View source for Beijing Subway

{{short description|Rapid transit system in Beijing, China}}
{{for|the commuter rail service in Beijing|Beijing Suburban Railway}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=August 2024}}
{{Infobox public transit
| name = Beijing Subway
| image = Beijing Subway simplified logo.svg
| imagesize = 80px
| alt = 
| image2 = H403 entering Wudaokou (20240207102913).jpg
| imagesize2 = 275px
| caption2 = A [[Line 13 (Beijing Subway)|line 13]] train at [[Wudao Kou station]]
| owner = Beijing Municipal Government
| area served = 
| locale = [[Beijing]] & [[Langfang]], [[Hebei]]
| transit_type = [[Rapid transit]]
| lines = 30
| line_number = 
| start = 
| end = 
| stations = 524<ref name="Xinhua2024">{{cite news |title=3条地铁新线开通 北京城市轨道交通运营总里程居全国首位 |url=http://www.news.cn/20241215/d0552292ad414fa1b84473a811268d8b/c.html |agency=Xinhua |date=15 December 2024}}</ref>
| weekly_ridership =
| annual_ridership = 3.45 billion (2023)<ref name="去年地铁日均客运量946.23万人次">{{cite news |title=去年地铁日均客运量946.23万人次|url=http://www.bj.xinhua.org/20240515/ae0b5fdd3df54c16a8603a1d054f9321/c.html|date=15 May 2024}}</ref>
| chief_executive = 
| website = {{URL|https://www.bjsubway.com|bjsubway.com}}<br />{{URL|https://www.mtr.bj.cn/en/|mtr.bj.cn/en}}<br />{{URL|https://www.bjmoa.cn|bjmoa.cn}}
| began_operation = {{Start date and age|1971|01|15}}
| ended_operation = 
| operator = {{plainlist|
* [[Beijing Mass Transit Railway Operation Corporation Limited|Beijing Mass Transit Railway Operation Corp., Ltd.]] 
* [[Beijing MTR Corporation Limited|Beijing MTR Corp., Ltd.]]
* {{ill|Beijing Metro Operation Administration (BJMOA) Corp., Ltd.|zh|北京市轨道交通运营管理有限公司}}
* Beijing Public Transit Tramway Co., Ltd.
* {{ill|Beijing Capital Metro Corp., Ltd.|zh|京城地铁}}
}}
| character = Underground, at grade and elevated
| vehicles = 6,173 Revenue Railcars (2019)<ref>{{cite web | url=http://tjj.beijing.gov.cn/zxfbu/202003/t20200302_1673397.html | title=北京市2019年国民经济和社会发展统计公报 }}</ref>
| system_length = {{convert|909|km|mi||abbr=on}}<ref name="Xinhua2024"/>
| track_gauge = {{track gauge|sg|allk=on}}
| el = {{plainlist|
* {{1,500 V DC}} from [[overhead line|overhead catenary]] (lines 3, 6, 11, 12, 14, 16, 17 and 19) or from [[third rail]] (line 7)
* {{25 kV 50 Hz}} from overhead catenary ([[Daxing Airport Express]])
* 750 V DC from overhead catenary ([[Xijiao line]]) or from third rail (other lines)
}}
| map = [[File:Beijing Subway System Map.svg|300px]]
| map_state = 
| ridership = 9.46 million (2023 daily avg.)<ref name="去年地铁日均客运量946.23万人次">{{cite news |title=去年地铁日均客运量946.23万人次|url=http://www.bj.xinhua.org/20240515/ae0b5fdd3df54c16a8603a1d054f9321/c.html|date=15 May 2024}}</ref><br />13.75&nbsp;million (July 12, 2019, record)<ref name=bjnews12July2019 />
| reporting marks = 
}}
{{Infobox Chinese
| title = Beijing Subway
| s = 北京地铁
| t = 北京地鐵
| p = Běijīng Dìtiě
| order = st
| j = bak1 ging1 dei6 tit3
| mi = {{IPAc-cmn|b|ei|3|.|j|ing|1|.|d|i|4|.|t|ie|3}}
| ci = {{IPAc-yue|b|ak|1|.|g|ing|1|.|d|ei|6|.|t|it|3}}
| y = Bākgīng Deihtit
| w = Pei<sup>3</sup>-ching<sup>1</sup> Ti<sup>4</sup>-t‘ieh<sup>3</sup>
| bpmf = ㄅㄟˇ ㄐㄧㄥ ㄉㄧˋ ㄊㄧㄝˇ
| phfs = Pet-kîn Thi-thiet
| poj = Pak-kiaⁿ Tē-thih
| buc = Báe̤k-gĭng Dê-tiék
| teo = bag<sup>4</sup> gian<sup>1</sup> di<sup>7</sup> tih<sup>4</sup>
}}

The '''Beijing Subway''' is the [[rapid transit]] system of [[Beijing]] [[Direct-controlled municipality|Municipality]] that consists of 30 lines including 25 [[rapid transit]] lines, two [[airport rail link]]s, one [[maglev]] line and two [[light rail|light rail tram]] lines, and [[List of Beijing Subway stations|524 stations]].<ref name="Xinhua2024"/> The rail network extends {{convert|909|km|mi||abbr=on}}<ref name="Xinhua2024"/> across [[List of administrative divisions of Beijing|12 urban and suburban districts of Beijing]] and into [[Guangyang District|one district]] of [[Langfang]] in neighboring [[Hebei]] province. In December 2023, Beijing Subway became the [[List of metro systems|world's longest metro system by route length]], surpassing the [[Shanghai Metro]]. With 3.8484 billion trips delivered in 2018 (10.544 million trips per day<ref name=bjstats2018>{{cite web|url=http://www.camet.org.cn/index.php?m=content&c=index&a=show&catid=18&id=16219|title=2018年统计报告|access-date=April 9, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200404051018/http://www.camet.org.cn/index.php?m=content&c=index&a=show&catid=18&id=16219|archive-date=April 4, 2020|url-status=dead}}</ref>) and single-day ridership record of 13.7538&nbsp;million set on July 12, 2019,<ref name=bjnews12July2019>{{cite web|url=http://www.bjnews.com.cn/news/2019/07/13/602957.html|title=北京轨道交通全路网日客运量再创新高 超1375万人次|date=July 13, 2019}}</ref> the Beijing Subway was the [[Metro systems by annual passenger rides|world's busiest metro system]] in the years immediately prior to the outbreak of the [[COVID-19 pandemic]].

The Beijing Subway opened in 1971 and is the oldest metro system in [[China]] and on the mainland of [[East Asia]]. Before the system began its rapid expansion in 2002, the subway had only two lines. The existing network still cannot adequately meet the city's [[mass transit]] needs. Beijing Subway's extensive expansion plans call for {{convert|998.5|km|abbr=on}}<ref name="auto">{{Cite web|url=http://bjrb.bjd.com.cn/html/2015-09/29/content_315377.htm|script-title=zh:未来五年再建12条地铁|date=September 29, 2015|access-date=October 2, 2015|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160312033300/http://bjrb.bjd.com.cn/html/2015-09/29/content_315377.htm|archive-date=March 12, 2016}}</ref> of lines serving a projected 18.5 million trips every day when Phase 2 Construction Plan finished (around 2025).<ref name="fullbore">{{Cite web|url=http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/china/2017-01/12/content_27931764.htm|title=Beijing's subway is going full bore - China - Chinadaily.com.cn |author=Li Song (李松) |website=www.chinadaily.com.cn|access-date=January 19, 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |language=zh-hans |url=http://www.chinanews.com.cn/auto/2010/12-30/2758163.shtml |script-title=zh:北京2020年轨道交通线路预计将达1000公里左右 |website=www.chinanews.com.cn |date=December 30, 2010}}</ref><ref name="worries">{{cite news|url=http://usa.chinadaily.com.cn/business/2012-07/31/content_15634587_2.htm|title=Experts fear subway costs could go off the rails|last=Xin|first=Dingding|date=July 31, 2012|newspaper=China Daily}}</ref> The most recent expansion came into effect on December 27, 2025, with the opening of [[Line 18 (Beijing Subway)|Line 18]] and extensions of [[Line 6 (Beijing Subway)|Line 6]] and [[Line 17 (Beijing Subway)|Line 17]].

==Fares==
===Fare schedules===
'''Single-ride fare'''<br/>
The Beijing Subway charges single-ride fare according to trip distance for all lines except the two airport express lines.

* For all lines except the two airport express lines, fares start at ¥3 for a trip up to 6&nbsp;km in distance, with ¥1 added for the next 6&nbsp;km, for every 10&nbsp;km thereafter until the trip distance reaches 32&nbsp;km, and for every 20&nbsp;km beyond the first 32&nbsp;km.<ref name="CRI new fares"/> A 40&nbsp;km trip would cost ¥7.
* The [[Capital Airport Express]] has a fixed fare of ¥25 per ride.<ref name="Fare Look-Up">{{cite web|date=December 10, 2014|script-title=zh:北京地铁票价今起可上网查询 客户端15日起可查|url=http://news.xinhuanet.com/fortune/2014-12/10/c_127290849.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141229155735/http://news.xinhuanet.com/fortune/2014-12/10/c_127290849.htm|url-status=dead|archive-date=December 29, 2014|publisher=[[Xinhua News]]|language=zh-hans}}</ref> 
* The [[Daxing Airport Express]] is the only line to maintain class-based fares with ordinary class fare varying with distance from ¥10 to ¥35 and business class fare fixed at ¥50 per ride.<ref name="北京大兴国际机场线票价方案正式启用 最低10元"/>

Same-station transfers are free on all subway lines except the two Airport Express lines, the [[Xijiao Line]] and the [[Line T1 (Beijing Yizhuang Tram)|Yizhuang T1 Line]], which require the purchase of a new fare when transferring to or from those lines.

'''Fare free riders'''<br/>
Children below {{convert|1.3|m|in}} in height ride for free when accompanied by a paying adult.<ref>{{cite web |language=zh-hans |url=http://finance.people.com.cn/n/2014/1217/c1004-26220689.html |author=Lin Ye (林野) |script-title=zh:北京地铁各站公布最新里程票价儿童免票身高提高 |publisher=[[:zh:新京报|The Beijing News]] |date=December 17, 2014}}</ref> Senior citizens over the age of 65, individuals with physical disabilities, retired revolutionary cadres, police and army veterans who had been wounded in action, military personnel and [[People's Armed Police]] can ride the subway for free.<ref name="fare20141228">{{cite web |language=zh-hans |url=http://news.hexun.com/2014-12-28/171844912.html |script-title=zh:北京地铁告别 '两元时代' 车票设四小时时限 |trans-title=Beijing Subway says farewell to the "2 yuan era"; tickets now set to a four-hour limit |date=December 28, 2014}}</ref>

'''Unlimited-rides fare'''<br/>
Since January 20, 2019, riders can purchase unlimited rides fare tickets using the Yitongxing (亿通行; {{Lit|One Hundred Million Rides}}) app on smartphones, which generates a QR code with effective periods of one to seven days.
<div style=display:inline-table>
{|class="wikitable sortable floatleft" style="cell-padding:1.5; font-size:96%; text-align:center;"
|+Distance-based single-ride fare schedule
|-
!Fare
!Trip distance
|-
|¥3
|<6&nbsp;km
|-
|¥4
|6–12&nbsp;km
|-
|¥5
|12–22&nbsp;km
|-
|¥6
|22–32&nbsp;km
|-
|¥7
|32–52&nbsp;km
|-
|¥8
|52–72&nbsp;km
|-
|¥9
|72–92&nbsp;km
|-
|¥10
|92–112&nbsp;km
|}
</div>
<div style=display:inline-table>
{|class="wikitable sortable floatleft" style="cell-padding:1.5; font-size:96%; text-align:center;"
|+Unlimited-rides fare schedule
|-
!Period
!Price
|-
|1 day
|¥20
|-
|2 days
|¥30
|-
|3 days
|¥40
|-
|5 days
|¥70
|-
|7 days
|¥90
|}
</div>

'''Previous fare schedules'''<br/>
On December 28, 2014, the Beijing Subway switched from a fixed-fare schedule to the current distance-based fare schedule for all lines except the [[Capital Airport Express]].<ref name="CRI new fares">[https://archive.today/20141130061428/http://english.cri.cn/12394/2014/11/27/3781s854098.htm Beijing to Increase Public Transportation Fare Prices Next, CRI] November 27, 2014</ref><ref name="北京大兴国际机场线票价方案正式启用 最低10元">{{cite web|url=http://www.xinhuanet.com/fortune/2019-09/15/c_1124998138.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191011110932/http://www.xinhuanet.com/fortune/2019-09/15/c_1124998138.htm|url-status=dead|archive-date=October 11, 2019|title=北京大兴国际机场线票价方案正式启用 最低10元|date=September 15, 2019}}</ref> Prior to the December 28, 2014, fare increase, passengers paid a flat rate of [[Renminbi|RMB(¥)]] 2.00 (including unlimited fare-free transfers) for all lines except the [[Capital Airport Express]], which cost ¥25,<ref>[http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/china/2008-07/08/content_6828706.htm "Beijing airport express rail on trial run," ''China Daily''] July 15, 2008</ref> The flat fare was the lowest among [[Rapid transit in China|metro systems in China]].<ref name="fare-comparison">{{cite web |language=zh-hans |url=http://www.zj.xinhuanet.com/newscenter/2012-07/20/c_112487081.htm |script-title=zh:杭州地铁拟定票价 "贵"为全国前三 市民喊吃不消 |publisher=[[Qianjiang Evening News]] |website=Xinhuanet Zhejiang |date=July 20, 2012 |access-date=May 1, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120723140823/http://www.zj.xinhuanet.com/newscenter/2012-07/20/c_112487081.htm |archive-date=July 23, 2012 |url-status=dead  }}</ref> Before the flat fare schedule was introduced on October 7, 2007, fares ranged from ¥3 to ¥7, depending on the line and number of transfers.

===Fare collection===
Each station has two to fifteen ticket vending machines.<ref>[http://www.cityweekend.com.cn/beijing/articles/blogs-beijing/beijingologist/the-official-beijingology-subway-afc-cheat-sheet-part-21 CityWeekend: The Official Beijingology Subway AFC Cheat Sheet (Part 3)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081206124709/http://www.cityweekend.com.cn/beijing/articles/blogs-beijing/beijingologist/the-official-beijingology-subway-afc-cheat-sheet-part-21/|date=December 6, 2008}}/</ref> Ticket vending machines on all lines can add credit to ''[[Yikatong]]'' cards.<ref>The AFC machines are supplied by the following companies: Thales (Lines 1, 2 and Batong), Samsung SDS (Lines 4, 8 and 10), Founder, OMRON (Line 5), Nippon Signal (Lines 13 & Airport Express)</ref> Single-ride tickets take the form of an RFID-enabled flexible plastic card.
{|class="wikitable sortable floatright" style="cell-padding:1.5; font-size:96%; text-align:center;"
|-
! class="unsortable" colspan="3" style="width:300px; line-height:1.05"|Discounts for ''Yikatong'' card users
|-
|Monthly<br />expenditure
|Net expenditure<br /> after credit rebate
|Net discount<br />
|-
|¥50
|¥50
|0%
|-
|¥100
|¥100
|0%
|-
|¥150
|¥140
|6.67%
|-
|¥200
|¥165
|17.5%
|-
|¥250
|¥190
|24%
|-
|¥300
|¥215
|28.3%
|-
|¥350
|¥240
|31.4%
|-
|¥400
|¥265
|33.75%
|-
|¥450
|¥315
|30%
|-
|¥500
|¥365
|27%
|}

Passengers must insert the ticket or scan the card at the gate both before entering and exiting the station. The subway's fare collection gates accept single-ride tickets and the ''[[Yikatong]]'' fare card. Passengers can purchase tickets and add credit to ''Yikatong'' card at ticket counters or vending machines in every station. The ''Yikatong'', also known as Beijing Municipal Administration & Communication Card (BMAC), is an [[integrated circuit card]] that stores credit for the subway, [[Beijing Bus|urban and suburban buses]] and e-money for other purchases.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mtr.bj.cn/En/services/tickets.htm|title=Beijing MTR website|publisher=Mtr.bj.cn|access-date=January 5, 2011|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100911095400/http://www.mtr.bj.cn/En/services/tickets.htm|archive-date=September 11, 2010}}</ref> The ''Yikatong'' card itself must be purchased at the ticket counter. To enter a station, the ''Yikatong'' card must have a minimum balance of ¥3.00.<ref>{{cite web |language=zh-hans |url=http://finance.chinanews.com/life/2014/12-20/6895610.shtml |script-title=zh:北京28日起公交上下车均刷卡 余额不足3元禁坐地铁 |date=December 20, 2014 |access-date=December 29, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141229095915/http://finance.chinanews.com/life/2014/12-20/6895610.shtml |archive-date=December 29, 2014 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Upon exiting the system, single-ride tickets are inserted into the turnstile, which are reused by the system.

To prevent fraud, passengers are required to complete their journeys within four hours upon entering the subway.<ref name=fare20141228/> If the four-hour limit is exceeded, a surcharge of ¥3 is imposed.<ref>{{cite web |language=zh-hans |url=http://www.chinanews.com/sh/2014/12-04/6843702.shtml |script-title=zh:北京地铁票首设4小时时限 中途换卡将遭10倍罚款 |date=December 4, 2014}}</ref> Each ''Yikatong'' card is allowed to be overdrawn once.  The overdrawn amount is deducted when credits are added to the card.<ref>{{cite web |language=zh-hans |url=http://www.bj.xinhuanet.com/bjyw/2014-12/29/c_1113804622.htm |script-title=zh:北京地铁调价后"大考" 公交增车超"APEC标准 |date=December 29, 2014 |access-date=December 29, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141229104540/http://www.bj.xinhuanet.com/bjyw/2014-12/29/c_1113804622.htm |archive-date=December 29, 2014 |url-status=dead  }}</ref>

''Yikatong'' card users who spend more than ¥100 on subway fare in a calendar month will receive credits to their card the following month.<ref name="CRI new fares"/> After reaching ¥100 of spending in one calendar month, 20% of any further spending up to ¥150 will be credited. When spending exceeds ¥150, 50% of any further spending up to ¥250 will be credited.<ref name="CRI new fares"/> Once expenditures exceed ¥400, further spending won't earn any more credits.<ref name="CRI new fares"/> The credits are designed to ease commuters' burdens of fare increases.<ref name="CRI new fares"/>

Beginning in June 2017, single-journey tickets could be purchased via a phone app.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Dong |first1=Liu |title=Beijing subway jumps on board mobile payment system |url=http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/china/2017-06/26/content_29891050.htm |website=[[China Daily]] |access-date=May 31, 2018}}</ref> A May 2018 upgrade allowed entrance via scanning a QR code from the same app.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Liu |first1=Charles |title=Pay Beijing Metro Fares With Mobile Phone QR Codes Beginning in May |url=https://www.thebeijinger.com/blog/2018/03/27/pay-beijing-metro-fares-phone-qr-codes-beginning-may |website=[[The Beijinger]] |date=March 27, 2018 |access-date=May 31, 2018}}</ref>

As of January 2025, passengers may directly tap the contactless payment card (including international credit cards) to ride the subway.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Beijing Subway Supports Tap-and-Go with 5 Most Used Overseas Cards |url=https://english.beijing.gov.cn/latest/news/202506/t20250616_4114250.html?v=jt |access-date=2025-08-30 |website=english.beijing.gov.cn}}</ref>
{{Gallery
| title  = 
| footer =
| width  = 200
| height = 160
| lines  = 
| align= center
|File:Beijing subway ticket 2009 IMG 2837 r.JPG|The old single journey ticket
|File:Single journey ticket of Beijing Subway.jpg|A single journey ticket of Beijing Subway
|File:'Tap and Go' for Beijing Subway.jpg|Passengers may directly tap the [[contactless payment]] card or payment-enabled device to take the subway
}}

