View source for Benzocaine

{{Short description|Local anaesthetic drug}}
{{About|the drug|other uses|Americain (disambiguation)}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=November 2025}}
{{cs1 config |name-list-style=vanc |display-authors=6}}
{{Infobox drug
| image = Benzocaine.svg
| image_class = skin-invert-image
| width = 200
| alt = 
| image2 = Benzocaine-from-xtal-3D-balls.png
| image_class2 = bg-transparent
| width2 = 200
| alt2 = 

<!-- Clinical data -->
| pronounce = 
| tradename = Anbesol, Lanacane, Orajel, others
| Drugs.com = {{ubl
 | Benzocaine (Topical) {{Drugs.com|monograph|benzocaine-topical}}
 | Benzocaine (EENT) {{Drugs.com|monograph|benzocaine-eent}}
}}
| MedlinePlus = 
| DailyMedID = <!-- DailyMed may use generic or brand name (generic name preferred) -->
| pregnancy_AU = <!-- A / B1 / B2 / B3 / C / D / X -->
| pregnancy_AU_comment = 
| pregnancy_category = 
| routes_of_administration = [[Topical medication|Topical]], [[Oral administration|Oral]]
| class = 
| ATC_prefix = C05
| ATC_suffix = AD03
| ATC_supplemental = {{ATC|D04|AB04}}, {{ATCvet|N01|AX92}}, {{ATC|N01|BA05}}, {{ATC|R02|AD01}}

<!-- Legal status -->
| legal_AU = S4
| legal_AU_comment = /{{nbsp}}Schedule 2<ref>{{cite web |date=May 2025 |title=Therapeutic Goods (Poisons Standard— June 2025) Instrument 2025 |url=https://www.legislation.gov.au/F2025L00599/asmade/2025-05-28/text/original/pdf |access-date=August 31, 2025 |website=Therapeutic Goods Administration (TGA) |format=pdf}}</ref>
| legal_BR = <!-- OTC, A1, A2, A3, B1, B2, C1, C2, C3, C5, D1, D2, E, F1, F2, F3, F4 -->
| legal_BR_comment = 
| legal_CA = <!-- OTC, Rx-only, Schedule I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII -->
| legal_CA_comment = 
| legal_DE = <!-- Anlage I, II, III or Unscheduled -->
| legal_DE_comment = 
| legal_NZ = <!-- Class A, B, C -->
| legal_NZ_comment = 
| legal_UK = GSL, P
| legal_UK_comment = 
| legal_US = OTC
| legal_US_comment = 
| legal_EU = 
| legal_EU_comment = 
| legal_UN = <!-- N I, II, III, IV / P I, II, III, IV -->
| legal_UN_comment = 
| legal_status = <!-- For countries not listed above -->

<!-- Pharmacokinetic data -->
| bioavailability = 
| protein_bound = 
| metabolism = 
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| elimination_half-life = 
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<!-- Identifiers -->
| CAS_number = 94-09-7
| PubChem = 2337
| IUPHAR_ligand = 
| DrugBank = DB01086
| ChemSpiderID = 13854242
| UNII = U3RSY48JW5
| KEGG = D00552
| ChEBI = 116735
| ChEMBL = 278172
| NIAID_ChemDB = 
| PDB_ligand = 
| synonyms = 

<!-- Chemical and physical data -->
| IUPAC_name = Ethyl 4-aminobenzoate
| C=9 | H=11 | N=1 | O=2
| SMILES = O=C(OCC)c1ccc(N)cc1
| StdInChI = 1S/C9H11NO2/c1-2-12-9(11)7-3-5-8(10)6-4-7/h3-6H,2,10H2,1H3
| StdInChI_comment = 
| StdInChIKey = BLFLLBZGZJTVJG-UHFFFAOYSA-N
| density = 
| density_notes = 
| melting_point = 
| melting_high = 
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}}

