 = [[Parsurameswara Temple]]
| image7 = Muktesvar Temple.jpg
| caption7 = [[Mukteshvara Temple, Bhubaneswar|Mukteshvara Temple]]
| image8  = Dharmashala, Old town, Bhubaneswar.jpg
| caption8 = Dharmashala, [[Ekamra Kshetra|Old town]]
}}
| image_alt          = 
| nicknames          = ''City of Temples'', ''Chakra Khetra'', ''Ekamra Khetra''
| image_map          = {{Infobox mapframe|frame=yes|plain=yes|frame-align=center|frame-width=250|frame-height=180|zoom=12|type=point|marker=city|wikidata=yes|coord={{coord|20.26461|85.84080}}}}
| map_alt            = Bhubaneswar
| map_caption        = Bhubaneswar, Odisha
| pushpin_map        = India Odisha#India#Asia
| pushpin_label_position = 
| mapframe           = 
| pushpin_map_alt    = 
| pushpin_map_caption = Map showing Bhubaneswar in Odisha
| coordinates        = {{coord|20.27|N|85.84|E|region:IN-OR|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type   = Country
| subdivision_name   = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1  = [[States of India|State]]
| subdivision_type2  = [[List of districts of Odisha|District]]
| subdivision_name1  = {{flagicon image|Orissa Flag(INDIA).png}} [[Odisha]]
| subdivision_name2  = [[Khordha district|Khordha]]
| established_title  = 
| established_date   = 
| founder            = [[Government of Odisha]]
| named_for          = [[Shiva]]
| government_type    = [[Municipal Corporations in India|Municipal Corporation]]
| governing_body     = [[Bhubaneswar Municipal Corporation]] (BMC)
| leader_title       = [[Lok Sabha|Member of Parliament]]
| leader_name        = [[Aparajita Sarangi]]
| leader_party       = [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]
| leader_title1      = [[Odisha Legislative Assembly|Members of Legislative Assembly]]
| leader_name1       = Bhubaneswar Central : Ananta Narayana Jena, [[Biju Janata Dal|BJD]]
Bhubaneswar North : Susanta Rout, [[Biju Janata Dal|BJD]]
Ekamra Bhubaneswar : Babu Singh, [[Bhartiya Janata Party|BJP]]
| leader_title2      = [[Mayor]]
| leader_name2       = Sulochana Das, [[Biju Janata Dal|BJD]]
| leader_title3      = [[Municipal commissioner (India)|Municipal Commissioner]]
| leader_name3       = Rajesh Prabhakar Patil, [[Indian Administrative Service|IAS]]
| leader_title4      = [[Bhubaneswar-Cuttack Police Commissionerate|Commissioner of Police]]
| leader_name4       = Suresh Dev Dutta Singh [[Indian Police Service|IPS]]
| unit_pref          = Metric
| area_footnotes     = <ref name="Bhubaneswar City">{{Cite web|url=https://www.bmc.gov.in/about/profile|title=:: Bhubaneswar Municipal Corporation|website=www.bmc.gov.in}}</ref>
| area_total_km2     = 186
| rank               = 1st (Odisha)
| elevation_m        = 45
<!-- Population, demographics -->| population_footnotes = <ref name="census of Khorda">{{Cite web|url=http://www.citypopulation.de/php/india-odisha.php?cityid=2141702000|title=BBSR (India): Union Territory, Major Agglomerations & Towns – Population Statistics in Maps and Charts|work=City Population|access-date=28 February 2019}}</ref>
| population_total   = 837737
| population_as_of   = 2011
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_metro   = 1,112,000 (IN: [[List of million-plus urban agglomerations in India|61st]])
| population_demonym = Bhubaneswariya<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.dailypioneer.com/state-editions/bhubaneswar/amme-bhubaneswariya-goes-viral-on-net.html |title='Amme Bhubaneswariya' goes viral on net |access-date=6 April 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171229172200/http://www.dailypioneer.com/state-editions/bhubaneswar/amme-bhubaneswariya-goes-viral-on-net.html |archive-date=29 December 2017 |url-status=live }}</ref>
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| timezone1          = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1        = +5:30
| postal_code_type   = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code        = 751024, 751020, 751022
| area_code          = 0674, 06752
| area_code_type     = Telephone code
| registration_plate = OD-02 (South Bhubaneswar) <br /> OD-33 (North Bhubaneswar)
| blank_name_sec1    = [[UN/LOCODE]]
| blank_info_sec1    = IN BBI
| blank1_name_sec1   = [[Rapid Transit]]
| blank1_info_sec1   = [[Bhubaneswar Metro]]
| blank1_name_sec2   = [[Airport]]
| blank1_info_sec2   = [[Biju Patnaik Airport]]
| website            = {{URL|http://www.bhubaneswar.me/|}}
| footnotes          = 
| demographics1_info1 = [[Odia language|Odia]], [[Indian English|English]]
| blank2_name_sec1   = [[GDP per capita]](2020)
| blank2_info_sec1   = {{USD|8,273|year=2020}}<ref>{{cite web | url=https://metroverse.cid.harvard.edu/city/8914/overview | title=Metroverse &#124; Harvard Growth Lab }}</ref>
| Blank name section 1 = Literacy {{nobold|(2011)}}
| Blank info section 1 = 91.87%<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.census2011.co.in/census/city/270-bhubaneswar.html|title=Bhubaneswar Urban region|publisher=census2011.co.in}}</ref>
}}

'''Bhubaneswar''' ({{IPA|or|ˈbʱubɔneswɔɾɔ|lang|Or-ଭୁବନେଶ୍ୱର.wav}}) is the capital and the largest city of the [[States and territories of India|Indian state]] of [[Odisha]]. It is located in the [[Khordha district]]. The suburban region, especially the old town, was historically often depicted as ''Chakra Khetra'' and ''Ekamra Khetra'' (Area adorned with a mango tree).<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-10-20|title=UNESCO World Heritage Centre – The Criteria for Selection|url=http://whc.unesco.org/en/criteria/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201020093453/http://whc.unesco.org/en/criteria/|url-status=dead|archive-date=2020-10-20|access-date=2020-12-06}}</ref> Bhubaneswar is dubbed the "Temple City", a [[nickname]] earned because of many [[temple]]s which are standing there.<ref name="Ring Salkin Schellinger Boda 1994 p. 121">{{Cite book | last1=Ring | first1=T. | last2=Salkin | first2=R. M. | last3=Schellinger | first3=P.E. | last4=Boda | first4=S. L. | last5=Watson | first5=N. | last6=Berney | first6=K. A. | last7=Hudson | first7=C. | last8=Hast | first8=A. | last9=Kulling | first9=P. | title=International Dictionary of Historic Places: Asia and Oceania | publisher=Fitzroy Dearborn | year=1994 | isbn=978-1-884964-04-6 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=JqHPpNaZfNwC&pg=PA121 | access-date=31 October 2019 | page=121}}</ref><ref name="D 2014 p. 38">{{Cite book | last=D | first=S.C.B. | title=India the Land of Gods | publisher=Author Solutions| year=2014 | isbn=978-1-4828-3655-4 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hKQOBQAAQBAJ&pg=PA38 | access-date=31 October 2019 | page=38}}</ref> In contemporary times, the city is a hub of sports, tourism and IT in the country. Although the modern city of Bhubaneswar was formally established in 1948, the history of the areas in and around the present-day city can be traced to the 1st century BCE. It is a confluence of [[Hinduism|Hindu]], [[Buddhism|Buddhist]] and [[Jainism|Jain]] heritage and includes several [[Kalinga architecture|Kalingan temples]], many of them from 6th–13th century CE. With [[Puri]] and [[Konark]], it forms the "Swarna Tribhuja" ({{lit|Golden Triangle}}), one of Eastern India's most visited destinations.<ref>{{Cite book|title=Memory of a Stream: Gandhabati, Sacred Cultural Landscape of Ekamara Kshetra (Bhubaneswar)|last=Das|first=Piyush|publisher=Copal Publishing|year=2016|isbn=978-9383419401|location=New Delhi|page=42}}</ref><ref name="R. P. Mohapatra, Page 47">[[Ramesh Prasad Mohapatra]], ''Archaeology in Orissa'', Vol I, Page 47, B. R. Publishing Corporation, Delhi, 1986, {{ISBN|81-7018-346-4}}.</ref>

Bhubaneswar replaced [[Cuttack]] as the capital on 13 April 1948.<ref name="Nab_Ramesh_2005" /> The modern city was designed by the German architect, [[Otto Königsberger]], in 1966.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Bhubaneshwar - Architect Otto Konigsberger |url=https://www.bmc.gov.in/about/organization#:~:text=Bhubaneswar%20is%20called%20the%20Temple,first%20planned%20cities%20of%20India.}}</ref> Along with [[Jamshedpur]] and [[Chandigarh]], it was one of modern India's first planned cities.<ref name="census of Khorda2">BBSR Metropolitan/City Population section of {{Cite web|title=BBSR Population Sex Ratio in BBSR Literacy rate BBSR |url=http://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/2117_PART_B_DCHB_KHORDHA.pdf|website=[[2011 Census of India]]}}</ref> Bhubaneswar and [[Cuttack]] are often referred to as the 'twin cities of Odisha'. The area formed by the two cities had a population of 1.7 million in 2011.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.orissalinks.com/bigfiles/Draft%20Proposal_CDP%20BDPA-2008/Pre%20Content/Preface.pdf |title=Preface of the Comprehensive Development Plan for the Bhubaneswar-Cuttack Urban Complex |access-date=3 October 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130207230753/http://www.orissalinks.com/bigfiles/Draft%20Proposal_CDP%20BDPA-2008/Pre%20Content/Preface.pdf |archive-date=7 February 2013 |url-status=live }}</ref> It is categorised as a [[Classification of Indian cities|Tier-2]] city.<ref name="UNcities2016">{{Cite web|title=The World's Cities in 2016|url=https://www.un.org/en/development/desa/population/publications/pdf/urbanization/the_worlds_cities_in_2016_data_booklet.pdf|publisher=[[United Nations]]|access-date=19 December 2019|page=4|date=October 2016|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170112211410/http://www.un.org/en/development/desa/population/publications/pdf/urbanization/the_worlds_cities_in_2016_data_booklet.pdf|archive-date=12 January 2017}}</ref> Bhubaneswar and [[Rourkela]] are the two cities in smart city mission from [[Odisha]].

== Etymology ==
''Bhubaneswar'' is the anglicisation of the [[Odia language|Odia]] name "Bhubaneśwara"(ଭୁବନେଶ୍ୱର), derived from the word ''Tribhubaneśwara'' (ତ୍ରିଭୁବନେଶ୍ୱର), which literally means the Lord (Iśwara) of the [[Trailokya|Three Worlds]] (Tribhubana), which in this context refers to [[Shiva]].<ref name=":0" />

== History ==
[[File:Sisupalagada Bhubaneswar.jpg|left|thumb|Remains of the ancient city of [[Sisupalgarh|Sisupalagada]], on the outskirts of Bhubaneswar, dated to 7th century BCE]]
[[File:Hatigumfa.jpg|thumb|left|Hathigumpha inscriptions at the Udayagiri and Khandagiri caves near Bhubaneswar|alt=Inscription on rock in Brahmi language]]

Bhubaneswar stands near the ruins of [[Sisupalgarh]]. [[Dhauli]], near Bhubaneswar was the site of the [[Kalinga War]] ({{circa|262}}-261 BCE), in which the [[Mauryan Empire|Mauryan]] emperor [[Ashoka]] invaded and annexed [[Kalinga (historical kingdom)|Kalinga]].<ref name="Nab_Ramesh_2005">{{Cite book |author1=Nab Kishore Behura |author2=Ramesh P. Mohanty |title=Urbanisation, Street Children, and Their Problems |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=BXWRIYPkVEoC&pg=PA17 |year=2005 |publisher=Discovery |isbn=978-81-7141-924-1 |pages=17–21 |access-date=14 October 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161223225525/https://books.google.com/books?id=BXWRIYPkVEoC&pg=PA17 |archive-date=23 December 2016 |url-status=live  }}</ref> One of the most complete [[Edicts of Ashoka|edicts]] of the [[Mauryan]] Emperor, [[Ashoka]], dating from between 272 and 236 BCE, remains carved in rock, {{convert|8|km|mi}} to the southwest of the modern city.<ref>''History, Religion and Culture of India''. P.180. S. Gajrani</ref> After the decline of the Mauryan empire, the area came under the rule of [[Mahameghavahana dynasty]], whose most well-known ruler is [[Kharavela]]. His [[Hathigumpha inscription]] is located at the [[Udayagiri and Khandagiri Caves]] near Bhubaneswar. The area was subsequently ruled by several dynasties, including [[Satavahana]]s, [[Gupta Empire|Guptas]], [[Mathara dynasty|Matharas]], and [[Shailodbhava dynasty|Shailodbhavas]].<ref name="Nab_Ramesh_2005" />
[[File:Historical landmark in Dhauli Shanti Stupa 7.jpg|thumb|Historical landmark in Dhauli Shanti Stupa]]
In the 7th century, [[Somavaṃśī dynasty|Somavamshi]] or Keshari dynasty established their kingdom and constructed a number of temples. After the Kesharis, the [[Eastern Ganga dynasty|Eastern Gangas]] ruled Kalinga area until the 14th century CE. Their capital was located in present-day [[Cuttack]] City. After them, [[Mukunda Deva]] of the [[Bhoi dynasty|Bhoi Dynasty]] – the last Hindu ruler of the area until the [[Maratha Confederacy|Marathas]] ruled Odisha from Cuttack.<ref name="Nab_Ramesh_2005" /> Most of the older temples in Bhubaneswar were built between 8th and 12th centuries, under [[Shaivism|Shaiva]] influence.<ref name="Fergusson pp. 92–116">{{Cite book | last=Fergusson | first=James | editor-first1=James | editor-first2=Richard Phene | editor-last1=Burgess | editor-last2=Spiers | title=History of Indian and Eastern Architecture | chapter=ORISSA | year=2013 | publisher=Cambridge University Press | publication-place=Cambridge | doi=10.1017/cbo9781139814638.007 | pages=92–116 | isbn=978-1-139-81463-8 |quote="The oldest temple in the town of Bhuvancrwar is probably that called Pararuramejwar (Woodcut No. 312), which, from the termination of the name, as well as the Linga in the cella, and subjects portrayed in the three principal niches of the tower, mark it as a Saiva shrine. "}}</ref> The [[Ananta Vasudeva Temple]] is the only old temple of [[Vishnu]] in the city.<ref>''Bengal District Gazetteer: Puri''. P.242. L.S.S. O'Malley</ref> In 1568, the [[Karrani dynasty]] of Afghan origin gained control of Odisha . During their reign, most of the temples and other structures were destroyed or disfigured.<ref name="Nab_Ramesh_2005" />

In the 16th century, the area came under pachamani [[Mughal Empire|Mughal]] control. The [[Maratha confederacy|Marathas]], who succeeded the Mughals in the mid-18th century, encouraged pilgrimage in Odisha. In 1803, the area came under [[British India|British]] colonial rule and was part of the [[Bengal Presidency]] (until 1912), [[Bihar and Orissa Province]] (1912–1936) and [[Orissa Province]] (1936–1947).<ref name="Nab_Ramesh_2005" /> The capital of the British-ruled and post-independent Orissa State was also [[Cuttack]], which was vulnerable to floods and suffered from space constraints. Because of this, in 1966, a proposal to move the capital to a new capital was introduced in the Legislative Assembly of the Odisha Province. After independence of India, the foundation of the new capital was laid on 13 April 1948.<ref name="Nab_Ramesh_2005" />