==Lines in operation==
Beijing Subway lines generally follow the checkerboard layout of the city. Most lines through the urban core (outlined by the Line 10 loop) run parallel or perpendicular to each other and intersect at right angles.
[[File:Beijing-Subway en.svg|thumb|center|[[Schematic]] map of Beijing Subway lines in operation. (Not to scale)|800px]]
{|class="wikitable sortable" style="cell-padding:1.5;font-size:96%;text-align:center;"
|-
!data-sort-type="text"style="width:110px;"|Line Name
!data-sort-type="text"style="width:110px;"|Code
!class="unsortable" colspan="2" style="width:300px; line-height:1.05"|Terminals<br /><small>([[List of administrative divisions of Beijing|District]])</small>
!Opened<br /><ref name=autogenerated1>''See'' "History" section of this article.</ref>
!Newest<br />Ext.
!style="line-height:1.05"|Length<br /><small>km</small>
!data-sort-type=number style="line-height:1.05"|[[List of Beijing Subway stations|Stations]]<br /><small>(# above ground)</small>
!Operator
|-style="text-align:center"
|<span style="display:none">01</span>{{rint|beijing|1}}&nbsp;&&nbsp;{{rint|beijing|batong}}{{efn|name=Batong|Through operation of Line 1 and Batong line  started on August 29, 2021.<ref name=bjd20210825 />}}
|M1
|style="line-height:1.05"|'''{{stl|BJS|Gucheng}}'''<small><br />([[Shijingshan District|Shijingshan]])</small>
|style="line-height:1.05"|'''{{stl|BJS|Universal Resort}}'''<small><br />([[Tongzhou District, Beijing|Tongzhou]])</small>
|1971{{efn|name=f|The construnction finished in 1969 but was not open to public until 1971}}
|2021
|50.9
|36 (13){{efn|name=unopen}}
|[[File:Beijing Subway simplified logo.svg|center|frameless|30x30px]]
|-style="text-align:center"
|style="line-height:1.05"|<span style="display:none">02</span>{{rint|beijing|2}}<br /><small>loop line</small>
|M2
|style="line-height:1.05"|'''{{stl|BJS|Xizhimen}}'''<small><br />([[Xicheng District|Xicheng]])</small>
|style="line-height:1.05"|'''{{stl|BJS|Jishuitan}}'''<small><br />([[Xicheng District|Xicheng]])</small>
|1984
|1987
|23.1
|18
|[[File:Beijing Subway simplified logo.svg|center|frameless|30x30px]]
|-style="text-align:center"
|style="line-height:1.05"|<span style="display:none">03</span>{{rint|beijing|3}}<br />
|M3
|style="line-height:1.05"|'''{{stl|BJS|Dongsi Shitiao}}'''<small><br />([[Dongcheng, Beijing|Dongcheng]])</small>
|style="line-height:1.05"|'''{{stl|BJS|Dongbabei}}'''<small><br />([[Chaoyang, Beijing|Chaoyang]])</small>
|2024
|—
|14.7<ref name=M3M12 />
|10
|[[File:Beijing Subway simplified logo.svg|center|frameless|30x30px]]
|-style="text-align:center"
|<span style="display:none">04</span>{{rint|beijing|4}}&nbsp;&&nbsp;{{rint|beijing|daxing}}{{efn|name=d|With the opening of the Daxing Line on December&nbsp;30, 2010 the Beijing MTR Corporation operates service on Lines 4 and Daxing as follows:<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mtr.bj.cn/news/detail314.htm|script-title=zh:北京京港地铁有限公司|publisher=Mtr.bj.cn |date=December 29, 2010|access-date=January 5, 2011 |url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110101112938/http://www.mtr.bj.cn/news/detail314.htm |archive-date=January 1, 2011 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mtr.bj.cn/en/news/detail41.htm |title=Beijing MTR Corporation Limited |publisher=Mtr.bj.cn |date=September 27, 2010 |access-date=January 5, 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111009021952/http://www.mtr.bj.cn/en/news/detail41.htm |archive-date=October 9, 2011 }}</ref><br />** A service that covers both lines, from {{stl|BJS|Anheqiao North}}, the northern terminus of Line 4, to {{stl|BJS|Tian'gongyuan}}, the southern terminus of the Daxing Line.<br />** A service that covers Line 4 plus one stop on the Daxing Line, from {{stl|BJS|Anheqiao North}} to {{stl|BJS|Xin'gong}}, the northernmost stop on the Daxing Line. Travelers wishing to proceed further south on the Daxing Line have to switch to a south-bound full-route train.}}
|M4
|style="line-height:1.05"|'''{{stl|BJS|Anheqiaobei}}'''<small><br />([[Haidian District|Haidian]])</small>
|style="line-height:1.05"|'''{{stl|BJS|Tiangong Yuan}}'''<small><br />([[Daxing District|Daxing]])</small>
|2009
|2010{{efn|name=d|}}
|49.4
|35 (2)
|[[File:BeijingMTRicon.svg|center|frameless|30x30px]]
|-style="text-align:center"
|<span style="display:none">05</span>{{rint|beijing|5}}
|M5
|style="line-height:1.05"|'''{{stl|BJS|Tiantongyuanbei}}'''<small><br />([[Changping District|Changping]])</small>
|style="line-height:1.05"|'''{{stl|BJS|Songjiazhuang}}'''<small><br />([[Fengtai District|Fengtai]])</small>
|2007
|—
|27.6
|23 (7)
|[[File:Beijing Subway simplified logo.svg|center|frameless|30x30px]]
|-style="text-align:center"
|<span style="display:none">06</span>{{rint|beijing|6}}
|M6
|style="line-height:1.05"|'''{{stl|BJS|Jin'anqiao}}'''<small><br />([[Shijingshan District|Shijingshan]])</small>
|style="line-height:1.05"|'''{{stl|BJS|Luyang}}'''<small><br />([[Tongzhou District, Beijing|Tongzhou]])</small>
|2012
|2025
|55.2<ref name="ReferenceA">{{Cite web|url=http://www.xinhuanet.com/local/2018-12/28/c_1123916410.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181229124030/http://www.xinhuanet.com/local/2018-12/28/c_1123916410.htm|url-status=dead|archive-date=December 29, 2018|title = 北京：四年内副中心陆续开4条地铁-新华网}}</ref>
|35{{efn|name=unopen|The following stations haven't been opened and not included in the station count: {{stl|BJS|Pingguoyuan}} on Line 1; [[Tongyun Men station|Tongyun Men]] on Line 6; [[Taoran Qiao station|Taoran Qiao]], {{stl|BJS|Hongmiao}} and [[Gaojiayuan station|Gaojiayuan]] on Line 14; {{stl|BJS|Wangjingxi}} and {{stl|BJS|Guangqumen Wai}} on Line 17}}
|[[File:Beijing Subway simplified logo.svg|center|frameless|30x30px]]
|-style="text-align:center"
|<span style="display:none">07</span>{{rint|beijing|7}}
|M7
|style="line-height:1.05"|'''{{stl|BJS|Beijing West}}'''<small><br />([[Fengtai District|Fengtai]])</small>
|style="line-height:1.05"|'''{{stl|BJS|Universal Resort}}'''<small><br />([[Tongzhou District, Beijing|Tongzhou]])</small>
|2014
|2021
|40.3
|30
|[[File:Beijing Subway simplified logo.svg|center|frameless|30x30px]]
|-style="text-align:center"
|style="line-height:1.05"|<span style="display:none">08</span>{{rint|beijing|8}}
|M8
|style="line-height:1.05"|'''{{stl|BJS|Zhuxinzhuang}}'''<br /><small>([[Changping District|Changping]])</small>
|style="line-height:1.05"|'''{{stl|BJS|Yinghai}}'''<small><br />([[Daxing District|Daxing]])</small>
|2008
|2021
|49.5
|35 (3)
|[[File:Beijing Subway simplified logo.svg|center|frameless|30x30px]]
|-style="text-align:center"
|<span style="display:none">09</span>{{rint|beijing|9}}
|M9
|style="line-height:1.05"|'''{{stl|BJS|Guojia Tushuguan (National Library)}}'''<br /><small>([[Haidian District, Beijing|Haidian]])</small>
|style="line-height:1.05"|'''{{nowrap|{{stl|BJS|Guogongzhuang}}}}'''<small><br />([[Fengtai District|Fengtai]])</small>
|2011
|2012
|16.5
|13
|[[File:Beijing Subway simplified logo.svg|center|frameless|30x30px]]
|-style="text-align:center"
|style="line-height:1.05"|<span style="display:none">10</span>{{rint|beijing|10}}<br /><small>loop line</small>
|M10
|style="line-height:1.05"|'''{{stl|BJS|Bagou}}'''<small><br />([[Haidian District|Haidian]])</small>
|style="line-height:1.05"|'''{{stl|BJS|Chedaogou}}'''<small><br />([[Haidian District|Haidian]])</small>
|2008
|2013
|57.1
|45
|[[File:Beijing Subway simplified logo.svg|center|frameless|30x30px]]
|-style="text-align:center"
|style="line-height:1.05"|<span style="display:none">11</span>{{rint|beijing|11}}<br />
|M11
|style="line-height:1.05"|'''{{stl|BJS|Moshikou}}'''<small><br />([[Shijingshan District|Shijingshan]])</small>
|style="line-height:1.05"|'''{{stl|BJS|Xinshougang (Shougang Park)}}'''<small><br />([[Shijingshan District|Shijingshan]])</small>
|2021
|2023
|2.9
|4
|[[File:Beijing Subway simplified logo.svg|center|frameless|30x30px]]
|-style="text-align:center"
|style="line-height:1.05"|<span style="display:none">12</span>{{rint|beijing|12}}<br />
|M12
|style="line-height:1.05"|'''{{stl|BJS|Sijiqing Qiao}}'''<small><br />([[Haidian District|Haidian]])</small>
|style="line-height:1.05"|'''{{stl|BJS|Dongbabei}}'''<small><br />([[Chaoyang, Beijing|Chaoyang]])</small>
|2024
|—
|27.5<ref name=M3M12>{{cite web|url=http://www.bj.chinanews.com.cn/news/2024/1216/97551.html|date=2024-12-16|title=北京新开3条（段）地铁线 主要火车站机场地铁全覆盖|quote=地铁3号线一期(东四十条站—东坝北站)东西向串联多个主要居住和功能区，运营里程14.7公里……地铁12号线被称为“地下北三环”。此次开通段运营里程27.5公里}}</ref>
|20
|[[File:Beijing Subway simplified logo.svg|center|frameless|30x30px]]
|-style="text-align:center"
|<span style="display:none">13</span>{{rint|beijing|13}}
|M13
|style="line-height:1.05"|'''{{stl|BJS|Xizhimen}}'''<small><br />([[Xicheng District|Xicheng]])</small>
|style="line-height:1.05"|'''{{stl|BJS|Dongzhimen}}'''<small><br />([[Dongcheng District, Beijing|Dongcheng]])</small>
|2002
|2003
|40.9
|17 (16)
|[[File:Beijing Subway simplified logo.svg|center|frameless|30x30px]]
|-style="text-align:center"
|style="line-height:1.05"|<span style="display:none">14</span>{{rint|beijing|14}}
|M14
|style="line-height:1.05"|'''{{nowrap|{{stl|BJS|Zhangguozhuang}}}}'''<small><br />([[Fengtai District|Fengtai]])</small>
|style="line-height:1.05"|'''{{stl|BJS|Shan'gezhuang}}'''<small><br />([[Chaoyang District, Beijing|Chaoyang]])</small>
|2013
|2021
|47.3
|33 (2){{efn|name=unopen|}}
|[[File:BeijingMTRicon.svg|center|frameless|30x30px]]
|-style="text-align:center"
|<span style="display:none">15</span>{{rint|beijing|15}}
|M15
|style="line-height:1.05"|'''{{stl|BJS|Qinghuadongluxikou}}'''<small><br />([[Haidian District|Haidian]])</small>
|style="line-height:1.05"|'''{{stl|BJS|Fengbo}}'''<small><br />([[Shunyi District|Shunyi]])</small>
|2010
|2014
|41.4
|20 (4) 
|[[File:Beijing Subway simplified logo.svg|center|frameless|30x30px]]
|-style="text-align:center"
|<span style="display:none">16</span>{{rint|beijing|16}}
|M16
|style="line-height:1.05"|'''{{stl|BJS|Beianhe}}'''<small><br />([[Haidian District|Haidian]])</small>
|style="line-height:1.05"|'''{{stl|BJS|Wanpingcheng}}'''<small><br />([[Fengtai District|Fengtai]])</small>
|2016
|2023
|49.8<ref name=Dec2023BJ>{{cite web|url=https://bjrbdzb.bjd.com.cn/bjrb/mobile/2023/20231228/20231228_007/content_20231228_007_1.htm|title=三段地铁线路即将开通|date=December 28, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231229092518/https://bjrbdzb.bjd.com.cn/bjrb/mobile/2023/20231228/20231228_007/content_20231228_007_1.htm|archive-date=December 29, 2023|access-date=December 29, 2023|url-status=live}}</ref>
|30
|[[File:BeijingMTRicon.svg|center|frameless|30x30px]]
|-style="text-align:center"
|<span style="display:none">17</span>{{rint|beijing|17}}
|M17
|style="line-height:1.05"|'''{{stl|BJS|Future Science City North}}'''<small><br />([[Changping, Beijing|Changping]])</small>
|style="line-height:1.05"|'''{{stl|BJS|Jiahuihu}}'''<small><br />([[Tongzhou District, Beijing|Tongzhou]])</small>
|2021
|2025
|48.9<ref name=Dec2023BJ /><ref name=Length-2021>{{cite web|url=http://bj.people.com.cn/n2/2021/1231/c82840-35076399.html |date=December 31, 2021 |title=北京今日开通9条地铁线（段） 3条主干线贯通南北 }}</ref>
|19<!--21 total, Wangjingxi and Guangqumen Wai are not open-->{{efn|name=unopen}}
|[[File:BeijingMTRicon.svg|center|frameless|30x30px]]
|-style="text-align:center"
|<span style="display:none">18</span>{{rint|beijing|18}}
|M18
|style="line-height:1.05"|'''{{stl|BJS|Malianwa}}'''<small><br />([[Haidian, Beijing|Haidian]])</small>
|style="line-height:1.05"|'''{{stl|BJS|Tiantongyuandong}}'''<small><br />([[Changping, Beijing|Changping]])</small>
|2025
|—
|19.8
|11
|[[File:Beijing Subway simplified logo.svg|center|frameless|30x30px]]
|-style="text-align:center"
|{{rint|beijing|19}}
|M19
|style="line-height:1.05"|'''{{stl|BJS|Mudanyuan}}'''<small><br />([[Haidian District|Haidian]])</small>
|style="line-height:1.05"|'''{{stl|BJS|Xingong}}'''<small><br />([[Fengtai District|Fengtai]])</small>
|2021
|—
|20.9<ref name=Length-2021 />
|10<ref name=bjd202207 >{{cite web|url=http://ie.bjd.com.cn/5b5fb98da0109f010fce6047/contentShare/5b5fb9d0e4b08630d8aef954/AP62e3538ce4b0f805269311af.html|title=地铁19号线剩余4站明日试运营！新宫至牡丹园只需半小时|date=July 29, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220729045111/http://ie.bjd.com.cn/5b5fb98da0109f010fce6047/contentShare/5b5fb9d0e4b08630d8aef954/AP62e3538ce4b0f805269311af.html|archive-date=July 29, 2022|quote=至此，本市城市轨道交通运营总里程783公里、车站463座}}</ref>
|[[File:BeijingMTROA.svg|center|frameless|30x30px]]
|-style="text-align:center"
|{{rint|beijing|yizhuang}}
|M24
|style="line-height:1.05"|'''{{stl|BJS|Songjiazhuang}}'''<small><br />([[Fengtai District|Fengtai]])</small>
|style="line-height:1.05"|'''{{stl|BJS|Yizhuang}}'''<small><br />([[Tongzhou District, Beijing|Tongzhou]])</small>
|2010
|2018
|23.3
|14 (8)
|[[File:Beijing Subway simplified logo.svg|center|frameless|30x30px]]
|-style="text-align:center"
|{{rint|beijing|fangshan}}
|M25 North
|style="line-height:1.05"|'''{{stl|BJS|Dongguantounan}}'''<small><br />([[Fengtai District|Fengtai]])</small>
|style="line-height:1.05"|'''{{stl|BJS|Yancundong}}'''<small><br />([[Fangshan District|Fangshan]])</small>
|2010
|2020
|31.8
|16 (10)
|[[File:Beijing Subway simplified logo.svg|center|frameless|30x30px]]
|-style="text-align:center"
|{{rint|beijing|yanfang}}
|M25 South
|style="line-height:1.05"|'''{{stl|BJS|Yancundong}}'''<small><br />([[Fangshan District|Fangshan]])</small>
|style="line-height:1.05"|'''{{stl|BJS|Yanshan}}'''<small><br />([[Fangshan District|Fangshan]])</small>
|2017
|—
|14.4
|9 (9)
|[[File:BeijingMTROA.svg|center|frameless|30x30px]]
|-style="text-align:center;"
|style="line-height:1.05"|{{rint|beijing|s1}}<br /><small>Maglev</small>
|M26
|style="line-height:1.05"|'''{{stl|BJS|Pingguoyuan}}'''<small><br />([[Shijingshan District|Shijingshan]])</small>
|style="line-height:1.05"|'''{{stl|BJS|Shichang}}'''<small><br />([[Mentougou District|Mentougou]])</small>
|2017
|2021
|10.2<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.xinhuanet.com/2017-09/16/c_1121673237.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181229220725/http://www.xinhuanet.com/2017-09/16/c_1121673237.htm|url-status=dead|archive-date=December 29, 2018|title = 北京首条中低速磁浮交通线路S1线年底部分开通-新华网}}</ref>
|8 (8)
|[[File:Beijing Subway simplified logo.svg|center|frameless|30x30px]]
|-style="text-align:center
|{{rint|beijing|changping}}
|M27
|style="line-height:1.05"|'''{{stl|BJS|Changping Xishankou}}'''<small><br />([[Changping District|Changping]])</small>
|style="line-height:1.05"|'''{{stl|BJS|Jimen Qiao}}'''<small><br />([[Haidian District|Haidian]])</small>
|2010
|2024
|44.2
|20 (6)
|[[File:Beijing Subway simplified logo.svg|center|frameless|30x30px]]
|-style="text-align:center;"
|{{rint|beijing|ap}}
|M34<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bjchy.gov.cn/affair/file/zhcfb/8a24fe8377dd20e7017843fdc1e1469f.html|title=北京市朝阳区国民经济和社会发展第十四个五年规划和二〇三五年远景目标纲要|date=March 18, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210320070437/http://www.bjchy.gov.cn/affair/file/zhcfb/8a24fe8377dd20e7017843fdc1e1469f.html|archive-date=March 20, 2021}}</ref>
|style="line-height:1.05"|'''{{stl|BJS|Beixinqiao}}'''<small><br />([[Dongcheng District, Beijing|Dongcheng]])</small>
|style="line-height:1.05"|'''{{stl|BJS|2 Hao Hangzhanlou (Terminal 2)}}''' <small>([[Chaoyang District, Beijing|Chaoyang]])</small><br />'''{{stl|BJS|3 Hao Hangzhanlou (Terminal 3)}}''' <small>([[Shunyi District|Shunyi]])</small>
|2008
|2021
|29.9
|5 (1)
|[[File:Capital_Metro_(Black_and_White_version).jpg|center|frameless|30x30px]]
|-style="text-align:center;"
|{{rint|beijing|na}}
|M35<ref>{{cite web|url=https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s/9aVTQwfjxzxt_0TFgBfisQ|title=浅析北京TOD的发展及几点思考|author=北京市城市规划设计研究院 郑猛|accessdate=September 1, 2020|archive-date=January 21, 2021|archive-url=https://archive.today/20210121012911/https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s/9aVTQwfjxzxt_0TFgBfisQ}}</ref>
|style="line-height:1.05"|'''{{stl|BJS|Caoqiao}}'''<small><br />([[Fengtai District|Fengtai]])</small>
|style="line-height:1.05"|'''{{stl|BJS|Daxing Jichang (Daxing Airport)}}''' <small>([[Guangyang District|Guangyang, Langfang]])</small><br />
|2019
|—
|41.36
|3
|[[File:BeijingMTROA.svg|center|frameless|30x30px]]
|-style="text-align:center"
|style="line-height:1.05"|{{rint|beijing|xijiao}}<br /><small>LRT</small>
|M29
|style="line-height:1.05"|'''{{stl|BJS|Bagou}}'''<small><br />([[Haidian District|Haidian]])</small>
|style="line-height:1.05"|'''{{stl|BJS|Fragrant Hills}}'''<small><br />([[Haidian District|Haidian]])</small>
|2017
|—
|8.8
|6 (6)
|[[File:BeijingPublicTransport.svg|center|frameless|30x30px]]
|-
|-style="text-align:center"
|style="line-height:1.05"|{{rint|beijing|Yizhuangt1}}<br /><small>LRT</small>
|—
|style="line-height:1.05"|'''{{stl|BJS|Quzhuang}}'''<small><br />([[Daxing District|Daxing]])</small>
|style="line-height:1.05"|'''{{stl|BJS|Dinghaiyuan}}'''<small><br />([[Tongzhou District, Beijing|Tongzhou]])</small>
|2020
|—
|11.9
|14 (14)
|[[File:BeijingPublicTransport.svg|center|frameless|30x30px]]
|-
|-class="sortbottom"
|colspan=6|'''Total'''
|'''909<ref name="Xinhua2024"/>'''
|'''539<ref name="Xinhua2024"/> (109)'''
|
|}
{{multiple image
| align             = right
| direction         = vertical
| image1            = T412_at_Xuanwumen_(20210406181921).jpg
| width1            = 240
| caption1          = A Line 2 train
| image2            = Platform of Tian'anmen East Station (20210909134053).jpg
| width2            = 240
| caption2          = Line 1 platform at [[Tian'anmen East Station]]
| image3            = 201109 Faregates at Yuanmingyuan Park station.jpg
| width3            = 240
| caption3          = Ticket entry gates at [[Yuanmingyuan Park station]]
| image4            = Beijing Subway Airport Express 01.jpg
| width4            = 240
| caption4          = [[Capital Airport Express]]
}}

===Lines through the urban core===
The urban core of Beijing is roughly outlined by the [[Line 10 (Beijing Subway)|Line 10]] loop, which runs underneath or just beyond the [[3rd Ring Road (Beijing)|3rd Ring Road]].  Each of the following lines provides extensive service within the Line 10 loop. All have connections to seven or more lines. Lines 1, 4, 5, 6, 8, and 19 also run through the Line 2 loop, marking the [[Beijing city fortifications|old Ming-Qing era city of Beijing]].

*'''[[Line 1 (Beijing Subway)|Line 1]]''': straight east–west line underneath [[Chang'an Avenue]], bisecting the city through [[Tiananmen Square]]. Line 1 connects major commercial centres, [[Xidan]], [[Wangfujing]], [[Dongdan, Beijing|Dongdan]] and the [[Beijing CBD]].
*'''[[Line 2 (Beijing Subway)|Line 2]]''': the inner rectangular [[Circle route|loop line]] that traces the [[Ming dynasty|Ming-era]] inner [[Beijing city fortifications|city wall]] which once surrounded the inner city, with stops at 11 of the wall's former gates (ending in ''men''), now busy intersections on the [[2nd Ring Road]], as well as the [[Beijing railway station]].{{efn|name=e|There is no subway stop at the 12th gate, [[Deshengmen]], between {{stl|BJS|Jishuitan}} and {{stl|BJS|Guloudajie}}.}}
*'''[[Line 3 (Beijing Subway)|Line 3]]''' runs from the eastern edge of the inner city to the northeast, through [[Sanlitun]], [[Chaoyang Park]] and [[Beijing Chaoyang railway station|Chaoyang railway station]].
*'''[[Line 4 (Beijing Subway)|Line 4]]''': mainly north–south line running to the west of city centre with stops at the [[Summer Palace]], [[Old Summer Palace]], [[Peking University|Peking]] and [[Renmin University|Renmin]] Universities, [[Zhongguancun]], [[National Library of China|National Library]], [[Beijing Zoo]], [[Xidan]], [[Taoranting station|Taoranting]] and [[Beijing South railway station]].
*'''[[Line 5 (Beijing Subway)|Line 5]]''': straight north–south line running to the east of the city centre. Line 5 passes the [[Temple of Earth]], [[Yonghe Temple]] and the [[Temple of Heaven]].
*'''[[Line 6 (Beijing Subway)|Line 6]]''': east–west line running parallel and to the north of Line 1, passing through the city centre north of [[Beihai Park]]. At 53.4&nbsp;km, Line 6 is the second longest Beijing Subway line after Line 10, and runs from [[Shijingshan District]] in the west to the Beijing City Sub-Center in [[Tongzhou District, Beijing|Tongzhou District]], terminating at [[Lucheng, Beijing|Lucheng]] just beyond the eastern [[6th Ring Road]].
*'''[[Line 7 (Beijing Subway)|Line 7]]''': east–west line running parallel and to the south of Line 1, from [[Beijing West railway station]] to {{stl|BJS|Universal Resort}}. Line 7 serves the old neighborhoods of southern Beijing with stops at {{stl|BJS|Zhushikou}}, [[Caishikou]] and {{stl|BJS|Ciqikou}}. 
* '''[[Line 8 (Beijing Subway)|Line 8]]''': north–south line following the Beijing's central axis from [[Changping District]] through [[Huilongguan]], the [[Olympic Green]], [[Shichahai]] and [[Nanluoguxiang]], where the line veers east of the Forbidden City and Tiananmen Square with stops at the National Art Museum and [[Wangfujing]] before returning to the central axis at [[Qianmen]] and continuing due south through Zhushikou and [[Yongdingmen]] to [[Heyi station|Heyi]] before turning southwest to [[Yinghai station|Yinghai]] in [[Daxing District]]. 
* '''[[Line 9 (Beijing Subway)|Line 9]]''': north–south line running to the west of Line 4 from the [[National Library]] through the [[Military Museum of the Chinese People's Revolution|Military Museum]] and [[Beijing West railway station]] to Guogongzhuang in the southwestern suburbs.
*'''[[Line 10 (Beijing Subway)|Line 10]]''', the outer [[Circle route|loop line]] running beneath or just beyond the [[3rd Ring Road (Beijing)|Third Ring Road]]. Apart from the Line 2 loop, which is entirely enclosed within the Line 10 loop, every other line through the urban core intersects with Line 10. In the north, Line 10 traces Beijing's [[Yuan Dynasty|Yuan-era]] city wall.  In the east, Line 10 passes through the Beijing CBD.
*'''[[Line 12 (Beijing Subway)|Line 12]]''' follows the northern section of the 3rd Ring Road and then further east into Chaoyang.
*'''[[Line 13 (Beijing Subway)|Line 13]]''' arcs across suburbs north of the city and transports commuters to [[Xizhimen]] and [[Dongzhimen]], at the northwest and northeast corners of Line 2.
*'''[[Line 14 (Beijing Subway)|Line 14]]''': inverted-L shaped line that connects the southwest, southeast and northeast parts of the city.  From {{stl|BJS|Zhangguozhuang}} in the southwest, Line 14 runs due west and enters the Line 10 loop at Xiju and passing through the Beijing South Railway Station, Yongdingmenwai, Puhuangyu, Fangzhuang and leaves the Line 10 loop at Shilihe before turning north at [[Beijing University of Technology]] and running south - north outside the Line 10 loop through the Beijing CBD, Chaoyang Park and Jiuxianqiao to Wangjing in the northeast.
*'''[[Line 16 (Beijing Subway)|Line 16]]''': line from the northwest suburbs of [[Haidian District]] north of the Baiwang Mountain that runs mostly north - south upon entering Line 10 into {{stl|BJS|National Library}} and {{stl|BJS|Yuyuantan Park East Gate}}, then continuing south through {{stl|BJS|Muxidi}} and {{stl|BJS|Daguanying}}, before entering {{stl|BJS|Lize Shangwuqu}} and {{stl|BJS|Fengtai railway station}}. It then turns west through {{stl|BJS|Fengtai Nanlu}} before ending at {{stl|BJS|Wanpingcheng}} in [[Fengtai District]].
*'''[[Line 17 (Beijing Subway)|Line 17]]''': north–south express line that runs from {{stl|BJS|Future Science City North}} to {{stl|BJS|Jiahuihu}}, serving [[Changping, Beijing|Changping District]], [[Chaoyang, Beijing|Chaoyang District]], [[Dongcheng, Beijing|Dongcheng District]] and [[Tongzhou District, Beijing|Tongzhou District]]. The line connects the [[Future Science Park]] in Changping with the [[Beijing Economic-Technological Development Area]] in [[Yizhuang, Beijing|Yizhuang New Town]].
*'''[[Line 19 (Beijing Subway)|Line 19]]''':  north–south express line from {{stl|BJS|Mudanyuan}} to {{stl|BJS|Xingong}} with stops inside the Line 2 loop at {{stl|BJS|Ping'anli}} and {{stl|BJS|Taipingqiao}} near [[Beijing Financial Street]].

