View source for Beta Taurids

{{Distinguish|Taurids}}
{{Infobox meteor shower
| name               = Beta Taurids
| date               = 1947<ref name="Kronk"/>
| parent             = [[2P/Encke]] ([[Taurids|Taurid Complex]])<br/>[[2004 TG10]]<ref name=Jenniskens>{{cite book|author1=Peter Jenniskens|authorlink1=Peter Jenniskens|author2=Petrus Matheus Marie Jenniskens|title=Meteor Showers and Their Parent Comets|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QpajMuyXG8AC&pg=PA470|year=2006|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-0-521-85349-1|page=470}}</ref>
<!-- Radiant -->
| constellation      = [[Taurus (constellation)|Taurus]]<br/>(near [[Zeta Tauri]])
<!-- Properties -->
| month              = {{Nowrap|June 5 – July 18}}<ref name="Kronk"/>
| peak               = June 28–29<ref name="IMO2015"/><ref name="Kronk"/>
| zhr                = 25 (radar)<ref name="Kronk"/>
| notes              = Daytime shower
}}

The '''Beta Taurids''' (β–Taurids) are an annual [[meteor shower]] belonging to a class of "daytime showers" that peak after sunrise. The Beta Taurids are best observed by radar and radio-echo techniques.

The Beta Taurids are normally active from June 5 to July 18.<ref name="Kronk"/> They emanate from an average [[Radiant (meteor shower)|radiant]] of [[right ascension]] 5h18m, [[declination]] +21.2 and exhibit maximum activity around June 28–29 (Solar Longitude=98.3 deg).{{efn|name=solar}} The [[Zenithal Hourly Rate|maximum hourly rate]] typically reaches about 25 as seen on radar.<ref name="Kronk"/> Non-radio observers are faced with a very difficult prospect, because the Beta Taurid radiant is just 10–15 degrees west of the Sun on June 28.<ref name="meteorobs1999"/>{{efn|name=range}}

These Beta Taurids are the same meteoroid stream as the [[Taurids]] (which form a meteor shower in late October). The Earth intersects this stream of debris twice, once in late October and once in late June, forming two separate meteor showers. However, because the October event occurs at night, it is far more visible and better known than the Beta Taurids, which peak during daylight hours.

Asteroids associated with the β–Taurids include [[2201 Oljato]], [[5143 Heracles]], [[6063 Jason]], {{mpl|(8201) 1994 AH|2}} and [[1991 BA]].<ref name=Babadzhanov2001/>

== Taurid swarm ==
2019 was predicted to be the closest post-perihelion encounter with Earth since 1975. The Taurid swarm was expected to pass {{convert|0.06|AU|abbr=on|lk=on}} below the [[ecliptic]] between June 23 – July 17.<ref name=TSC2019/>

During 2019 astronomers searched for hypothesized asteroids ~100 meters in diameter from the Taurid swarm between July 5–11, and July 21 – August 10.<ref name="Plait"/> There were no reports of discoveries of any such objects. There is circumstantial evidence that the daytime June 30 [[Tunguska event]] came from the same direction in the sky as the Beta Taurids.<ref name="Plait"/> The next June close approach to the Taurid swarm is expected in 2036.<ref name="Asher"/>

==Other daytime June showers==
During June two other more active daytime meteor showers are known. They are the [[Zeta Perseids]] which are also related to Taurid complex and the [[Arietids]] which are not related. Both of these showers radiate in roughly the same part of the sky as the Beta Taurids.

==See also==
* [[Tunguska event]]

== Notes ==
{{notelist|refs=

{{efn|name=solar|1=The sun has a [[solar longitude]] (λ⊙) of 90 degrees on June 21 ([[Summer solstice]]) and as there are 365 days/year moves roughly 1 degree/day. The meteor shower radiant of [[Right ascension|RA]]=79.4 degrees converts to 5h 18m as each hour is 15 degrees.}}

{{efn|name=range|1=The [[International Meteor Organization]]'s radiant of [https://www.imo.net/resources/calendar/meteor-shower-calendar-archive/english2015/#table7 86° +19°] will be 10° from the Sun on June 28. [[Gary W. Kronk|Kronk]]'s radiant of [https://web.archive.org/web/20071023040540/http://meteorshowersonline.com/showers/beta_taurids.html 79.4° +21.2°] will be 15° from the Sun on June 28.}}

}} <!-- end of notelist -->

== References ==
{{Reflist|refs=

<ref name="Kronk">{{cite web
  |title=Observing the Beta Taurids
  |publisher=Meteor Showers Online
  |author=Gary W. Kronk
  |author-link=Gary W. Kronk
  |url=http://meteorshowersonline.com/showers/beta_taurids.html
  |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071023040540/http://meteorshowersonline.com/showers/beta_taurids.html
  |archive-date=2007-10-23
  |url-status=dead
  |accessdate=2012-11-26}}</ref>

<ref name="IMO2015">{{cite web
  |title=IMO Meteor Shower Calendar 2015 (Working list of daytime radio meteor showers)
  |publisher=[[International Meteor Organization]]
  |url=https://www.imo.net/resources/calendar/meteor-shower-calendar-archive/english2015/#table7
  |accessdate=2019-06-16}}</ref>

<ref name="meteorobs1999">{{cite web
 |date        = 1999-06-18
 |title       = IMO-NEWS: 1999 Beta Taurids Alert - Possible Swarm Appearance
 |publisher   = Meteor Observing Mailing List (meteorobs)
 |url         = http://www.meteorobs.org/maillist/msg13477.html
 |accessdate  = 2012-11-26
 |url-status     = dead
 |archiveurl  = https://web.archive.org/web/20080612132836/http://www.meteorobs.org/maillist/msg13477.html
 |archivedate = 2008-06-12
}}</ref>

<ref name=Babadzhanov2001>{{cite journal
  |last1=Babadzhanov |first1=P. B.
  |title=Search for meteor showers associated with Near-Earth Asteroids
  |journal=[[Astronomy and Astrophysics]]
  |volume=373 |issue=1 |pages=329–335 |date=2001
  |doi=10.1051/0004-6361:20010583|bibcode = 2001A&A...373..329B |doi-access=free}}</ref>

<ref name=TSC2019>{{cite journal
  |last1=Clark |first1=David L.
  |last2=Weigert |first2=Paul
  |last3=Brown |first3=Peter G.
  |title=The 2019 Taurid resonant swarm: prospects for ground detection of small NEOs
  |journal=[[Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society]]
  |volume=487 |issue=1 |pages=L35–L39 |year=2019
  |doi=10.1093/mnrasl/slz076
  |doi-access=free
 |arxiv=1905.01260 }}</ref>

<ref name="Plait">{{cite web
  |title=Could larger space rocks be hiding in the Beta Taurid Meteor stream? We may find out this summer
  |publisher=Bad Astronomy
  |author=Phil Plait
  |author-link=Phil Plait
  |url=https://www.syfy.com/syfywire/could-larger-space-rocks-be-hiding-in-the-beta-taurid-meteor-stream-we-may-find-out-this
  |accessdate=2019-05-14}}</ref>

<ref name="Asher">{{cite web
  |title=Taurid swarm years
  |publisher=University of Cambridge
  |author=David J. Asher
  |author-link=David J. Asher
  |url=http://www.cantab.net/users/davidasher/taurid/swarmyears.html
  |accessdate=2019-06-16}}</ref>

}}

{{Meteor showers}}

[[Category:Meteor showers]]
[[Category:June]]
[[Category:July]]
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