The name of the new capital came from "Tribhubaneswara" or "Bhubaneswara" (literally "Lord of the Earth"), a name of [[Shiva]], the deity of the [[Lingaraja temple]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite book |last=Kalia |first=Ravi |title=Bhubaneswar: From a Temple Town to a Capital City |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=F2YSPiKbmHkC&pg=PA2 |year=1994 |publisher=SIU Press |isbn=978-0-8093-1876-6 |page=3 |access-date=15 May 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160610125211/https://books.google.ca/books?id=F2YSPiKbmHkC&pg=PA2 |archive-date=10 June 2016 |url-status=live  }}</ref> The Legislative Assembly of [[Odisha, India|Odisha]] was shifted from Cuttack to Bhubaneswar in 1969.<ref name="Nab_Ramesh_2005" /> Bhubaneswar was built as a modern city, designed by German architect [[Otto Königsberger]] with wide roads, gardens and parks.<ref name=vision2030 /> Though part of the city followed the plan, it grew rapidly over the next few decades, outstripping the planning process.<ref>{{Cite journal |url=http://www.ingentaconnect.com/content/routledg/rppe/2006/00000021/00000002/art00002 |title=Modernism, modernization and post-colonial India: a reflective essay |author=Kalia, Ravi |journal=Planning Perspectives |year=2006 |volume=21 |issue=2 |pages=133–156 |publisher=Routledge |doi=10.1080/02665430600555289 |bibcode=2006PlPer..21..133K |s2cid=143394919 |access-date=6 December 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071001235743/http://www.ingentaconnect.com/content/routledg/rppe/2006/00000021/00000002/art00002 |archive-date=1 October 2007 |url-status=live  |url-access=subscription }}</ref> According to the first census of independent India, taken in 1951, the town's population was just 16,000. From 1952 to 1979, it was administered by a [[Notified Area Council]] or a ''nagar panchayat''; a [[municipality]] was established only on 12 March 1979. During this time, due to fear of wild animals and forested areas, Cuttack continued to be the people's favourite destination. The government officials lived at Cuttack and came to Bhubaneswar for work. The government then forced the officials to live at Bhubaneswar. Then some traders came to set up some shops.  By the 1991 census, the population of Bhubaneswar had increased to 411,542. Accordingly, on 14 August 1994, the [[Bhubaneswar Municipal Corporation]] was established.<ref name="Nab_Ramesh_2005" />

== Geography ==

[[File:Kalinga battlefield daya river dhauli hills.jpg|thumb|left|Daya River at the foothills of Dhauli]]

Bhubaneswar is in [[Khordha district]] of [[Odisha]].<ref name="ARIMAKHORDHA2018">{{Cite book |last1=Swain|display-authors=et al |first1=S |title=Recent Findings in Intelligent Computing Techniques |chapter=Development of an ARIMA Model for Monthly Rainfall Forecasting over Khordha District, Odisha, India |journal=Recent Findings in Intelligent Computing Techniques (Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing) |volume=708 |pages=325–331 |doi=10.1007/978-981-10-8636-6_34 |series=Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing |year=2018 |publisher=Springer |location=Singapore |isbn=978-981-10-8635-9 }}</ref> It is in the [[eastern coastal plains]], along the axis of the [[Eastern Ghats]] mountains.<ref name=cdpbbsr /> The city has an average altitude of {{convert|45|m|ft|abbr=on}} [[above mean sea level|above sea level]].<ref name=cdpbbsr>{{Cite web|title=City Development Plan: Bhubaneswar|url=http://jnnurm.nic.in/wp-content/uploads/2010/12/bhubneshwar_Main_Report.pdf|publisher=JNNURM, Government of India|access-date=14 December 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140816061449/http://jnnurm.nic.in/wp-content/uploads/2010/12/bhubneshwar_Main_Report.pdf|archive-date=16 August 2014|url-status=dead}}</ref> Bhubaneswar lies in Mahanadi River Delta.
The [[Daya River]] is 4&nbsp;km to the south and the [[Kuakhai River]] 4&nbsp;km to the east;<ref name=cdpbbsr /> the [[Chandaka Wildlife Sanctuary]] and [[Nandankanan Zoo]] are in west and north to Bhubaneswar, respectively.<ref name=vision2030>{{Cite web|title=Perspective Plan&nbsp;– VISION 2030 and Comprehensive Development Plan for Bhubaneswar&nbsp;– Cuttack Urban Complex: A Concept Paper |url=http://urbanorissa.gov.in/pdf/vision/concept_paper.pdf |publisher=Urban Development Department, Government of Odisha |access-date=14 December 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121202110235/http://urbanorissa.gov.in/pdf/vision/concept_paper.pdf |archive-date=2 December 2012 }}</ref>

Bhubaneswar is topographically divided into western uplands and eastern lowlands, with hillocks in the western and northern parts.<ref name=cdpbbsr /> [[Kanjia lake]] on the northern outskirts, affords rich [[biodiversity]] and is a [[wetland]] of national importance.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Kanjia lake outlet faces threat of being clogged|url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-otherstates/article252862.ece|access-date=14 December 2012|newspaper=The Hindu|date=9 June 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160108051819/http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-otherstates/article252862.ece|archive-date=8 January 2016|url-status=live}}</ref> Bhubaneswar's soils are 65 per cent [[laterite]], 25 per cent [[alluvial]] and 10 per cent [[sandstone]].<ref name=disaster>{{Cite web|title=Mainstreaming institutionalization of disaster risk reduction |url=http://unisdr-apps.net/confluence/download/attachments/9994280/isdr_bbsr_report_25.02.2011.pdf?version=1 |publisher=Local Governance Network |access-date=14 December 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304171445/http://unisdr-apps.net/confluence/download/attachments/9994280/isdr_bbsr_report_25.02.2011.pdf?version=1 |archive-date=4 March 2016 }}</ref> The [[Bureau of Indian Standards]] places the city inside [[Earthquake hazard zoning of India|seismic zone III]], on a scale ranging from {{Nowrap|I to V}} in order of increasing susceptibility to earthquakes.<ref name=hazardprofile>{{Cite web|url=http://www.undp.org.in/dmweb/hazardprofile.pdf|title=Hazard profiles of Indian districts|access-date=23 August 2006|work=National Capacity Building Project in Disaster Management |publisher=[[UNDP]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060519100611/http://www.undp.org.in/dmweb/hazardprofile.pdf|archive-date=19 May 2006}}</ref> The [[United Nations Development Programme]] reports that there is "very high damage risk" from winds and [[cyclone]]s.<ref name=hazardprofile /> The [[1999 Odisha cyclone]] caused major damage to buildings, the city's infrastructure and cost many human lives.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Goldenberg|first=Suzanne|title=Cyclone kills hundreds in India|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/1999/nov/01/naturaldisasters.weather1|access-date=14 December 2012|newspaper=The Guardian|date=1 November 1999|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130824023116/http://www.theguardian.com/world/1999/nov/01/naturaldisasters.weather1|archive-date=24 August 2013|url-status=live}}</ref> Floods and waterlogging in the low-lying areas have become common due to unplanned growth.<ref name=disaster /><ref>{{Cite news|title=Incessant rain inundates Bhubaneswar, Cuttack|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/bhubaneswar/Incessant-rain-inundates-Bhubaneswar-Cuttack/articleshow/9289544.cms|access-date=14 December 2012|date=20 July 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130617035151/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2011-07-20/bhubaneswar/29794248_1_water-logging-heavy-rain-incessant-rain|archive-date=17 June 2013|newspaper=[[The Times of India]]|url-status=live}}</ref>
[[File:Bhubaneswar Map.png|alt=Bhubaneswar Schematic Map|thumb|Bhubaneswar schematic tourist map]]

=== Urban structure ===
{{See also|List of neighbourhoods in Bhubaneswar}}
[[File:Governor House Road.jpg|thumb|left|Rajpath, Bhubaneswar]]
[[File:Pathani Samanta Planetarium.JPG|thumb|Pathani Samanta Planetarium Bhubaneswar]]

The [[Bhubaneswar Development Authority|Bhubaneswar urban development area]] consists of the [[Bhubaneswar Municipal Corporation]] area, 173 revenue villages and two other municipalities spread over {{convert|1110|km2|abbr=on}}.<ref name="Bhubaneswar Info">{{Cite web|url=https://www.smartcitybhubaneswar.gov.in/know-bhubaneswar|title=BSCL :: Bhubaneswar Smart City Limited|website=www.smartcitybhubaneswar.gov.in}}</ref><ref name=bdasnap>{{Cite web|title=BDA Snapshot |url=http://bdabbsr.in/bdasnapshot.pdf |publisher=Bhubaneswar Development Authority |access-date=26 December 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130123014345/http://bdabbsr.in/bdasnapshot.pdf |archive-date=23 January 2013 }}</ref> The area under the jurisdiction of the Bhubaneswar Municipal Corporation covers {{convert|186|sqkm}}.<ref name="Bhubaneswar City"/> The city is somewhat [[dumbbell]]-shaped with most of the growth taking place to the north, northeast and southwest.<ref name=citystructure>{{Cite web|title=City Structure |url=http://www.odisha.gov.in/forest&environment/pdf/Chap_3.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140124060124/http://www.odisha.gov.in/forest%26environment/pdf/Chap_3.pdf |archive-date=24 January 2014 |work=Environmental Management Plan for Bhubaneswar |publisher=Forest and Environment Department, Government of Odisha |access-date=26 December 2012 |url-status=dead }}</ref> The north–south axis of the city is widest, at roughly {{convert|22.5|km|mi}}. Growth in the east is restricted due to the presence of [[Kuakhai River]] and by the wildlife sanctuary in the northwestern part.<ref name=citystructure /> The city can be broadly divided into the old town, planned city (or state capital), added areas and  into Units and Colonies.

The old town or "Temple Town", the oldest part of the city, is characterised by many temples, including the [[Lingaraja temple|Lingaraja]], [[Nilakantha Siva Temple|Nilakantha Siva]], [[Rajarani Temple|Rajarani]] and [[Muktesvara deula|Muktesvara temples]], standing alongside residential areas. Additional structures include the [[Somabaresvara Siva Temple]] and the [[Kartikesvara Siva Temple]]. The area is congested, with narrow roads and poor infrastructure.<ref name=citystructure /> Among neighbourhoods in the old town are Rajarani Colony, Pandaba Nagar, Brahmeswara Bagh, Lingaraja Nagar, Gouri Nagar, Bhimatangi, Kapilaprasad and Sundarpada.

The planned city was designed in 1948 to house the capital. It is subdivided into units, each with a high school, shopping centres, dispensaries and play areas. While most of the units house government employees, Unit V houses the administrative buildings, including the State Secretariat, State Assembly and the Raj Bhavan. Private residential areas were later built in other areas of the planned city, including [[Saheed Nagar]] and Satya Nagar. Unit I, popularly known as the Market Building, was formed to cater to the shopping needs of the new capital's residents. Later, markets and commercial establishments developed along the [[Janpath, Bhubaneswar|Janpath]] and [[Cuttack-Puri Road]] at [[Saheed Nagar]], Satya Nagar, Bapuji Nagar and Ashok Nagar. A dedicated institutional area houses educational and research institutes, including [[Utkal University]], the [[Institute of Physics, Bhubaneswar|Institute of Physics]], the [[Institute of Minerals and Materials Technology]] and Sainik School. Indira Gandhi Park, Gandhi Park and the Biju Patnaik Park are located in the unit.<ref name=citystructure />

The added areas are mostly areas lying north of National Highway 5, including Nayapalli, Jayadev Vihar, [[Chandrasekharpur]] and [[Chandrasekharpur#Sailashree Vihar|Sailashree Vihar]], [[#Niladri vihar|Niladri vihar]] which were developed by [[Bhubaneswar Development Authority]] to house the growing population.<ref name=citystructure /> With the development of the new areas such as Chandrasekharpur, the city is now divided roughly into North (newer areas) and South Bhubaneswar (older areas) by the NH-5 highway.

The peripheral areas are outside the municipal boundary or have subsequently been included within the extended boundary, including Tomando, Patia and Raghunathpur. Most of these areas were developed in a haphazard manner, without proper planning.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Praharaj|first=Maharani|title=Urban sprawl: Its impact on peri-urban areas of Bhubaneswar|url=http://dailypioneer.com/state-editions/bhubaneswar/98402-urban-sprawl-its-impact-on-peri-urban-areas-of-bhubaneswar.html|access-date=22 December 2012|newspaper=The Pioneer|date=30 September 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140703212324/http://www.dailypioneer.com/state-editions/bhubaneswar/98402-urban-sprawl-its-impact-on-peri-urban-areas-of-bhubaneswar.html|archive-date=3 July 2014|url-status=live}}</ref> The Master Planning Branch of the [[Bhubaneswar Development Authority]] developed the Comprehensive Development Plan (CDP) in 2010.<ref name=":3">{{Cite web|title=:: Bhubaneswar Development Authority|url=https://www.bda.gov.in/bda/departments/planning-department|access-date=2020-11-06|website=www.bda.gov.in}}</ref> According to the Odisha Development Authorities Act, 1982, the Development Authority has control over the planning for municipal areas.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Odisha Development Authorities Act, 1982|url=http://lawodisha.gov.in/files/acts/act_604522165_1443019617.pdf|access-date=6 November 2020|website=Law Department, Government of Odisha}}{{Dead link|date=March 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Apart from the CDP, BDA has also created Zonal Development Plans for some of the areas under the CDP.<ref name=":3" /> Bhubaneswar secured the top rank in the [[Smart city]] list in India.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Bhubaneswar ranked country's smartest city|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/bhubaneswar/Bhubaneswar-ranked-countrys-smartest-city/articleshow/50766312.cms|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160206163635/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/bhubaneswar/Bhubaneswar-ranked-countrys-smartest-city/articleshow/50766312.cms|archive-date=6 February 2016|access-date=11 March 2016|work=The Times of India|date=29 January 2016 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Wray|first=Sarah|title=Smart City Bhubaneswar: A Citizen-Centered Approach for Smart Growth|url=https://hub.beesmart.city/city-portraits/smart-city-portrait-bhubaneswar-india|access-date=2021-01-03|website=hub.beesmart.city|language=en}}</ref>
{{wide image|Deras Dam.jpg|1000px|align-cap=left|[[Deras Dam]] }}

=== Climate ===

[[File:Meteorological Centre, Bhubaneswar, Odisha.JPG|thumb|Meteorological Centre, Bhubaneswar|alt=A one storied building with decorative plants and landscaping around it]]
Bhubaneswar has a [[tropical savanna climate]], designated ''Aw'' under the [[Köppen climate classification]]. Temperatures in Bhubaneswar usually range from {{Convert|11 to 44|C|F}}. It experiences five primary seasons: winter (December to January), when temperatures can drop to {{Convert|11|C|F}}; spring (February); summer (March to May), when temperatures can reach {{Convert|44|C|F}} or higher; monsoon (June to October); and post-monsoon (November). The annual mean temperature is {{Convert|27.4|C|F|abbr=on|1}}; monthly mean temperatures are {{Convert|22|–|32|C|F|abbr=on|0}}.<ref name=weatherbase>{{Cite web | publisher=Canty and Associates LLC | url=http://www.weatherbase.com/weather/weather.php3?s=17924&refer=&cityname=Bhubaneswar-Orissa-India | title=Weatherbase entry for Bhubaneswar | access-date=14 December 2012 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131019080700/http://www.weatherbase.com/weather/weather.php3?s=17924&refer=&cityname=Bhubaneswar-Orissa-India | archive-date=19 October 2013 | url-status=live | df=dmy-all }}</ref> Summers (March to June) are hot and humid, with temperatures in the low 30s C; during dry spells, maximum temperatures often exceed {{Convert|40|C|F|abbr=on|0}} in May and June.<ref name=weatherbase /> Winter lasts for only about ten weeks, with seasonal lows dipping to {{Convert|15|–|18|C|F|abbr=on|0}} in December and January. May is the hottest month, when daily temperatures range from {{Convert|32|–|42|C|F|abbr=on|0}}. January, the coldest month, has temperatures varying from {{convert|15|–|28|C|F|abbr=on|0}}. The highest and lowest temperatures ever recorded in Bhubaneswar are {{Convert|46.7|C|F}} on 5 June 2012 and {{Convert|8.2|C|F}} on 30 December 2018.<ref name=IMDextremes /> The official weather station for the city is the [[Biju Patnaik Airport]]. Weather records here date back to 1 July 1948.