===Lines serving outlying suburbs===
Each of the following lines provides service predominantly to one or more of the suburbs beyond the [[5th Ring Road]]. Lines 15, S1 along with the Changping, Daxing, Yanfang lines extend beyond the [[6th Ring Road]].
*'''[[Line 11 (Beijing Subway)|Line 11]]''' currently runs from {{stl|BJS|Moshikou}} to {{stl|BJS|Xinshougang}} in [[Shijingshan District]].
*'''[[Line 15 (Beijing Subway)|Line 15]]''': east–west line which runs between the northern [[4th Ring Road|4th]] and 5th Ring Road from the east of [[Tsinghua University]], through the [[Olympic Green]] and [[Wangjing, Beijing|Wangjing]], turning northeast to suburban [[Shunyi District]].
*'''[[Line 18 (Beijing Subway)|Line 18]]''': east–west line created from the Line 13 split project, initially temporarily runs on the new underground section of the project, connecting the [[Malianwa Subdistrict|Malianwa]]-[[Shangdi Subdistrict|Shangdi]] area in [[Haidian, Beijing|Haidian District]] and the [[Huilongguan]] and [[Tiantongyuan]] areas in [[Changping, Beijing|Changping District]], forming a connection line in the northern suburbs of Beijing.
*'''[[Batong line]]''' extends Line 1 eastward from [[Sihui, Beijing|Sihui]] to suburban [[Tongzhou District, Beijing|Tongzhou District]].
*'''[[Changping line]]''' starts at {{stl|BJS|Jimenqiao}} in [[Haidian District]], passing through {{stl|BJS|Liudaokou}} and {{stl|BJS|Qinghe Xiaoyingqiao}} before intersecting with Line 13 at {{stl|BJS|Qinghe railway station}} and {{stl|BJS|Xi'erqi}}, and then running north through suburban [[Changping District]]. The line then passes the {{stl|BJS|Life Science Park}}, {{stl|BJS|Shahe University Park}}, and the {{stl|BJS|Ming Tombs}}.
*'''[[Daxing line]]''' extends Line 4 south to suburban [[Daxing District]].
*'''[[Fangshan line]]''' goes from {{stl|BJS|Dongguantounan}} in [[Fengtai District]] to {{stl|BJS|Yancundong}} in [[Fangshan District]] in the southwestern suburbs.
*'''[[Yanfang line]]''' extends from the end of the Fangshan line further into western [[Fangshan District]].
*'''[[Yizhuang line]]''' extends from Line 5's southern terminus to the Yizhuang Economic & Technological Development Zone in the southeastern suburbs.
*'''[[Capital Airport Express]]''' connects the [[Beijing Capital International Airport]], {{convert|27|km|abbr=on}} northeast of the city, with Line 5 at Beixinqiao, Lines 10 and 12 at Sanyuanqiao and Lines 2 and 13 at Dongzhimen.
*'''[[Daxing Airport Express]]''' connects the [[Beijing Daxing International Airport]], {{convert|46|km|abbr=on}} south of the city, with Lines 10 and 19 at Caoqiao.
*'''[[Line S1 (Beijing Subway)|Line S1]]''', a low-speed maglev line connecting suburban [[Mentougou District]] with Line 6 in [[Shijingshan District]].
*'''[[Xijiao line]]''', a light rail line that branches off Line 10 at [[Bagou station|Bagou]] and extends west to {{stl|BJS|Fragrant Hills}}.
*'''[[Line T1 (Beijing Yizhuang Tram)|Yizhuang T1 line]]''', a light rail line runs from Quzhuang in Daxing District to Dinghaiyuan in Tongzhou District.

<gallery mode="packed">
File:Platform of Tian'anmen East Station (20210909134053).jpg|[[Tian'anmen East station]] of <span style="color:#{{rcr|BJS|1}};">'''Line 1'''</span>
File:Platform_of_L2_Dongzhimen_Station_(20220131182144).jpg|[[Dongzhimen station]] of <span style="color:#{{rcr|BJS|2}};">'''Line 2'''</span>
File:Platform of L3 Chaoyang Park Station (20241217172125).jpg|[[Chaoyang Park station]] of <span style="color:#{{rcr|BJS|3}};">'''Line 3'''</span>
File:Platform_of_Beijing_Zoo_Station_(20210202172712).jpg|[[Beijing Zoo station]] of <span style="color:#{{rcr|BJS|4}};">'''Line 4'''</span>
File:Zhangzizhonglu Station platform, Line 5 (1).jpg|[[Zhangzizhonglu station]] of <span style="color:#{{rcr|BJS|5}};">'''Line 5'''</span>
File:Platform_of_Xihuangcun_Station_(20210623193638).jpg|[[Xihuangcun station]] of <span style="color:#{{rcr|BJS|6}};">'''Line 6'''</span>
File:Platform_of_Langxinzhuang_Station_(20240229173235).jpg|[[Langxinzhuang station]] of <span style="color:#{{rcr|BJS|7}};">'''Line 7'''</span>
File:Platform_of_Jinyu_Hutong_Station_(20220104160829).jpg|[[Jinyu Hutong station]] of <span style="color:#{{rcr|BJS|8}};">'''Line 8'''</span>
File:Platform_of_Fengtai_Dongdajie_Station_(20220330184216).jpg|[[Fengtai Dongdajie station]] of <span style="color:#{{rcr|BJS|9}};">'''Line 9'''</span>
File:ANZHENMEN_Station_Platform_(South_side)_20130813.jpg|[[Anzhenmen station]] of <span style="color:#{{rcr|BJS|10}};">'''Line 10'''</span>
File:Platform_of_Beixin'an_Station_(20211231200828).jpg|[[Beixin'an station]] of <span style="color:#{{rcr|BJS|11}};">'''Line 11'''</span>
File:Platform_of_L12_Changchunqiao_Station_(20241218170501).jpg|[[Changchun Qiao station]] of <span style="color:#{{rcr|BJS|12}};">'''Line 12'''</span>
File:Line_13_eastbound_platform,_Beiyuan_Station_20241221074120.jpg|[[Bei Yuan station]] of <span style="color:#{{rcr|BJS|13}};">'''Line 13'''</span>
File:Platform_of_Dongguantou_Station_(20220104164801).jpg|[[Dongguantou station]] of <span style="color:#{{rcr|BJS|14}};">'''Line 14'''</span>
File:Maquanying_Station_Platform_20210501.jpg|[[Maquanying station]] of <span style="color:#{{rcr|BJS|15}};">'''Line 15'''</span>
File:Platform_of_Ganjiakou_Station_(20220212182306).jpg|[[Ganjiakou station]] of <span style="color:#{{rcr|BJS|16}};">'''Line 16'''</span>
File:Platform_of_Future_Science_City_Station_(20240101142457).jpg|[[Future Science City station]] of <span style="color:#{{rcr|BJS|17}};">'''Line 17'''</span>
File:Platform of L18 Shangdi Software Park Station (20251227091219).jpg|[[Shangdi Software Park station]] of <span style="color:#{{rcr|BJS|18}};">'''Line 18'''</span>
File:Platform_of_Niujie_Station_(20220106155525).jpg|[[Niujie station]] of <span style="color:#{{rcr|BJS|19}};">'''Line 19'''</span>
File:Platform_of_Xiaohongmen_Station_(20240106155240).jpg|[[Xiaohong Men station]] of <span style="color:#{{rcr|BJS|yz}};">'''Yizhuang Line'''</span>
File:Northbound_platform_of_Baipenyao_Station_(20210101171806).jpg|[[Baipenyao station]] of <span style="color:#{{rcr|BJS|fs}};">'''Fangshan Line'''</span>
File:Platform_of_Magezhuang_Station_(20180120164901).jpg|[[Magezhuang station]] of <span style="color:#{{rcr|BJS|yf}};">'''Yanfang Line'''</span>
File:Westbound platform of S1 Shang'an Station (20220103153437).jpg|[[Shang'an station]] of <span style="color:#{{rcr|BJS|s1}};">'''Line S1'''</span>
File:Platform_of_CPL_Liudaokou_Station_(20230204144225).jpg|[[Liudaokou station]] of <span style="color:#{{rcr|BJS|cp}};">'''Changping Line'''</span>
File:Platform_of_Terminal_3_Station_(20201112171746).jpg|[[3 Hao Hangzhanlou (Terminal 3) station]] of <span style="color:#{{rcr|BJS|a}};">'''Capital Airport Express'''</span>
File:Platform_of_Daxing_Airport_Subway_Station,_departures_(20210615164750).jpg|[[Daxing Jichang (Daxing Airport) station]] of <span style="color:#{{rcr|BJS|da}};">'''Daxing Airport Express'''</span>
File:Wan'an_Station_(20171221125957).jpg|[[Wan'an station (Beijing Subway)|Wan'an Station]] of <span style="color:#{{rcr|BJS|xj}};">'''Xijiao Line'''</span>
File:Yizhuang_T1_tram_at_Rongchang_Dongjie.jpg|[[Rongchang Dongjie station]] of <span style="color:#{{rcr|BJS|T1}};">'''Yizhuang T1 Line'''</span>
</gallery>

==Future expansion==
=== Phase II ===
According to the Phase 2 construction plan approved by the [[National Development and Reform Commission|NDRC]] in 2015, the length of Beijing Subway will reach {{convert|998.5|km|abbr=on}}<ref name="ndrc2015" /> when Phase 2 construction is finished.<ref name="ndrc2015" /> By then, public transit will comprise 60% of all trips. Of those, the subway will comprise 62%.<ref name="ndrc2015">{{cite web|url=https://www.ndrc.gov.cn/xxgk/zcfb/tz/201509/t20150929_963453.html |script-title=zh:国家发展改革委关于北京市城市轨道交通第二期建设规划（2015～2021年）的批复|publisher=中华人民共和国国家发展和改革委员会 [National Development and Reform Commission]|date=September 29, 2015|access-date=October 2, 2015}}</ref> The adjustment of the Phase 2 construction plan was approved by the [[National Development and Reform Commission|NDRC]] on December 5, 2019.<ref name="ndrc2019">{{cite web|url=https://www.ndrc.gov.cn/xxgk/zcfb/tz/201912/t20191219_1213780.html|date=December 5, 2019|script-title=zh:国家发展改革委关于调整北京市城市轨道交通第二期建设规划方案的批复|access-date=January 2, 2020|publisher=中华人民共和国国家发展和改革委员会 [National Development and Reform Commission]|archive-date=December 20, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191220003923/https://www.ndrc.gov.cn/xxgk/zcfb/tz/201912/t20191219_1213780.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> Which altered and expanded some projects in the Phase 2 construction plan. Including adjusting alignments of Line 22 and Line 28 and additional projects such as the Daxing Airport Express north extension, the west section of Line 11 and transforming Line 13 into two lines (Lines 18 and 13, known as 13A and 13B during construction).<ref>{{Cite web|title=关于调整北京市城市轨道交通第二期建设规划方案的批复(发改基础〔2019〕1904号)_政府信息公开_政务公开-国家发展改革委|url=https://zfxxgk.ndrc.gov.cn/web/iteminfo.jsp?id=16657|access-date=January 27, 2022|website=zfxxgk.ndrc.gov.cn}}</ref>[[File:Beijing-Subway-Plan en.png|thumb|center|A map showing Beijing subway lines currently in operation ('''solid lines''') and subway lines approved by the [[National Development and Reform Commission|NDRC]] ('''dashed lines'''). The map is not drawn to scale.|800px]]

{| class="wikitable sortable" style="width:100%;line-height:1;"
|-
!colspan="11"|Future Expansion (Phase 2)
|-
!Planned<br />opening
!Line
!Phase & Section
!colspan=2|Terminals<br /><small>([[List of administrative divisions of Beijing|District]])</small>
!style="width:40%;"|Route Description
!Construction<br />since
!Length<br />(km)
!Stations
!Status
!Refs
|-
|rowspan=2 style="text-align:center;"|2026
|{{rint|beijing|na}}
|North extension
|'''{{stl|BJS|Lize Shangwuqu}}'''<br /><small>([[Fengtai District|Fengtai]])</small>
|'''{{stl|BJS|Caoqiao}}'''<br /><small>([[Fengtai District|Fengtai]])</small>
|
|style="text-align:center;"|2020
|style="text-align:center;"|3.5
|style="text-align:center;"|1
|rowspan="9"|Under construction
|<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.chinanews.com/sh/2019/09-25/8964703.shtml|date=September 25, 2019|title=北京地铁11号线西段、大兴机场线北延年内开工}}</ref>
|-
|{{rint|beijing|Pinggu}} ({{rint|beijing|22}})
|
|'''{{stl|BJS|Dingfuzhuang}}'''<br><small>([[Chaoyang District, Beijing|Chaoyang]])</small>
|'''{{stl|BJS|Pinggu}}'''<br><small>([[Pinggu District|Pinggu]])</small>
|
|style="text-align:center;"|2021
|style="text-align:center;"|71.6
|style="text-align:center;"|17
| <ref name="北京地铁平谷线城市副中心5座车站明年实现开工">{{cite web|url=http://bj.people.com.cn/n2/2020/1215/c14540-34475884.html|title=北京地铁平谷线城市副中心5座车站明年实现开工|date=December 15, 2020|access-date=December 15, 2020|archive-date=December 31, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201231034800/http://bj.people.com.cn/n2/2020/1215/c14540-34475884.html|url-status=dead}}</ref>
|-
|rowspan=3 style="text-align:center;"|2027
|{{rint|beijing|13}}
|Longzexi to Longze section
|'''{{stl|BJS|Longzexi}}'''<br /><small>([[Changping, Beijing|Changping]])</small>
|'''{{stl|BJS|Longze}}''' (rebuilt)<br /><small>([[Changping, Beijing|Changping]])</small>
|
|style="text-align:center;"|2024
|style="text-align:center;"|1.1
|style="text-align:center;"|1
|
|-
|{{rint|beijing|18|link=Line 13 (Beijing Subway)#Future development}}
|South extension (13A split new section)
|'''{{stl|BJS|Dazhong Si}}'''<br><small>([[Haidian District|Haidian]])</small>
|'''{{stl|BJS|Chegongzhuang}}'''<br><small>([[Xicheng, Beijing|Xicheng]])</small>
|
|style="text-align:center;"|2024<ref>{{cite web|url=https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s/lv06pI1qJtuxYDNeOS9SGQ|title=中铁十六局集团一周要闻（2024.4.15-4.21）|trans-title=China Railway 16th Bureau Group News of the Week (April 15–21, 2024)|date=2024-04-22|access-date=2025-01-15|language=zh-Hans|archive-url=https://archive.today/20240611225403/https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s/lv06pI1qJtuxYDNeOS9SGQ|archive-date=2024-06-11|quote=On April 20, the construction of the Beijing Rail Transit Capacity Expansion and Improvement Project Line 13, Section 01, undertaken by the Metro Company, officially broke ground, marking the entry of the project into the substantive construction stage.}}</ref>
|style="text-align:center;"|TBD
|style="text-align:center;"|3
|
|-
| rowspan="2" |{{rint|beijing|Pinggu}} ({{rint|beijing|22}})
|
|'''{{stl|BJS|Hongmiao}}'''<br><small>([[Chaoyang District, Beijing|Chaoyang]])</small>
|'''{{stl|BJS|Dingfuzhuang}}'''<br><small>([[Chaoyang District, Beijing|Chaoyang]])</small>
|
|rowspan="2" style="text-align:center;"|2021
|rowspan="2" style="text-align:center;"|9.6
|style="text-align:center;"|3
| rowspan="2" |<ref name="北京地铁平谷线城市副中心5座车站明年实现开工"/>
|-
|rowspan="2" style="text-align:center;"|2029
|
|'''{{stl|BJS|Dongdaqiao}}'''<br><small>([[Chaoyang District, Beijing|Chaoyang]])</small>
|'''{{stl|BJS|Hongmiao}}'''<br><small>([[Chaoyang District, Beijing|Chaoyang]])</small>
|
|style="text-align:center;"|2
|-
|{{rint|beijing|28}} (CBD line)
|
|'''{{stl|BJS|Dongdaqiao}}'''<br /><small>([[Chaoyang District, Beijing|Chaoyang]])</small>
|'''{{stl|BJS|Guangqudonglu}}'''<br /><small>([[Chaoyang District, Beijing|Chaoyang]])</small>
|Runs through the [[Beijing central business district|Central Business District]]
|style="text-align:center;"|2021<ref name=qianlong202107 />
|style="text-align:center;"|8.9<ref name=bjnews202009>{{cite web|url=http://www.bjnews.com.cn/news/2020/09/10/767890.html|date=September 10, 2020|title=地铁28号线可行性研究报告批复，纳入今年北京市政府重点工程|accessdate=November 16, 2021|archive-date=September 11, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200911212625/http://www.bjnews.com.cn/news/2020/09/10/767890.html}}</ref>
|style="text-align:center;"|9
|<ref name=bjnews202009 /><ref name=qianlong202107>{{cite web|url=http://beijing.qianlong.com/2021/0727/6077487.shtml|date=July 27, 2021|title=北京地铁28号线首站启动建设}}</ref>
|-
|rowspan=3 style="text-align:center;"|TBD
|{{rint|beijing|1}}
|Renovation on Fushouling station
|'''{{stl|BJS|Pingguoyuan}}'''<br /><small>([[Shijingshan District|Shijingshan]])</small>
|'''{{stl|BJS|Fushouling}}'''<br /><small>([[Shijingshan District|Shijingshan]])</small>
|
| style="text-align:center;" |2020
| style="text-align:center;" |1.6
| style="text-align:center;" |2
|<ref name=bjn202301>{{cite web|url=https://www.bjnews.com.cn/detail/167290273914635.html|title=今年石景山区将建设多条轨道交通，一号线福寿岭站预计年内竣工|date=January 5, 2023|archive-date=January 5, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230105200922/https://www.bjnews.com.cn/detail/167290273914635.html}}</ref>
|-
|{{rint|beijing|3}}
|East extension
|'''{{stl|BJS|Dongbabei}}'''<br /><small>([[Chaoyang District, Beijing|Chaoyang]])</small>
|'''{{stl|BJS|Gaoxinzhuang}}'''<br /><small>([[Chaoyang District, Beijing|Chaoyang]])</small>
|
|style="text-align:center;"|2025
|style="text-align:center;"|5.1
|style="text-align:center;"|4
|<ref>{{cite web |title=北京地铁3号线一期东段工程启动建设 |url=http://bj.people.com.cn/n2/2025/1218/c82840-41446871.html |date=2025-12-18}}</ref>
|-
|{{rint|beijing|12}}
|East extension
|'''{{stl|BJS|Dongbabei}}'''<br /><small>([[Chaoyang District, Beijing|Chaoyang]])</small>
|'''{{stl|BJS|Dongba Beijie}}'''<br /><small>([[Chaoyang District, Beijing|Chaoyang]])</small>
|
|style="text-align:center;"|
|style="text-align:center;"|1.3
|style="text-align:center;"|1
|Approved
|<ref>{{cite web|url=https://news.china.com/socialgd/10000169/20241227/47798860.html|title=北京这三条地铁线有望明年开工招标计划已公布|quote=全长1.307公里}}</ref>
|- class=sortbottom
| colspan="7" |'''Total'''
|style="text-align:center;"|102.7
|style="text-align:center;"|43
|colspan="2" bgcolor=grey|
|}