'''Benzocaine''', sold under the brand name '''Orajel''' amongst others, is a [[local anesthetic]], belonging to the [[amino ester]] [[drug class]], commonly used as a [[topical]] [[analgesic|painkiller]] or in [[cough drop]]s. It is the [[active ingredient]] in many [[over-the-counter]] [[anesthetic]] [[ointment]]s such as products for [[oral ulcer]]s. It is combined with [[antipyrine]] to form [[Antipyrine and benzocaine ear drops|A/B ear drops]]. In the US, products containing benzocaine for oral application are contraindicated in children younger than two years old.<ref name="FDA2018">{{cite web |title=Safety Alerts for Human Medical Products - Oral Over-the-Counter Benzocaine Products: Drug Safety Communication - Risk of Serious and Potentially Fatal Blood Disorder |url=https://www.fda.gov/Safety/MedWatch/SafetyInformation/SafetyAlertsforHumanMedicalProducts/ucm608612.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180907192533/https://www.fda.gov/Safety/MedWatch/SafetyInformation/SafetyAlertsforHumanMedicalProducts/ucm608612.htm |archive-date=September 7, 2018 |access-date=May 26, 2018 |website=U.S. [[Food and Drug Administration]] (FDA)}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | title=Safety Information on Benzocaine-Containing Products | website=U.S. [[Food and Drug Administration]] (FDA) | date=June 25, 2018 | url=https://www.fda.gov/drugs/postmarket-drug-safety-information-patients-and-providers/safety-information-benzocaine-containing-products | access-date=December 1, 2025}}</ref>

<!-- Society and culture -->
It was first synthesised in 1890 in Germany and approved for medical use in 1902.<ref name="Fis2006">{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FjKfqkaKkAAC&pg=PA475 |title=Analogue-based Drug Discovery |vauthors=Fischer J, Ganellin CR |date=2006 |publisher=John Wiley & Sons |isbn=978-3-527-60749-5 |page=475 }}</ref>

==Medical uses==
Benzocaine is indicated to treat a variety of [[pain]]-related conditions. It may be used for:

* Local anesthesia of oral and pharyngeal mucous membranes (sore throat, cold sores, mouth ulcers, toothache, sore gums, denture irritation)<ref name="ReferenceA">AHFS Drug Information 2007. McEvoy GK, ed. Benzocaine. Bethesda, MD: American Society of Health-System Pharmacists; 2007: 2844-5.</ref>
* Otic pain (earache)<ref name="ReferenceA" />
* Surgical or procedural local anesthesia<ref>Sultan Healthcare. Topex metered spray (benzocaine 20%) prescribing information. Englewood, NJ; 2006.</ref>
* Relief of skin pain caused by [[sunburn]], [[ingrown toenail]]s, [[hemorrhoids]],<ref>[https://www.drugs.com/mtm/benzocaine-topical.html Benzocaine topical]</ref>

Examples of [[combination medication]]s of benzocaine include:

*[[Antipyrine and benzocaine ear drops|Antipyrine-benzocaine otic]] consists of [[antipyrine]] and benzocaine, and is used to relieve [[ear pain]] and remove [[earwax]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Antipyrine-Benzocaine Otic: MedlinePlus Drug Information |url=https://medlineplus.gov/druginfo/meds/a607073.html#:~:text=Antipyrine%20and%20benzocaine%20otic%20is,class%20of%20medications%20called%20analgesics. |access-date=March 28, 2023 |website=medlineplus.gov }}</ref>
*[[Cepacol]] consists of menthol and benzocaine, and is used to treat [[sore throat]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Cepacol Sore Throat (Benzocaine-Menthol) Mucous Membrane: Uses, Side Effects, Interactions, Pictures, Warnings & Dosing - WebMD |url=https://www.webmd.com/drugs/2/drug-164108/cepacol-sore-throat-benzocaine-menthol-mucous-membrane/details |access-date=March 28, 2023 |website=www.webmd.com }}</ref>
* A solution of benzocaine and [[menthol]] is marketed for the treatment of [[bee sting]]s, [[mosquito bite]]s, [[jellyfish sting]]s, and other insect bites<ref>[https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/drugInfo.cfm?setid=b8bd9280-f20a-4b2a-aef7-a0ba7b3b8701 STING-KILL - benzocaine and menthol solution]</ref>

===Other uses===
[[File:Jiffy Toothache Drops bottle.jpg|thumb|upright|right|Jiffy Toothache Drops bottle (7.75% Benzocaine)]]

Benzocaine is used as a key ingredient in numerous pharmaceuticals:

* Some glycerol-based ear medications for use in removing excess wax as well as relieving ear conditions such as ''[[otitis media]]'' and [[Otitis externa|swimmer's ear]].
* Some previous diet products such as [[Ayds]].
* Some [[condoms]] designed to prevent [[premature ejaculation]]. Benzocaine largely inhibits sensitivity on the [[penis]], and can allow for an [[erection]] to be maintained longer (in a continuous act) by delaying ejaculation. Conversely, an erection will also fade faster if stimulus is interrupted.<ref>{{cite news |date=June 17, 2002 |title='Longer-lasting' condom launched |url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/health/2049202.stm |work=BBC News}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |date=December 15, 2002 |title=Endurance Condoms |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2002/12/15/magazine/15ENDU.html |work=The New York Times |vauthors=Garner D}}</ref>
* Benzocaine mucoadhesive patches have been used in reducing orthodontic pain.<ref>{{cite journal |vauthors=Eslamian L, Borzabadi-Farahani A, Edini HZ, Badiee MR, Lynch E, Mortazavi A |date=September 2013 |title=The analgesic effect of benzocaine mucoadhesive patches on orthodontic pain caused by elastomeric separators, a preliminary study |journal=Acta Odontologica Scandinavica |volume=71 |issue=5 |pages=1168–1173 |doi=10.3109/00016357.2012.757358 |pmid=23301559 |s2cid=22561192 |doi-access=free}}</ref>
* In Poland it is included, together with menthol and zinc oxide, in the liquid powder (not to be confused with the liquid [[face powder]]) used mainly after mosquito bites. Today's ready-made Pudroderm<ref>{{cite web |title=Produkty {{!}} PUDRODERM |url=https://www.pampa.com.pl/page.php?cat=produkty&doc=pudroderm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161018103519/https://pampa.com.pl/page.php?cat=produkty&doc=pudroderm |archive-date=October 18, 2016 |access-date=May 9, 2014 |language=pl}}</ref> was once used there as [[compounding|pharmaceutical compound]].

===Available forms===
Benzocaine can come in a variety of preparations including:

Oral preparations:

* Lozenges (ex. [[Cepacol]], Mycinettes)<ref>{{cite web |title=Cepacol |url=https://www.cepacol.com/ |access-date=June 2, 2015 |publisher=Cepacol.com}}</ref>{{failed verification|date=September 2020}}
* Throat Spray (ex. Ultra Chloraseptic)<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ultra Chloraseptic Anaesthetic Throat Spray 0.71% - Summary of Product Characteristics (SmPC) - (eMC) |url=https://www.medicines.org.uk/emc/product/5708/smpc |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180505205738/https://www.medicines.org.uk/emc/product/5708/smpc |archive-date=May 5, 2018 |access-date=May 5, 2018 |website=www.medicines.org.uk}}</ref>

Topical preparations:
* Aerosol (ex. Topex)<ref>{{cite web |title=Topex Metered Spray-Sultan Healthcare |url=https://www.sultanhc.com/sw/swchannel/productcatalogcf_v2/internet/model.asp?ProductMasterID=285313&ParentID=215728&SWID=1 |access-date=June 2, 2015 |publisher=Sultanhc.com}}</ref>{{failed verification|date=September 2020}}
* Gel (ex. Orajel, Kank-A)<ref>{{cite web |date=May 11, 2015 |title=Orajel - Oral Care for the Whole Family |url=https://www.orajel.com/ |access-date=June 2, 2015 |publisher=Orajel.com}}</ref>{{failed verification|date=September 2020}} <ref>{{Cite web |title=Kank-A {{!}} Canker Sore Treatment & Pain Relief |url=https://kank-a.com/ |access-date=November 29, 2023 }}</ref>
* Paste (ex. Orabase)<ref>{{cite web |title=Colgate Orabase Paste with Benzocaine &#124; Indications &#124; Dental Products |url=https://www.colgateprofessional.com/products/colgate-orabase-paste-with-benzocaine/overview |access-date=June 2, 2015 |publisher=Colgateprofessional.com}}</ref>{{failed verification|date=September 2020}}
* Cream (ex. Lanacane - active ingredient 3% Benzocaine)
Otic preparations:
* Solution (ex. Allergen)