Rains brought by the [[Bay of Bengal]] branch of the [[Southwest monsoon|south west summer monsoon]]<ref name=monsoontribune>{{Cite news|last1=Khichar|first1=M. L.|last2=Niwas|first2=R.|date=14 July 2003|title=Know your monsoon|newspaper=The Tribune|location=Chandigarh, India|url=http://www.tribuneindia.com/2003/20030714/agro.htm#2|access-date=9 June 2007|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070618121810/http://www.tribuneindia.com/2003/20030714/agro.htm#2|archive-date=18 June 2007|url-status=live}}</ref> lash Bhubaneswar between June and September, supplying it with most of its annual rainfall of {{Convert|1657.8|mm|in|abbr=on|0}}. The highest monthly rainfall total, {{convert|374.6|mm|in|abbr=on|0}}, occurs in August.<ref name=IMDnormals />

{{Weather box
| width = auto
| location = Bhubaneswar ([[Biju Patnaik International Airport]]) 1991–2020, extremes 1952–present
| metric first = yes
| single line = yes
| Jan record high C = 35.8
| Feb record high C = 42.7
| Mar record high C = 44.2
| Apr record high C = 45.8
| May record high C = 46.5
| Jun record high C = 46.7
| Jul record high C = 41.3
| Aug record high C = 37.4
| Sep record high C = 37.9
| Oct record high C = 36.6
| Nov record high C = 37.6
| Dec record high C = 33.6
| year record high C = 46.7
| Jan avg record high C = 32.8
| Feb avg record high C = 37.0
| Mar avg record high C = 39.8
| Apr avg record high C = 41.2
| May avg record high C = 42.4
| Jun avg record high C = 40.9
| Jul avg record high C = 36.3
| Aug avg record high C = 35.1
| Sep avg record high C = 35.3
| Oct avg record high C = 34.4
| Nov avg record high C = 33.2
| Dec avg record high C = 32.0
| year avg record high C = 43.6
| Jan high C = 29.2
| Feb high C = 32.5
| Mar high C = 35.9
| Apr high C = 37.7
| May high C = 37.7
| Jun high C = 35.3
| Jul high C = 32.4
| Aug high C = 32.0
| Sep high C = 32.4
| Oct high C = 31.9
| Nov high C = 30.8
| Dec high C = 28.9
| year high C = 33.0
|Jan mean C = 22.2
|Feb mean C = 25.6
|Mar mean C = 29.2
|Apr mean C = 31.4
|May mean C = 32.0
|Jun mean C = 30.7
|Jul mean C = 29.0
|Aug mean C = 28.6
|Sep mean C = 28.8
|Oct mean C = 27.7
|Nov mean C = 25.1
|Dec mean C = 22.2
| Jan low C = 15.5
| Feb low C = 18.5
| Mar low C = 22.8
| Apr low C = 25.3
| May low C = 26.7
| Jun low C = 26.4
| Jul low C = 25.6
| Aug low C = 25.4
| Sep low C = 25.2
| Oct low C = 23.4
| Nov low C = 19.3
| Dec low C = 15.4
| year low C = 22.4
| Jan avg record low C = 11.4
| Feb avg record low C = 14.1
| Mar avg record low C = 18.6
| Apr avg record low C = 21.1
| May avg record low C = 21.7
| Jun avg record low C = 23.0
| Jul avg record low C = 23.3
| Aug avg record low C = 23.5
| Sep avg record low C = 23.1
| Oct avg record low C = 19.7
| Nov avg record low C = 15.1
| Dec avg record low C = 11.6
| year avg record low C = 10.7
| Jan record low C = 8.6
| Feb record low C = 9.6
| Mar record low C = 14.6
| Apr record low C = 17.0
| May record low C = 15.0
| Jun record low C = 16.8
| Jul record low C = 20.0
| Aug record low C = 18.4
| Sep record low C = 18.5
| Oct record low C = 16.1
| Nov record low C = 9.7
| Dec record low C = 8.2
| year record low C = 8.2
| rain colour = green
| Jan rain mm = 13.1
| Feb rain mm = 21.1
| Mar rain mm = 20.6
| Apr rain mm = 40.4
| May rain mm = 101.6
| Jun rain mm = 208.5
| Jul rain mm = 359.7
| Aug rain mm = 374.6
| Sep rain mm = 281.7
| Oct rain mm = 201.2
| Nov rain mm = 30.3
| Dec rain mm = 4.9
| year rain mm = 1657.8
| Jan rain days = 0.8
| Feb rain days = 1.1
| Mar rain days = 1.4
| Apr rain days = 2.2
| May rain days = 4.5
| Jun rain days = 9.9
| Jul rain days = 15.0
| Aug rain days = 15.6
| Sep rain days = 12.7
| Oct rain days = 7.9
| Nov rain days = 1.5
| Dec rain days = 0.4
| year rain days = 73.0
| time day = 17:30 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| Jan humidity = 55
| Feb humidity = 52
| Mar humidity = 58
| Apr humidity = 64
| May humidity = 67
| Jun humidity = 75
| Jul humidity = 85
| Aug humidity = 86
| Sep humidity = 85
| Oct humidity = 80
| Nov humidity = 69
| Dec humidity = 60
| year humidity = 70
| Jan sun = 253.4
| Feb sun = 234.0
| Mar sun = 237.8
| Apr sun = 238.8
| May sun = 242.9
| Jun sun = 140.7
| Jul sun = 107.2
| Aug sun = 128.6
| Sep sun = 150.8
| Oct sun = 221.8
| Nov sun = 217.5
| Dec sun = 255.0
| source 1 = [[India Meteorological Department]]<ref name=IMDnormals>{{Cite web
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200205040301/http://imdpune.gov.in/library/public/1981-2010%20CLIM%20NORMALS%20%28STATWISE%29.pdf
| archive-date = 5 February 2020
| url = https://imdpune.gov.in/library/public/1981-2010%20CLIM%20NORMALS%20%28STATWISE%29.pdf
| title = Station: Bhubaneswar (A) Climatological Table 1981–2010
| work = Climatological Normals 1981–2010
| publisher = India Meteorological Department
| date = January 2015
| pages = 141–142
| access-date = 10 January 2021}}</ref><ref name=IMDextremes>{{Cite web
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200205042509/http://imdpune.gov.in/library/public/EXTREMES%20OF%20TEMPERATURE%20and%20RAINFALL%20upto%202012.pdf
| archive-date = 5 February 2020
| url = https://imdpune.gov.in/library/public/EXTREMES%20OF%20TEMPERATURE%20and%20RAINFALL%20upto%202012.pdf
| title = Extremes of Temperature & Rainfall for Indian Stations (Up to 2012)
| publisher = India Meteorological Department
| date = December 2016
| page = M161
| access-date = 10 January 2021}}</ref><ref name=Marchextremes>{{Cite web
| url = https://odishatv.in/odisha-news/at-44-2-deg-c-bhubaneswar-hottest-in-odisha-mercury-breaches-73-year-record-531075
| title = At 44.2 Deg C Bhubaneswar Hottest In Odisha, Mercury Breaches 73 Year Record
| publisher = Odishatv
| access-date = 1 April 2021}}</ref><ref name=IMDcityrainfall>{{Cite web
| url = https://cdsp.imdpune.gov.in/extremes_1991_2020/?stn=42971
| title = Bhubaneswar(42971)
| publisher = India Meteorological Department
| access-date = 13 August 2022}}</ref><ref name=IMDcityextremes2>
{{cite web
| url = https://www.imdpune.gov.in/library/public/Climatological%20Tables%201991-2020.pdf
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20230101061732/https://www.imdpune.gov.in/library/public/Climatological%20Tables%201991-2020.pdf
| archive-date = 1 January 2023
| title = Climatological Tables 1991-2020
| publisher = India Meteorological Department
| access-date = 1 January 2023
| page = 65}}</ref>
| source 2 = NOAA (sun, 1971–1990),<ref name= NOAA>{{Cite FTP |url = ftp://ftp.atdd.noaa.gov/pub/GCOS/WMO-Normals/RA-II/IN/42971.TXT |server = [[National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration]] |title = Bhubaneshwar Climate Normals 1971–1990 |access-date = 24 December 2012}}</ref> Tokyo Climate Center (mean temperatures 1991–2020)<ref name=TCC1>
{{cite web
| url = https://ds.data.jma.go.jp/gmd/tcc/tcc/products/climate/normal/parts/NrmMonth_e.php?stn=42971
| title = Normals Data: Bareilly – India Latitude: 20.25°N Longitude: 85.83°E Height: 45 (m)
| publisher = Japan Meteorological Agency
| access-date = 1 December 2022}}</ref>
| date = May 2012
| source = 
}}Bhubaneswar has been ranked 7th best “National Clean Air City” under (Category 2 3-10L Population cities) in India according to 'Swachh Vayu Survekshan 2024 Results' <ref>{{Cite web |date=7 September 2024 |title=Swachh Vayu Sarvekshan 2024 |url=https://prana.cpcb.gov.in/ncapServices/robust/fetchFilesFromDrive/Swachh_Vayu_Survekshan_2024_Result.pdf |website=Swachh Vayu Sarvekshan 2024}}</ref>

== Economy ==
[[File:DLF Cyber City, Bhubaneswar .jpg|thumb|DLF Cyber City Bhubaneswar]]
Bhubaneswar is an administrative, information technology, education and tourism city.<ref name=cdpbbsr /> Bhubaneswar was ranked as the best place to do business in India by the [[World Bank]] in 2014.<ref>{{Cite web|title=World Bank report ranks Odisha's Bhubaneswar as best place to do business in India|url=http://raaproperties.in/world-bank-report-ranks-odishas-bhubaneswar-as-best-place-to-do-business-in-india/|publisher=RAA Properties|date=25 May 2014|access-date=9 July 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140808044226/http://raaproperties.in/world-bank-report-ranks-odishas-bhubaneswar-as-best-place-to-do-business-in-india/|archive-date=8 August 2014|url-status=dead}}</ref> Bhubaneswar has emerged as one of the fast-growing, important trading and commercial hub in the state and eastern India.<ref name=":6">{{Cite web |date=2021-08-18 |title=India's Startups Are Moving Into Smaller, Second Tier Cities – Why The Sudden Shift? |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/sindhujabalaji/2017/10/05/thanks-to-regional-rivalries-indias-startup-surge-is-spreading-across-the-country/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210818122259/https://www.forbes.com/sites/sindhujabalaji/2017/10/05/thanks-to-regional-rivalries-indias-startup-surge-is-spreading-across-the-country/ |archive-date=2021-08-18 |access-date=2021-08-18 |website=[[Forbes]]}}</ref> Tourism is a major industry, attracting about 1.5 million tourists in 2011.<ref name=cdpbbsr /><ref>{{Cite web|title=Statistical Bulletin 2011–12|url=http://www.orissatourism.gov.in/new/pdf/Statistical%20Bulletin%202011-12.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140821185244/http://www.orissatourism.gov.in/new/pdf/Statistical%20Bulletin%202011-12.pdf|archive-date=21 August 2014|publisher=Department of Tourism, Government of Odisha|access-date=27 December 2012}}</ref> Bhubaneswar was designed to be a largely residential city with outlying industrial areas. The economy had few major players until the 1990s and was dominated by retail and small-scale manufacturing. With the [[Economic liberalisation in India|economic liberalisation]] policy adopted by the [[Government of India]] in the 1990s, Bhubaneswar received investment in [[telecommunications]], information technology (IT) and higher education.<ref name=cdpbbsr />

In 2011, according to a study by [[Associated Chambers of Commerce and Industry of India]], Bhubaneswar had the highest rate of employment growth among 17 Tier-2 cities in India.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Patnaik|first=Nageshwar|title=Bhubaneswar amongst top Tier II cities in job creation: ASSOCHAM|url=http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2011-04-18/news/29443740_1_tier-iii-cities-employment-generation|access-date=21 February 2013|newspaper=Economic Times|date=18 April 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130617020108/http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2011-04-18/news/29443740_1_tier-iii-cities-employment-generation|archive-date=17 June 2013|url-status=dead}}</ref> It has been listed among the top ten emerging cities in India by [[Cushman and Wakefield]], taking into consideration factors like demographics, physical, social and real estate infrastructure, current level and scope of economic activities and government support.<ref name=":7">{{Cite news|title=Bhubaneswar on top 10 city list|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/bhubaneswar/Bhubaneswar-on-top-10-city-list/articleshow/17249388.cms|access-date=17 November 2012|date=17 November 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130706234446/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-11-17/bhubaneswar/35171862_1_twin-city-jatni-bhubaneswar-and-cuttack|archive-date=6 July 2013|newspaper=[[The Times of India]]|url-status=live}}</ref> In 2012, Bhubaneswar was ranked third among Indian cities, in starting and operating a business by the [[World Bank]].<ref name=":8">{{Cite news|title=WB ranks Bhubaneswar as third best for business|url=http://www.dailypioneer.com/state-editions/bhubaneswar/104676-wb-ranks-bhubaneswar-as-third-best-for-business.html|access-date=22 December 2012|newspaper=The Pioneer|date=27 October 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121030021036/http://www.dailypioneer.com/state-editions/bhubaneswar/104676-wb-ranks-bhubaneswar-as-third-best-for-business.html|archive-date=30 October 2012|url-status=live}}</ref>
Bhubaneswar has been traditionally home to handicrafts industry, including silver filigree work, [[appliqué]] work, stone and wood carvings and [[Pattachitra|patta painting]], which significantly contributes to the city's economy.<ref name="cdpbbsr" /> The late 2000s saw a surge of investments in the real estate, infrastructure, retail and hospitality sectors; several shopping malls and organised retails opened outlets in Bhubaneswar.<ref>{{Cite news|title=50 cities seen as hub of retail space boom|url=http://archive.indianexpress.com/news/50-cities-seen-as-hub-of-retail-space-boom/203077/0|access-date=24 December 2012|newspaper=Indian Express|date=28 June 2007|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151208162333/http://archive.indianexpress.com/news/50-cities-seen-as-hub-of-retail-space-boom/203077/0|archive-date=8 December 2015|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|last=Dutta|first=Rita|title=Bhubaneswar: Boomtown for Healthcare|url=http://www.expresshealthcare.in/201005/market01.shtml|access-date=24 December 2012|newspaper=Express Healthcare|date=May 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121219124327/http://www.expresshealthcare.in/201005/market01.shtml|archive-date=19 December 2012|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Bhubaneswar: the 2nd best retail destination in the East?|url=http://www.indiaretailing.com/news.aspx?Id=3967|publisher=India Retailing|access-date=24 December 2012|date=8 July 2009|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://archive.today/20130126084604/http://www.indiaretailing.com/news.aspx?Id=3967|archive-date=26 January 2013}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Real(i)ty Next: Beyond the top 10 cities|url=http://crisil.com/research/reality-next.html|publisher=CRISIL|access-date=24 December 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120730004135/http://crisil.com/research/reality-next.html|archive-date=30 July 2012|url-status=dead}}</ref> In the [[informal sector]], 22,000 vendors operate in regulated or unregulated vending zones.<ref>{{Cite news|date=20 July 2012|title=Civic body to survey street vendors in Bhubaneswa|newspaper=[[The Times of India]]|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/bhubaneswar/Civic-body-to-survey-street-vendors-in-Bhubaneswar/articleshow/15049822.cms|url-status=live|access-date=27 December 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130617003706/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-07-20/bhubaneswar/32763341_1_street-vendors-bhubaneswar-municipal-corporation-vishal-kumar-dev|archive-date=17 June 2013}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Kumar|first=Randhir|date=June 2012|title=The Regularization of Street Vending in Bhubaneshwar, India: A Policy Model|url=http://wiego.org/sites/wiego.org/files/publications/files/Kumar_WIEGO_PB7.pdf|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130413021336/http://wiego.org/sites/wiego.org/files/publications/files/Kumar_WIEGO_PB7.pdf|archive-date=13 April 2013|access-date=27 December 2012|work=WIEGO Policy Brief (Urban Policies) No 7|publisher=Women in Informal Employment Globalizing and Organizing}}</ref>

As of 2001, around 2.15% of the city's workforce was employed in the [[Primary sector of the economy|primary sector]] (agriculture, forestry, mining, etc.); 2.18% worked in the [[Secondary sector of the economy|secondary sector]] (industrial and manufacturing); and 95.67% worked in the [[Tertiary sector of the economy|tertiary sector]] (service industries).<ref name="cdpbbsr" />

The Department of Industries established four industrial areas in and around Bhubaneswar, in the Rasulgarh, Mancheswar, Chandaka, and Bhagabanpur areas.<ref name=cdpbbsr /> Industrial sector in Bhubaneswar includes paper, steel, automobile, food, pharma and electronics industries. A large number of companies including [[Odisha State Cooperative Milk Producers' Federation]], [[Bharat Biotech]], [[Topaz Solar Farm|Topaz Solar]], [[Britannia Industries]], SMS Group and [[Jockey International]] have there manufacturing plant.<ref>{{Cite web|title=SMS group: Inauguration of new manufacturing and service workshop in Bhubaneswar, India {{!}} Press Detail {{!}} SMS group|url=https://www.sms-group.com/press-media/press-releases/press-detail/sms-group-inauguration-of-new-manufacturing-and-service-workshop-in-bhubaneswar-india-386|access-date=2022-01-19|website=www.sms-group.com|language=en-US}}{{Dead link|date=March 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://indiacsr.in/britannia-investment-of-rs-94-cr-to-create-additional-employment-to-450-people-in-odisha/ |title=Britannia investment of Rs. 94 Cr to create additional employment to 450 people in Odisha – India CSR Network |publisher=Indiacsr.in |date= 23 July 2021|accessdate=2022-03-08}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Solar module manufacturing plant near Bhubaneswar|url=http://www.smartcitybhubaneswar.com/NewsDescription.aspx?NewsID=8172Gover|access-date=2022-01-19|website=www.smartcitybhubaneswar.com}}</ref>