=== Phase III ===
According to the information released in July 2022, the "Beijing Rail Transit Phase III Construction Plan" includes 11 construction projects: Line 1 Branch, Line 7 Phase 3, Line 11 Phase 2, Line 15 Phase 2, Line 17 Phase 2 (Branch), Line 19 Phase 2, [[Line 20 (Beijing Subway)|Line 20]] Phase 1, [[Fangshan line|Fangshan line (Line 25)]] Phase 3 (also known as Lijin Line), [[Line M101 (Beijing Subway)|Line M101]] Phase 1, Line S6 (New Town Link Line) Phase 1, and the connecting line between [[Yizhuang line]], [[Line 5 (Beijing Subway)|Line 5]] and [[Line 10 (Beijing Subway)|Line 10]].<ref name=rails202207>{{cite web|url=https://www.rails.cn/download/2022/%E9%99%84%E4%BB%B61%EF%BC%9A%E5%8C%97%E4%BA%AC%E5%B8%82%E8%BD%A8%E9%81%93%E4%BA%A4%E9%80%9A%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%89%E6%9C%9F%E5%BB%BA%E8%AE%BE%E8%A7%84%E5%88%92%EF%BC%882022-2027%E5%B9%B4%EF%BC%89%E7%8E%AF%E5%A2%83%E5%BD%B1%E5%93%8D%E6%8A%A5%E5%91%8A%E4%B9%A6%EF%BC%88%E5%BE%81%E6%B1%82%E6%84%8F%E8%A7%81%E7%A8%BF%EF%BC%89.pdf|title=附件1：北京市轨道交通第三期建设规划（2022-2027年）环境影响报告书（征求意见稿）.pdf|access-date=July 8, 2022|archive-date=July 8, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220708041025/https://www.rails.cn/download/2022/%E9%99%84%E4%BB%B61%EF%BC%9A%E5%8C%97%E4%BA%AC%E5%B8%82%E8%BD%A8%E9%81%93%E4%BA%A4%E9%80%9A%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%89%E6%9C%9F%E5%BB%BA%E8%AE%BE%E8%A7%84%E5%88%92%EF%BC%882022-2027%E5%B9%B4%EF%BC%89%E7%8E%AF%E5%A2%83%E5%BD%B1%E5%93%8D%E6%8A%A5%E5%91%8A%E4%B9%A6%EF%BC%88%E5%BE%81%E6%B1%82%E6%84%8F%E8%A7%81%E7%A8%BF%EF%BC%89.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable sortable" style="width:100%;line-height:1;text-align:center;"
|-
! colspan="11" |Future Expansion (Phase 3)
|-
! Planned<br />opening
! Line
! Phase & Section
! colspan="2"|Terminals<br /><small>([[List of administrative divisions of Beijing|District]])</small>
! style="width:40%;"|Route Description
! Construction<br />since
! Length<br />(km)
! Stations
! Status
! Refs
|-
| rowspan="2"|2027
| {{rint|beijing|1}}
| Branch line
| '''{{stl|BJS|Bajiao Amusement Park}}'''<br /><small>([[Shijingshan District|Shijingshan]])</small>
| '''Qinglonghudong'''<br /><small>([[Fengtai District|Fengtai]])<!--Near the border to Fangshan District across the lake. The metro station itself is entirely at the east side of the lake, so entirely in Fengtai District--></small>
|
| 2024<ref>{{Cite web |title=北京地鐵1號線支線開工建設 建成后將便利豐台河西地區交通出行 |url=http://bj.people.com.cn/BIG5/n2/2024/0118/c14540-40717981.html |access-date=2024-12-15 |website=bj.people.com.cn}}</ref>
| 21<ref>{{cite web|url=https://xinwen.bjd.com.cn/content/s676b7357e4b06b0a5624a9a5.html|date=2024-12-15|title=地铁1号线支线9座车站进场施工！新招减少对周边居民影响|quote=全长约21公里}}</ref>
| 9
| rowspan="2"|Under construction
| rowspan="14"|<ref name=rails202207 />
|-
| {{rint|beijing|M101}}
| Phase 1
| '''Shangwuyuan'''<br /><small>([[Tongzhou District, Beijing|Tongzhou]])</small>
| '''Zhangjiawandong'''<br /><small>([[Tongzhou District, Beijing|Tongzhou]])</small>
|
| 2024<ref>{{Cite web |title=北京城市副中心将新添地铁大动脉，M101线一期开始全面建设 |url=https://m.bjnews.com.cn/detail/1733806116129860.html |access-date=2024-12-15 |website=m.bjnews.com.cn}}</ref>
| 18.1
| 14
|-
| rowspan="12"|TBD
| {{rint|beijing|15}}
| East extension
| '''{{stl|BJS|Fengbo}}'''<br /><small>([[Shunyi District|Shunyi]])</small>
| '''Nancai'''<br /><small>([[Shunyi District|Shunyi]])</small>
|
|
| 3.5
| 1
| rowspan="3"|Awaiting construction
|-
| {{rint|beijing|17}}
| Branch
| '''{{stl|BJS|Tiantongyuandong}}'''<br /><small>([[Changping District|Changping]])</small>
| '''Beiqijia'''<br /><small>([[Changping District|Changping]])</small>
|
|
| 8.9
| 2
|-
| {{rint|beijing|fangshan}}
| Phase 3
| '''{{stl|BJS|Dongguantounan}}'''<br /><small>([[Fengtai District|Fengtai]])</small>
| '''{{stl|BJS|Lingjing Hutong}}'''<br /><small>([[Xicheng District|Xicheng]])</small>
|
|
| 10.9
| 8
|-
| {{rint|beijing|7}}
| Phase 3
| '''{{stl|BJS|Beijing West railway station}}'''<br /><small>([[Fengtai District|Fengtai]])</small>
| '''{{stl|BJS|Wanshousi}}'''<br /><small>([[Haidian District|Haidian]])</small>
|
|
| 6.4
| 4
| rowspan="9"|Approved
|-
| {{rint|beijing|11}}
| Phase 2
| '''{{stl|BJS|Xinshougang (Shougang Park)}}'''<br /><small>([[Shijingshan District|Shijingshan]])</small>
| '''{{stl|BJS|Lize Shangwuqu}}'''<ref name=M11LZ /><br /><small>([[Fengtai District|Fengtai]])</small>
|
|
| 17.4<ref name=M11LZ>{{cite web|url=http://liuyan.people.com.cn/threads/content?tid=21141274&from=search|title=地铁11号线东段终点站洋桥站取消了吗|quote=市规划自然委丰台分局回复如下：经核实，依据2023年国家发改委批复的《北京市轨道交通第三期建设规划》，地铁11号线二期线路到丽泽商务区站|date=2024-07-17}}</ref><ref name=M11P2length>{{cite web |date=2024-07-08 |title=北京轨道交通11号线二期工程设计01合同段（总体总包）（方案设计、初步设计、施工图设计）招标公告 |url=https://ggzyfw.beijing.gov.cn/jyxxggjtbyqs/20240708/4589870.html |accessdate=2024-07-10 |publisher=北京市公共资源综合交易系统}}</ref> 
| 14<ref name=M11P2length />
|-
| {{rint|beijing|19}}
| North extension
| '''{{stl|BJS|Mudanyuan}}'''<br /><small>([[Haidian District|Haidian]])</small>
| '''Shengminggu'''<br /><small>([[Changping District|Changping]])</small>
|
|
| 17.6
| 6
|-
| {{rint|beijing|19}}
| North Branch
| '''Shangqingqiaonan'''<br /><small>([[Haidian District|Haidian]])</small>
| '''{{stl|BJS|Qinghe railway station}}'''<br /><small>([[Haidian District|Haidian]])</small>
|
|
| 6.8
| 1
|-
| {{rint|beijing|19}}
| South extension
| '''{{stl|BJS|Xingong}}'''<br /><small>([[Fengtai District|Fengtai]])</small>
| '''Haizijiao'''<br /><small>([[Daxing District|Daxing]])</small>
|
|
| 12.6
| 6
|-
| {{rint|beijing|19}}
| South Branch
| '''[[National New Media Industry Base|New Media Industry Base]]'''<br /><small>([[Daxing District|Daxing]])</small>
| '''Biomedical Base West'''<br /><small>([[Daxing District|Daxing]])</small>
|
|
| 17.4
| 7
|-
| {{rint|beijing|20}}
| Phase 1
| '''Guanzhuang Lu Xikou'''<br /><small>([[Shunyi District|Shunyi]])</small>
| '''Yanjing Qiao'''<br /><small>([[Chaoyang District, Beijing|Chaoyang]])</small>
|
|
| 21.3
| 5
|-
| {{rint|beijing|S6}}
| Phase 1
| '''[[3 Hao Hangzhanlou (Terminal 3) station|Terminal 3]]'''<br /><small>([[Shunyi District|Shunyi]])</small>
| '''{{stl|BJS|Daxing Xincheng}}'''<br /><small>([[Daxing District|Daxing]])</small>
|
|
| 64.4
| 9
|-
| style=line-height:1.4|{{rint|beijing|yizhuang}}-{{rint|beijing|5}}
| Connecting tracks
|colspan="2"| Connecting '''{{stl|BJS|Xiaocun}}''' and '''{{stl|BJS|Songjiazhuang}}'''
|
|
| 1.1
| 0
|- class=sortbottom
| colspan="7" |'''Total'''
|230.4
|88
|colspan=2 bgcolor=grey|
|}

==Owner and operators==
The Beijing Subway is owned by the Beijing Municipal People's Government through the Beijing Infrastructure Investment Co., LTD, (北京市基础设施投资有限公司 or BIIC), a wholly owned subsidiary of the Beijing State-owned Assets Supervision and Administration Commission (北京市人民政府国有资产监督管理委员会 or Beijing SASAC), the municipal government's asset holding entity.

The Beijing Subway was originally developed and controlled by the [[Government of China|Central Government]]. The subway's construction and planning was headed by a special committee of the [[State Council of the People's Republic of China|State Council]]. In February 1970, Premier [[Zhou Enlai]] handed management of the subway to the [[People's Liberation Army]], which formed the PLA Rail Engineering Corp Beijing Subway Management Bureau.<ref>{{cite web| language=zh| url=http://www.bjsubway.com/zjdt/dtdsj/2007-05-15/2978.shtml| title=地铁公司1965-1970年| access-date=March 27, 2010| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100206215950/http://www.bjsubway.com/zjdt/dtdsj/2007-05-15/2978.shtml| archive-date=February 6, 2010}}</ref> In November 1975, by order of the State Council and [[Central Military Commission (People's Republic of China)|Central Military Commission]] the bureau was placed under the authority of Beijing Municipal Transportation Department.

On April 20, 1981, the bureau became the Beijing Subway Company, which was a subsidiary of the Beijing Public Transportation Company.<ref name=BJS2976>{{cite web| language=zh| url=http://www.bjsubway.com/zjdt/dtdsj/2007-05-15/2976.shtml| title=地铁公司1981-1990年| access-date=March 27, 2010| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100206215827/http://www.bjsubway.com/zjdt/dtdsj/2007-05-15/2976.shtml| archive-date=February 6, 2010}}</ref>

In July 2001, the Beijing Municipal Government reorganized the subway company into the Beijing Subway Group Company Ltd., a wholly city-owned holding company, which assumed ownership of all of the subway's assets.<ref name=BJS2976/> In November 2003, the assets of the Beijing Subway Group Company were transferred to the newly created BIIC.

The Beijing Subway has five operators: 
#The main operator is the wholly state-owned [[Beijing Mass Transit Railway Operation Corporation Limited|Beijing Mass Transit Railway Operation Corp.]] (北京市地铁运营有限公司 or Beijing Subway OpCo), which was formed in the reorganization of the original Beijing Subway Group Company in 2001, and operates 15 lines: Lines 1, 2, 5–10, 13, 15, Batong line, Changping line, Fangshan line, Yizhuang line and S1 line.<ref>the Beijing Subway website [http://www.bjsubway.com/news/qyxw/yyzd/2016-01-04/42043.html] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160125144330/http://www.bjsubway.com/news/qyxw/yyzd/2016-01-04/42043.html |date=January 25, 2016 }} reported that the total 2015 passenger ridership on the 15 lines under its control was 2.832 billion. Total network ridership including the three Beijing MTR lines were not provided.</ref>
#The [[MTR Corporation#Beijing|Beijing MTR Corp.]] (北京京港地铁有限公司 or Beijing MTR), a [[public–private partnership|public–private]] [[joint venture]] formed in 2005 by and among [[Beijing Capital Group]], a state company under Beijing SASAC (with 49% equity ownership), [[MTR Corporation]] of Hong Kong (49%), and BIIC (2%),<ref>[http://www.mtr.bj.cn/en/about/profile.html website of Beijing MTR Corporation Limited] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160106014210/http://www.mtr.bj.cn/en/about/profile.html |date=January 6, 2016 }}</ref> and operates four lines: Lines [[Line 4 (Beijing Subway)|4]], [[Line 14 (Beijing Subway)|14]], [[Line 16 (Beijing Subway)|16]] and [[Line 17 (Beijing Subway)|Line 17]] and [[Daxing line]].<ref name=bjd20191230>{{cite web|url=http://www.bjd.com.cn/a/201912/30/WS5e097dd8e4b0e6e58393623f.html|date=December 30, 2019|title=确定了！北京地铁17号线，京港地铁公司运营|access-date=December 31, 2019|archive-date=July 26, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200726181059/http://www.bjd.com.cn/a/201912/30/WS5e097dd8e4b0e6e58393623f.html|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mtr.bj.cn/en/about/profile.html|title=Brief of BJMTR|access-date=July 6, 2019|website=Beijing MTR website|archive-date=January 6, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160106014210/http://www.mtr.bj.cn/en/about/profile.html|url-status=dead}}</ref>
#The {{ill|Beijing Metro Operation Administration Corp., Ltd.|zh|北京市轨道交通运营管理有限公司}}<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bjmoa.cn/|title=北京市轨道交通运营管理有限公司|access-date=August 12, 2019}}</ref> (北京市轨道交通运营管理有限公司 or BJMOA<ref>{{cite web|url=https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s/ERCtT2HiiIq4nC69MBf0jw|title=大兴机场线文创产品首次亮相2019北京城轨展|date=August 1, 2019}}</ref>), a subsidiary of Beijing Metro Construction Administration Corporation Ltd. (北京市轨道交通建设管理有限公司 or BJMCA) also under Beijing SASAC, became the third company to obtain operation rights for the Beijing Subway in 2015. The BJMOA operates the [[Yanfang line]], [[Daxing Airport Express]], and [[Line 19 (Beijing Subway)|Line 19]].<ref name=bjmoa20191212>{{cite web|url=https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s/W0DozeJPK_6bF5e51jZ09A|title=喜讯！北京轨道运营公司获得北京地铁19号线运营权 (BJMOA Obtains Operation Rights for Beijing Subway Line 19)|quote=继国庆节前成功高水平开通运营北京大兴国际机场线后，又收到成交通知书，经市政府批准，公司被确定为北京地铁19号线的运营商 (Following the successful opening of the [[Daxing Airport Express]] before the National Day, a transaction notification was received. With the approval of the municipal government, the BJMOA company was identified as the operator of [[Line 19 (Beijing Subway)|Line 19]])}}</ref><ref name=bjmoa201911>{{cite web|url=http://www.bjmoa.cn/indishare/sitemaster.nsf/frmsecondgywm_xm?openform&database=bjmtroa/wwgsjs.nsf&view=vwPublicedByCatforsite3_xm&path=1code|title=公司介绍|date=November 27, 2019|quote=目前，负责运营北京市轨道交通燕房线、北京大兴国际机场线 (Currently operates Yanfang line and Daxing Airport Express of Beijing Subway)}}</ref><!--The franchise entity of Daxing Airport Express is Beijing CSTJ which is a group of 8 companies, but the operator BJMOA is only one of the 8 companies (the other companies have no rights to operate metro lines in Beijing)--><ref name=DAE017>{{cite web|url=https://m.weibo.cn/2150360725/4330982414895420|title=特许经营主体为北京城市铁建轨道交通投资发展有限公司，特许经营期三十年。运营商为"4大8小"联合体中运营专业公司：北京市轨道交通运营管理有限公司（北京轨道运营）}}</ref> Its corporate parent, BJMCA, is a general contractor for Beijing Subway construction.<ref>(Chinese) [http://www.bjgdjs.com/html/gsjs/index.html 北京市轨道交通建设管理有限公司 公司介绍] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190811164515/http://www.bjgdjs.com/html/gsjs/index.html |date=August 11, 2019 }} accessed August 11, 2019</ref>
#The Beijing Public Transit Tramway Co., Ltd. (北京公交有轨电车有限公司), formed in 2017, is a wholly owned subsidiary of Beijing Public Transport Corporation (北京公共交通控股（集团）有限公司 or BPTC) that operates the [[Xijiao line]].<ref>(Chinese) [https://www.bjbus.com/home/fun_structure_detail.php?uPageType=8&uCompCode=00000042 北京公交有轨电车有限公司] Accessed August 11, 2019</ref> Its corporate parent, BPTC, is the city's main [[Beijing Bus|public bus]] operator.
#The {{ill|Beijing City Metro Ltd.|zh|京城地铁}} (北京京城地铁有限公司), also branded as "Capital Metro" (京城地铁) in their official logo,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://jcmetro.com/|title=京城地铁 ： 欢迎使用 京城地铁|access-date=August 12, 2019}}</ref> operates the [[Capital Airport Express]].<ref>[http://english.biitt.cn/Groups-5 "Beijing Metro" BII Railway Transportation Technology Holdings Company Limited website]</ref> Beijing City Metro Ltd. is a joint venture established on February 15, 2016, between Beijing Subway OpCo (51%) and BII Railway Transportation Technology Holdings Company Limited (49%)(京投轨道交通科技控股有限公司), a Hong Kong listed company (1522.HK) controlled by BIIC.<ref>[http://english.biitt.cn/AboutUs-1 "Company profile" BII Railway Transportation Technology Holdings Company Limited website] Accessed July 6, 2019</ref> On March 27, 2017, Beijing City Metro Ltd. acquired a 30-year right to operate the [[Capital Airport Express]] and sections of the Dongzhimen subway station.<ref>[http://english.biitt.cn/Business-35 "Rail transit operation" BII Railway Transportation Technology Holdings Company Limited website] Accessed July 6, 2019</ref>

==Rolling stock==
{{main|Beijing Subway Rolling Stock}}
All subway [[electric multiple unit|train sets]] run on {{convert|1435|mm}} [[standard gauge]] rail, except the [[maglev trains]] on [[S1 line (Beijing Subway)|Line S1]], which run on a maglev track.<ref name=maglev>{{cite web|language=zh-hans|url=http://discovery.163.com/10/0804/15/6D8LE4HC000125LI_mobile.html?f=jsearch|script-title=zh: 北京磁悬浮S1线西段通过环评 不会造成电磁污染|publisher=京华时报|date=August 4, 2010|access-date=February 8, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190209180231/http://discovery.163.com/10/0804/15/6D8LE4HC000125LI_mobile.html?f=jsearch|archive-date=February 9, 2019|url-status=dead}}</ref> Beijing Subway operates Type B trains on most lines. However, due to increasing congestion on the network, high capacity Type A trains are increasingly being used. Additionally, Type D trains are being used in express subway lines.

Until 2003 nearly all trains were manufactured by the [[CRRC Changchun Railway Vehicles|CRRC Changchun Railway Vehicles Co.,&nbsp;Ltd.]], now a division of the [[CRRC]].<ref>The M-series train that appeared on Lines 2 and 13 were made by Japan's [[Tokyu Car Corporation]] [https://web.archive.org/web/20160107073659/http://www.bk670.com/m/frame.php?frameon=yes&referer=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bk670.com%2Fm%2Fredirect.php%3Ftid%3D376%26goto%3Dlastpost "东急"] Accessed March 28, 2010</ref> The newest Line&nbsp;1 trains and those on Lines 4, 8, Batong, Changping and Daxing are made by [[CRRC Qingdao Sifang|CRRC Qingdao Sifang Co., Ltd.]]<ref>{{cite web|date=July 30, 2009|script-title=zh:中国南车中标北京地铁大兴线、八号线|url=http://www.ccmetro.com/newsite/readnews.aspx?id=51227|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110708125357/http://www.ccmetro.com/newsite/readnews.aspx?id=51227|archive-date=July 8, 2011|access-date=March 29, 2010|website=Ccmetro.com|language=zh-hans}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|date=December 31, 2009|script-title=zh:北京地铁再添"青岛造" 最高运营时速100公里|url=http://www.sd.xinhuanet.com/qd/2009-12/31/content_18645448.htm|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110718125936/http://www.sd.xinhuanet.com/qd/2009-12/31/content_18645448.htm|archive-date=July 18, 2011|access-date=March 29, 2010|publisher=[[Xinhua News]] Shandong|language=zh-hans}}</ref> Line S1's maglev trains were produced by [[CRRC Tangshan]].

The [[Beijing Subway Rolling Stock Equipment Co. Ltd.|Beijing Subway Rolling Stock Equipment Co.&nbsp;Ltd.]], a wholly owned subsidiary of the [[Beijing Mass Transit Railway Operation Corporation Limited|Beijing Mass Transit Railway Operation Corp.&nbsp;Ltd.]], provides local assemblage, maintenance and repair services.

{{Gallery
| title  = 
| footer =
| width  = 180
| height = 140
| lines  = 
| align= center
|file:DKZ5 H428, Line 13, Beijing Subway.JPG|Most [[Beijing Subway Rolling Stock|Beijing Subway rolling stock]], such as this DKZ5 Line 13 train, run on {{convert|1435|mm}} [[standard gauge]] track, drawing 750V [[direct current|direct current (DC)]] electrical power from the [[third rail]].  Line 13, like most lines, use six-car Type-B train sets. 
|file:204Tc1 at Zhangguozhuang Station (20150319155144).JPG| Lines 14 and 16 trains run on standard gauge track and draw 1500V DC power from [[Overhead line|overhead electrical lines]]. The DKZ53 train on Line 14 pictured above uses Type-A cars, which unlike the more common Type-B cars, are 3.1 meters longer and 20 cm wider, have 10 sets of doors instead of 8 sets of doors, greater passenger capacity and higher top speed.
|file:Beijing_Airport_Express.jpeg|The four-car train sets of the [[Capital Airport Express]] have [[linear motor]]s of instead of [[rotary motor]]s. Capital Airport Express trains draw 750V DC power from the third rail, and are propelled using the aluminum strip, a "fourth rail", between the main track. Capital Airport Express trains sets are lighter than subway cars with rotary motors and can reach a top speed of {{convert|110|km/h|abbr=on}}.
|file:S1 006 entering Shichang Station (20180109160516).jpg| [[S1 line (Beijing Subway)|Line S1]] features low-to-mid speed [[maglev]] trains that run on a maglev track and use 1,500 V DC power. The S1 maglev trains have six cars per train and can reach a top speed of {{convert|100|km/h|abbr=on}}.
|file:BJXJ20 at Yuxi Rd level crossing (20171110164830).jpg|The light rail transit trams on the [[Xijiao line|Xijiao (Western Suburban) line]] run on standard gauge track and draw power 750V [[alternating current|alternating current (AC)]] electrical power from overhead lines. The Xijiao line uses five-car trams and can reach a top speed of {{convert|70|km/h|abbr=on}}.}}

[[File:五里桥车辆段鸟瞰2.JPG|thumb|right|Subway rolling stock are maintained at depots such as the Wuliqiao Depot for Line 6.]]

=== Automated lines ===
There are 6 fully [[List of automated urban metro subway systems|automated]] lines at the level of [[List of automated urban metro subway systems#Grade-of-Automation 4 (GoA4)|GoA4]], including the [[Yanfang line]],  [[Line 17 (Beijing Subway)|Line 17]], [[Line 19 (Beijing Subway)|Line 19]], [[Daxing Airport Express]], [[Line 3 (Beijing Subway)|Line 3]] and [[Line 12 (Beijing Subway)|Line 12]], using domestically developed [[communications-based train control]] systems.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://bj.people.com.cn/n/2015/1118/c233088-27124680.html |title=北京6条地铁线将实现无人驾驶 首先将用于燕房线--北京频道--人民网 |access-date=March 3, 2019 |archive-date=November 19, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151119171127/http://bj.people.com.cn/n/2015/1118/c233088-27124680.html |url-status=dead }}</ref>

==History==
[[File:History of Beijing Subway en.gif|thumb|400px|right|Schema showing the development of the Beijing Subway from 1971 to 2018]]

===1953–1965: origins===
The subway was proposed in September 1953 by the city's planning committee and experts from the [[Soviet Union]].<ref name=autogenerated5>{{cite web |language=zh-hans |url=http://news.xinhuanet.com/theory/2007-09/28/content_6799411.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090116042425/http://news.xinhuanet.com/theory/2007-09/28/content_6799411.htm |url-status=dead |archive-date=January 16, 2009 |script-title=zh:北京地铁诞生记:周总理称筹建地铁是为备战 |publisher=Beijing Daily |date=September 28, 2007}}</ref> After the end of the [[Korean War]], Chinese leaders turned their attention to domestic reconstruction. They were keen to expand Beijing's mass transit capacity but also valued the subway as an asset for civil defense. They studied the use of the [[Moscow Metro]] to protect civilians, move troops and headquarter military command posts during the [[Battle of Moscow]], and planned the Beijing Subway for both civilian and military use.<ref name=autogenerated5/>

At that time, the Chinese lacked expertise in building subways and drew heavily on Soviet and [[East Germany|East German]] technical assistance. In 1954, a delegation of Soviet engineers, including some who had built the Moscow Metro, was invited to plan the subway in Beijing.<ref name=autogenerated5/> From 1953 to 1960, several thousand Chinese university students were sent to the Soviet Union to study subway construction.<ref name=autogenerated5/> An early plan unveiled in 1957 called for one ring route and six other lines with 114 stations and {{convert|172|km|abbr=on}} of track.<ref name=autogenerated5/> Two routes vied for the first to be built. One ran east–west from Wukesong to Hongmiao, underneath Changan Avenue. The other ran north–south from the Summer Palace to [[Zhongshan Park]], via Xizhimen and Xisi. The former was chosen due to more favorable geological foundation and greater number of government bureaus served. The second route would not be built until construction on Line&nbsp;4 began forty years later.