==Side effects==
Benzocaine is generally well tolerated and non-toxic when applied topically as recommended.<ref>Lexicomp Online, Adult and Pediatric Lexi-Drugs Online, Hudson, Ohio: Lexi-Comp, Inc.; 2013; April 15, 2013.</ref>

However, there have been reports of serious, life-threatening adverse effects (e.g., seizures, coma, irregular heart beat, respiratory depression) with over-application of topical products or when applying topical products that contain high concentrations of benzocaine to the skin.<ref name="fda.gov">{{cite web |date=May 23, 2018 |title=Risk of serious and potentially fatal blood disorder prompts FDA action on oral over-the-counter benzocaine products used for teething and mouth pain and prescription local anesthetics |url=https://www.fda.gov/drugs/drug-safety-and-availability/risk-serious-and-potentially-fatal-blood-disorder-prompts-fda-action-oral-over-counter-benzocaine |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250926052320/https://www.fda.gov/drugs/drug-safety-and-availability/risk-serious-and-potentially-fatal-blood-disorder-prompts-fda-action-oral-over-counter-benzocaine |archive-date=September 26, 2025 |access-date=November 30, 2025 |publisher=U.S. [[Food and Drug Administration]] (FDA)}}</ref>

The topical use of higher concentration (10–20%) benzocaine products applied to the mouth or mucous membranes has been found to be a cause of [[methemoglobinemia]], a disorder in which the amount of oxygen carried by the blood is greatly reduced.<ref>{{cite journal |vauthors=Shua-Haim JR, Gross JS |date=May 1995 |title=Methemoglobinemia toxicity from topical benzocaine spray |journal=Journal of the American Geriatrics Society |volume=43 |issue=5 |page=590 |doi=10.1111/j.1532-5415.1995.tb06117.x |pmid=7730550 |s2cid=19563675 |doi-access=free}}</ref>

Benzocaine may cause allergic reactions.<ref>{{cite web |title=Allergy to Benzocaine |url=https://www.bedfordhospital.nhs.uk/upload_folder/patient%20information/allergy%20to%20benzocaine.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140320095658/https://www.bedfordhospital.nhs.uk/upload_folder/patient%20information/allergy%20to%20benzocaine.pdf |archive-date=March 20, 2014 |access-date=March 20, 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |vauthors=Sidhu SK, Shaw S, Wilkinson JD |date=June 1999 |title=A 10-year retrospective study on benzocaine allergy in the United Kingdom |journal=American Journal of Contact Dermatitis |volume=10 |issue=2 |pages=57–61 |doi=10.1016/s1046-199x(99)90000-3 |pmid=10357712}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |vauthors=González-Rodríguez AJ, Gutiérrez-Paredes EM, Revert Fernández Á, Jordá-Cuevas E |date=March 2013 |title=Allergic contact dermatitis to benzocaine: the importance of concomitant positive patch test results |url=https://apps.elsevier.es/watermark/ctl_servlet?_f=10&pident_articulo=90193182&pident_usuario=0&pcontactid=&pident_revista=403&ty=87&accion=L&origen=cardio&web=https://www.revespcardiol.org&lan=en&fichero=403v104n02a90193182pdf001.pdf |journal=Actas Dermo-Sifiliograficas |volume=104 |issue=2 |pages=156–158 |doi=10.1016/j.ad.2011.07.023 |pmid=22551703 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303234050/https://apps.elsevier.es/watermark/ctl_servlet?_f=10&pident_articulo=90193182&pident_usuario=0&pcontactid=&pident_revista=403&ty=87&accion=L&origen=cardio&web=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.revespcardiol.org&lan=en&fichero=403v104n02a90193182pdf001.pdf |archive-date=March 3, 2016 |access-date=March 20, 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |date=February 5, 2008 |title=Go easy on medicated lotions, creams, gels |url=https://www.cnn.com/2008/HEALTH/02/05/healthmag.creams/index.html?iref=newssearch |access-date=March 20, 2014 |publisher=CNN |vauthors=Goldman L}}</ref> These include:
* [[Contact dermatitis]] (redness and itchiness)<ref name="ReferenceB">Cetylite Industries. Cetacaine (benzocaine 14%, tetracaine 2% and butamben 2%) spray, gel and liquid prescribing information. Pennsauken, NJ; 2006 Sept.</ref>
* [[Anaphylaxis]] (rare)<ref name="ReferenceB" />