In 2009, Odisha was ranked ninth among Indian states in terms of software export by [[NASSCOM]], with most IT/ITES companies established in Bhubaneswar. In 2011–12, Odisha had a growth rate of 17% for software exports.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Software exports witness 17% growth at Rs 1,611 crore|url=http://www.dailypioneer.com/state-editions/bhubaneswar/81107-software-exports-witness-17-growth-at-rs-1611-crore.html|access-date=24 December 2012|newspaper=The Pioneer|date=16 July 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140101081316/http://www.dailypioneer.com/state-editions/bhubaneswar/81107-software-exports-witness-17-growth-at-rs-1611-crore.html|archive-date=1 January 2014|url-status=live}}</ref> According to a 2012 survey, among the tier-2 cities in India, Bhubaneswar has been chosen as the best for conducting IT/ITES business.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Behara|first=Nirmalya|title=Bhubaneswar, a preferred hub for IT and ITes, says survey|url=http://www.business-standard.com/india/news/bhubaneswarpreferred-hub-for-itites-says-survey/469246/|access-date=27 December 2012|newspaper=Business Standard|date=28 March 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120330062105/http://www.business-standard.com/india/news/bhubaneswarpreferred-hub-for-itites-says-survey/469246/|archive-date=30 March 2012|url-status=live}}</ref> The government fostered growth by developing of IT parks such as Infocity-1, Infovalley, [[STPI]]-Bhubaneswar and JSS STP.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Dixit|first=Rakesh|title=The Software support|url=http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/real-estate-in-bhubaneswar/1/226370.html|publisher=India Today|access-date=24 December 2012|date=26 October 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140101085809/http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/real-estate-in-bhubaneswar/1/226370.html|archive-date=1 January 2014|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=itsector /> Infocity was conceived as a five-star park, under the Export Promotion Industrial Parks (EPIP) Scheme to create infrastructure facilities for setting up information technology related industries. [[Infosys]] and [[Tech Mahindra]] have been present in Bhubaneswar since 1996. Other Multinational Companies include [[Accenture]], [[Cognizant]], [[Tata Consultancy Services]], [[Wipro]], [[IBM]], [[Genpact]], [[Firstsource]], [[Mindtree]], [[MphasiS]], [[Ericsson]], [[Semtech]], [[Reliance Communications]], [[PricewaterhouseCoopers]], [[Bharti Airtel]], [[DLF (company)]], [[Capgemini]], [[Happiest Minds]], Concentrix, RiR Electronics, Synopsis, EY and [[Deloitte]]. It also houses the headquarters of [[POSCO India]], a subsidiary of South Korean conglomerate [[POSCO]] and Govt. of India owned [[National Aluminium Company]](NALCO). Apart from the big multinationals, some 300 small and mid-size IT companies and business startups have offices in Bhubaneswar.<ref name=itsector>{{Cite web|title=IT Sector in Odisha|url=http://www.ocac.in/Download/IT_Scenario_Orissa.ppt|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131126182806/http://ocac.in/Download/IT_Scenario_Orissa.ppt |archive-date=26 November 2013 |publisher=[[Odisha Computer Application Centre]], Technical Directorate of Information Technology Department, Government of Odisha|access-date=27 December 2012}}</ref>

Lulu International Shopping Malls Private Limited plans to set up shopping malls, hypermarkets, agri sourcing and logistics hub with an investment of Rs 1,500 crore.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Karnik |first=Prajakta |date=1 July 2022 |title=Lulu Group signs Rs 1500cr MoU, to explore hypermarket, agri, seafood sourcing & processing hubs in Odisha |url=https://www.logisticsandscm.com/business/dubais-lulu-group-to-invest-rs-1500-cr-in-odisha |access-date=6 September 2023 |newspaper=Logistics and SCM India}}</ref>

== Demographics ==
=== Population ===
{{Historical population
| source = <ref name="Census 1951-61">{{Cite book|title=Process of urban fringe development: A model|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=buz5csyXFmwC|publisher=Concept Publishing Company|page=25|last=Gopi|first=K.N.|year=1978|access-date=6 August 2013}}</ref><ref name="Census Hyderabad">{{Cite web|title=Economy, population and urban sprawl a comparative study of urban agglomerations of Banglore and Hyderabad, India using remote sensing and GIS techniques|url=http://www.cicred.org/Eng/Seminars/Details/Seminars/PDE2007/Papers/IYER_Neelakantan_paperNairobi2007-project.pdf|last1=Iyer|first1=Neelakantan Krishna|last2=Kulkarni|first2=Sumati|last3=Raghavaswam|first3=V.|page=21|date=13 June 2007|publisher=circed.org|access-date=10 December 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120519132559/http://www.cicred.org/Eng/Seminars/Details/Seminars/PDE2007/Papers/IYER_Neelakantan_paperNairobi2007-project.pdf|archive-date=19 May 2012|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="greater Hyderabad">{{Cite web|title=Cities having population 1 lakh and above, census 2011|url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011-prov-results/paper2/data_files/India2/Table_2_PR_Cities_1Lakh_and_Above.pdf|page=11|year=2011|publisher=Government of India|access-date=10 December 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120507135928/http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011-prov-results/paper2/data_files/India2/Table_2_PR_Cities_1Lakh_and_Above.pdf|archive-date=7 May 2012|url-status=live}}</ref>
| 1951 | 16512
| 1961 | 38211
| 1971 | 105491
| 1981 | 227525
| 1991 | 423465
| 2001 | 647302
| 2011 | 837737
| 2024 | 2037000
}}

As per the [[2011 census of India]], Bhubaneswar had a population of 837,737, while the metropolitan area had a population of 881,988.<ref name="pop">{{Cite web|title=Cities having population 1 lakh and above|url=http://censusindia.gov.in/2011-prov-results/paper2/data_files/India2/Table_2_PR_Cities_1Lakh_and_Above.pdf|publisher=Census of India, Government of India|access-date=2 November 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130723151530/http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011-prov-results/paper2/data_files/India2/Table_2_PR_Cities_1Lakh_and_Above.pdf|archive-date=23 July 2013|url-status=live}}</ref> As per the estimate of [[IIT Kharagpur]], which made a development plan, the Bhubaneswar–Cuttack Urban complex, consisting of {{convert|721.9|sqkm|sqmi}}, has a population of 1.9 million ({{As of|2008|lc=y}}).<ref>{{Cite web|title=Comprehensive development plan for Bhubaneswar–Cuttack Urban Complex|url=http://www.orissalinks.com/bigfiles/Draft%20Proposal_CDP%20BDPA-2008/Pre%20Content/Preface.pdf|publisher=Government of Odisha|access-date=29 December 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130207230753/http://www.orissalinks.com/bigfiles/Draft%20Proposal_CDP%20BDPA-2008/Pre%20Content/Preface.pdf|archive-date=7 February 2013|url-status=live}}</ref> {{As of|2011}}, the number of males was 445,233, while the number of females were 392,504. The decadal growth rate was 45.90 per cent.{{Citation needed|date=October 2018}}

=== Literacy ===
Effective male literacy was 95.69 per cent, while female literacy was 90.26 per cent. About 75,237 were under six. Bhubaneswar's [[literacy rate]] is 93.15 per cent<ref name=pop />—significantly higher than the national average of 74.04 per cent.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://censusindia.gov.in/2011-prov-results/data_files/india/Final%20PPT%202011_chapter6.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120317231511/http://censusindia.gov.in/2011-prov-results/data_files/india/Final%20PPT%202011_chapter6.pdf |archive-date=17 March 2012 |title= State of literacy |access-date=29 April 2011|publisher= Directorate of Census, Government of India}}</ref>

=== Language ===
{{Pie chart
|thumb = right
|caption = Languages spoken in Bhubaneswar (2011)<ref>[https://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/C-16T/DDW-C16-TOWN-STMT-MDDS-2100.XLSX 2011 census data] censusindia.gov.in</ref>
|label1 = [[Odia language|Odia]]
|value1= 88.44
|color1 =pink
|label2= [[Hindi language|Hindi]]
|value2=2.98
|color2=orange 
|label3 = [[Telugu language|Telugu]]
|value3 = 2.81
|color3 =steelblue
|label4 = [[Bengali language|Bengali]]
|value4 =2.01
|color4 =red
|label5 = [[Urdu language|Urdu]]
|value5= 1.83
|color5 = green
|label6 = [[Santali language|Santali]]
|value6= 0.82
|color6 = purple
|label7 = Others 
|value7= 1.12
|color7 = cyan 
}}The main language spoken in the city is [[Odia language|Odia]]. However, [[English language|English]] and [[Hindi]] are understood by most residents. Although [[Odia people|Odias]] comprise the vast majority, migrants from other states like [[Andhra Pradesh]], [[Bihar]], [[West Bengal]], [[Rajasthan]] and [[Jharkhand]] also dwell in the city. Growth in the information technology industry and education sector in Bhubaneswar changed the city's demographic profile; likely infrastructure strains and haphazard growth from demographic changes have been a cause of concern.

=== Religion ===
{{Pie chart|thumb=right|label5=Others{{ref label|naming|^|}}|color5=Yellow|color4=DarkBlue|color3=LightBlue|color2=Green|color1=DarkOrange|footer={{Note|naming}}Others includes Jain, Buddhists and not stated|label4=[[Sikhs]]|value1=95.24|label3=[[Christians]]|label2=[[Muslims]]|label1=[[Hindus]]|value5=0.43|value4=0.12|value3=0.92|value2=3.29|caption='''Religion in Bhubaneshwar'''}}
[[File:Bhubaneswar, India, ca. 1906 (IMP-CSCNWW33-OS14-56).jpg|left|thumb|222x222px|Bindu Sagar with [[Lingaraj Temple]] in background]]
Bhubaneswar is a religiously diverse city. [[Hinduism|Hindus]] form the majority in the city with more than 95% of the total population, as of [[2011 Census of India]]. [[Muslims]] forms the second largest minority with 3.3% and [[Christians]] with 0.92%. There is also a significant minority population of [[Sikhs]], [[Buddhism|Buddhists]] and [[Jainism|Jains]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Bhubaneswar City Population 2021 – Sex Ratio, Population Density, Literacy|url=https://www.indiacensus.net/city/bhubaneswar|access-date=2021-09-02|website=www.indiacensus.net|language=en-US}}</ref>

{{Further|Dolagovinda Siva Temple|Gosagarsevara Mandapa}}

== Governance and politics ==
=== Civic administration ===
[[File:Krushi Bhavan Bhubaneswar.jpg|thumb|left|Krushi Bhavan building in Bhubaneswar.]]The [[Bhubaneswar Municipal Corporation]] (BMC) oversees and manages civic infrastructure for the city's 67 [[Ward (politics)|wards]].<ref name=profile>{{Cite web|title=BMC Profile|url=http://bmc.gov.in/BMCProfile.aspx|publisher=BMC|access-date=6 December 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150503155431/http://bmc.gov.in/BMCProfile.aspx|archive-date=3 May 2015|url-status=live}}</ref> It started as a Notified Area Committee in 1946 and was upgraded to a municipal corporation in 1994.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2013-01-02|title=Welcome to Bhubaneswar Municipal Corporation|url=http://bmc.gov.in/Municipality.asp?lnk=1&PL=2|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130102050542/http://bmc.gov.in/Municipality.asp?lnk=1&PL=2|url-status=dead|archive-date=2013-01-02|access-date=2020-11-06}}</ref> Orissa Municipal Corporation Act, 2003 is the governing act.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Orissa Municipal Corporation Act, 2003|url=http://lawodisha.gov.in/files/acts/act_1293905042_1443280135.pdf|access-date=6 November 2020|website=Law Department, Government of Odisha|archive-date=13 November 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201113075511/http://lawodisha.gov.in/files/acts/act_1293905042_1443280135.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref> Residents of each ward elect a corporator to the BMC for a five-year term. Standing committees handle urban planning and maintain roads, government-aided schools, hospitals and municipal markets.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Standing Committees |url=http://bmc.gov.in/StandingCommittee.asp?lnk=1&PL=6 |publisher=BMC |access-date=20 July 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140531010336/http://bmc.gov.in/StandingCommittee.asp?lnk=1&PL=6 |archive-date=31 May 2014 }}</ref>

As Bhubaneswar's apex body, the corporation discharges its functions through the mayor-in-council, which comprises a mayor, a deputy mayor and other elected members. The executive wing is headed by a Commissioner. There are 13 administrative departments under BMC: PR & Communication, Disaster Management, Finance, Health & Sanitation, Engineering, Revenue & Tax, Electrical, Environment, Social Welfare, IT and Social Projects, Establishment, Land & Assets, Enforcement & Recovery.<ref>{{Cite web|title=:: Bhubaneswar Municipal Corporation|url=https://www.bmc.gov.in/about/profile|access-date=2020-11-06|website=www.bmc.gov.in}}</ref> The responsibilities of the municipal body include drainage and sewerage, sanitation, solid waste management and street lighting.<ref name="cdpbbsr" />

The tenure of the last elected body ended in March 2022 and new elections have already took place.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2019-01-16|title=Bhubaneswar Municipal Corporation tenure ends today; govt may appoint administrator|url=https://odishatv.in/odisha-news/bhubaneswar-municipal-corporation-tenure-ends-today-govt-may-appoint-administrator-347472|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231111181922/https://odishatv.in/odisha-news/bhubaneswar-municipal-corporation-tenure-ends-today-govt-may-appoint-administrator-347472|url-status=dead|archive-date=11 November 2023|access-date=2020-11-06|website=Latest Odisha News, Breaking News Today {{!}} Top Updates on Corona – OTV English|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=All eyes on Bhubaneswar Municipal Corporation Mayor election|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/bhubaneswar/2019/jun/16/all-eyes-on-bhubaneswar-municipal-corporation-mayor-election-1990826.html|access-date=2020-11-06|website=The New Indian Express|date=16 June 2019 }}</ref> Ward committees have been formed in Bhubaneswar and are very active.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Urban Governance Study: Odisha|url=https://praja.org/praja_docs/praja_downloads/Urban%20Governance%20Report%20on%20Odisha.pdf|access-date=6 November 2020|website=Praja Foundation}}</ref> The Committees are responsible for issues such as public health, sanitation, street lighting and conservancy in their respective wards. There is no fixed number of members in the committees.