The original proposal called for deep subway tunnels that can better serve military functions.<ref name=PeoplesDaily2019.10.12>{{cite web |language=zh-hans |url=https://finance.sina.com.cn/china/gncj/2019-10-12/doc-iicezuev1585707.shtml |script-title=zh:经过半个世纪 我国城市轨道交通运营里程超4900公里 |publisher=People's Daily|date=October 12, 2019}}</ref> Between [[Gongzhufen]] and [[Muxidi]], shafts as deep as {{convert|120|m|ft||abbr=on}} were being dug.<ref name=PeoplesDaily2019.10.12/> The [[Arsenalna (Kyiv Metro)|world's deepest subway station]] at the time in the [[Kyiv Metro]] was only {{convert|100|m|ft||abbr=on}} deep.<ref name=PeoplesDaily2019.10.12/> But Beijing's high [[water table]] and high [[Hydraulic head|pressure head]] of ground water which complicated construction and posed risk of leakage, and along with the inconvenience of transporting passengers long distances from the surface, led the authorities to abandon the deep tunnel plan in May 1960 in favor of [[Tunnel construction|cut-and-cover]] shallow tunnels some {{convert|20|m|ft||abbr=on}} below the surface.<ref name=PeoplesDaily2019.10.12/>

The [[Sino-Soviet Split|deterioration of relations between China and Soviet Union]] disrupted subway planning. Soviet experts began to leave in 1960, and were completely withdrawn by 1963.<ref name=autogenerated6>[https://web.archive.org/web/20090114050613/http://news.xinhuanet.com/theory/2007-09/28/content_6799411_1.htm News.xinhuanet.com] ''Id.'' Part 2</ref> In 1961, the entire project was halted temporarily due to [[Great Chinese Famine|severe hardships]] caused by the [[Great Leap Forward]]. Eventually, planning work resumed. The route of the initial line was shifted westward to create an underground conduit to move personnel from the heart of the capital to the Western Hills. On February&nbsp;4, 1965, Chairman [[Mao Zedong]] personally approved the project.<ref name="1965-1970">{{cite web |language=zh-hans |url=http://bjjs.beijing.cn/fuwu/bjdthgzw/n214083783.shtml |script-title=zh:1965 -- 1970年 地铁大事记 |publisher=Beijing Subway |date=April 24, 2009 |access-date=April 29, 2014 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20140429171820/http://bjjs.beijing.cn/fuwu/bjdthgzw/n214083783.shtml |archive-date=April 29, 2014 |url-status=dead  }}</ref>

===1965–1981: the slow beginning===
[[File:YUQUANLU Station 20181117.jpg|thumb|right|Yuquanlu Station, Opened on August 5, 1971. The first phase of the Beijing subway project groundbreaking ceremony was held west of Yuquanlu Road.]]
[[File:前门站2号线出入口.JPG|thumb|right|Many areas of Beijing's city walls were torn down during the construction of the subway. The route of the initial subway line was slightly altered to save the [[Qianmen]] gate.]]
Construction began on July&nbsp;1, 1965, at a [[groundbreaking]] ceremony attended by several national leaders including [[Zhu De]], [[Deng Xiaoping]], and Beijing mayor [[Peng Zhen]].<ref>The ceremony was not publicized at the time because the project was classified for its national security implications.</ref> The most controversial outcome of the initial subway line was the demolition of the Beijing's historic [[Beijing city fortifications|inner city wall]] to make way for the subway. Construction plans for the subway from Fuxingmen to the Beijing Railway Station called for the removal of the wall, as well as the gates and archery towers at Hepingmen, Qianmen, and Chongwenmen. Leading architect [[Liang Sicheng]] argued for protecting the wall as a landmark of the ancient capital. Chairman Mao favored demolishing the wall over demolishing homes. In the end, Premier [[Zhou Enlai]] managed to preserve several walls and gates, such as the Qianmen gate and its arrow tower by slightly altering the course of the subway.<ref>{{cite web |language=zh-hans |url=http://news.xinhuanet.com/theory/2007-09/28/content_6799411_2.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090114071715/http://news.xinhuanet.com/theory/2007-09/28/content_6799411_2.htm |url-status=dead |archive-date=January 14, 2009 |script-title=zh:北京地铁诞生记:周总理称筹建地铁是为备战 |publisher=Beijing Daily |date=September 28, 2008}}</ref>
{{multiple image
 | align = left
 | direction = vertical
 | header = Plans of the Beijing Subway network
 | image1 = Map of Beijing Subway 1965 construction plan.png
 | width1 = 250
 | caption1  = 1965 Plan
 | image2 = Map of Beijing Subway 1973 system plan.png
 | width2 = 250
 | caption2  = 1973 Plan
 | image3 = Map of Beijing Subway 1983 system plan.png
 | width3 = 250
 | caption3  = 1983 Plan
 | image4 = Map of Beijing Subway 1993 system plan.png
 | width4 = 250
 | caption4  = 1993 Plan}}
The initial line was completed and began trial operations in time to mark the 20th [[National Day of the People's Republic of China|anniversary of the founding of the People's Republic]] on October&nbsp;1, 1969.<ref name="1965-1970"/><ref>The initial line, originally slated for completion by 1968, was delayed by the onset of the [[Cultural Revolution]]. The original director of the project, General [[Yang Yong (general)|Yang Yong]] and much of the city government were purged in 1967. [http://vip.book.sina.com.cn/book/chapter_37383_18792.html] "{{lang|zh-hans|杨勇小传(5)}}" in "{{lang|zh-hans|毛泽东瞩目的著名将帅（二）}}" (2003)</ref> It ran {{convert|21|km|abbr=on}} from [[Gucheng station|Gucheng]] to the [[Beijing Railway Station]] and had 16 stations.<ref name="1965-1970"/> This line forms parts of present-day Lines 1 and&nbsp;2. It was the first subway to be built in China, and predates the metros of [[MTR|Hong Kong]], [[Seoul Metropolitan Subway|Seoul]], [[Mass Rapid Transit (Singapore)|Singapore]], [[Bay Area Rapid Transit|San Francisco]], and [[Washington Metro|Washington,&nbsp;D.C.]], but technical problems would plague the project for the next decade.

[[File:Beijing Subway in Construction - satellite image (1967-09-20).jpg|thumb|right|400px|Satellite image of the construction of initial line shot by US spy satellite [[KH-4B|Corona KH-4B]] on September 20, 1967.]]
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 | image1 = Fushouling Station Entrance.jpg
 | width1 = 170
 | caption1  = Entrance to the [[Fushouling station]], once designated terminus of Line 1 but wasn't opened to the public. The station will eventually open in 2024.
| image2 = Exit B1, Wukesong Station, Beijing Metro.jpg
 | width2 = 230
 | caption2 = Entrance to the [[Wukesong station]] on [[Line 1 (Beijing Subway)|Line 1]] }}

Initially, the subway hosted guest visits.<ref name="1965-1970"/> On November 11, 1969, an electrical fire killed three people, injured over 100 and destroyed two cars.<ref name="1965-1970"/> Premier [[Zhou Enlai]] placed the subway under the control of the [[People's Liberation Army]] in early 1970, but reliability problems persisted.<ref name="1965-1970"/>

On January&nbsp;15, 1971, the initial line began operation on a trial basis between the [[Beijing railway station]] and {{stl|BJS|Gongzhufen}}.<ref name="1971 to 1980">{{cite web |language=zh-hans |url=http://bjjs.beijing.cn/fuwu/bjdthgzw/n214083785.shtml |script-title=zh:1971 -- 1980年 地铁大事记 |publisher=Beijing Subway |date=April 24, 2009 |access-date=April 29, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140429210247/http://bjjs.beijing.cn/fuwu/bjdthgzw/n214083785.shtml |archive-date=April 29, 2014 |url-status=dead  }}</ref> Single ride fare was set at [[Renminbi|¥]]0.10 and only members of the public with credential letters from their work units could purchase tickets.<ref name="1971 to 1980"/> The line was {{convert|10.7|km|abbr=on}} in length, had 10 stations and operated more than 60 train trips per day with a minimum wait time of 14 minutes.<ref name="1971 to 1980"/> On August 15, the initial line was extended to {{stl|BJS|Yuquanlu}} and had 13 stations over {{convert|15.6|km|abbr=on}}.<ref name="1971 to 1980"/> On November 7, the line was extended again, to Gucheng Lu, and had 16 stations over {{convert|22.87|km|abbr=on}}.<ref name="1971 to 1980"/> The number of trains per day rose to 100. Overall, the line delivered 8.28&nbsp;million rides in 1971, averaging 28,000 riders per day.<ref name="1971 to 1980"/>

From 1971 to 1975, the subway was shut down for 398 days for political reasons.{{efn|From August 12, 1973, to June 30, 1974, and in January 1975, the subway was closed due to defense mobilization.<ref name=1980s>{{cite web |language=zh-hans |url=http://www.bjsubway.com/content/inner.jsp?sid=358&cid=1448&infoid=2977 |script-title=zh:地铁公司1971 -- 1980年 |publisher=Beijing Subway |access-date=July 21, 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071203031158/http://www.bjsubway.com/content/inner.jsp?sid=358&cid=1448&infoid=2977 |archive-date=December 3, 2007 |url-status=dead }}</ref> It was closed from September 13 to November 6, 1971, in the aftermath of the [[Lin Biao incident]] and on September 18, 1976, after the death of Chairman Mao.<ref name=1980s/>}} On December 27, 1972, the riders no longer needed to present credential letters to purchase tickets.<ref name="1971 to 1980"/> In 1972, the subway delivered 15 million rides and averaged 41,000 riders per day.<ref name="1971 to 1980"/> In 1973, the line was extended to {{stl|BJS|Pingguoyuan}} and reached {{convert|23.6|km|abbr=on}} in length with 17 stations and 132 train trips per day.<ref name="1971 to 1980"/> The line delivered 11 million rides in 1973, averaging 54,000 riders per day.<ref name="1971 to 1980"/>

Despite its return to civilian control in 1976, the subway remained prone to closures due to fires, flooding, and accidents. Annual ridership grew from 22.2 million in 1976 and 28.4 million in 1977 to 30.9 million in 1978, and 55.2 million in 1980.<ref name="1971 to 1980"/>

===1981–2000: two lines for two decades===
On April 20, 1981, the [[Beijing Mass Transit Railway Operation Corporation Limited|Beijing Subway Company]], then a subsidiary of the Beijing Public Transportation Company, was organized to take over subway operations.<ref name="1981-1990"/> On September 15, 1981, the initial line passed its final inspections, and was handed over to the Beijing Subway Company, ending a decade of trial operations.<ref name="1981-1990">{{cite web |language=zh-hans |url=http://bjjs.beijing.cn/fuwu/bjdthgzw/n214083786.shtml |script-title=zh:1981 -- 1990年 地铁大事记 |publisher=Beijing Subway |date=April 24, 2009 |access-date=April 29, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140429205916/http://bjjs.beijing.cn/fuwu/bjdthgzw/n214083786.shtml |archive-date=April 29, 2014 |url-status=dead  }}</ref> It had 19 stations and ran {{convert|27.6|km|abbr=off}} from Fushouling in the [[Western Hills]] to the Beijing railway station.<ref name="1981-1990"/> Investment in the project totaled ¥706 million. Annual ridership rose from 64.7 million in 1981 and 72.5 million in 1982 to 82 million in 1983.<ref name="1981-1990"/>

[[File:北京地鐵紙票.jpg|thumb|left|140px|Paper tickets for Lines 1 & 2]]

On September 20, 1984, a second line was opened to the public.<ref name="1981-1990"/> This horseshoe-shaped line was created from the eastern half of the initial line and corresponds to the southern half of the present-day Line&nbsp;2.<ref name="1981-1990"/> It ran {{convert|16.1|km|abbr=on}} from {{stl|BJS|Fuxingmen}} to {{stl|BJS|Jianguomen}} with 16 stations.<ref name="1981-1990"/> Ridership reached 105&nbsp;million in 1985.<ref name="1981-1990"/>

[[Image:Wangfujing station 02.jpg|thumb|180px|right|Entrance to the Wangfujing Station on Line&nbsp;1. The Wangfujing station opened in 1999 as part of Line&nbsp;1's eastward extension from Fuxingmen.]]

On December&nbsp;28, 1987, the two existing lines were reconfigured into Lines&nbsp;1, which ran from Pingguoyuan to Fuxingmen and Line&nbsp;2, in its current loop, tracing the [[Ming Dynasty|Ming]] city wall.<ref name="1981-1990"/> Fares doubled to ¥0.20 for single-line rides and ¥0.30 for rides with transfers.<ref name="1981-1990"/> Ridership reached 307 million in 1988.<ref name="1981-1990"/> The subway was closed from June&nbsp;3–4, 1989 during the suppression of the [[Tiananmen Square protests of 1989|Tiananmen Square demonstrations]]. In 1990, the subway carried more than one million riders per day for the first time, as total ridership reached 381 million.<ref name="1981-1990"/> After a fare hike to ¥0.50 in 1991, annual ridership declined slightly to 371 million.

On January 26, 1991, planning began on the eastward extension of Line&nbsp;1 under [[Chang'an Avenue]] from Fuxingmen.<ref name="History1991-1993"/> The project was funded by a 19.2 billion [[Japanese yen|yen]] low-interest [[International economic cooperation policy of Japan|development assistance loan]] from Japan.<ref name="History1991-1993">{{cite web |language=zh-hans |url=http://bjjs.beijing.cn/fuwu/bjdthgzw/n214083789.shtml |script-title=zh:地铁公司1991 -- 2000年 |publisher=Beijing Subway |date=April 24, 2009 |access-date=May 31, 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101031063330/http://bjjs.beijing.cn/fuwu/bjdthgzw/n214083789.shtml |archive-date=October 31, 2010 |url-status=dead  }} P1:1991-1993</ref> Construction began on the eastern extension on June&nbsp;24, 1992, and the [[Xidan station]] opened on December&nbsp;12, 1992.<ref name="History1991-1993"/> The remaining extension to {{stl|BJS|Sihui East}} was completed on September&nbsp;28, 1999.<ref name="History1994-1997">{{cite web |language=zh-hans |url=http://bjjs.beijing.cn/fuwu/bjdthgzw/n214083789_1.shtml |script-title=zh:地铁公司1991 -- 2000年 |publisher=Beijing Subway |date=April 24, 2009 |access-date=May 31, 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110707013249/http://bjjs.beijing.cn/fuwu/bjdthgzw/n214083789_1.shtml |archive-date=July 7, 2011 |url-status=dead  }} P2: 1994-1997</ref> National leaders [[Wen Jiabao]], [[Jia Qinglin]], [[Yu Zhengsheng]] and mayor [[Liu Qi (politician, born 1942)|Liu Qi]] were on hand to mark the occasion.<ref name="History1994-1997"/> The full-length of Line 1 became operational on June&nbsp;28, 2000.<ref name="History1998-2000"/>

Despite little track expansion in the early 1990s, ridership grew rapidly to reach a record high of 558 million in 1995, but fell to 444 million the next year when fares rose from ¥0.50 to ¥2.00. After fares rose again to ¥3.00 in 2000, annual ridership fell to 434 million from 481 million in 1999.<ref name="History1998-2000">{{cite web |language=zh-hans |url=http://bjjs.beijing.cn/fuwu/bjdthgzw/n214083789_2.shtml |script-title=zh:地铁公司1991 -- 2000年 |publisher=Beijing Subway |date=April 24, 2009 |access-date=May 31, 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110707013259/http://bjjs.beijing.cn/fuwu/bjdthgzw/n214083789_2.shtml |archive-date=July 7, 2011 |url-status=dead  }} P3:1998-2000</ref>

===2001–2008: planning for the Olympics===
In the summer of 2001, the city won the [[Bids for the 2008 Summer Olympics|bid to host]] the [[2008 Summer Olympics]] and accelerated plans to expand the subway. From 2002 to 2008, the city planned to invest ¥63.8 billion (US$7.69 billion) in subway projects and build an ambitious subway network. The plan, termed "three ring, four horizontal, five vertical and seven radial" in 2007, consisted of 19 lines:<ref>{{cite news |title=2015年北京轨道交通总里程将达561公里 |url=https://news.cctv.com/financial/20070526/100766.shtml |agency=Xinhua |date=26 May 2007}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://2008.163.com/07/1210/13/3VBTLGJO007426FT.html |script-title=zh:北京十条地铁同时建 将实现三环四横五纵七放射_网易奥运 |website=2008.163.com |publisher=[[163.com]] |access-date=February 10, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180210180157/http://2008.163.com/07/1210/13/3VBTLGJO007426FT.html |archive-date=February 10, 2018 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
* Three ring lines: [[Line 2 (Beijing Subway)|2]], [[Line 10 (Beijing Subway)|10]] and [[Line 13 (Beijing Subway)|13]]
* Four horizontal lines: [[Line 1 (Beijing Subway)|1]], [[Line 6 (Beijing Subway)|6]], [[Line 7 (Beijing Subway)|7]], [[Line 14 (Beijing Subway)|14 (West)]]
* Five vertical lines: [[Line 4 (Beijing Subway)|4]], [[Line 5 (Beijing Subway)|5]], [[Line 8 (Beijing Subway)|8]], [[Line 9 (Beijing Subway)|9]], [[Line 14 (Beijing Subway)|14 (East)]]
* Seven radial lines: [[Batong line|Batong]], [[Changping line|Changping]], [[Daxing line|Daxing]], [[Fangshan line|Fangshan]], [[Line 15 (Beijing Subway)|Shunyi (Line 15)]], [[Yizhuang line|Yizhuang]], [[Line S1 (Beijing Subway)|Line S1]]

Work on Line&nbsp;5 had already begun on September&nbsp;25, 2000.<ref>{{cite web |language=zh-hans |url=http://www.bjsubway.com/content/inner.jsp?sid=358&cid=1448&infoid=2972 |script-title=zh:1991&nbsp;– 2000年 地铁大事记<!--118--> |access-date=July 21, 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081204122046/http://www.bjsubway.com/content/inner.jsp?sid=358&cid=1448&infoid=2972 |archive-date=December 4, 2008 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Land clearing for Lines 4 and 10 began in November 2003 and construction commenced by the end of the year.<ref>{{cite web |language=zh-hans |url=http://news.sohu.com/88/07/news215570788.shtml |script-title=zh:北京地铁四号、十号线年底开工 征地拆迁已启动"] November 14, 2003}}</ref> Most new subway construction projects were funded by loans from the [[Big Four (banks)|Big Four]] state banks. Line&nbsp;4 was funded by the Beijing MTR Corporation, a joint-venture with the [[MTR|Hong Kong MTR]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.iht.com/articles/2005/02/27/bloomberg/sxmtr.php |title=H.K. subway operator seeks Beijing projects |publisher=International Herald Tribune |date=March 29, 2009 |access-date=January 5, 2011}}</ref> To achieve plans for 19 lines and {{convert|561|km|abbr=on}} by 2015, the city planned to invest a total of ¥200 billion ($29.2 billion).<ref name=autogenerated7>{{cite web |language=zh-hans |url=http://dycj.ynet.com/article.jsp?oid=45277146 |script-title=zh:到2015年北京地铁建设静态投资将达2000亿元 |publisher={{lang|zh-hans|第一财经日报}} |access-date=January 25, 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110718141917/http://dycj.ynet.com/article.jsp?oid=45277146 |archive-date=July 18, 2011 |url-status=dead  |date=October 29, 2008}}</ref>

{{Gallery
| title  = 
| footer =
| width  = 200
| height = 150
| lines  = 
| align= center
|file:Line 13 Train DKZ5 H426, Beijing Subway 20120403.jpg|Line 13 train between {{stl|BJS|Wudaokou}} and {{stl|BJS|Shangdi}}
|file:Beijing Subway Longze station.jpg|Line 13 station at {{stl|BJS|Longze}}.  Line 13 opened in two parts in 2002 and 2003.
|file:Beijing Subway Shuangqiao BT New Trainset.jpg|A model SFX01 [[Batong line]] train at {{stl|BJS|Shuangqiao}}. The Batong line opened in Dec. 2003
}}

The next additions to the subway were surface commuter lines that linked to the north and east of the city. [[Line 13 (Beijing Subway)|Line&nbsp;13]], a half loop that links the northern suburbs, first opened on the western half from Huilongguan to Xizhimen on September&nbsp;28, 2002 and the entire line became operational on January&nbsp;28, 2003.<ref>{{cite web |language=zh-hans |url=http://www.bjsubway.com/content/inner.jsp?sid=358&cid=1448&infoid=2971 |script-title=zh:2001&nbsp;– 2004年 地铁大事记 |access-date=July 21, 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071203031137/http://www.bjsubway.com/content/inner.jsp?sid=358&cid=1448&infoid=2971 |archive-date=December 3, 2007 |url-status=dead  }}</ref> [[Batong line]], built as an extension to Line&nbsp;1 to [[Tongzhou District, Beijing|Tongzhou District]], was opened as a separate line on December&nbsp;27, 2003.<ref>''Id.''</ref> Work on these two lines had begun respectively in December 1999 and 2000.<ref>{{cite web |language=zh-hans |url=http://www.bjsubway.com/content/inner.jsp?sid=358&cid=1448&infoid=2972 |script-title=zh:1991&nbsp;– 2000年 地铁大事记<!-- 103 & 122--> |access-date=July 21, 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081204122046/http://www.bjsubway.com/content/inner.jsp?sid=358&cid=1448&infoid=2972 |archive-date=December 4, 2008 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Ridership hit 607 million in 2004.