==Chemistry==
Benzocaine is the [[ethyl group|ethyl]] [[ester]] of [[para-Aminobenzoic acid|''p''-aminobenzoic acid]] (PABA). It can be prepared from PABA and [[ethanol]]<ref>{{cite journal |vauthors=Demare P, Regla I |year=2012 |title=Synthesis of Two Local Anesthetics from Toluene: An Organic Multistep Synthesis in a Project-Oriented Laboratory Course |journal=Journal of Chemical Education |volume=89 |issue=1 |page=147 |bibcode=2012JChEd..89..147D |doi=10.1021/ed100838a}}</ref> by [[Fischer esterification]] or via the reduction of ethyl ''p''-nitrobenzoate. Benzocaine is sparingly soluble in water; it is more soluble in dilute acids and very soluble in ethanol, [[chloroform]], and [[ethyl ether]]. The [[melting point]] of benzocaine is 88–92&nbsp;°C,<ref name="pubchem">{{Cite web |title=Benzocaine |url=https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/2337#section=Melting-Point |access-date=March 27, 2023 |work=PubChem |publisher=U.S. National Library of Medicine }}</ref> and the [[boiling point]] is about 310&nbsp;°C.<ref>{{cite book |title=D'Ans-Lax, Taschenbuch für Chemiker und Physiker |date=1983 |publisher=Springer Verlag |isbn=3-540-12263-X |edition=4th |series=Organische Verbindungen |location=Berlin}}</ref> The [[density]] of benzocaine is 1.17&nbsp;g/cm<sup>3</sup>.

===Synthesis===
Benzocaine can be prepared by [[esterification]] using [[4-aminobenzoic acid]] and [[ethanol]].<ref>{{Cite journal |vauthors=Salkowski H |year=1895 |title=Ueber Esterbildung bei aromatischen Amidosäuren |url=https://zenodo.org/record/1425796 |journal=Berichte der Deutschen Chemischen Gesellschaft |volume=28 |issue=2 |pages=1917–1923 |doi=10.1002/cber.189502802150}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |vauthors=Erlenmeyer E, Wanklyn JA |year=1865 |title=Ueber das durch Einwirkung von Jodwasserstoff auf Mannit beziehungsweise auf Melampyrin (Dulcit) entstehende β Hexyljodür und einige seiner Derivate |url=https://zenodo.org/record/1427245 |journal=Annalen der Chemie und Pharmacie |volume=135 |issue=2 |pages=129–151 |doi=10.1002/jlac.18651350202}}</ref> It can also be prepared by reduction of ethyl 4-nitrobenzoate to the [[amine]].<ref>{{Cite journal |vauthors=Limpricht H |year=1898 |title=Ueber die Verbindungen aus Benzoylchlorid oder Phtalylchlorid und den Estern der drei Oxybenzoësäuren |url=https://zenodo.org/record/1427505 |journal=Justus Liebig's Annalen der Chemie |volume=303 |issue=3 |pages=274–289 |doi=10.1002/jlac.18983030303}}</ref><ref>{{OrgSynth | vauthors = Adams R, Cohen FL |year=1928 |title=Ethyl ''p''-aminobenzoate |volume=8 |pages=66 |collvol=1 |collvolpages=240 |prep=CV1P0240}}</ref> In industrial practice, the reducing agent is usually iron and water in the presence of a little acid.<ref>{{Cite book |title=Benzocaine |vauthors=Ali SL |publisher=Academic Press |year=1983 |isbn=978-0-12-260812-4 |series=Analytical Profiles of Drug Substances |volume=12 |pages=73–104 |doi=10.1016/S0099-5428(08)60164-1}}</ref>