The processes for the municipal budget 2020–21 was initiated in February 2020, but it is unclear if they have continued after the lockdown was announced.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-02-26|title=In a first, BMC Budget likely to touch Rs 700 crore – OrissaPOST|url=https://www.orissapost.com/in-a-first-bmc-budget-likely-to-touch-rs-700-crore/|access-date=2020-11-06|website=Odisha News, Odisha Latest news, Odisha Daily – OrissaPOST|language=en-US}}</ref> The budget for 2020–21 was supposed to be around Rs. 700, an increase of 51.8% from the 2019–20 budget. The increase was supposedly to fund the various socio-economic welfare schemes in the city. The key revenue sources for BMC are: Holding Taxes, tax from advertisements, rent from municipal properties such as markets, shopping complexes, and kalyan mandaps (marriage halls), fees and user charges, and grants from state and central governments.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Budget for Year: 2019–20|url=https://cms.bhubaneswarone.in/uploadDocuments/content/Budget_2019-20.pdf|access-date=6 November 2020|website=Bhubaneswar Municipal Corporation}}</ref>

=== Lok Sabha and Vidhan Sabha constituencies ===
Citizens of Bhubaneswar elect [[Bhubaneswar (Lok Sabha constituency)|one representative]] to India's lower house, the [[Lok Sabha]], and three representatives to the state legislative assembly, through the constituencies of [[Bhubaneswar North (Vidhan Sabha Constituency)|Bhubaneswar North]], [[Ekamra-Bhubaneswar]], and [[Bhubaneswar Central (Vidhan Sabha Constituency)|Bhubaneswar Central]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Maps of Newly Delimited Assembly Constituencies|url=http://ceoorissa.nic.in/acmap.html|publisher=State Election Commission, Government of Odisha|access-date=14 December 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130125142200/http://ceoorissa.nic.in/acmap.html|archive-date=25 January 2013|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|last=Satapathy|first=Rajaram|title=Urban voters stay away from polls|url=http://mobiletoi.timesofindia.com/mobile.aspx?article=yes&pageid=7&sectid=edid=&edlabel=TOIJ&mydateHid=03-05-2009&pubname=Times+of+India+-+Jaipur&edname=&articleid=Ar00701&publabel=TOI|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141030161654/http://mobiletoi.timesofindia.com/mobile.aspx?article=yes&pageid=7&sectid=edid=&edlabel=TOIJ&mydateHid=03-05-2009&pubname=Times+of+India+-+Jaipur&edname=&articleid=Ar00701&publabel=TOI|url-status=dead|archive-date=30 October 2014|access-date=14 December 2012|newspaper=Times of India}}</ref> The [[2019 Indian general election|last Lok Sabha election]] was in 2019, when [[Aparajita Sarangi]] from [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] won the seat.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Bhubaneswar Lok Sabha Election Results 2019 Live: Bhubaneswar Constituency Election Results, News, Candidates, Vote Paercentage|url=https://www.news18.com/lok-sabha-elections-2019/odisha/bhubaneswar-election-result-s18p18/|access-date=2020-11-06|website=News18}}</ref> The last state assembly election took place in 2019 as well, when all three [[Odisha Vidhan Sabha|Vidhan Sabha]] seats in Bhubaneswar were won by [[Biju Janata Dal]]: Susant Kumar Rout from North, Ashok Chandra Panda from Ekamra, and Ananta Narayan Jena from Central.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Live Results: Bhubaneswar North (Uttar) Assemlby Constituency (Odisha)|url=https://www.news18.com/assembly-elections-2019/odisha-bhubaneswar-north-(uttar)-results-s18a113/|access-date=2020-11-06|website=News18}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Ekamra-Bhubaneswar Assembly Election Results 2019 Live: Ekamra-Bhubaneswar Constituency (Seat) Election Results, Live News.|url=https://www.news18.com/assembly-elections-2019/odisha/ekamra-bhubaneswar-election-result-s18a114/|access-date=2020-11-06|website=News18}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Bhubaneswar Central (Madhya) Assembly Election Results 2019 Live: Bhubaneswar Central (Madhya) Constituency (Seat) Election Results, Live News.|url=https://www.news18.com/assembly-elections-2019/odisha/bhubaneswar-central-(madhya)-election-result-s18a112/|access-date=2020-11-06|website=News18}}</ref>

=== Judicial and police institutions ===
As the seat of the [[Government of Odisha]], Bhubaneswar is home to the [[Odisha Legislative Assembly]] and the state secretariat. Bhubaneswar has lower courts: the Court of Small Causes and the District Civil Court decide civil matters; the Sessions Court rules in criminal cases.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Pradhan|first=Ashok|date=2 December 2012|title=State capital misses district status|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/bhubaneswar/State-capital-misses-district-status/articleshow/17448010.cms|url-status=live|access-date=31 December 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130616222459/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-12-02/bhubaneswar/35547734_1_khurda-powers-of-chief-district-district-courts|newspaper=[[The Times of India]]|archive-date=16 June 2013}}</ref> The [[Bhubaneswar–Cuttack Police Commissionerate]], established in 2008, is a city police force with primary responsibilities in law enforcement and investigation in the Bhubaneswar-Cuttack area.<ref name="evolution">{{Cite web|title=Evolution|url=http://bhubaneswarcuttackpolice.gov.in/evolution_commissionerate.php|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120304102117/http://bhubaneswarcuttackpolice.gov.in/evolution_commissionerate.php|archive-date=4 March 2012|access-date=6 February 2012|publisher=Bhubaneswar–Cuttack Police Commissionerate}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Police Stations|url=http://bhubaneswarcuttackpolice.gov.in/knowyourpolicestation.php|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120130193336/http://bhubaneswarcuttackpolice.gov.in/knowyourpolicestation.php|archive-date=30 January 2012|access-date=6 February 2012|publisher=Bhubaneswar-Cuttack Police Commissionerate}}</ref> Shri S.K. Priyadarshi, IPS is the police commissioner.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Organisation structure|url=http://www.bhubaneswarcuttackpolice.gov.in/organizational_structure.php|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120508212459/http://bhubaneswarcuttackpolice.gov.in/organizational_structure.php|archive-date=8 May 2012|access-date=26 December 2012|publisher=Bhubaneswar-Cuttack Police Commissionerate}}</ref>

[[File:ORISSA SECRETARIAT.jpg|thumb|Odisha State Secretariat building|alt=A wide four storied building with landscaped lawn and garden in the foreground]]

== Public utilities ==
Electricity was earlier being supplied by the state-operated [[Central Electricity Supply Utility of Odisha]].<ref name="disaster" />  [[Tata Power|TATA Power]]- TP-CODL, as a private entity, started power distribution in the city by the end of 2020.<ref>{{Cite web|date=December 5, 2020|title=After Cesu, Tata Power to take over two more discoms in Odisha|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/bhubaneswar/after-cesu-tata-power-to-take-over-2-more-discoms-in-odisha/articleshow/79578998.cms|access-date=2021-06-13|website=The Times of India|language=en}}</ref> Fire services are handled by the state agency, [[Odisha Fire Service]]. Drinking water is sourced from the Mahanadi, Kuakhai and Daya rivers. [[Water supply]] and [[sewerage]] are handled by the [[Public Health Engineering Organisation]].<ref name=cdpbbsr /> As of 2015, 35% of the city was covered by piped water connections, 1.4% of the households had metered water connection, and the extent of non-revenue water in the city ran to 62.5%.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|title=Service Level Improvement Plan: Bhubaneswar|url=http://www.urbanodisha.gov.in/Admin/Upload_Files/AMRUT/SLIPs/Bhubaneswar.pdf|access-date=6 November 2020|website=Department of Housing & Urban Development, Government of Odisha}}</ref> The Engineering Department of BMC creates and maintains roads.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Engineering|url=https://www.bmc.gov.in/departments/engineering|access-date=2020-11-06|website=Bhubaneswar Municipal Corporation}}</ref>

26.7% of the city is covered by sewage network, while more than 50% of the households are dependent on onsite containment systems, such as septic tanks.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Septage Management|url=https://www.bmc.gov.in/programs/septage-management|access-date=2020-11-06|website=Bhubaneswar Municipal Corporation}}</ref> There is no [[sewage treatment plant]] in Bhubaneswar right now,{{When|date=January 2021}} but one is being built using [[Jawaharlal Nehru National Urban Renewal Mission|JNNURM]] funds.<ref name=":1" /><ref>{{Cite web|title=Completion of sewerage system in Bhubaneswar to take time, says Minister|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/bhubaneswar/2019/jul/18/completion-of-sewerage-system-in-bhubaneswar-to-take-time-says-minister-2005681.html|access-date=2020-11-06|website=The New Indian Express|date=17 July 2019 }}</ref> The waste from the limited sewage network flows untreated into the Daya river. There is one septage treatment plant for fecal sludge with a capacity of 75 KLD.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-02-17|title=Odisha CS Visits Septage Treatment Plant In Bhubaneswar {{!}}|url=https://ommcomnews.com/odisha-news/odisha-cs-visits-septage-treatment-plant-in-bhubaneswar|access-date=2020-11-06|website=Ommcom News|language=en-US}}</ref>

The municipal corporation is responsible for the solid waste management in the city. The average municipal waste generated in the city is 480&nbsp;kg/m3 for wet waste and 600&nbsp;kg/m3 for wet waste.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web|last1=Mohanta|first1=Arun Kumar|last2=Sahoo|first2=CR|last3=Sethi|first3=KC|title=Municipal solid waste management in Bhubaneswar: Current practices, challenges and prospects|url=http://www.newengineeringjournal.com/download/100/3-2-27-195.pdf|access-date=6 November 2020|website=New Engineering Journal}}</ref> Bhubaneswar Municipal Corporation BMC has introduced door to door collection through battery operated garbage collection vehicle.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-10-30|title=BMC's Battery-Operated Vehicles To Collect Garbage From Doorstep In Bhubaneswar|url=https://odishabytes.com/bmcs-battery-operated-vehicles-to-collect-garbage-from-doorstep-in-bhubaneswar/|access-date=2020-11-06|website=ODISHA BYTES|language=en-US}}</ref> It is trying to introduce segregation at source by providing two waste bins to every household, one each for dry and wet waste.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2019-06-12|title=Door-To-Door Garbage Collection By BMC & CMC Very Soon {{!}}|url=https://ommcomnews.com/odisha-news/door-to-door-garbage-collection-by-bmc-cmc-very-soon|access-date=2020-11-06|website=Ommcom News|language=en-US}}</ref> Landfilling is the most common method of waste disposal in Bhubaneswar.<ref name=":2" /> State-owned [[Bharat Sanchar Nigam Limited]], or [[Bharat Sanchar Nigam Limited|BSNL]], as well as private enterprises, among them [[Reliance Jio]], [[Bharti Airtel]], [[Vodafone Idea]], are the leading telephone, cell phone and [[internet service provider]]s in the city.<ref name="trai ar 11 wire">{{Cite web|title=Annual report 2010–11|url=http://www.trai.gov.in/WriteReadData/UserFiles/Documents/AnuualReports/ar_10_11.pdf|publisher=Telecom Regulatory Authority of India|access-date=13 June 2012|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120526230024/http://www.trai.gov.in/WriteReadData/UserFiles/Documents/AnuualReports/ar_10_11.pdf|archive-date=26 May 2012}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=The Indian telecom services performance indicators October&nbsp;– December 2011|url=http://trai.gov.in/WriteReadData/PIRReport/Documents/Indicator%20Report-dec-2011.pdf|publisher=Telecom Regulatory Authority of India|access-date=25 June 2012|pages=122–126|date=13 April 2012|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120526133859/http://www.trai.gov.in/WriteReadData/PIRReport/Documents/Indicator%20Report-dec-2011.pdf|archive-date=26 May 2012}}</ref>

== Education ==
{{See also|List of institutions of higher education in Odisha}}

[[File:AIIMS Bhubaneswar 01.jpg|thumb|[[AIIMS Bhubaneswar]]]]
[[File:H222222222222.jpg|thumb|[[IIT Bhubaneswar]]]]
[[File:IOP Bhubaneswar library.JPG|thumb|[[Institute of Physics, Bhubaneswar]]]]
[[File:NISER Academic Complex, June 2016.jpg|thumb|[[National Institute of Science Education and Research|NISER]]]]
[[File:Utkal University Main Gate.jpg|thumb|[[Utkal University]]]]
[[File:XIMB New Academic Block.JPG|thumb|[[Xavier Institute of Management, Bhubaneswar]]]]
Bhubaneswar is a centre for higher education in the Eastern Region and is considered the education hub of Eastern India with several government and privately funded Universities and colleges.<ref name=":4">{{Cite web |date=2021-08-18 |title=Bhubaneswar: Home to a bunch of reputed colleges and research institutes – The Economic Times |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/industry/services/education/looking-east-rise-of-bhubaneswar-as-an-attractive-education-hub/articleshow/55913679.cms |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210818121851/https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/industry/services/education/looking-east-rise-of-bhubaneswar-as-an-attractive-education-hub/articleshow/55913679.cms |archive-date=2021-08-18 |access-date=2021-08-18}}</ref><ref name=":5">{{Cite web |date=2021-08-18 |title=India's emerging education hubs: A look at the best cities to study in – The Economic Times |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/industry/services/education/indias-emerging-education-hubs-a-look-at-indias-best-cities-to-study-in/articleshow/55915163.cms?from=mdr |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210818122007/https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/industry/services/education/indias-emerging-education-hubs-a-look-at-indias-best-cities-to-study-in/articleshow/55915163.cms?from=mdr |archive-date=2021-08-18 |access-date=2021-08-18}}</ref> [[Indian Institute of Technology Bhubaneswar|IIT Bhubaneswar]], [[National Institute of Science Education and Research|NISER]] Bhubaneswar, [[All India Institute of Medical Sciences Bhubaneswar|AIIMS Bhubaneswar]] and [[National Institute of Fashion Technology Bhubaneswar|NIFT Bhubaneswar]] are some of the elite institutions of country which are located in the city. [[Utkal University]] Bhubaneswar is the oldest university in Odisha and the 17th oldest university in India.

=== Primary and secondary education ===
<!---♦♦♦ Only add a school to this list if it already has its own article on the English Wikipedia ♦♦♦--->
<!---♦♦♦ Please keep the lists in alphabetical order ♦♦♦--->
Odia and English are the primary languages of instruction. Schools in Bhubaneswar follow the [[Education in India|"10+2+3" plan]] for Regular Graduates and [[Education in India|"10+2+4" plan]] for Technical studies. Schools in Bhubaneswar are either run by the state government or private organisations. Students typically enroll in schools that are affiliated with any of the following mediums of education.
* [[Board of Secondary Education, Odisha|BSE, Odisha]]
* [[Council of Higher Secondary Education, Odisha|CHSE, Odisha]]
* [[Central Board of Secondary Education|CBSE]]
* [[Council for the Indian School Certificate Examinations]]
* [[State Council for Technical Education & Vocational Training|SCTE&VT, Odisha]]

Notable union government schools in the city include
*[[Kendriya Vidyalaya No. 1, Bhubaneswar]],
*[[Sainik School, Bhubaneswar|Sainik School]]

Notable state government schools in the city include
*[[Badagada Government High School, Bhubaneswar]]
*[[Capital High School, Bhubaneswar]]
*[[Government High School, Saheed Nagar]]

Notable private schools in the city include
*[[D.A.V. Public School, Chandrasekharpur]],
*[[DAV Public School, Unit-8, Bhubaneswar]],
*[[Loyola School, Bhubaneswar]],
*[[Sai International School, Bhubaneswar]],
*[[St. Joseph's High School, Bhubaneswar]],

=== Higher education ===
Several colleges are affiliated with universities or institution based in Bhubaneswar or elsewhere in India. Most offer a wide range of programs in [[Science, technology, engineering, and mathematics|STEM]] and applied research and are rated highly by the [[Ministry of Human Resource Development]], India.