[[Line 5 (Beijing Subway)|Line 5]] came into operation on October&nbsp;7, 2007. It was the city's first north–south line, extending from {{stl|BJS|Songjiazhuang}} in the south to {{stl|BJS|Tiantongyuan}} in the north. On the same day, subway fares were reduced from between ¥3 and ¥7 per trip, depending on the line and number of transfers, to a single flat fare of ¥2 with unlimited transfers. The lower fare policy caused the Beijing Subway to run a deficit of ¥600 million in 2007, which was expected to widen to ¥1&nbsp;billion in 2008.<ref name=autogenerated7 /> The Beijing municipal government covered these deficits to encourage mass transit use, and reduce traffic congestion and air pollution. On a total of 655 million rides delivered in 2007, the government's subsidy averaged ¥0.92 per ride.<ref>{{cite web |language=zh-hans |url=http://www.cnradio.com.cn/2004news/internal/200801/t20080102_504668867.html |script-title=zh:2007年北京地铁运送乘客6.55亿人次 |publisher=中广网 |date=January 2, 2008}}</ref>

{{Gallery
| title  = 
| footer =
| width  = 200
| height = 150
| lines  = 
| align= center
|file:Outside Tiantongyuan Station.jpg|Elevated Line 5 station and platform at Tiantongyuan. Line&nbsp;5 opened on Oct.&nbsp;7, 2007.
|file:Beitucheng Station D1 (1).jpg|[[Beitucheng station]] for Lines 8 and 10, which along with the [[Capital Airport Express]], opened on July&nbsp;19, 2008.
|file:北京地铁森林公园南门站.jpg|Each of the four original stations on the Olympic Branch Line (Line&nbsp;8) has a unique interior decor style. (Pictured: {{stl|BJS|South Gate of Forest Park}})
}}

As part of the urban re-development for the 2008 Olympics, the subway system was significantly expanded.<ref name=":02">{{Cite book |last=Hu |first=Richard |title=Reinventing the Chinese City |date=2023 |publisher=[[Columbia University Press]] |isbn=978-0-231-21101-7 |location=New York}}</ref>{{Rp|page=137}}In the summer of 2008, in anticipation of the Summer Olympic Games, three new lines—[[Line 10 (Beijing Subway)|Line 10]] (Phase 1), [[Line 8 (Beijing Subway)|Line 8]] (Phase 1) and the [[Capital Airport Express]]—opened on July&nbsp;19.<ref>[http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/china/2008-07/19/content_6861393.htm "Beijing opens three new subways ahead of Olympics" ''China Daily''] July 19, 2008</ref> The use of paper tickets, hand checked by clerks for 38 years, was discontinued and replaced by electronic tickets that are scanned by automatic fare collection machines upon entry and exit of the subway. Stations are outfitted with touch screen vending machines that sell single-ride tickets and multiple-ride ''[[Yikatong]]'' fare cards. The subway operated throughout the night from August&nbsp;8–9, 2008 to accommodate the Opening Ceremonies of the Olympic Games, and is extending evening operations of all lines by one to three hours (to&nbsp;1-2&nbsp;a.m.) through the duration of the Games.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://news.xinhuanet.com/olympics/2008-08/14/content_9297479.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080817161014/http://news.xinhuanet.com/olympics/2008-08/14/content_9297479.htm |url-status=dead |archive-date=August 17, 2008 |script-title=zh:北京地铁今起至23日延长运营时间 |publisher=Bjsubway.com |date=August 13, 2008}}</ref> The subway set a daily ridership record of 4.92&nbsp;million on August&nbsp;22, 2008, the day of the Games' [[2008 Summer Olympics closing ceremony|closing ceremony]].<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20090112071456/http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/2008-08/27/content_9723497.htm Beijing subway system busy during Olympics ''Xinhua''] August 27, 2008</ref> In 2008, total ridership rose by 75% to 1.2&nbsp;billion.<ref>{{cite web |language=zh-hans |url=http://www.bjsubway.com/cns/dtxw/yyzd/2009/01/01/3743.html |script-title=zh:北京地铁2008年运送乘客突破12亿人次 |publisher=Beijing Subway |access-date=January 3, 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090325040216/http://www.bjsubway.com/cns/dtxw/yyzd/2009/01/01/3743.html |archive-date=March 25, 2009 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

===2008–2015: rapid expansion===
After the Chinese government announced [[2008 Chinese economic stimulus plan|a ¥4 trillion economic stimulus package in November 2008]], the Beijing urban planning commission further expedited subway building plans, especially for elevated lines to suburban districts that are cheaper to build. In December 2008, the commission moved completion dates of the Yizhuang and Daxing Lines to 2010 from 2012, finalized the route of the Fangshan Line, and unveiled the Changping and Xijiao Lines.<ref>{{cite web |language=zh-hans |url=http://www.bjd.com.cn/bjxw/bjshengh/jtcx/200812/t20081211_495106.htm |author1=Zhang Nan |author2=Meng Huan |script-title=zh:西郊线通往香山两年内有望开通 |publisher=[[Beijing Evening News]] |date=December 11, 2008 |access-date=January 7, 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110607104633/http://www.bjd.com.cn/bjxw/bjshengh/jtcx/200812/t20081211_495106.htm |archive-date=June 7, 2011 |url-status=dead  }}</ref> 
{{Gallery
| title  = 
| footer =
| width  = 200
| height = 150
| lines  = 
| align= center
|file:Weigongcun Station Platform 20131105.JPG|All stations built since 2007 have platform doors, including the [[Weigongcun station]] on Line 4, which opened September 28, 2009.
|file:Exit D of Xisi Station 20181029.jpg|Entrance D to [[Xisi station]] on Line 4. Each station entrance has an entrance label
|file:Tracks on the north of Xihongmen Station.JPG|Tracks north of Xihongmen Station on the Daxing Line
|file:Viaduct of Fangshan Line.jpg|Elevated viaduct on the [[Fangshan Line, Beijing Subway|Fangshan Line]]
}}
[[Line 4 (Beijing Subway)|Line 4]] started operation on September&nbsp;28, 2009, bringing subway service to much of western Beijing.<ref>Line 4 was originally scheduled to be completed by the end of 2007 ''see'' (Chinese) [http://www.gzuda.gov.cn/news/view.asp?id=XW200502241606587305&fdID=CL200303051534051295&tbColor=&trColor= Gzuda.gov.cn] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110707033917/http://www.gzuda.gov.cn/news/view.asp?id=XW200502241606587305&fdID=CL200303051534051295&tbColor=&trColor= |date=July 7, 2011 }} "{{lang|zh-hans|北京地铁4号和10号线获审批2007年底投入运营}}" September 4, 2004; & [https://web.archive.org/web/20110707023826/http://www.bh.buaa.edu.cn/listdetail.php?sortid=585&newsid=4614 Bh.buaa.edu.cn]; {{lang|zh-hans|北京地铁4号线特许经营案例}} [https://web.archive.org/web/20090930222750/http://news.xinhuanet.com/life/2009-09/28/content_12119156.htm Xinhuanet.com] "{{lang|zh-hans|北京地铁4号线今日开通 站内设施服务全接触}}"</ref> It is managed by the [[MTR Corporation]] through a joint venture with the city. In 2009, the subway delivered 1.457&nbsp;billion rides,<ref>Including 1.372 billion passengers of eight lines operated by Beijing Subway Operating Company, and 52.60 million passengers of Line&nbsp;4 operated by Beijing MTR Corporation (Chinese){{cite web |url=http://www.bjsubway.com/dtxw/yyzd/2010-01-01/4917.shtml |script-title=zh:北京地铁公司为轨道交通大发展做好充分准备 |access-date=January 1, 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100110215653/http://www.bjsubway.com/dtxw/yyzd/2010-01-01/4917.shtml |archive-date=January 10, 2010 |url-status=dead }}; [https://web.archive.org/web/20110719143824/http://society.people.com.cn/GB/10698404.html "北京地铁4号线元旦期间运送乘客超过180万人次"] January 1, 2010</ref> 19.24% of mass transit trips in Beijing.<ref>{{cite web |language=zh-hans |url=http://business.sohu.com/20100323/n271038342.shtml |script-title=zh:谁的地铁，谁做主？ |publisher=财经文摘 |date=March 23, 2010}}</ref>
{{Gallery
| title  = 
| footer = On December 30, 2010, [[Line 15 (Beijing Subway)|Lines 15]], [[Changping line|Changping]], [[Fangshan line|Fangshan]], [[Yizhuang line|Yizhuang]] and [[Daxing line|Daxing]], all suburban lines, commenced operation.
| width  = 200
| height = 150
| lines  = 
| align= center
|file:新西二旗站外观.JPG|The Xi'erqi interchange for Lines 13 and Changping
|file:北京地铁沙河站.JPG|[[Shahe station (Beijing Subway)|Shahe station]] on the Changping line
|file:Outside Changyang station.jpg|[[Changyang station]] on the Fangshan line
|file:亦庄文化园站.jpg|[[Yizhuang Culture Park station]] on the Yizhuang Line
}}

In 2010, Beijing's worsening traffic congestion prompted city planners to move the construction of several lines from the 13th [[Five-Year Plans of the People's Republic of China|Five Year Plan]] to the 12th Five Year Plan. This meant Lines [[Line 8 (Beijing Subway)|8 (Phase&nbsp;III)]], {{lnl|BJS|3}}, {{lnl|BJS|12}}, {{lnl|BJS|16}}, the [[Yanfang line]], as well as additional lines to Changping District and [[Tiantongyuan]] were to begin construction before 2015.<ref>{{cite web |language=zh-hans |url=http://roll.sohu.com/20101231/n301634996.shtml |script-title=zh:北京10条地铁五年内开建 远郊进市区1小时(图) |publisher=[[Sohu]] |date=December 31, 2010}}</ref> Previously, Lines 3, 12 and 16 were being planned for the more distant future.<ref name="autogenerated2">{{cite web |language=zh-hans |url=http://house.china.com.cn/Market/view/17014.htm |script-title=zh:北京地铁15号线有望年内开工 |publisher=北京商报 |date=October 9, 2008 |access-date=October 12, 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081012012641/http://house.china.com.cn/Market/view/17014.htm |archive-date=October 12, 2008 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |language=zh-hans |url=http://www.gmw.cn/content/2009-01/15/content_878748.htm |script-title=zh:北京地铁西郊线确定设五站 |publisher=[[:zh:新京报|The Beijing News]] |date=January 15, 2009 |access-date=January 28, 2009 |archive-date=September 24, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924045218/http://www.gmw.cn/content/2009-01/15/content_878748.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref> On December 30, 2010, five suburban lines: [[Line 15, Beijing Subway|Lines 15]] (Phase I from {{stl|BJS|Wangjing West}} to {{stl|BJS|Houshayu}} except [[Wangjing East station]]), [[Changping Line, Beijing Subway|Changping]], [[Fangshan Line, Beijing Subway|Fangshan]] (except [[Guogongzhuang station]]), [[Yizhuang Line, Beijing Subway|Yizhuang]] (except [[Yizhuang railway station]]), and [[Daxing Line, Beijing Subway|Daxing]], commenced operation.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/usa/2010-12/31/content_11781739.htm|title=Chinadaily US Edition}}</ref> The addition of {{convert|108|km|abbr=on}} of track, a nearly 50% increase, made the subway [[List of metro systems|the fourth longest metro in the world]]. One year later, on December 31, 2011, the subway surpassed the [[New York City Subway]] to become the third longest metro in revenue track length with the extension of [[Line 8 (Beijing Subway)|Line 8]] north from the {{stl|BJS|Forest Park South Gate}} to {{stl|BJS|Huilongguan Dongdajie}}, the opening of [[Line 9 (Beijing Subway)|Line 9]] in southwest Beijing from [[Beijing West railway station]] to {{stl|BJS|Guogongzhuang}} (except {{stl|BJS|Fengtai Dongdajie}}, which opened on October 12, 2012), the extension of the Fangshan Line to Guogongzhuang, and the extension of [[Line 15 (Beijing Subway)|Line 15]] from {{stl|BJS|Houshayu}} to {{stl|BJS|Fengbo}} in central [[Shunyi District|Shunyi]].<ref>[http://usa.chinadaily.com.cn/china/2012-01/01/content_14367910.htm Xu Wei, "Beijing launches three new subway sections" ''China Daily''] January 1, 2012</ref> In the same year, the Beijing government unveiled an ambitious expansion plan envisioning the subway network to reach a track density of 0.51&nbsp;km per km<sup>2</sup> (0.82&nbsp;mi per sq. mi.) inside the [[Fifth Ring Road]] where residents would on average have to walk {{convert|1|km|abbr=on}} to the nearest subway station.<ref name="本市5年建成1—1—2交通圈">{{cite web |language=zh-hans |url=http://zhengwu.beijing.gov.cn/gzdt/bmdt/t1151969.htm |script-title=zh:本市5年建成"1—1—2"交通圈" |publisher=Beijing Municipal People's Government |date=January 21, 2011 |access-date=August 24, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130604030445/http://zhengwu.beijing.gov.cn/gzdt/bmdt/t1151969.htm |archive-date=June 4, 2013 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Ridership reached 2.18 billion in 2011.
{{Gallery
| title  = 
| footer =
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| lines  = 
| align= center
|file:南锣鼓巷站B口.jpg|[[Nanluoguxiang station]] on Line 6 blends into the traditional [[Siheyuan|courtyard]] neighborhood of central Beijing.
|file:鼓楼大街站8号线站厅.JPG|Line 8's concourse in [[Guloudajie station]] with drum-shaped lights inspired by nearby [[Gulou and Zhonglou (Beijing)|Drum Tower]].
|file:北京地铁北海北站2.JPG|Interior décor of [[Beihai North station]] evokes the white stupa of [[Beihai Park]].
}}
[[File:Guloudajie TVinterview.jpg|right|thumb| [[Beijing Television]] interviewed subway officials on December 30, 2012, when over 40 new stations were opened, and the subway temporarily surpassed the [[Shanghai Metro]] to be the longest in the world, only to be surpassed by Shanghai again a year later.]]

In February 2012, the city government confirmed that Lines {{lnl|BJS|3}}, {{lnl|BJS|12}}, {{lnl|BJS|17}}, and {{lnl|BJS|19}} were under planning as part of Phase II expansion.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.ndrc.gov.cn/gzdt/201509/W020150929497659204146.pdf |script-title=zh:北京市城市轨道交通第二期建设规划(2015～2021 年)|website=National Development and Reform Commission (NDRC)}}</ref> Retroactively implying that the original three ring, four horizontal, five vertical and seven radial plan was part of Phase I expansion. Line 17 was planned to run north–south, parallel and to the east of Line 5, from Future Science Park North to Yizhuang Zhanqianqu South.<ref name=bjwb201902>{{cite news|url=http://bjwb.bjd.com.cn/html/2019-02/27/content_7987816.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190328143658/http://bjwb.bjd.com.cn/html/2019-02/27/content_7987816.htm|title=编制轨道交通新一轮建设规划|url-status=dead|date=February 27, 2019|archive-date=March 28, 2019|work=[[Beijing Evening News]]}}</ref> Line 19 was planned to run north–south, from Mudanyuan to Xingong.<ref>{{cite web |language=zh-hans |url=http://politics.people.com.cn/n/2015/0827/c1001-27522828.html |script-title=zh:北京地铁19号线将设10座车站8座能换乘 年内开建 |publisher=[[Beijing Daily]] |date=August 27, 2015}}</ref>

[[file:Beijing Subway network during the 2008 Summer and 2022 Winter Olympic Games.png|400px|center|thumb|Beijing Subway network during the 2008 Summer and 2022 Winter Olympic Games]]

On December 30, 2012, [[Line 6 (Beijing Subway)|Line 6]] (Phase I from {{stl|BJS|Haidian Wuluju}} to {{stl|BJS|Caofang}}), the extension of Line 8 from {{stl|BJS|Beitucheng}} south to {{stl|BJS|Guloudajie}} (except {{stl|BJS|Andelibeijie}}), the remainder of Line 9 (except [[Military Museum station]]) and the remainder of the Line 10 loop (except the {{stl|BJS|Xiju}}-{{stl|BJS|Shoujingmao}} section and [[Jiaomen East station]]) entered service. The addition of {{convert|69.8|km|mi|0|abbr=on}} of track increased the network length to {{convert|442|km|mi|0|abbr=on}} and allowed the subway to overtake the [[Shanghai Metro]], for several months, as the [[List of metro systems|world's longest metro]].<ref name=vor>{{cite news |title=Beijing Subway largest in the world |url=http://english.ruvr.ru/2012_12_31/Beijing-Subway-largest-in-the-world/ |access-date=January 2, 2013 |newspaper=Voice of Russia |date=December 30, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130121014016/http://english.ruvr.ru/2012_12_31/Beijing-Subway-largest-in-the-world/ |archive-date=January 21, 2013 |url-status=dead }}</ref> The subway delivered 2.46 billion rides in 2012.<ref name=2012stats>{{cite web |url=http://www.bjstats.gov.cn/xwgb/tjgb/ndgb/201302/t20130207_243837.htm |script-title=zh:北京市2012年国民经济和社会发展统计公报 |date=February 7, 2013 |access-date=February 18, 2013 |publisher=Beijing Stats |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131003092900/http://www.bjstats.gov.cn/xwgb/tjgb/ndgb/201302/t20130207_243837.htm |archive-date=October 3, 2013 }}</ref>

On May 5, 2013, the Line 10 loop was completed with the opening of the Xiju-Shoujingmao section and the Jiaomen East Station.<ref name="Xinhua20130506"/> The {{convert|57|km|mi|0|abbr=on}} loop line became the longest underground subway loop in the world.<ref name="Xinhua20130506"/> On the same day, the first section of [[Line 14 (Beijing Subway)|Line 14]] from {{stl|BJS|Zhangguozhuang}} to Xiju also entered operation, ahead of the opening of the Ninth China International Garden Expo in Fengtai District.<ref name="Xinhua20130506"/> The subway's total length reached {{convert|456|km|mi|0|abbr=on}}.<ref name="Xinhua20130506">{{cite web |language=zh-hans |url= http://news.xinhuanet.com/fortune/2013-05/06/c_124667054.htm |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20130926195438/http://news.xinhuanet.com/fortune/2013-05/06/c_124667054.htm |url-status= dead |archive-date= September 26, 2013 |script-title=zh:北京地铁10号线一圈57公里 创地下铁之最 |work= xinhuanet.com |date=May 6, 2013}}</ref> On December 28, 2013, two sections were added to Line 8, which extended the line north to Zhuxinzhuang and south to Nanluoguxiang.<ref name="Line 8 2013-12-28">{{cite web |language=zh-hans |url=http://news.xinhuanet.com/energy/2013-12/25/c_125914982.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140105102222/http://news.xinhuanet.com/energy/2013-12/25/c_125914982.htm |url-status=dead |archive-date=January 5, 2014 |script-title=zh:京地铁8号线南北新线周六开通 中国美术馆站暂缓开通 |publisher=[[Beijing Evening News]] |website=[[Xinhua News]] |date=December 25, 2013}}</ref> In 2013, the subway delivered 3.209 billion rides, an increase of 30% from the year before.<ref name=2013stats>{{cite web |url=http://news.cnr.cn/native/gd/201401/t20140102_514555471.shtml |script-title=zh:北京地铁一年运客超32亿人次 同比增长近30% |author=Du Yan (杜燕) |publisher=中国新闻网 |date=January 2, 2014 |access-date=January 2, 2014}}</ref>

On December 28, 2014, the subway network expanded by {{convert|62.2|km|mi|abbr=on}} to 18 lines and {{convert|527|km|mi|abbr=on}} with the opening of Line 7, the eastern extension of line 6 (from {{stl|BJS|Caofang}} to {{stl|BJS|Lucheng}}), the eastern section of line 14 (from {{stl|BJS|Jintailu}} to {{stl|BJS|Shangezhuang}}), and the western extension of line 15 (from {{stl|BJS|Wangjing West}} to {{stl|BJS|Qinghuadongluxikou}}).<ref name="北京：4条地铁新线开通　轨道线路总里程达527公里">{{cite web |url=http://news.xinhuanet.com/local/2014-12/28/c_1113802022.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141228214150/http://news.xinhuanet.com/local/2014-12/28/c_1113802022.htm |url-status=dead |archive-date=December 28, 2014 |script-title=zh:北京：4条地铁新线开通 轨道线路总里程达527公里 |date=December 28, 2014 |access-date=December 28, 2014 |publisher=[[Xinhua News]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |language=zh-hans |url=http://bj.people.com.cn/n/2014/1226/c82840-23350503.html |script-title=zh:北京地铁4条新线全景图公布(图) |date=December 26, 2014 |access-date=January 17, 2015 |archive-date=December 27, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141227053717/http://bj.people.com.cn/n/2014/1226/c82840-23350503.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> At the same time, the ¥2 flat-rate fare was replaced with a variable-rate fare (a minimum of ¥3), to cover operation costs.<ref name=farehike20140925>{{cite web |url= http://edu.sina.com.cn/en/2014-09-25/123082376.shtml |script-title=zh:北京地铁平价时代终结 将按里程收费(双语) |date=September 25, 2014}}</ref> In 2014, the subway delivered 3.387 billion rides, an increase of 5.68% from the year before.<ref name = bjstats/> Average daily and weekday ridership also set new highs of 9.2786 million and 10.0876 million, respectively.<ref name=2014ridership>{{cite web |url=http://www.bii.com.cn/705-2063-5114.aspx |script-title=zh:北京市2015年暨"十二五"时期国民经济和社会发展统计公报 |date=February 15, 2016 |access-date=February 18, 2015 |publisher=北京市统计局 [Beijing Municipal Bureau of Statistics]  }}</ref>

From 2007 to 2014, the cost of subway construction in Beijing rose sharply from ¥0.571 billion per km to ¥1.007 billion per km.<ref name="2020 projection">{{cite web |language=zh-hans |url=http://news.china.com.cn/txt/2015-04/10/content_35301015.htm |author=Wei Fangchao (魏方超) |script-title=zh:北京地铁建设投入已达2500亿 每公里成本超10亿 |publisher=中国网 |date=April 10, 2015 |access-date=July 26, 2015 |archive-date=December 22, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151222080511/http://news.china.com.cn/txt/2015-04/10/content_35301015.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |language=zh-hans |url=http://finance.chinanews.com/cj/2015/06-30/7374524.shtml |script-title=zh:发改委：北京地铁每公里造价已超过10亿元 |publisher=中国新闻网 |date=June 30, 2015}}</ref> The cost includes land acquisition, compensation to relocate residents and firms, actual construction costs and equipment purchase. In 2014, city budgeted ¥15.5 billion for subway construction, and the remainder of subway building costs was financed by the Beijing Infrastructure Investment Co. LTD, a city-owned investment firm.<ref name="2020 projection"/>

In 2014, Beijing planning authorities assessed mass transit [[monorail]] lines for areas of the city in which subway construction or operation is difficult.<ref name="Monorail2014-02-24">{{cite web|script-title=zh:北京首条"空中小火车"拟今年开工|url=http://news.ifeng.com/mainland/detail_2014_02/24/34101001_0.shtml|publisher=[[:zh:新京报|The Beijing News]] February 24, 2014}}</ref> Straddle beam monorail trains have lower transport capacity and operating speed ({{convert|60|km/h|0|disp=or|abbr=on}}) than conventional subways, but are quieter to operate, have smaller turning radius and better climbing capability, and cost only one-third to one-half of subways to build.<ref name="Monorail2014-02-24" /><ref name="East4thRingRoad2012-02-24">{{cite web|date=February 24, 2012|script-title=zh:北京建空中东四环：跨座式单轨 造价为地铁1/3|url=http://news.sohu.com/20140224/n395548523.shtml|publisher=[[:zh:法制晚报|法制晚报]]}}</ref> According to the initial environmental assessment report by the Chinese Academy of Rail Sciences, the Yuquanlu Line was planned to have 21 stations over {{convert|25|km|abbr=on}} in western Beijing.<ref name="Monorail Yuquan Lu Line Report">{{cite web|date=January 7, 2014|script-title=zh:北京轨道交通玉泉路线工程环境影响评价公众参与第一次公示 - 中国铁道科学研究院新闻中心通知公告正文|url=http://home.rails.com.cn/news.php?id=41452}}</ref> The line was to begin construction in 2014 and would take two years to complete.<ref name="Monorail2014-02-24" /> The Dongsihuan Line (named for the Eastern Fourth Ring Road it was to follow) was planned to have 21 stations over {{convert|33.7|km|abbr=on}}.<ref>{{cite web|title=总体总包项目|url=http://www.bmedi.cn/zyly/gdjtgc/zongtizongbaoxiangmu/dong4huanxian.html|archive-url=https://archive.today/20210313141005/http://www.bmedi.cn/zyly/gdjtgc/zongtizongbaoxiangmu/dong4huanxian.html|archive-date=March 13, 2021}}</ref><ref name="East4thRingRoad2012-02-24" />

In early 2015, plans for both monorail lines were shelved indefinitely, due to low capacity and resident opposition.<ref name="MonorailCanceled">[http://www.fireinews.com/news-9485576.html Beijing canceled air train monorail line construction program] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150518091300/http://www.fireinews.com/news-9485576.html |date=May 18, 2015 }} February 3, 2015</ref> The Yuquanlu Line remains on the city's future transportation plan, and it will be built as a conventional underground subway line. The Dongsihuan Line was replaced by the East extension of [[Line 7 (Beijing Subway)|Line 7]].<ref>{{cite web|date=August 25, 2015|title=单轨东四环线方案搁浅 7号线将东延至环球影城|trans-title=Monorail Dongsihuan Line proposal shelved, Line 7 to be extended east to [[Universal Beijing Resort]]|url=http://www.chinanews.com/gn/2015/08-25/7488148.shtml|archive-url=https://archive.today/20210831103719/http://www.chinanews.com/gn/2015/08-25/7488148.shtml|archive-date=August 31, 2021}}</ref>