==History==
Benzocaine was first synthesized in 1890 by the German chemist Eduard Ritsert (1859–1946),<ref>Biography of Eduard Ritsert (in German): [https://www.deutsche-biographie.de/sfz106040.html ''Deutsche Biographie'': Ritsert, ''Eduard''.]</ref> in the town of [[Eberbach (Baden)|Eberbach]]<ref>{{cite web |title=100 years of Dr. Ritsert |url=http://www.ritsert.de/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&lang=en&id=13&Itemid=27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170909185714/http://www.ritsert.de/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&lang=en&id=13&Itemid=27 |archive-date=September 9, 2017 |access-date=March 14, 2010 |publisher=Dr. Ritsert Pharma}}</ref> and introduced to the market in 1902 under the name "Anästhesin".<ref>{{cite book |title=Lehrbuch der pharmazeutischen Chemie |vauthors=Auterhoff H |date=1968 |publisher=Wissenschaftliche Verlagsgesellschaft |location=Stuttgart, Germany}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |vauthors=Ritsert E |date=1925 |title=Über den Werdegang des Anästhesins |trans-title=On the development of Anaesthetics |journal=Pharmazeutische Zeitung |language=German |volume=60 |pages=1006–1008}} See also: {{cite journal | vauthors = Friedrich C, Klimonow M | url = https://www.pharmazeutische-zeitung.de/index.php?id=31537 | title = 150. Geburtstag: Eduard Ritsert und das Anaesthesin | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20140320125425/https://www.pharmazeutische-zeitung.de/index.php?id=31537 | archive-date = March 20, 2014 | trans-title = 150th birthday: Eduard Ritsert and Anästhetsin [Benzocaine] | language = German | journal = Pharmazeutische Zeitung Online | date = December 2014 }} First published clinical study demonstrating the efficacy of benzocaine: {{cite journal | vauthors = von Noorden C | date = 1902 | title = Ueber para-Aminobenzoesäure-Ester als locales Anästhetikum | trans-title = On [an] ester of para-aminobenzoic acid as a local anaesthetic | language = German | journal = Klinische Wochenschrift | volume = 39 | pages = 373–375 }}</ref>

== Society and culture ==
Benzocaine is found, particularly in Britain, as an additive in street [[cocaine]] and also as a bulking agent in "legal highs".<ref>{{cite news |date=August 9, 2010 |title=Drug war targets cutting agents |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-10909884 |work=BBC News}}</ref> Benzocaine gives a numbing effect similar to cocaine and as a bulking and binding agent it can not be detected once mixed. It is the most popular cutting agent worldwide.<ref>{{cite news |date=August 11, 2012 |title=Drug prices: All cut up: Cocaine is cheaper, but weaker |url=https://www.economist.com/britain/2012/08/11/all-cut-up |newspaper=[[The Economist]]}}</ref>

==Veterinary uses==
Bath solutions of benzocaine and its derivatives are commonly used to anesthetize [[amphibians]] for surgery.<ref>{{cite journal |vauthors=Guénette SA, Giroux MC, Vachon P |date=2013 |title=Pain perception and anaesthesia in research frogs |journal=Experimental Animals |volume=62 |issue=2 |pages=87–92 |doi=10.1538/expanim.62.87 |pmid=23615302 |doi-access=free}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |date=November 8, 2010 |title=Amphibian Anesthesia — Research at Penn State |url=https://www.research.psu.edu/arp/anesthesia/amphibian-anesthesia.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181103081918/https://www.research.psu.edu/arp/anesthesia/amphibian-anesthesia.html |archive-date=November 3, 2018 |access-date=August 24, 2017 |website=PennState Animal Resource Program |publisher=The Pennsylvania State University |location=State College, U.S.}}</ref> Benzocaine-based anesthetics are potent and highly effective for both anesthesia and euthanasia in amphibians.<ref>{{cite journal |vauthors=Barros AL, Lima AP, Fachin-Espinar MT, Nunez CV |date=2020 |title=Evaluation of benzocaine-based anesthetic gel in anuran skins extracts: A case study using the frog Lithodytes lineatus (Anura: Leptodactylidae) |journal=PLOS ONE |volume=15 |issue=12 |bibcode=2020PLoSO..1543654B |doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0243654 |pmc=7723253 |pmid=33290419 |doi-access=free |article-number=e0243654}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{Local anesthetics}}
{{Throat preparations}}
{{Vasoprotectives}}
{{Antipruritics}}
{{Ion channel modulators}}
{{Portal bar | Medicine}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:4-Aminophenyl compounds]]
[[Category:Ethyl esters]]
[[Category:Local anesthetics]]
[[Category:Sodium channel blockers]]
[[Category:Drugs developed by Wyeth]]
[[Category:Over-the-counter drugs in the United States]]