==== Engineering and applied sciences institutions ====
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* [[C. V. Raman Global University]]
* [[Central Institute of Freshwater Aquaculture]]
* [[Eastern Academy of Science and Technology]]
* [[IIT Bhubaneswar|Indian Institute of Technology Bhubaneswar]]
* [[Institute of Chemical Technology]], Mumbai (off campus in collaboration with IndianOil and IIT Kharagpur)
* [[Institute of Minerals and Materials Technology]] (IMMT, erstwhile RRL)
* [[Institute of Physics, Bhubaneswar|Institute of Physics]]
* [[International Institute of Information Technology, Bhubaneswar]] (IIIT-BBSR or IIIT-BH)
* [[Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology]]
* [[National Institute of Fashion Technology]] (NIFT)
* [[National Institute of Science Education and Research]] (NISER)
* [[Orissa Engineering College]]
* [[Regional Institute of Education, Bhubaneswar|Regional Institute of Education]]

==== Medical institutions ====
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* [[All India Institute of Medical Sciences Bhubaneswar]]
* [[Hi-Tech Medical College & Hospital, Bhubaneswar]]
* [[Institute of Medical Sciences and Sum Hospital]]
* [[Kalinga Institute of Medical Sciences]]
* [[Regional Medical Research Center, Bhubaneswar|Regional Medical Research Center]]

==== Universities ====
<!---♦♦♦ Only add a school to this list if it already has its own article on the English Wikipedia ♦♦♦--->
<!---♦♦♦ Please keep the lists in alphabetical order ♦♦♦--->
* [[Birla Global University]], Bhubaneswar 
* [[Centurion University of Technology and Management]], Bhubaneswar 
* [[International Institute of Information Technology, Bhubaneswar]] (IIIT-BBSR or IIIT-BH)
* [[Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology]]
* [[Odisha State Open University]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.bjbcollege.in|title=Odisha State Open University, Bhubaneswar|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190104072921/http://www.bjbcollege.in/|archive-date=4 January 2019|url-status=live}}</ref>
* [[Odisha University of Agriculture and Technology]]
* [[Odisha University of Health Sciences]]
* [[Odisha University of Technology and Research]]
* [[Rama Devi Women's University]]
* [[Regional College of Management]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.rcm.ac.in/|title=MBA College in Bhubaneswar {{!}} PGDM College in Bhubaneswar|website=Regional College of Management|language=en-GB|access-date=23 September 2019}}</ref>
* [[Siksha 'O' Anusandhan]]
* [[Silicon University]]
* [[Utkal University of Culture]]
* [[Utkal University]]
* [[Xavier Institute of Management, Bhubaneswar|XIM University]]
'''Professional Institute'''

* The [[Institute of Cost Accountants of India|Institute of Cost Accountants]] of India -Bhubaneswar Chapter, Bhubaneswar.
*The Institute of Chartered Accountants of India-Bhuneshwar Branch of EIRC<ref>{{Cite web|title=Bhubaneswar ICAI – Bhubaneswar Branch of EIRC|url=https://www.bhubaneswar-icai.org/|access-date=2022-01-08|language=en-US}}</ref>

==== Think tanks and research institutes ====
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<!---♦♦♦ Please keep the lists in alphabetical order ♦♦♦--->
* [[Nabakrushna Choudhury Centre for Development Studies]] (NCDS)

The Eastern Regional Centre of Indian Institute of Tourism and Travel Management (IITTM), was established in 1996. One IATA Authorised Training Centre (ATC) is located in the city. Several regional management educational institutions also have travel and tourism related courses in their curriculum.{{Citation needed|date=September 2019}}

== Transport ==
[[File:Mo Cycle Bhubaneswar.jpg|thumb|Mo Cycle]]

=== Bicycle ===
A public bicycle sharing project named Mo Cycle has been started by the Bhubaneswar Smart City Limited (BSCL) and the Capital Region Urban Transport (CRUT). The scheme aims to reduce [[traffic congestion]], promote non-motorized transport in the city and ensure better last mile connectivity. Chief minister Naveen Patnaik in November 2011 inaugurated Mo Cycle.
<ref>{{Cite news |author=Staff Reporter |date=2018-11-26 |title=Naveen Patnaik launches public bicycle sharing system |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/other-states/naveen-patnaik-launches-public-bicycle-sharing-system/article25601074.ece |access-date=2025-03-19 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref> Around 400 cycle stands have been set up across the city. Around 2,000 bicycles have been ordered from three companies – Hexi, Yaana and Yulu. Hexi (from Hero Cycles) will provide 1,000 bicycles and Yaana and Yulu will provide 500 each. The availability of rentals Bicycles are accessed by the Dedicated mobile app – "mo app".<ref>{{Cite web|title=Bhubaneswar launches bicycle sharing|url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/odisha/bhubaneswar-launches-bicycle-sharing-with-app-and-a-monthly-subscription/cid/1676624|access-date=2021-06-13|website=www.telegraphindia.com}}</ref>

=== Bus ===
[[File:MoBus AC Bus.jpg|thumb|[[Mo Bus]]]]
Internal public transport is maintained by "Mo Bus (My Bus)" service administered by CRUT(Capital Region Urban Transport) along with connecting nearest cities like Cuttack and Puri.
<!-- Deleted image removed: [[File:Mobusofbhubaneswar.jpg|thumb|Mo Bus on Bus stop, Bhubaneswar.]] -->
The headquarters of the [[Odisha State Road Transport Corporation]] (OSRTC) is in Bhubaneswar. The main Bhubaneswar inter-state bus terminus is at Barmunda, {{convert|8|km|mi}} from the city centre, from where OSRTC and private operators run buses connecting Bhubaneswar to cities in Odisha and with the neighbouring states of [[Andhra Pradesh]], [[Jharkhand]], [[West Bengal]] and [[Chhattisgarh]].<ref>{{Cite news|last=Pradhan|first=Ashok|title=Gateway to Bhubaneswar stinks of apathy and neglect|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/bhubaneswar/Gateway-to-Bhubaneswar-stinks-of-apathy-and-neglect/articleshow/14509086.cms|access-date=14 December 2012|date=29 June 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130616225340/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-06-29/bhubaneswar/32471454_1_bus-terminus-bus-station-baramunda|archive-date=16 June 2013|newspaper=[[The Times of India]]|url-status=live}}</ref> Bhubaneswar is connected to the rest of Odisha and India by [[National Highway (India)|National Highway]]-[[National Highway 16 (India)|NH 16]], which is a part of the Kolkata-Chennai prong of the [[Golden Quadrilateral]], [[National Highway 203 (India)|NH 203]], State Highway 13 (Odisha) and State Highway 27 (Odisha). Asian Highway- [[AH 45]] passes through the city.<ref name=bdasnap />
{{mapframe|frame=yes|type=point|zoom=SWITCH:4,6,10|switch=zoomed out, zoomed mid, zoomed in}}

=== Road ===
[[File:Aerial view of flyover, Bhubaneswar.jpg|thumb|One of the many fly-overs in the city.]]
[[Roads in Bhubaneswar|Bhubaneswar has roads]] in grid form in the central city. Bhubaneswar has approximately {{convert|1600|km|mi}} of roads, with average road density of {{convert|11.82|sqkm|sqmi}}.<ref name=cdpbbsr /> Baramunda Inter State Bus Terminus (ISBT) is the major bus terminus in the city from where buses ply to all the districts in Odisha as well as to neighbouring state's cities like [[Hyderabad]], [[Kolkata]], [[Visakhapatnam]], [[Raipur]] and [[Ranchi]]. [[Bhubaneswar City Bus|City bus service]] ([[Mo Bus]]) runs across Bhubaneswar by Capital Region Urban Transport Authority run by Bhubaneswar Development Authority.<ref name=citybus>{{Cite news|last=Mohapatra|first=Debabrata|title=Bus operator launches e-info system|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/bhubaneswar/Bus-operator-launches-e-info-system/articleshow/16885574.cms|access-date=14 December 2012|date=20 October 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130617002324/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-10-20/bhubaneswar/34606108_1_bus-routes-dts-chairman-nishikant-mishra-city-bus-service|archive-date=17 June 2013|newspaper=[[The Times of India]]|url-status=live}}</ref> A fleet of 300+ buses cover all major destinations including Cuttack, Puri and Khordha.<ref name=citybus /> [[Auto rickshaw]]s are available for hire and on a share basis throughout the city. In parts of the city, [[cycle rickshaw]]s offer short trips.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Cycle-rickshaws a rarity in capital|url=http://www.hindu.com/2009/04/30/stories/2009043052410300.htm|access-date=14 December 2012|date=30 April 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140204042055/http://www.hindu.com/2009/04/30/stories/2009043052410300.htm|archive-date=4 February 2014|newspaper=[[The Hindu]]|url-status=dead}}</ref> To ease traffic jams, over-bridges at major road junctions and expansion of roads are under construction.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Pradhan|first=Ashok|title=High hopes for highway|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/bhubaneswar/High-hopes-for-highway-/articleshow/8495804.cms|access-date=14 December 2012|date=21 May 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130617002408/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2011-05-21/bhubaneswar/29568327_1_nhai-plans-national-highways-authority-underpasses|archive-date=17 June 2013|newspaper=[[The Times of India]]|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|last=Mohapatra|first=Debabrata|title=Roads wide open to accidents|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/bhubaneswar/Roads-wide-open-to-accidents/articleshow/7447198.cms|access-date=14 December 2012|date=7 February 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130617040610/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2011-02-07/bhubaneswar/28541473_1_road-accidents-janpath-ongoing-road|archive-date=17 June 2013|newspaper=[[The Times of India]]|url-status=live}}</ref> In a study of six cities in India, Bhubaneswar was ranked third concerning pedestrian infrastructure. The city scored 50 points out of a maximum of 100.

=== Railway station ===
[[File:BBSrailwaystation.jpg|thumb|Bhubaneswar railway station]]
Bhubaneswar has the following stations:

{| class="wikitable sortable" style="background:#fff;"
|-
! style="background:#ffd750;"| Station name
! style="background:#ffd750;"| Station code
! style="background:#ffd750;"| Railway zone
! style="background:#ffd750;"| Number of platforms
|-
| [[Bhubaneswar railway station|Bhubaneswar]]
| style="text-align:center;"| BBS
| style="text-align:center;"| [[East Coast Railway zone|East Coast Railway]]
| style="text-align:center;"| 6
|-
| [[Mancheswar railway station|Mancheswar]]
| style="text-align:center;"| MCS
| style="text-align:center;"| [[East Coast Railway zone|East Coast Railway]]
| style="text-align:center;"| 4
|-
| [[Lingaraj Temple Road railway station|Lingaraj Temple Road]]
| style="text-align:center;"| LGTR
| style="text-align:center;"| [[East Coast Railway zone|East Coast Railway]]
| style="text-align:center;"| 3
|-
| [[Vani Vihar railway station|Vani Vihar]]
| style="text-align:center;"| BNBH
| style="text-align:center;"| [[East Coast Railway zone|East Coast Railway]]
| style="text-align:center;"| 2
|-
| [[Patia railway station|Patia]]
| style="text-align:center;"| PTAB
| style="text-align:center;"| [[East Coast Railway zone|East Coast Railway]]
| style="text-align:center;"| 2
|-
| [[New Bhubaneswar railway station|New Bhubaneswar]]
| style="text-align:center;"| BBSN
| style="text-align:center;"| [[East Coast Railway zone|East Coast Railway]]
| style="text-align:center;"| 7
|-
| Barang
| style="text-align:center;"| BRAG
| style="text-align:center;"| [[East Coast Railway zone|East Coast Railway]]
| style="text-align:center;"| 3
|}
The [[East Coast Railway]] has its headquarters in Bhubaneswar.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Bhubaneshwar - ECR headquarters |url=https://www.india.gov.in/website-east-coast-railway#:~:text=East%20Coast%20Railway%20%E2%80%93%20one%20of,in%20the%20state%20of%20Odisha.}}</ref> [[Bhubaneswar railway station]] is one of the main stations of the Indian railway network. It is connected to major cities by daily express and passenger trains and daily service to all metro cities is available from here. However, the station is overloaded by existing traffic. Currently, the station has six platforms. There are plans to add two more platforms.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/bhubaneswar/new-platform-to-come-up-at-bhubaneswar-railway-station/articleshow/57133161.cms|title=New platform to come up at Bhubaneswar railway station – Times of India|work=The Times of India|access-date=25 October 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171222033216/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/bhubaneswar/new-platform-to-come-up-at-bhubaneswar-railway-station/articleshow/57133161.cms|archive-date=22 December 2017|url-status=live}}</ref>

A satellite station [[New Bhubaneswar railway station]] is opened near Barang in July 2018 to decongest the existing installation.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/bhubaneswar/bhubaneswar-new-station-opened-for-public/articleshow/64894934.cms |title=Bhubaneswar New Station opened for public &#124; Bhubaneswar News – Times of India |website=[[The Times of India]] |date=7 July 2018 |access-date=18 December 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181223220707/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/bhubaneswar/bhubaneswar-new-station-opened-for-public/articleshow/64894934.cms |archive-date=23 December 2018 |url-status=live  }}</ref>

=== Airport ===
[[File:Biju Patnaik Airport Bhubaneswar.jpg|thumb|Biju Patnaik International Airport]]

[[Biju Patnaik Airport|Biju Patnaik International Airport]] ([[International Air Transport Association airport code|IATA]]:&nbsp;'''BBI''',&nbsp;[[International Civil Aviation Organization airport code|ICAO]]:&nbsp;'''VEBS''') also known as Bhubaneswar Airport, {{convert|3|km|mi}} south of the city centre, is the major and sole international airport in Odisha. There are daily domestic flights from Bhubaneswar to [[Delhi]], [[Hyderabad]], [[Mumbai]], [[Kolkata]], [[Vishakhapatnam]], [[Chennai]] and [[Bangalore]] and international flights from Bhubaneswar to Dubai, Singapore and Bangkok. The major carriers from Bhubaneswar are [[IndiGo|Indigo]], [[Vistara]], [[Akasa Air]], and [[AirAsia India]]. In March 2013, a new domestic terminal with a capacity of handling 30 million passengers per year was inaugurated to handle increased air traffic.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Singha|first=Minati|title=International airport to take off by June|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/bhubaneswar/International-airport-to-take-off-by-June/articleshow/18804322.cms|access-date=5 March 2013|date=5 March 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131011133555/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2013-03-05/bhubaneswar/37468355_1_aai-sources-airports-authority-biju-patnaik-airport|archive-date=11 October 2013|newspaper=[[The Times of India]]|url-status=live}}</ref> On 10 July 2015, the first international flight took off from Terminal 2 of [[Biju Patnaik International Airport]].

== Culture ==
{{See also|List of Hindu temples in Bhubaneswar}}[[File:Muktesvara deula.jpg|thumb|left|[[Muktesvara deula]], covered with erotic ancient carvings, known for its quality of sculptures]]
[[File:Ravindra Mandap, Bhubaneswar, Odisha.jpg|thumb|Ravindra Mandapa, an auditorium in Bhubaneswar]]
Bhubaneswar is supposed to have had over one [[List of temples in Bhubaneswar|thousand temples]], earning the tag of the 'Temple City of India'.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Bhubaneswar {{!}} District Preview Template {{!}} India |url=https://s3c4ca4238a0b923820dcc509a6f75849b.s3waas.gov.in/tourist-place/bhubaneswar/#:~:text=Bhubaneswar%20the%20temple%20city%20of,state%20of%20Odisha,%20formerly%20Orissa. |access-date=2025-03-19 |language=en-US}}</ref> Temples are made in the [[Kalinga architecture|Kalinga architectural]] style with a pine spire that curves up to a point over the sanctum housing the presiding deity and a pyramid-covered hall where people sit and pray.

Temples include [[Lingaraja Temple]], [[Muktesvara deula|Muktesvara Temple]], [[Rajarani Temple]], [[Ananta Vasudeva Temple]].<ref>[[Ramesh Prasad Mohapatra]], ''Archaeology in Orissa'', Vol I, Page 47-84, B. R. Publishing Corporation, Delhi, 1986, {{ISBN|81-7018-346-4}}</ref> The [[Kukutesvara Siva Temple]] is a small, 1000-year-old shrine to [[Shiva]].
[[File:Dhauligiri Entrance.JPG|thumb|Dhauligiri Peace Pagoda]]
The twin hills of [[Udayagiri and Khandagiri Caves|Khandagiri and Udayagiri]], served as the site of an ancient [[Jainism|Jaina]] [[matha|monastery]] which was carved into cave-like chambers in the face of the hill. These caves, with artistic carvings, date back to the 2nd century BCE. [[Dhauli]] hills has major edicts of [[Ashoka]] engraved on a mass of rock and a white [[Peace Pagoda]], built by the Japan Buddha Sangha and the Kalinga Nippon Buddha Sangha in the 1970s. Apart from the ancient temples, other important temples were built in recent times including [[Ram Mandir, Bhubaneswar|Ram Mandir]] and [[ISKCON]].

Bhubaneswar along with Cuttack is the home of the Odia cinema industry, dubbed "[[Ollywood]]", where most of the state's film studios are situated.