On December 26, 2015, the subway network expanded to {{convert|554|km|mi|abbr=on}} with the opening of the section of [[Line 14 (Beijing Subway)|Line 14]] from [[Beijing South Railway Station (Beijing Subway)|Beijing South railway station]] to {{stl|BJS|Jintailu}} (11 stations; {{convert|16.6|km|mi|abbr=on}}), Phase II of the [[Changping line]] from {{stl|BJS|Nanshao}} to {{stl|BJS|Changping Xishankou}} (5 stations; {{convert|10.6|km|disp=or|abbr=on}}), [[Andelibeijie station]] on [[Line 8 (Beijing Subway)|Line 8]], and [[Datunlu East station]] on [[Line 15 (Beijing Subway)|Line 15]].<ref name=Xinhua20151226>{{cite web |language=zh-hans |url=http://news.xinhuanet.com/local/2015-12/26/c_1117588231.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160105054102/http://news.xinhuanet.com/local/2015-12/26/c_1117588231.htm |url-status=dead |archive-date=January 5, 2016 |author=Ding Jing (丁静) |script-title=zh:北京地铁14号线中段、昌平线二期开通试运营 |publisher=[[Xinhua News]] |date=December 26, 2015}}</ref> Ridership in 2015 fell by 4% to 3.25 billion due to a fare increase from a flat fare back to a distance based fare.<ref name=bjstats>{{cite web |url=http://www.bjstats.gov.cn/sjjd/jjxs/201602/t20160215_336835.htm |script-title=zh:北京市2014年国民经济和社会发展统计公报 |date=February 12, 2014 |access-date=February 12, 2015 |publisher=北京市统计局 [Beijing Municipal Bureau of Statistics]  |archive-date=March 12, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160312040630/http://www.bjstats.gov.cn/sjjd/jjxs/201602/t20160215_336835.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref>
{{Gallery
| title  = 
| footer =
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| lines  = 
| align= center
|file:Construction site of L8 Yongdingmenwai Station (20180301154745).jpg|Line 8 construction site at [[Yongdingmenwai station|Yongdingmenwai]] in March 2018, next to Beijing's central north-south axis. 
|file:Construction site of L3 Dongsi Shitiao Station (20171207123519).jpg|Enclosed construction site of Line 3 at [[Dongsi Shitiao station|Dongsishitiao]] along the [[2nd Ring Road]] in December 2017.
|file:MTG Line viaduct near Shimenying (20170308153907).jpg|Viaduct of the S1 Line near [[Shichang station|Shichang]] under construction in March 2017. 
|file:Construction of West Gate of Summer Palace Station (20170524172112).jpg|[[West Gate of Summer Palace station|West Gate of Summer Palace]] on the Xijiao light rail line under construction in May 2017.
}}

===2015–present: Phase II projects===
With the near completion of the three ring, four horizontal, five vertical and seven radial subway network, work began on Phase II expansion projects. These new extensions and lines were expected to be operational in 2019–2021.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|url=http://news.sina.com.cn/gov/2018-01-26/doc-ifyqzcxf7448648.shtml |script-title=zh:首次披露 北京地铁未来5-10年这样建……|website=news.sina.com.cn|date=January 26, 2018|access-date=February 10, 2018}}</ref> The following lines were included in the approved Phase II construction plans:<ref>{{cite web |title=北京市城市轨道交通第二期建设规划（2015～2021年） |url=https://geodata.pku.edu.cn/index.php?c=content&a=show&id=631 |website=Peking University Geographic Data Platform}}</ref>
*[[Line 3 (Beijing Subway)|Line 3]]
*[[Line 12 (Beijing Subway)|Line 12]]
*[[Line 17 (Beijing Subway)|Line 17]]
*[[Line 19 (Beijing Subway)|Line 19]]: Phase 1
*[[Line 7 (Beijing Subway)|Line 7]]: Phase 2 (eastern extension)
*[[Line 8 (Beijing Subway)|Line 8]]: Phase 4
*[[Capital Airport Express]]: Phase 2 (western extension)
*[[Fangshan line]]: Phase 2 (northern extension)
*[[Changping line]]: Phase 2 (southern extension)
*[[Batong line]]: Phase 2 (southern extension)
*[[Line 22 (Beijing Subway)|Line 22]]
*[[Line 28 (Beijing Subway)|CBD line]]

On December 9, 2016, construction started on {{convert|126|km|abbr=on}} of new line with the southern extension of Batong Line, the southern extension of Changping line, the Pinggu line, phase one of the New Airport line, and [[Line 3 (Beijing Subway)|Line 3]] Phase I breaking ground.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://english.cri.cn/12394/2016/12/09/1461s946955.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161210130737/http://english.cri.cn/12394/2016/12/09/1461s946955.htm|url-status=dead|archive-date=December 10, 2016|title=Beijing starts building five more subway lines|last1=Jin|first1=Zhang|website=CRIenglish.com|publisher=China Radio International|access-date=December 14, 2016}}</ref>  The northern section of [[Line 16 (Beijing Subway)|Line 16]] opened on December 31, 2016. Ridership reached a new high of 3.66 billion.<ref name=2016ridership>{{cite web|url=https://www.chinanews.com/sh/2017/01-20/8130230.shtml |script-title=zh:体验北京地铁：没有"最挤"只有更挤 小窍门多|date=January 20, 2017|access-date=January 25, 2017}}</ref> On December 30, 2017, a one-station extension of [[Fangshan line|Fangshan Line]] (Suzhuang – Yancun East), [[Yanfang line]] (Yancun Dong - Yanshan), [[Xijiao line]] (Bagou - Fragrant Hills) and [[Line S1 (Beijing Subway)|S1 line]] (Shichang – Jin'anqiao) were opened. On December 30, 2018, the western extension of Line 6 (Jin'anqiao – Haidian Wuluju), the South section of Line 8 (Zhushikou – Yinghai), a one-station extension on Line 8 North section (Nanluoguxiang – National Art Museum), a one-station extension on Yizhuang line (Ciqu – [[Yizhuang railway station#Beijing Subway|Yizhuang Railway Station]]) were opened. On September 26, 2019, the [[Daxing Airport Express]] (Phase 1) (Caoqiao - Daxing Airport) was opened.<ref name=sina1>{{cite web|url=https://news.sina.cn/2019-09-25/detail-iicezueu8253045.d.html|title=地铁大兴机场线明起运营，6条机场大巴线路同步开通|date=September 25, 2019}}</ref> On December 28, 2019, the eastern extension of [[Line 7 (Beijing Subway)|Line 7]] (Jiaohuachang-Huazhuang) and the southern extension of [[Batong line]] (Tuqiao-Huazhuang) were opened.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.xinhuanet.com/fortune/2019-12/26/c_1125388403.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191226062644/http://www.xinhuanet.com/fortune/2019-12/26/c_1125388403.htm|url-status=dead|archive-date=December 26, 2019|date=December 26, 2019|title=北京：两条地铁新线本周六试运营}}</ref> A revision to the Phase II plans in 2019 added [[Line 11 (Beijing Subway)|Line 11]] (branch line for the [[2022 Winter Olympics]]) and a project to split [[Line 13 (Beijing Subway)|Line 13]] to the construction schedule.<ref name="ndrc2019"/>

{{Gallery
| title  = Beijing Subway during the COVID-19 pandemic
| footer =
| width  = 200
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| align= center
|file:Check for 2019-nCoV in Beijing railway station metro station.jpg|Subway staff in [[Personal protective equipment|protective clothing]] check the temperature of a passenger with [[thermographic camera]] on January 27, 2020.
|file:Platform of L2 Dongsi Shitiao Station (20200323174207).jpg|Subway ridership fell sharply during the COVID-19 pandemic. The Line 2 platform of Dongsi Shitiao station was almost vacant during the Friday evening rush hour on March 20, 2020
|file:Interior of 003M3 during COVID-19 pandemic (20200323180258).jpg|Passengers wear masks and maintain social distancing on a Line 4 train on March 23, 2020. 
}}
[[File:Beijing Subway Line 4 train announcement from EGPKU to Zhongguancun 20200323.ogg|thumb|right|Recording of announcement on Line 4 train requiring all passengers to wear masks on March 23, 2020.]]
On January 24, 2020, the day after [[2020 Hubei lockdowns|a lockdown was declared in the city of Wuhan]] to contain the [[COVID-19 pandemic in mainland China|outbreak of COVID-19 in China]], the Beijing Subway began testing body temperature of passengers at the 55 subway stations including the three main railway stations and capital Airport.<ref>[http://bj.people.com.cn/n2/2020/0126/c82840-33744920.html "北京道路省际客运今起全部停运" ''北京青年报''] January 26, 2020</ref> Temperature checks expanded to all subway stations by January 27.<ref>(Chinese) [http://bj.people.com.cn/n2/2020/0127/c14540-33746575.html "北京地铁将全路网推行测温 体温超37.3°C就需隔离" ''人民网''] January 27, 2020</ref>

On April 4, 2020, at 10:00am, Beijing Subway trains joined in China's national mourning of lives lost in the [[COVID-19 pandemic in mainland China|COVID-19 pandemic]], by stopping for three minutes and sounding their horns three times, as conductors and passengers stood in silence.<ref>(Chinese) [https://tech.sina.com.cn/roll/2020-04-04/doc-iimxyqwa5047896.shtml "全国哀悼日北京地铁运行列车停车鸣笛三次 乘客肃立哀悼" ''新京报''] April 4, 2020</ref> To control the spread of [[COVID-19]], certain Line 6 trains were outfitted with smart surveillance cameras that can detect passengers not wearing masks.<ref>[http://www.ecns.cn/news/2020-04-09/detail-ifzviiqq6923848.shtml Beijing's 'intelligent' metro line able to identify unmasked passengers ''Xinhua''] April 9, 2020</ref>
[[File:北京地铁芍药居站的导向标识，显示10号线和13号线的换乘信息.jpg|thumb|New wayfinding to Line 13]]
In May 2020, the Beijing Subway began to pilot a new style of wayfinding on Line 13 and Airport Express. However, since then the new designs were not rolled out to other lines or even new lines that opened afterward.<ref>{{Cite web|title=地铁首都机场线启用新导向标识 _光明网|url=https://travel.gmw.cn/2020-05/25/content_33856310.htm|access-date=January 30, 2022|website=travel.gmw.cn|archive-date=June 23, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210623152853/https://travel.gmw.cn/2020-05/25/content_33856310.htm|url-status=dead}}</ref>

On December 31, 2020, the middle section of [[Line 16 (Beijing Subway)|Line 16]] (Xi Yuan-Ganjia Kou), the northern section of the [[Fangshan line]] (Guogongzhuang-Dongguantou Nan(S)), and the [[Line T1 (Beijing Yizhuang Tram)|Yizhuang T1 line]] tram were opened.<ref name="bjsub2020">{{cite news|url=https://news.bjd.com.cn/2020/12/30/39529t100.html|title=明日起，地铁房山线北延、16号线中段和有轨电车T1线开通试运营！|date=December 30, 2020}}</ref>

On August 26, 2021, [[Line 7 (Beijing Subway)|Line 7]] and [[Batong line]] extended to {{stl|BJS|Universal Resort}} station.<ref name=U>{{cite web|url=http://www.nbd.com.cn/articles/2021-08-25/1888609.html|date=August 25, 2021|title=定了！北京环球度假区各交通站口明天同步开通|archive-url=https://archive.today/20210825101845/http://www.nbd.com.cn/articles/2021-08-25/1888609.html|archive-date=August 25, 2021}}</ref> On August 29, 2021, through operation of [[Line 1 (Beijing Subway)|Line 1]] and [[Batong line]] started.<ref name=bjd20210825>{{cite news|url=https://news.bjd.com.cn/2021/08/25/159146t100.html|title=四惠四惠东站无须换乘了！北京地铁1号线、八通线本周日跨线运营|work=[[Beijing Daily]]|date=August 25, 2021|accessdate=August 25, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210825092946/https://news.bjd.com.cn/2021/08/25/159146t100.html|archive-date=August 25, 2021}}</ref> On December 31, 2021, the initial sections of [[Line 11 (Beijing Subway)|Line 11]] (Jin'anqiao - Shougang Park), [[Line 17 (Beijing Subway)|Line 17]] (Shilihe - Jiahuihu), [[Line 19 (Beijing Subway)|Line 19]] (Mudanyuan - Xingong); extensions of [[Capital Airport Express]] (Dongzhimen - Beixinqiao), [[Changping line]] (Xierqi - Qinghe Railway Station), [[Line S1 (Beijing Subway)|Line S1]] (Jin'anqiao - Pingguoyuan), [[Line 16 (Beijing Subway)|Line 16]] (Ganjiakou - Yuyuantan Park East Gate); and the central sections of [[Line 8 (Beijing Subway)|Line 8]] (Zhushikou - National Art Museum) and [[Line 14 (Beijing Subway)|Line 14]] (Beijing South Railway Station - Xiju) were opened.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://ie.bjd.com.cn/a/202112/31/AP61cdeb44e4b0b9f572bcac5d.html|title=官宣！北京9段新地铁今天开通！线路图、新站抢先看|date=December 31, 2021|accessdate=December 31, 2021|archive-date=December 30, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211230221900/https://ie.bjd.com.cn/a/202112/31/AP61cdeb44e4b0b9f572bcac5d.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> The opening of the central sections of Lines 8 and 14 along with the final section of Line S1 completed the three ring, four horizontal, five vertical and seven radial subway network plan (retroactively named Phase I expansion).

On July 30, 2022, stations Beitaipingzhuang, Ping'anli, Taipingqiao, Jingfengmen of [[Line 19 (Beijing Subway)|Line 19]] were opened.<ref>{{Cite web |title=地铁19号线剩余4站明日试运营！新宫至牡丹园只需半小时 |url=http://ie.bjd.com.cn/5b5fb98da0109f010fce6047/contentShare/5b5fb9d0e4b08630d8aef954/AP62e3538ce4b0f805269311af.html |access-date=July 29, 2022 |archive-date=July 29, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220729045111/http://ie.bjd.com.cn/5b5fb98da0109f010fce6047/contentShare/5b5fb9d0e4b08630d8aef954/AP62e3538ce4b0f805269311af.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> On December 31, 2022, the extension of [[Line 16 (Beijing Subway)|Line 16]] (Yuyuantan Park East Gate - Yushuzhuang) was opened.<ref>{{Cite web |title=北京地铁16号线南段明日开通并与北段、中段贯通！ |url=https://news.bjd.com.cn//2022/12/30/10283040.shtml}}</ref>

On January 18, 2023, in the morning and evening peak hours of the workday, the cross-line operation of [[Fangshan line|Fangshan Line]] and [[Line 9 (Beijing Subway)|Line 9]] began.<ref>{{Cite web |title=今日起房山线9号线部分列车在工作日高峰期间实现跨线运行 |url=https://m.gmw.cn/2023-01/18/content_1303258333.htm}}</ref> On February 4, 2023, the extension of [[Changping line|Changping Line]] (Qinghe Railway Station - Xitucheng) was opened.<ref>{{Cite web |title="学院派地铁"昌平线南延通车！西二旗到西土城仅18分钟 |url=https://www.takefoto.cn/news/2023/02/04/10324000.shtml}}</ref>

On December 15, 2024, lines 3 and 12 were opened together with the remainder of the [[Changping line]]'s southern extension. By the end of 2024, all of Beijing's 7 major railway stations and 2 international airports have been connected to the metro network.<ref>{{cite web |title=3条（段）地铁新线12月15日开通试运营 北京"七站两场"实现地铁全覆盖 |url=https://www.beijing.gov.cn/ywdt/gzdt/202412/t20241215_3965616.html |publisher=Beijing Daily |date=15 December 2024}}</ref>

===Ridership===
{{Chart|definition=Beijing Subway daily ridership (millions).chart|data=Beijing Subway daily ridership (millions).tab|Width=450}}

{{Historical populations
| title= Average Daily Ridership
| type = People's Republic of China
| align = center
| pop_name=Riders
| cols = 4
| source= {{lang|zh-hans|[https://web.archive.org/web/20141208135943/http://bjjs.beijing.cn/fuwu/bjdthgzw/index.shtml 北京地铁大事记回顾 1965-2006]}}{{bull}}{{lang|zh-hans|[https://web.archive.org/web/20120328161158/http://www.bjstats.gov.cn/xwgb/tjgb/ndgb/201102/t20110221_196297.htm 北京市2010年暨"十一五"期间国民经济和社会发展统计公报]}}{{bull}}{{lang|zh-hans|[https://web.archive.org/web/20141209144852/http://www.bjstats.gov.cn/xwgb/tjgb/ndgb/201203/t20120305_221986.htm 北京市2011年国民经济和社会发展统计公报]}}{{bull}}{{lang|zh-hans|[https://web.archive.org/web/20131003092900/http://www.bjstats.gov.cn/xwgb/tjgb/ndgb/201302/t20130207_243837.htm 北京市2012年国民经济和社会发展统计公报]}}{{bull}}{{lang|zh-hans|[https://web.archive.org/web/20140310101546/http://www.bjstats.gov.cn/xwgb/tjgb/ndgb/201402/t20140213_267744.htm 北京市2013年国民经济和社会发展统计公报]}}{{bull}}<ref name=2014bii>{{cite web | url=http://www.bii.com.cn/705-2063-5114.aspx | title=北京市基础设施投资有限公司 > 网站首页 }}</ref>{{bull}}{{lang|zh-hans|[http://www.bjstats.gov.cn/tjsj/tjgb/ndgb/201603/t20160329_346055.html 北京市2015年暨"十二五"时期国民经济和社会发展统计公报]}}{{bull}}<ref name=2016ridership/>{{bull}}<ref name=2017camet>{{Cite web |url=http://www.camet.org.cn/index.php?m=content&c=index&a=show&catid=18&id=13532 |title=2017年统计报告 - 数据统计 - 轨道交通 |access-date=April 28, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190502180226/http://www.camet.org.cn/index.php?m=content&c=index&a=show&catid=18&id=13532 |archive-date=May 2, 2019 |url-status=dead }}</ref>{{bull}}<ref name=bjstats2018 />
|1971|22685
|1972|41066
|1973|31151
|1974|31014
|1975|53233
|1976|60792
|1977|77699
|1978|84740
|1979|131096
|1980|150847
|1981|177151
|1982|198712
|1983|224630
|1984|281530
|1985|382548
|1986|432301
|1987|526767
|1988|838743
|1989|850740
|1990|1045973
|1991|1016082
|1992|1169699
|1993|1345479
|1994|1460164
|1995|1528822
|1996|1213497
|1997|1219342
|1998|1265753
|1999|1317808
|2000|1185792
|2001|1284932
|2002|1312329
|2003|1293151
|2004|1658470
|2005|1857534
|2006|2106575
|2007|1794521
|2008|3278689
|2009|3991781
|2010|5041096
|2011|5972603
|2012|6721311
|2013|8791781
|2014|9278600
|2015|8904109
|2016|9998000
|2017|10350411
|2018|10543608
|2019|10821500
|2020|6273973
|2021|8383500
}}

== Facilities ==

===Accessibility===
{{multiple image
| align = right
| direction = horizontal
| header = 
| header_align = 
| header_background = 
| footer = ''Left'': Space for wheelchair inside [[Daxing Airport Express]].<br />''Right'': A foldable wheelchair lift inside Exit A of the [[Dongdan station]]. Most stations built after 2007 have elevators. Older stations have been outfitted with wheelchair lifts. [[Tactile paving]] is found throughout stations.
| footer_align = 
| footer_background = 
| width = 
| image1 = Wheelchair space of JC0043 (20190926145459).jpg
| width1 = {{#expr: (150 * 4032 / 2688) round 0}}
| caption1 = 
| image2 = Barrier-free facilities at Exit F of Beijing Subway Dongdan Station.jpg
| width2 = {{#expr: (150 * 4032 / 3024) round 0}}
| caption2 = 
}}
[[File:Wheelchair space A of 306Mp2 (20190919111815).jpg|thumb|Wheelchair space in Beijing Subway]]

Each station is equipped with ramps, lifts, or elevators to facilitate [[wheelchair]] access.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20080912030529/http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/2008-08/27/content_9724688.htm Beijing promises integrated subway service for disabled ''xinhua''] August 27, 2008</ref><ref>All stations on Line&nbsp;5 have elevators. Some of the older stations on Lines 1 and 2 have escalators that descend from the station entrances to the ticket counters one level below ground level but do not extend to the platform two levels below. In the summer of 2008, mechanical wheelchair lifts were installed next to staircases in these stations.{{cite web|date=June 20, 2008|script-title=zh:北京地铁安装轮椅升降平台(组图)|trans-title=Beijing Subway installs wheelchair lifts|url=http://news.hexun.com/2008-06-20/106845675.html|website=Hexun News|publisher=[[Xinhua News]]}}</ref> Newer model train cars now provide space to accommodate wheelchairs.<ref>[http://en.beijing2008.cn/news/special/tebiecehua/metro5/n214169674.shtml "New Beijing Subway Line 5 is passenger-friendly", ''Beijing2008''] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080801164654/http://en.beijing2008.cn/news/special/tebiecehua/metro5/n214169674.shtml|date=August 1, 2008}} September 30, 2007</ref> Automated audio announcements for incoming trains are available in all lines. On all lines, station names are announced in Mandarin Chinese and English. Under subway regulations, riders with mobility limitations may obtain assistance from subway staff to enter and exit stations and trains, and [[visually impaired]] riders may bring assistance devices and [[guide dogs]] into the subway.<ref>{{cite web|script-title=zh:北京市人民代表大会常务委员会公告第7号 《北京市轨道交通运营安全条例》（2014年11月28日通过，2015年5月1日施行 ）第38条|trans-title=Beijing Municipal People's Congress Standing Committee Report No. 7, Beijing Municipal Rail Transportation Safe Operations Ordnance (Enacted 2014-11-28, Effective 2015-05-01) Art. 38|url=http://zhengwu.beijing.gov.cn/fggz/bjdffg/t1375579.htm|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171113060140/http://zhengwu.beijing.gov.cn/fggz/bjdffg/t1375579.htm|archive-date=November 13, 2017|access-date=November 12, 2017|publisher=Beijing People's Government|language=zh-hans}}</ref>

===Cellular network coverage===
[[Mobile phones]] can currently be used throughout the network. In 2014, Beijing Subway started upgrading cellular networks in the Beijing subway to [[4G]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=北京：多条地铁线实现4G全覆盖--IT--人民网|url=http://it.people.com.cn/n1/2016/0704/c1009-28522280.html|access-date=January 28, 2022|website=it.people.com.cn}}</ref> In 2016, the entire subway network has [[4G]] coverage.<ref>{{Cite web|title=北京地铁线基本实现4G网络覆盖_财经_腾讯网|url=https://finance.qq.com/a/20160704/005536.htm|access-date=January 28, 2022|website=finance.qq.com|archive-date=January 28, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220128031457/https://finance.qq.com/a/20160704/005536.htm|url-status=dead}}</ref> Since 2019, [[5G]] coverage is being rolled out across the network.<ref>{{Cite web|title=北京市已开通5G基站5.64万个 网络良好覆盖率超九成-新华网|url=http://www.xinhuanet.com/tech/2021-05/14/c_1127443635.htm|access-date=January 28, 2022|website=www.xinhuanet.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=May 17, 2019|title=China now has 5G on the subway and it's super fast|url=https://www.scmp.com/abacus/culture/article/3029359/china-now-has-5g-subway-and-its-super-fast|access-date=January 28, 2022|website=South China Morning Post|language=en}}</ref>

=== Commercial facilities ===
In the 1990s a number of fast food and convenience stores operated in the Beijing Subway.<ref name=":3">{{Cite web|title=三座地铁车站引入便利店-新华网|url=http://www.bj.xinhuanet.com/2021-07/23/c_1127684722.htm|access-date=January 28, 2022|website=www.bj.xinhuanet.com|archive-date=August 4, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210804104533/http://www.bj.xinhuanet.com/2021-07/23/c_1127684722.htm|url-status=dead}}</ref> In 2002, fourteen [[Wumart]] convenience stores opened in various Line 2 stations.<ref>{{Cite web|title=北京的地铁站、加油站即将开设物美便利店|url=https://www.chinanews.com.cn/2002-04-28/26/182134.html|access-date=January 28, 2022|website=www.chinanews.com.cn}}</ref>

After witnessing the&nbsp;[[Daegu subway fire]] in February 2003, the Beijing Subway gradually removed the 80 newsstands and fast food restaurants across 39 stations in Line 1 and Line 2.<ref name=":4">{{Cite web|title=北京地铁将再次迎来商铺时代_央广网|url=http://finance.cnr.cn/gs/20160125/t20160125_521231612.shtml|access-date=January 28, 2022|website=finance.cnr.cn}}</ref> The popular underground mall at [[Xidan station]] was closed. This is in contrast other systems in China which added more station commerce as they started to rapidly expand their networks.<ref name=":4"/> Since the implementation of this policy new lines did not have any station commerce upon opening.