[[Culture of Odisha|Odia culture]] survives in the form of Classical [[Odissi]] dance, handicrafts, sand artistry and sculpturing as well as theatre and music. Boundary walls and gardens are increasingly being redone to depict the folk art of the state.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Rautray|first=Samanwaya|title=Orissa campaign hits painted wall|url=http://www.telegraphindia.com/1090411/jsp/nation/story_10801416.jsp|access-date=21 February 2013|newspaper=The Telegraph|date=11 April 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140703174743/http://www.telegraphindia.com/1090411/jsp/nation/story_10801416.jsp|archive-date=3 July 2014|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|title=BMC takes up wall painting|url=http://www.hindu.com/2008/03/12/stories/2008031251750300.htm|access-date=21 February 2013|date=12 March 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081118142512/http://www.hindu.com/2008/03/12/stories/2008031251750300.htm|archive-date=18 November 2008|newspaper=[[The Hindu]]|url-status=dead}}</ref> [[Odissi]], the oldest of the eight surviving [[Indian classical dance|classical dance forms]] of India can be traced from archaeological evidence of the temples in Bhubaneswar.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Kuiper|first=Kathleen|title=The Culture of India|year=2010|publisher=The Rosen Publishing Group|isbn=978-1-61530-149-2|page=278}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=Nayak|first=Smritilekha|title=Dance and Architecture: Body, Form, Space and Transformation|year=2008|isbn=978-0-549-96518-3|pages=5–6}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=Lemon|first=Ralph|title=Tree: Belief / Culture / Balance|year=2004|publisher=Wesleyan University Press|isbn=978-0-8195-6699-7|pages=69–70}}</ref>

=== Odissi dance ===
[[Odissi dance]] is generally accompanied by [[Odissi music]]. Srjan, the Odissi dance academy founded by Guru [[Kelucharan Mohapatra]], the legendary Odissi dancer is found here.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Dance fete to start from Sept. 14|url=http://www.hindu.com/2007/08/18/stories/2007081850890200.htm|access-date=21 February 2013|date=18 August 2007|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090418062501/http://www.hindu.com/2007/08/18/stories/2007081850890200.htm|archive-date=18 April 2009|newspaper=[[The Hindu]]|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|last=Venkataraman|first=Leela|title=Remembering the maestro|url=http://www.hindu.com/fr/2005/04/15/stories/2005041501680200.htm|access-date=21 February 2013|date=15 April 2005|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050420033944/http://www.hindu.com/fr/2005/04/15/stories/2005041501680200.htm|archive-date=20 April 2005|newspaper=[[The Hindu]]|url-status=dead}}</ref> The Rabindra Mandapa in central Bhubaneswar plays host to cultural engagements, theatre and private functions.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Singha|first=Minati|title=Culture capital lacks adequate auditoriums|url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2013-02-12/bhubaneswar/37057909_1_auditoriums-rabindra-mandap-cultural-programmes|access-date=21 February 2013|date=12 February 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130617034803/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2013-02-12/bhubaneswar/37057909_1_auditoriums-rabindra-mandap-cultural-programmes|archive-date=17 June 2013|newspaper=[[The Times of India]]|url-status=dead}}</ref> 
[[File:Odissi Performance DS.jpg|thumb|upright|[[Odissi]] dance]]

=== Dress and attire ===
Though Odia women traditionally wear the [[sari]], [[shalwar kameez]] and of late, Western attire is gaining acceptance among younger women.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Singha|first=Minati|title=Shoppers on last-minute splurge for Durga Puja|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/bhubaneswar/Shoppers-on-last-minute-splurge-for-Durga-Puja/articleshow/10102975.cms|access-date=21 February 2013|date=24 September 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130617020555/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2011-09-24/bhubaneswar/30197989_1_brands-silks-shoppers|archive-date=17 June 2013|newspaper=[[The Times of India]]|url-status=live}}</ref> Western-style dress has greater acceptance among men, although the traditional [[dhoti]] and [[kurta]] are seen during festivals.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Khadi makes a cool fashion statement|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/bhubaneswar/Khadi-makes-a-cool-fashion-statement/articleshow/7810685.cms|access-date=21 February 2013|date=28 March 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130617011501/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2011-03-28/bhubaneswar/29367022_1_khadi-products-village-industries-board-khadi-bhandar|archive-date=17 June 2013|newspaper=[[The Times of India]]|url-status=live}}</ref>

The [[Odisha State Museum]] offers archaeological artefacts, weapons, local arts and crafts as well as insights into Odisha's natural and indigenous history.<ref>{{Cite web|title=About Odisha State Museum |url=http://orissamuseum.nic.in/About_Us.html |publisher=Odisha State Museum, Government of Odisha |access-date=21 February 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130103220053/http://orissamuseum.nic.in/About_Us.html |archive-date=3 January 2013 }}</ref> The [[Tribal Research Institute Museum]] hosts authentic tribal dwellings created by tribal craftsmen.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Scheduled Castes & Scheduled Tribes Research & Training Institute, Bhubaneswar |url=http://www.orissa.gov.in/stsc/research_training.htm |publisher=ST, SC, Minorities, and Backward Classes Welfare Department, Government of Odisha |access-date=21 February 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120128101640/http://orissa.gov.in/stsc/research_training.htm |archive-date=28 January 2012  }}</ref> [[Nandankanan Zoological Park]], located on the northern outskirt of the city, is India's first zoo to join [[World Association of Zoos and Aquariums]].<ref>{{Cite news|last=Singha|first=Minati|title=Nandankanan now a member of world zoo body|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/bhubaneswar/Nandankanan-now-a-member-of-world-zoo-body/articleshow/4735203.cms|access-date=21 February 2013|date=3 July 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130617005054/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2009-07-03/bhubaneswar/28167173_1_zoo-houses-zoos-and-aquariums-first-zoo|archive-date=17 June 2013|newspaper=[[The Times of India]]|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|title=Nandankanan enters the big league|url=http://www.hindu.com/2009/07/04/stories/2009070451080200.htm|access-date=21 February 2013|date=4 July 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090709022922/http://www.hindu.com/2009/07/04/stories/2009070451080200.htm|archive-date=9 July 2009|newspaper=[[The Hindu]]|url-status=dead}}</ref> The State Botanical Garden (Odisha) and Regional Plant Resource Center, popularly known as ''[[Ekamra Kanan]]'', a park and botanical garden, has a large collection of exotic and regional fauna. The ''Ekamra Haat'' is a hand-loom and handicrafts market. Nicco Park and Ocean World are amusement parks. Other museums include [[Pathani Samanta Planetarium]], [[Regional Museum of Natural History, Bhubaneswar|Regional Museum of Natural History]], Regional Science Center and State Handicrafts Museum.

=== Festivals ===

On the day of Ashokashtami in the month of March or April, the image of Lingaraja (Shiva) and other deities are taken in a procession from Lingaraja Temple to the Mausima Temple, where the deities remain for four days.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Tug at faith strings&nbsp;– Rukuna rath rolls on|url=http://www.telegraphindia.com/1070327/asp/jamshedpur/story_7568349.asp|access-date=4 January 2013|newspaper=The Telegraph|date=27 March 2007|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140703193028/http://www.telegraphindia.com/1070327/asp/jamshedpur/story_7568349.asp|archive-date=3 July 2014|url-status=dead}}</ref> Hundreds of devotees participate in pulling the [[temple car]] that carries the deities, known as ''Rukuna Ratha''.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Rukuna Rath Yatra ends in city|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/bhubaneswar/Rukuna-Rath-Yatra-ends-in-city/articleshow/12541160.cms|access-date=4 January 2013|date=5 April 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130617031826/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-04-05/bhubaneswar/31293702_1_chariot-bahuda-yatra-car-festival|archive-date=17 June 2013|newspaper=[[The Times of India]]|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Ratha-Yatra]], "Temple Car Festival," is the most important festival in Odisha and Bhubaneswar.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Mahapatra|first=Debabrata|title=ISKCON's security concern for Rath Yatra|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/bhubaneswar/ISKCONs-security-concern-for-Rath-Yatra/articleshow/14145537.cms|access-date=4 January 2013|date=15 June 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130617032724/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-06-15/bhubaneswar/32254028_1_iskcon-temple-chariot-festival-rath-yatra|archive-date=17 June 2013|newspaper=[[The Times of India]]|url-status=live}}</ref> The festival commemorates Jagannatha, who is said to have been the incarnation of India's revered deities, Vishnu and [[Krishna]]. [[Durga Puja]], held in September–October, is an occasion for glamorous celebrations.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Twin city security beef up for Durga Puja|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/bhubaneswar/Twin-city-security-beef-up-for-Durga-Puja/articleshow/10211210.cms|access-date=4 January 2013|date=2 October 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130617032016/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2011-10-02/bhubaneswar/30234843_1_puja-pandals-durga-puja-police-officers|archive-date=17 June 2013|newspaper=[[The Times of India]]|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|title=City gearing up for Durga puja|url=http://www.hindu.com/2010/10/07/stories/2010100758390200.htm|access-date=4 January 2013|date=7 October 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101012091853/http://www.hindu.com/2010/10/07/stories/2010100758390200.htm|archive-date=12 October 2010|newspaper=[[The Hindu]]|url-status=dead}}</ref>

As a part of the Ekamra Festival, many cultural sub-festivals take place in January in Bhubaneswar which includes Kalinga Mahotsaba (for traditional martial arts), Dhauli-Kalinga Mahotsaba (for classical dance forms), Rajarani Music Festival (for classical music) and Mukteswara Dance Festival (for Odishi dance).<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://orissatourism.gov.in/new/ekam_festival1.htm|title=Festivals in Bhubaneswar|publisher=Department of Tourism, Government of Odisha|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130224011237/http://orissatourism.gov.in/new/ekam_festival1.htm|archive-date=24 February 2013|url-status=dead|access-date=4 January 2013}}</ref> Residents engage in ''khattis'', or leisurely chats, that often take the form of freestyle intellectual conversation.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.telegraphindia.com/1120129/jsp/odisha/story_15064897.jsp|title=Talk of the times at local khattis|last=Mishra|first=Ashutosh|date=29 January 2012|newspaper=The Telegraph|access-date=21 February 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140408214054/http://www.telegraphindia.com/1120129/jsp/odisha/story_15064897.jsp#.USWnnqVkMWU|archive-date=8 April 2014|url-status=dead}}</ref>

Other festivals celebrated include [[Shivaratri]], [[Diwali]], [[Ganesh Puja|Ganesha Chaturthi]], [[Nuakhai]] and [[Saraswati Puja]]. Eid and Christmas are celebrated by the religious minorities in the city.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Jingle bells ring all over the state|url=http://www.telegraphindia.com/1101225/jsp/orissa/story_13347134.jsp|access-date=4 January 2013|newspaper=The Telegraph|date=25 December 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140703174847/http://www.telegraphindia.com/1101225/jsp/orissa/story_13347134.jsp|archive-date=3 July 2014|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|last=Singha|first=Minita|title=Rain spoils Eid splurge|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/bhubaneswar/Rain-spoils-Eid-splurge/articleshow/9801386.cms|access-date=4 January 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130617034541/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2011-08-30/bhubaneswar/29944584_1_eid-festive-mood-bad-weather|archive-date=17 June 2013|newspaper=[[The Times of India]]|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|title=Gaiety, fervour mark Xmas celebrations|url=http://www.hindu.com/2010/12/26/stories/2010122657090300.htm|archive-url=https://archive.today/20130216060746/http://www.hindu.com/2010/12/26/stories/2010122657090300.htm|url-status=dead|archive-date=16 February 2013|access-date=4 January 2013|newspaper=[[The Hindu]]|date=26 December 2010}}</ref>

The Adivasi Mela, held in January, is a fair that displays the art, artefacts, tradition, culture, and music of the tribal inhabitants of Odisha.<ref>{{Cite news|title=They all love a tribal|url=http://www.indianexpress.com/news/they-all-love-a-tribal/906697/|access-date=4 January 2013|newspaper=Indian Express|date=2 February 2012}}</ref> The Toshali National Crafts Mela, held in December, showcases handicrafts from all over India and from foreign countries.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Singha|first=Minati|title=Toshali craft fair remains a crowd puller|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/bhubaneswar/Toshali-craft-fair-remains-a-crowd-puller/articleshow/17763756.cms|access-date=4 January 2013|date=26 December 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130616232322/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-12-26/bhubaneswar/36007535_1_stalls-food-court-products|archive-date=16 June 2013|newspaper=[[The Times of India]]|url-status=live}}</ref> Other important fairs in the city include the Rajdhani Book Fair, Dot Fest<ref>{{Cite web |date=1 December 2018 |title=City carnival 'DoT FEST' to kick start at Bhubaneswar today |url=https://kalingatv.com/state/city-carnival-dot-fest-to-kick-start-at-bhubaneswar-today/ |access-date=6 September 2023 |website=Kalinga TV}}</ref> and Khandagiri Utsav.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Book fair begins in Bhubaneswar|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/bhubaneswar/Book-fair-begins-in-Bhubaneswar-/articleshow/7478684.cms|access-date=4 January 2013|date=11 February 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130617010947/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2011-02-11/bhubaneswar/28540898_1_publishers-and-book-sellers-eminent-writers-cultural-groups|archive-date=17 June 2013|newspaper=[[The Times of India]]|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|title=Nine-day Khandagiri 'kumbh mela' to begin on February 13|url=http://www.hindu.com/2008/02/06/stories/2008020657560300.htm|access-date=4 January 2013|date=6 February 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080412072100/http://www.hindu.com/2008/02/06/stories/2008020657560300.htm|archive-date=12 April 2008|newspaper=[[The Hindu]]|url-status=dead}}</ref> Two international literary festivals are held in the city, [[Kalinga Literary Festival]]<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.orissapost.com/three-day-kalinga-literary-festival-kicks-off/ |title=Three-day Kalinga Literary Festival Kicks Off |website=Orissa POST |date=8 June 2018 |access-date=16 February 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190216161949/http://www.orissapost.com/three-day-kalinga-literary-festival-kicks-off/ |archive-date=16 February 2019 |url-status=live  }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/odisha/amish-talks-about-rich-kalinga-legacy/cid/1416368 |title=Amish talks about rich Kalinga legacy |access-date=16 February 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190216153616/https://www.telegraphindia.com/states/odisha/amish-talks-about-rich-kalinga-legacy/cid/1416368 |archive-date=16 February 2019 |url-status=live  }}</ref> and Mystic Kalinga Festival.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.orissapost.com/mystic-kalinga-festival-kicks-off/ |title=Mystic Kalinga Festival Kicks off – Orissa POST |date=5 January 2019 |access-date=16 February 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190205034050/http://www.orissapost.com/mystic-kalinga-festival-kicks-off/ |archive-date=5 February 2019 |url-status=live  }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news| url = https://www.thehindu.com/society/when-i-found-myself-crying/article25961189.ece| title = When I found myself crying at Mystic Kalinga – The Hindu| website = [[The Hindu]]| date = 12 January 2019| last1 = Pinto| first1 = Jerry}}</ref> In modern times, Bhubaneswar hosts a literary festival, the Odisha Literary Fest.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Odisha Literary Fest|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/lifestyle/books/2016/oct/22/odisha-literary-fest-1530722.html|access-date=15 April 2017|publisher=The New Indian Express|date=4 November 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170416044702/http://www.newindianexpress.com/lifestyle/books/2016/oct/22/odisha-literary-fest-1530722.html|archive-date=16 April 2017|url-status=live}}</ref>

=== Cuisine ===
[[File:Rasagola.jpg|thumb|left|[[Rasgulla|Pahala rasagola]], a sweet which originated in Odisha]]
[[File:Chenagaja.jpg|thumb|[[Chhena Gaja]], a sweet of Odisha]]

Key elements of the city's cuisine include rice and a fish curry known as ''[[Machha Jhola]]'', which can be accompanied by desserts such as [[Rasagola]], [[Rasabali]], [[Chhena Gaja]], [[Chhena Jhili|Chhena Jhilli]] and [[Chhena Poda]].<ref>{{Cite news|last=Sahu|first=Deepika|title=Discover Odisha's 'sweet' magic|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/life-style/Discover-Odishas-sweet-magic/articleshow/14595468.cms|access-date=19 January 2013|newspaper=Times of India|date=2 July 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160203010901/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/life-style/Discover-Odishas-sweet-magic/articleshow/14595468.cms|archive-date=3 February 2016|url-status=live}}</ref> Odisha's large repertoire of seafood dishes includes various preparations of [[lobsters]] and [[crabs]] brought in from [[Chilika Lake]].<ref name=oriyacuis>{{Cite news|last=Sampad|first=Shilpi|title=Oriya cuisine spices up syllabus|url=http://www.telegraphindia.com/1110223/jsp/orissa/story_13620680.jsp|access-date=19 January 2013|newspaper=The Telegraph|date=23 February 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140419025603/http://www.telegraphindia.com/1110223/jsp/orissa/story_13620680.jsp|archive-date=19 April 2014|url-status=dead}}</ref>

Street foods such as ''[[gupchup]]'' (a deep-fried crêpe, stuffed with a mix of mashed potatoes and boiled yellow peas, and dipped in tamarind-infused water), ''cuttack-chaat'', ''[[Dahibara Aludam|dahibara aloo dum]]'' (a deep-fried doughnut-shaped lentil dumpling marinated in yogurt-infused water and served alongside potato curry) and ''bara-ghuguni'' are sold all over the city.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Dash|first=Ajit|title=Daily scan on street food|url=http://www.telegraphindia.com/1100728/jsp/orissa/story_12738098.jsp|access-date=19 January 2013|newspaper=The Telegraph|date=28 July 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140419014111/http://www.telegraphindia.com/1100728/jsp/orissa/story_12738098.jsp|archive-date=19 April 2014|url-status=dead}}</ref> Traditional Oriya food such as ''[[Pakhala|dahi-pakhala]]'' (rice soaked in water with yogurt and seasonings) which is considered as a body coolant, accompanied by ''badi chura'' or ''saga'' are consumed during the months of April–June.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Pradhan|first=Ashok|title=At 45.9-degree C, Bhubaneswar records highest temperature in 7 years|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/bhubaneswar/At-45-9-degree-C-Bhubaneswar-records-highest-temperature-in-7-years/articleshow/13830825.cms|access-date=19 January 2013|date=5 June 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130616232532/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-06-05/bhubaneswar/32055348_1_highest-temperature-degree-celsius|archive-date=16 June 2013|newspaper=[[The Times of India]]|url-status=live}}</ref>

The ''abadha'' of [[Lingaraja Temple]] and [[Ananta Vasudeva Temple]] served for devotees is considered a vegetarian culinary delight. Other vegetarian dishes are [[Dalma (cuisine)|Dalma]] (made of lentils and vegetables boiled together and then fried with other spices) and [[Santula]] (lightly spiced steamed vegetables).<ref name=oriyacuis />

== Sports ==
[[File:Bhubaneswar Golf Club.jpg|thumb|Bhubaneswar Golf Club|142x142px]]

Bhubaneswar's major sporting arena is the [[Kalinga Stadium]], having facilities for athletics, [[association football|football]], [[field hockey|hockey]], basketball, tennis, table tennis and swimming.<ref name="indoor">{{Cite news|last=Mallick|first=Lelin Kumar|title=Stadium boost to indoor sports|url=http://www.hindu.com/2010/11/30/stories/2010113055280200.htm|access-date=4 January 2013|date=19 January 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131203063529/http://www.hindu.com/2010/11/30/stories/2010113055280200.htm|archive-date=3 December 2013|newspaper=[[The Hindu]]|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|last=Pradhan|first=Ashoke|title=Permanent floodlights for Kalinga stadium on anvil|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/bhubaneswar/Permanent-floodlights-for-Kalinga-stadium-on-anvil/articleshow/13985700.cms|access-date=4 January 2013|date=10 June 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130617020959/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-06-10/bhubaneswar/32155132_1_floodlights-stadium-halogen-bulbs|archive-date=17 June 2013|newspaper=[[The Times of India]]|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|last=Pradhan|first=Ashoke|title=Bhubaneswar needs to do more to imbibe sports culture|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/bhubaneswar/Bhubaneswar-needs-to-do-more-to-imbibe-sports-culture/articleshow/15454208.cms|access-date=4 January 2013|date=12 August 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130617040453/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-08-12/bhubaneswar/33167161_1_sports-talents-dilip-tirkey-sports-personality|archive-date=17 June 2013|newspaper=[[The Times of India]]|url-status=live}}</ref> It hosted the Odisha Hockey World Cup in November–December [[2018 Men's Hockey World Cup|2018]] and becoming the first city to host two consecutive Field Hockey World cup by hosting the FIH WC with [[Rourkela]] in 
January [[2023 Men's Hockey World Cup|2023]].
[[Kalinga Lancers]], the sixth franchise of [[Hockey India League]] (HIL) and [[Odisha FC]] of [[Indian Super League]] (ISL) are based in Bhubaneswar with [[Kalinga Stadium]] as their home ground. [[East Coast Railway Stadium]], a prominent [[cricket]] stadium hosts [[Ranji Trophy]] and other matches.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Ranji match at Railway stadium from tomorrow|url=http://www.hindu.com/2010/11/30/stories/2010113055280200.htm|access-date=4 January 2013|date=30 November 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131203063529/http://www.hindu.com/2010/11/30/stories/2010113055280200.htm|archive-date=3 December 2013|newspaper=[[The Hindu]]|url-status=dead}}</ref>
[[File:The Juggernauts - Odisha FC Supporters.jpg|thumb|left|Kalinga Football Stadium during Indian Super League games]]
[[Odisha Naval Tata Hockey High Performance Centre]], a hockey academy for sub-junior and junior category, has also been set up at Kalinga Stadium after Government of Odisha, Tata Steel & Tata Trusts (Hockey Ace foundation) joined hands to initiate a three-pronged program under the HPC banner of [[Government of Odisha]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://kalingatv.com/state/naval-tata-hockey-academy-inaugurated-in-odisha-capital/ |title=Naval Tata Hockey Academy Inaugurated In Odisha Capital |website=Kalinga TV |date=13 August 2019 |access-date= August 13, 2019}}</ref> The construction of a gallery and stadium renovation is under way. An air-conditioned indoor stadium, with a capacity of 2000 spectators for badminton, volleyball, basketball and table tennis games is also being constructed.<ref name=indoor /> [[Barabati Stadium]] in Cuttack, Odisha's only venue for international cricket matches, is located around {{convert|25|km|mi}} away.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Jaiswal|first=Binita|title=Cuttack gripped by cricket fever|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/bhubaneswar/Cuttack-gripped-by-cricket-fever/articleshow/10927783.cms|access-date=4 January 2013|date=30 November 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130617005606/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2011-11-30/bhubaneswar/30458094_1_barabati-stadium-cricket-lovers-cricket-fever|archive-date=17 June 2013|newspaper=[[The Times of India]]|url-status=live}}</ref> Bhubaneswar has a franchise of Odisha Premier League, Bhubaneswar Jaguars, which started in 2010. [[Bhubaneswar Golf Club]], a nine-hole golf course is situated in Infocity.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Golf tourney kicks off|url=http://www.hindu.com/2007/12/02/stories/2007120257920200.htm|access-date=4 January 2013|date=2 November 2007|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081029010439/http://www.hindu.com/2007/12/02/stories/2007120257920200.htm|archive-date=29 October 2008|newspaper=[[The Hindu]]|url-status=dead}}</ref>
[[File:Kalinga Stadium Rock Climbing Centre.jpg|thumb|'''Kalinga Stadium Rock Climbing Centre''']]
The Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology Stadium commonly [[KIIT Stadium]] is a new multipurpose stadium located as a part of Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology University Campus or KIIT University in Bhubaneswar with a capacity of 40,000.

The [[2017 Asian Athletics Championships]] was the 22nd edition of the Asian Athletics Championships. It was held from 6–9 July 2017 at the [[Kalinga Stadium]]. Bhubaneswar is the third Indian city to host the Asian Athletics Championships, with Delhi being the first, in 1989, and Pune, the second, in 2013.<ref>{{Cite news|title=22nd Asian Athletics Championship 2017 Bhubaneswar – Event Previews|url=http://athleticsasia.org/index.php/k2-component/134-22nd-asian-athletics-championship-2017-bhubaneswar-event-previews|access-date=4 July 2017|newspaper=Asian Athletic Association|date=4 July 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170708195443/http://athleticsasia.org/index.php/k2-component/134-22nd-asian-athletics-championship-2017-bhubaneswar-event-previews|archive-date=8 July 2017|url-status=live}}</ref>

The FIH and the IOA president, Narindar Batra stated in a ceremony that Bhubaneswar is emerging as the new sports capital of India while unveiling the new logo for the Indian hockey team jersey, which is sponsored by the government of Odisha. The state, Batra mentioned, provides equal importance and opportunity for all sports such as cricket, football, field hockey, tennis, badminton, chess and many more.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://discoverbbsr.com/bhubaneswar-sports-capital-india/ |title=Bhubaneswar is the Sports Capital of India: Narinder Batra, IOA President |access-date=25 February 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180226211559/https://discoverbbsr.com/bhubaneswar-sports-capital-india/ |archive-date=26 February 2018 |url-status=live  }}</ref>

== Media ==
[[File:Doordarshan Kendra Bhubaneswar.jpg|thumb|'''Doordarshan Kendra Bhubaneswar''']]
The city's widely circulated Odia-language newspapers are ''[[Sambad]]'', ''[[Dharitri (newspaper)|Dharitri]]'', ''[[Pragativadi|Pragatibadi]]'', ''[[Samaja]]'', News 7, Argus, ''Khabara'', ''Orissa Bhaskara'', ''[[Prameya]]'' and ''[[Samaya]]''.<ref name=newspaper>{{Cite web|title=Areawise analysis for the period July/December 2007 to January&nbsp;– June 2010 |url=http://www.auditbureau.org/abctrends123.xls |publisher=Audit Bureau of Circulations |format=XLS |access-date=22 December 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120206062114/http://www.auditbureau.org/abctrends123.xls |archive-date=6 February 2012 }}</ref> ''Orissa Post'' and ''Odia Age'' are the English-language newspapers that is produced and published from Bhubaneswar. Other popular English-language newspapers published and sold in Bhubaneswar include ''[[The Times of India]]'', ''[[The Statesman (India)|The Statesman]]'', ''[[Hindustan Times]]'', ''[[The Hindu]]'', ''[[The Indian Express]]'' and the ''[[Asian Age]]''.<ref name=newspaper /> Bhubaneswar has substantial circulation of financial dailies, including ''[[The Economic Times]]'', ''[[The Financial Express (India)|The Financial Express]]'', ''[[Business Line]]'' and ''[[Business Standard]]''.<ref name="newspaper" /> Vernacular newspapers, such as those in the [[Hindi]], [[Bengali language|Bengali]] and [[Telugu language|Telugu]] languages are read by minorities.<ref name=newspaper /> Major periodicals based in Bhubaneswar include [[Saptahik Samaya|''Saptahika Samaya'']], ''Saptahika Samaja'' and ''[[Kadambini]]''.

[[All India Radio]], the national state-owned radio broadcaster, airs several [[AM broadcasting|AM]] channels from the radio station located in Cuttack.<ref name=air>{{Cite web|title=Cuttack Radio station |url=http://allindiaradio.gov.in/Station/CUTTACK/ |publisher=All India Radio |access-date=23 December 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130119095153/http://allindiaradio.gov.in/Station/CUTTACK/ |archive-date=19 January 2013 }}</ref> Bhubaneswar has [[List of FM radio stations in India|five local radio stations]] broadcasting on [[frequency modulation|FM]], including two from [[All India Radio|AIR]].<ref name=air /><ref>{{Cite web|title=List of operational private FM channels in India|url=http://www.mib.nic.in/writereaddata/html_en_files/fm/operationalised_fmchannels.pdf|publisher=Ministry of Information and Broadcasting, Government of India|access-date=23 December 2012|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121120105950/http://www.mib.nic.in/writereaddata/html_en_files/fm/operationalised_fmchannels.pdf|archive-date=20 November 2012}}</ref> India's state-owned television broadcaster [[DD Odia|Doordarshan Odia]] provides two free-to-air terrestrial channels,<ref>{{Cite web|title=Doordarshan|url=http://mib.nic.in/ShowContent.aspx?uid1=2&uid2=94&uid3=0&uid4=0&uid5=0&uid6=0&uid7=0|publisher=Ministry of Broadcasting, Government of India|access-date=24 January 2012|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120117071129/http://mib.nic.in/ShowContent.aspx?uid1=2&uid2=94&uid3=0&uid4=0&uid5=0&uid6=0&uid7=0|archive-date=17 January 2012}}</ref> while a mix of [[Odia language|Odia]], [[Hindi]], [[English language|English]] and other regional channels are accessible via [[Cable television|cable subscription]] and [[direct-broadcast satellite]] services. Some of the [[Odia language]] television channels are Sidarth TV, Manjari, Colors Odia, Sarthak TV and [[Tarang TV]]. [[List of Oriya-language television channels#News & Current affairs|Odia-language 24-hour television news channels]] include [[News 7]], Argus, [[Odisha TV]], [[Kanak TV]], ETV News Odia, MBC TV and Naxatra News.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Consolidated list of channels allowed to be carried by dable operators/ multi system operators/ DTH licensees in India|url=http://mib.nic.in/writereaddata/html_en_files/tvchannels/channellist.pdf|publisher=Ministry of Information & Broadcasting, Government of India|access-date=24 January 2012|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120905131430/http://mib.nic.in/writereaddata/html_en_files/tvchannels/channellist.pdf|archive-date=5 September 2012}}</ref>

== Notable people ==
{{unreferenced section|date=November 2023}}
The following are some of the notable people associated (i.e. either born or spent a significant part of their life) with Bhubaneswar:
<!-- ONLY ADD A PERSON TO THIS LIST IF THEY ALREADY HAVE A WIKIPEDIA ARTICLE-->
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{{div col|colwidth=20em}}
* [[Subroto Bagchi]]
* [[Ranjib Biswal]]
* [[Dutee Chand]]
* [[Nabakrushna Choudhury]]
* [[Ileana Citaristi]]
* [[Bidhu Bhusan Das]]
* [[Prabhat Nalini Das]]
* [[Pankaj Charan Das]]
* [[J. B. S. Haldane]]
* [[Baidyanath Misra]]
* [[B. K. Misra]]
* [[Bhubaneswar Mishra]]
* [[Bijay Mohanty]]
* [[Debashish Mohanty]]
* [[Gopinath Mohanty]]
* [[Saraju Mohanty]]
* [[Uttam Mohanty]]
* [[Bibhu Mohapatra]]
* [[Kelucharan Mohapatra]]
* [[Mira Nair]]
* [[Oopali Operajita]]
* [[Sanjukta Panigrahi]]
* [[Ramesh Chandra Parida]]
* [[Prasanna Kumar Patasani]]
* [[Biju Patnaik]]
* [[Janaki Ballabh Patnaik]]
* [[Naveen Patnaik]]
* [[Sudarsan Pattnaik]]
* [[Rakesh Pradhan]]
* [[Trilochan Pradhan]]
* [[Biswa Kalyan Rath]]
* [[Mahasweta Ray]]
* [[Tandra Ray]]
* [[Archita Sahu]]
* [[Salabega]]
* [[Achyuta Samanta]]
* [[Pathani Samanta]]
* [[Helen Spurway]]
{{Div col end}}
<!-- ONLY ADD A PERSON TO THIS LIST IF THEY ALREADY HAVE A WIKIPEDIA ARTICLE-->
<!-- PLEASE ADD NAMES ALPHABETICALLY BY LAST NAME-->

== Sister cities ==
* {{flagicon|USA}} [[Cupertino, California]], United States<ref>{{Cite news|last1=Matt|first1=Wilson|title=Cupertino adds Bhubaneswar, India, to its list of sister cities|url=http://www.mercurynews.com/cupertino/ci_18701061|work=[[San Jose Mercury News]]|date=17 August 2011|access-date=4 January 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160108051819/http://www.mercurynews.com/cupertino/ci_18701061|archive-date=8 January 2016|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|title=Cupertino, Bhubaneshwar to become Sister Cities|url=http://www.newindianexpress.com/states/odisha/article351586.ece|work=[[The New Indian Express]]|date=12 October 2011|access-date=4 January 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160108051819/http://www.newindianexpress.com/states/odisha/article351586.ece|archive-date=8 January 2016|url-status=dead}}</ref>
*{{Flagicon|South Africa}} [[Bloemfontein]], South Africa<ref>{{Cite web|date=2017-10-14|title=Odisha capital to be linked with South African city {{!}} Sambad English|url=https://sambadenglish.com/odisha-capital-to-be-linked-with-south-african-city/|access-date=2021-05-14|language=en-US}}</ref>

== See also ==
* [[Bhubaneswar ITIR]]
* [[Chari Kshetra]]
* [[Ghanteswara Siva Temple]]
* [[List of neighbourhoods in Bhubaneswar]]
* [[List of parks in Bhubaneswar]]
* [[List of temples in Bhubaneswar]]
* [[List of twin towns and sister cities in India]]
* [[Markandeshwar Siva Temple]]
* [[Nandankanan Zoological Park]]
* [[Sankarananda Matha]]
* [[Largest Indian cities by GDP]]
* [[Bhimesvara Bisrama ghara]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
{{Commons category|Bhubaneswar}}
{{Wikiquote}}
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* {{Wikivoyage inline|Bhubaneswar}}
* {{Citation|title=Official website of Bhubaneshwar Municipal Corporation|url=http://bmc.gov.in/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110719092623/http://bmc.gov.in/|archive-date=19 July 2011}} {{In lang|en}}
* {{Official website|http://bdabbsr.in/|name=Bhubaneshwar Development Authority}}
* [https://whc.unesco.org/en/tentativelists/5916/ Ekamra Kshetra – The Temple City, Bhubaneswar], UNESCO World Heritage Centre

{{Bhubaneswar topics}}
{{Odisha}}
{{State and Union Territory capitals of India}}
{{Khordha district}}
{{Industrial hubs in Odisha}}
{{Municipalities of Odisha}}

{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Bhubaneswar| ]]
[[Category:Smart cities in India]]
[[Category:Planned communities in India]]
[[Category:Cities and towns in Khordha district]]
[[Category:Populated places established in 1948]]