Passengers consistently complained that the lack of station commerce in the Beijing Subway is inconvenient. In the early 2010s, Beijing Subway started reversing some of these policies. Vending machines selling drinks and snacks has gradually introduced inside stations since 2013. Later machines with of common items such as flowers, earphones, masks, etc. were also introduced.<ref name=":3"/> In 2013, [[China Resources Vanguard]] and [[FamilyMart]] expressed interest in opening convenience stores in the Beijing Subway but this never materialized.<ref>{{Cite web|title=华润确认进军北京地铁 全时便利店紧随其后_央广网|url=http://finance.cnr.cn/gs/20160107/t20160107_521067393.shtml|access-date=January 28, 2022|website=finance.cnr.cn}}</ref>

[[File:Lawson store at Hepingli Beijie Station (20210725170907).jpg|thumb|On July 25, 2021, [[Lawson (store)|Lawson]] opened a store in the paid area of Hepingli Beijie Station.]]
The survey report on passenger satisfaction in subway services since 2018 shows that more than 70% of passengers want convenience stores in subway stations, especially for various hot and cold drinks, ready-to-eat food, and bento meals.<ref name=":3" /> In December 2020, "the deployment of 130 convenient service facilities at subway stations" was listed as a key project for the Beijing municipal government.<ref>{{Cite web|last=北京日报客户端|date=December 25, 2020|title=北京2021年31件重要民生实事项目确定 您关心的都在列|url=https://news.sina.com.cn/c/2020-12-25/doc-iiznezxs8823072.shtml|access-date=January 28, 2022|website=news.sina.com.cn}}</ref> On July 25, 2021, Beijing Subway selected three stations, [[Hepingli Beijie station]] of Line 5, [[Qingnian Lu station]] of Line 6, and [[Caishikou station]] of Line 7, to carry out a pilot program of opening convenience stores.<ref>{{Cite web|title=北京地铁站内首批便利店开业！现场实拍探究竟_京报网|url=https://news.bjd.com.cn/2021/07/25/136177t100.html|access-date=January 28, 2022|website=news.bjd.com.cn}}</ref> Since December 2021, a rapid rollout of station commerce began on a large scale across the network with a variety of commercial establishments such as bookstores, pharmacies, flower shops and specialty vendors being constructed inside stations.<ref>{{Cite web|title=北京地铁再开便利店，便利店"荒漠"开花了 {{!}} 界面新闻|url=https://m.jiemian.com/article/6965629.html|access-date=January 28, 2022|website=m.jiemian.com}}</ref>

===Information hotline and app===
The Beijing Subway telephone hotline was initiated on the eve of the 2008 Summer Olympic Games to provide traveler information, receive complaints and suggestions, and file lost and found reports.<ref name="hotline1">{{cite web|date=July 24, 2008|script-title=zh:北京地铁热线25日开通 解答8类问题|trans-title=Beijing Subway telephone hotline opens on the 25th, intending to answer 8 types of question|url=http://www.bj.xinhuanet.com/bjpd-xxfw/2008-07/24/content_13919869.htm|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140407101239/http://www.bj.xinhuanet.com/bjpd-xxfw/2008-07/24/content_13919869.htm|archive-date=April 7, 2014|access-date=April 5, 2014|publisher=[[Beijing Daily]]|language=zh-hans}}</ref> The hotline combined the nine public service telephones of various subway departments.<ref>{{cite web|date=July 24, 2008|script-title=zh:北京地铁开通服务热线可查询地铁公交换乘信息|trans-title=Beijing Subway opens service hotline to look up Subway to Bus transfers|url=http://it.sohu.com/20080724/n258359306.shtml|language=zh-hans}}</ref> On December 29, 2013, the hotline number was switched from (010)-6834-5678 to (010)-96165 for [[abbreviated dialing]].<ref>{{cite web|date=December 29, 2013|script-title=zh:8号新线通了 地铁热线改成96165|url=http://bj.people.com.cn/n/2013/1229/c82840-20256933.html|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140407100114/http://bj.people.com.cn/n/2013/1229/c82840-20256933.html|archive-date=April 7, 2014|access-date=April 5, 2014|publisher=Beijing Youth Daily|language=zh-hans}}</ref> In December 2014, the hotline began offering fare information, as the subway switched to distance-based fare.<ref name="Fare Look-Up" /> The hotline has staffed service from 5 am to midnight and has automated service during unstaffed hours.<ref name="hotline1" />

The Beijing Subway has an official [[mobile app]]lication and a number of third-party apps.

=== English station names ===
According to the related rules released in 2006, all the place names, common names and proper names of subway stations and bus stops should use uppercase Hanyu Pinyin. For example, Nanlishi Lu Station should be written as NANLISHILU Station. However, names of venues can use English translation, such as Military Museum.

According to the translation standard released in December 2017, station names of rail transit and public transport have to follow the laws.

Since December 2018, Beijing Subway has changed the format of names of the new subway stations every year. On the subway map of December 2018, the station names used Roman script, and it gave consideration to English writing habit and pronunciation. The format changed to verbatim in December 2019, where the positions (East, South, West and North) were written in Hanyu Pinyin and an English abbreviation was added to them.

[[File:Exit A of Shougang Park Station (20220103161625).jpg|thumb|Station sign at [[Xinshougang (Shougang Park) station]]. (January 2022)]]
Since December 31, 2021, Beijing Subway has started using new station name format. The Pinyin "Zhan" is used instead of English word "Station" on the light box at the subway entrance. This caused a strong disagreement.<ref>{{Cite web|title=网友反映北京地铁将"站"译为Zhan不妥，官方：统一译法|url=https://www.thepaper.cn/newsDetail_forward_16023381|access-date=February 10, 2022|website=www.thepaper.cn}}</ref> Citizens criticized it, making comments like "Chinese do not need to read and foreigners cannot read it". Some of the landmark named stations uses Chinese name, Hanyu Pinyin and English translation. Some of the stations that used English translation names (such as Shahe Univ. Park, Life Science Park and Liangxiang Univ. Town) changed to Hanyu Pinyin only (These stations changed back to English translations in December 2022). Lines 3, 12 and 18 use the translation rules that announced in 2024.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://wb.beijing.gov.cn/home/hdpt/zjdc/202310/P020231027690060016156.pdf|title=公共场所中文标识英文译写规范 第1部分 交通 Guidelines for the Use of English for Public Signs Part 1: Transportation}}</ref> For example, "Dongbabei", "Dongbaxi", "Jiangtaixi", "Huoyingdong", "Tiantongyuandong", "Sijiqing Qiao" and "Shangdi Software Park".

==System upgrades==
{{Update|part=section|date=March 2025|reason=Lines 3 and 12 are already in operation, line 13A will soon transition to 8-car trains, Xizhimen will be once more rebuilt}}

===Capacity===
[[File:Beijing Subway Line 10 Transfer Corridor.jpg|thumb|230px|A crowded transfer corridor on Line 10.]]
With new lines drawing more riders to the network, the subway has experienced severe overcrowding, especially during the [[rush hour]].<ref>{{cite web |language=zh-hans |url=http://sh.xinmin.cn/minsheng/2010/03/09/3933955.html |script-title=zh:申通地铁集团董事长学习北京地铁应对客流之法 |publisher=[[Xinmin Evening News]] |date=March 9, 2010}}</ref> Since 2015, significant sections of Lines 1, 4 – Daxing, 5, 10,<ref>{{cite web |url= http://news.sohu.com/20150721/n417168142.shtml |script-title=zh:明起北京地铁10号线发车间隔将缩短10秒 |work= news.sohu.com |date=July 20, 2015 }}</ref> 13, Batong and Changping are officially over capacity during rush hour.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.bjjtw.gov.cn/gzdt/ywsds/201302/t20130207_71407.htm |script-title=zh:我市轨道交通网络化运营效果凸显 |date=February 7, 2013 |access-date=September 15, 2013 |publisher=北京市交通委员会  |archive-date=January 9, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140109144501/http://www.bjjtw.gov.cn/gzdt/ywsds/201302/t20130207_71407.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite web |script-title=zh:北京地铁1号线、5号线、10号线年底最快两分钟一趟-新华网 |url=http://news.xinhuanet.com/politics/2015-09/26/c_128269673.htm |access-date=December 31, 2017 |website=news.xinhuanet.com}}</ref> By 2019, Lines 1, 2, 4, 5, 6 and 10 all have daily weekday ridership's of over 1 million passengers a day each.<ref>{{Cite web|last=孙福亮|first=马毅林|title=纵观北京地铁十年客流变化（2010-2019）|url=http://mp.weixin.qq.com/s?__biz=MzA5NTE4OTUzMg==&mid=2456487168&idx=1&sn=f9c4f2cde3d0b8db3cd2f04e6b030652&chksm=87dc8a73b0ab03650a597cd6175948bb3eac55541880121a1c2747d6da301cdad75bdc865621#rd|access-date=May 24, 2021|website=Weixin Official Accounts Platform}}</ref> In short term response, the subway upgraded electrical, signal and yard equipment to increase the frequency of trains to add additional capacity. Peak headways have been reduced to 1 min. 43 sec. on Line 4;<ref>{{Cite web |url= http://www.xinhuanet.com/local/2017-12/30/c_1122189907.htm |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20180101082204/http://www.xinhuanet.com/local/2017-12/30/c_1122189907.htm |url-status= dead |archive-date= January 1, 2018 |script-title=zh:近10年增长2倍 日客运量超1000万人次 -- 北京轨道交通建设凸显"北京速度"-新华网|website=www.xinhuanet.com|access-date=December 31, 2017}}</ref> 1 min. 45 sec. on Lines 1/Batong,<ref name=":5">{{Cite web |title=北京地铁1号线车辆间隔跑进1分45秒是怎么做到的_列车 |url=https://www.sohu.com/a/www.sohu.com/a/388219931_255783 |access-date=June 15, 2022 |website=www.sohu.com |language=en }}{{Dead link|date=October 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot }}</ref> 5,<ref name=":2">{{cite news|url=http://bjwb.bjd.com.cn/html/2020-03/31/content_12454074.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200404002200/http://bjwb.bjd.com.cn/html/2020-03/31/content_12454074.htm|title=四条地铁线开行大站快车|url-status=dead|date=March 31, 2020|archive-date=April 4, 2020|work=[[Beijing Evening News]]}}</ref> 9,<ref name=":5" /> and 10;<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://mp.weixin.qq.com/s?__biz=MjM5NTUzMzY1Mw==&mid=2650365037&idx=1&sn=f05db471c8fd2905e1a8628049528647&chksm=befafa57898d7341ffee95666b7ff54c622f24af2003b6f624efbaf4c79bbc54215e15e9f8b4#rd|title=10号线加入"双超"家族 最小运行间隔缩至1分45秒|website=WeChat Official Accounts Platform|access-date=April 24, 2020}}</ref> 2&nbsp;min. on Lines 2,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bjsubway.com/node/935|date=April 16, 2009|publisher=Beijing Subway|script-title=zh:地铁2号线发车间隔将缩短为2分钟|access-date=June 14, 2013|archive-date=September 23, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150923191703/http://www.bjsubway.com/node/935|url-status=dead}}</ref> 6,<ref name=":2" /> 13<ref name=":2" /> and Changping;<ref name=":6">{{Cite web |title=北京地铁5、6、13、15号线采取超常超强措施 降低高峰期列车满载率_央广网 |url=https://m.cnr.cn/news/20200331/t20200331_525037132.html |access-date=January 19, 2024 |website=m.cnr.cn}}</ref> 2 min. and 35 sec. on Line 15;<ref name=":2" /><ref name=":6" /> 3&nbsp;min. 30&nbsp;sec. on Line&nbsp;8;<ref>{{cite web |language=zh-hans |url=http://travel.people.com.cn/n/2014/1226/c41570-26278709.html |script-title=zh:下周一起北京地铁8号线早高峰列车间隔缩短15秒] December 26, 2014}}</ref> and 15&nbsp;min. on the Airport Express.<ref>{{cite web |language=zh-hans |url=http://news.xinhuanet.com/sports/2008-07/17/content_8563354.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090113210133/http://news.xinhuanet.com/sports/2008-07/17/content_8563354.htm |url-status=dead |archive-date=January 13, 2009 |script-title=zh:三条新线将开 北京地铁奥运最高日客流将达587万 |publisher=[[Xinhua News]] |date=July 17, 2008}}</ref> The Beijing Subway is investigating the feasibility of reducing headways of Line 10 down to 1 min 40 seconds.<ref>{{Cite web|title=打造"高效型地铁"10条地铁线路跑进2分钟_公告提示_首都之窗_北京市人民政府门户网站|url=http://www.beijing.gov.cn/fuwu/bmfw/jtcx/ggts/202105/t20210524_2396070.html|access-date=May 24, 2021|website=www.beijing.gov.cn}}</ref>

Lines 13 and Batong have converted 4-car to 6-car trains.<ref>{{cite web |language=zh-hans |url=http://bjyouth.ynet.com/article.jsp?oid=41710866 |script-title=zh:13号线加挂两节车厢 |publisher=[[Beijing Youth Daily]] |access-date=August 16, 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110527020543/http://bjyouth.ynet.com/article.jsp?oid=41710866 |archive-date=May 27, 2011 |url-status=dead  }} July 21, 2008</ref><ref>{{cite web |language=zh-hans |url=http://www.sina.net/jt/2008-08-08/355832.shtml |script-title=zh:北京地铁2号线全部更换空调车 |publisher=[[:zh:新京报|The Beijing News]] |date=August 8, 2008 |access-date=August 16, 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081210140340/http://www.sina.net/jt/2008-08-08/355832.shtml |archive-date=December 10, 2008 |url-status=dead  }} August 8, 2008</ref> Lines 6<ref name="opening 2012">{{cite web |url=http://news.xinhuanet.com/yzyd/photo/20121226/c_114165251.htm |script-title=zh:北京四条新地铁线30日开通 首末车时间确定 |publisher=[[Xinhua News]] |date=December 26, 2012 |access-date=December 27, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121231074103/http://news.xinhuanet.com/yzyd/photo/20121226/c_114165251.htm |archive-date=December 31, 2012 |url-status=dead  }}</ref> and 7 have longer platforms that can accommodate 8-car type B trains,<ref>{{cite web |language=zh-hans |url=http://fzwb.ynet.com/article.jsp?oid=62862521 |script-title=zh:4条地铁线将装屏蔽门 |publisher=[[:zh:法制晚报|法制晚报]] |access-date=January 20, 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110721172308/http://fzwb.ynet.com/article.jsp?oid=62862521 |archive-date=July 21, 2011 |url-status=dead   |date=January 20, 2010}}</ref> while lines 14, 16, 17 and 19 use higher capacity wide-body type A trains (all mentioned except Line 14 use eight-car trains).{{citation needed|date=February 2023}} New lines that cross the city center such as Line 3 and Line 12, now under construction, will also adopt high capacity 8-car type A trains with a 70 percent increase in capacity over older lines using 6 car type B.<ref name = "opening 2012"/><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://news.xinhuanet.com/local/2016-05/04/c_128954454.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161031090017/http://news.xinhuanet.com/local/2016-05/04/c_128954454.htm |url-status=dead |archive-date=October 31, 2016 |script-title=zh:北京地铁17号线两站率先开工 一车站将建最长站台-新华网|website=news.xinhuanet.com|access-date=October 31, 2016}}</ref> When completed these lines are expected to greatly relieve overcrowding in the existing network. 
[[File:Interior of Beijing Subway Line5 Train 20181016.jpg|thumb|230x230px|The [[articulated car]]s of Line&nbsp;5 trains have greater carrying capacity.]]
Despite these efforts, during the morning rush hour, conductors at line terminals and other busy stations must routinely restrict the number of passengers who can board each train to prevent the train from becoming too crowded for passengers waiting at other stations down the line.<ref>{{cite web |language=zh-hans |url=http://auto.chinanews.com.cn/sh/news/2007/11-01/1065347.shtml |script-title=zh:北京地铁重点车站为应对大客流早晚高峰将限流" ''新京报''] November 11, 2007 }}{{Dead link|date=June 2020 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Some of these stations have built [[Queue area|queuing lines]] outside the stations to manage the flow of waiting passengers.<ref>(Video) {{cite web |language=zh-hans |url=http://www.chinanews.com/shipin/2011/09-05/news43907.html |script-title=zh:北京八通线公布早高峰拥挤度与限流挂钩 |publisher=中国新闻网 |date=September 5, 2011}}</ref> As of August 31, 2011, 25 stations mainly on Lines 1, 5, 13, and Batong have imposed such restrictions.<ref>{{cite web |language=zh-hans |url=http://news.ifeng.com/mainland/detail_2011_08/31/8804534_0.shtml |script-title=zh:北京25个地铁站高峰常态限流 |work=ifeng.com, [[Ifeng]] news |date=August 31, 2011 |access-date=September 10, 2011 |archive-date=January 7, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180107060904/http://news.ifeng.com/mainland/detail_2011_08/31/8804534_0.shtml |url-status=dead }}</ref> By January 7, 2013, 41 stations on Lines 1, 2, 5, 13, Batong, and Changping had instituted passenger flow restrictions during the morning rush hour.<ref>{{cite web |language=zh-hans |url=http://news.xinhuanet.com/house/2013-01/07/c_124195911.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160107073700/http://news.xinhuanet.com/house/2013-01/07/c_124195911.htm |url-status=dead |archive-date=January 7, 2016 |script-title=zh:北京41地铁站公布常态限流时间 将精确到分钟 |publisher=[[:zh:新京报|The Beijing News]] |date=January 7, 2013}}</ref> The number of stations with passenger flow restrictions reached 110 in January 2019, affecting all lines except Lines 15, 16, Fangshan, Yanfang and S1.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://beijing.qianlong.com/2019/0121/3072367.shtml|title=北京地铁4号线、大兴线工作日早高峰将限流-千龙网·中国首都网|website=beijing.qianlong.com|access-date=January 25, 2019}}</ref> Lines 4, 5, 10 and 13 strategically run several empty train runs during rush hour bound for specific stations help clear busy station queues.<ref name=":2" /> Counter peak flow express trains started operating on Line 15, Changping and Batong to minimize line runtimes and allow the existing fleet size to serve more passengers during peak periods.<ref name=":2" /> Additionally, investigations are being carried out on Line 15 and Yizhuang for upgrading to 120&nbsp;km/h operations.<ref>{{Cite web|title=企业动态_北京市人民政府国有资产监督管理委员会|url=http://gzw.beijing.gov.cn/yggq/qydt/202105/t20210517_2390446.html|access-date=May 24, 2021|website=gzw.beijing.gov.cn}}</ref>

===Transfers===
[[File:Interchange passage of West Wangjing Station, BJS Line 15 direction.jpg|thumb|right|230px|At [[Wangjing West Station|Wangjing West]], an interchange station for Lines 13 and 15, passengers transferring between the two lines must pass through a lengthy transfer corridor that includes a pedestrian footbridge.]]
Interchange stations that permit transfers across two or more subway lines receive heavy traffic passenger flow. The older interchange stations are known for lengthy transfer corridors and slow transfers during peak hours. The average transfer distance at older interchange stations is {{convert|128|m|abbr=on}}<ref name="transfer">{{cite web |language=zh-hans |url=http://zhengwu.beijing.gov.cn/bmfu/bmts/t1232496.htm |script-title=zh:国贸东直门等四大换乘站拟择机改造 换乘不超5分钟 |publisher=Beijing Municipal People's Government |date=July 7, 2012 |access-date=July 9, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120711035950/http://zhengwu.beijing.gov.cn/bmfu/bmts/t1232496.htm |archive-date=July 11, 2012 |url-status=dead  }}</ref> The transfer between Lines 2 and 13 at [[Xizhimen Station|Xizhimen]] once required 15 minutes to complete during rush hours.<ref>{{cite web |language=zh-hans |url=http://news.cctv.com/china/20090828/102723.shtml |script-title=zh:北京：地铁西直门站换13号线不再绕大圈 |publisher=[[CCTV News]] |date=August 28, 2009}}</ref> In 2011, this station was rebuilt to reduce the transfer distance to about {{convert|170|m|-1|abbr=on}} long.<ref>{{cite news  |language=zh-hans |title=北京地铁西直门站9月24日启用新换乘通道 |url=https://www.chinanews.com.cn/auto/2011/09-23/3348191.shtml |access-date=November 3, 2023 |agency=[[Beijing Times]] |date=September 23, 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |language=zh-hans |url=http://www.bjsubway.com/node/2473 |script-title=zh:24日地铁西直门站地下换乘通道正式启用 换乘方式变化大 |publisher=Beijing Subway |date=September 22, 2011 |access-date=August 28, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120707021714/http://bjsubway.com/node/2473 |archive-date=July 7, 2012 |url-status=dead }}</ref> There are plans to rebuild other interchange stations such as [[Dongzhimen Station|Dongzhimen]].<ref name="transfer"/>

In newer interchange stations, which are designed to permit more efficient transfers, the average transfer distance is {{convert|63|m|abbr=on}}.<ref name="transfer"/> Many of the newer interchange stations including [[Guogongzhuang Station|Guogongzhuang]] (Lines 9 and Fangshan), [[Nanluoguxiang Station|Nanluoguxiang]] (Lines 8 and 6), [[Zhuxinzhuang Station|Zhuxinzhuang]] (Changping and Line 8), [[Beijing West railway station]] (Lines 9 and 7), [[National Library Station|National Library]] (Lines 9 and 4), [[Yancun East station|Yancun East]] (Fangshan Line and Yanfang Line) feature [[Cross-platform interchange|cross platform transfers]].<ref>{{cite web |language=zh-hans |url=http://www.baic.gov.cn/bj315/xfzbj/bjcx/201205/t20120517_742429.htm |archive-url=https://archive.today/20121127162723/http://www.baic.gov.cn/bj315/xfzbj/bjcx/201205/t20120517_742429.htm |url-status=dead |archive-date=November 27, 2012 |script-title=zh:南锣鼓巷地铁站可双向同台换乘 |website=baic.gov.cn |date=May 17, 2012}}</ref> Nevertheless, longer transfer corridors must still be used when the alignment of the lines do not permit cross-platform transfer.<ref>{{cite web |language=zh-hans |url=http://zhengwu.beijing.gov.cn/bmfu/bmts/t1221827.htm |script-title=zh:公主坟地铁站新建四个换乘厅 换乘不超过100米 |publisher=Beijing Municipal People's Government |date=March 28, 2012 |access-date=August 28, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120501120426/http://zhengwu.beijing.gov.cn/bmfu/bmts/t1221827.htm |archive-date=May 1, 2012 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
The transfer corridors between Lines 1 and 9 at the [[Military Museum Station|Military Museum]], which opened on December 23, 2013, are {{convert|160|m|abbr=on}} in one direction and just under {{convert|300|m|-1|abbr=on}} in the other.<ref name="MilitaryMuseum">{{cite web |language=zh-hans |url=http://finance.chinanews.com/house/2013/12-23/5650309.shtml |script-title=zh:北京地铁"最复杂换乘站"开通：用时最少7分钟 |publisher=[[:zh:北京晨报|Beijing Morning News]] |date=December 23, 2013}}</ref>

==Safety==

===Security check===
[[File:Security check sign in Beijing Subway.jpg|thumb|right|Since the 2008 Olympics, security checks of riders and bags have become mandatory on the Beijing Subway.]]
To ensure public safety during the [[2008 Summer Olympic]] and [[2008 Summer Paralympics|Paralympic]] Games, the subway initiated a three-month heightened security program from June&nbsp;29 to September&nbsp;20, 2008. Riders were subject to searches of their persons and belongings at all stations by security inspectors using metal detectors, X-ray machines and sniffer dogs. Items banned from public transportation such as "guns, ammunition, knives, explosives, flammable and radioactive materials, and toxic chemicals" were subject to confiscation.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20080824233114/http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/2008-06/29/content_8458478.htm "Beijing starts passenger security checks in all subway stations",''Chinaview.com.cn''] June 29, 2008</ref> The security program was reinstituted during the 2009 New Year Holiday<ref>{{cite web |language=zh-hans |url=http://report.qianlong.com/33378/2008/12/30/118@4811827.htm |script-title=zh:元旦期间地铁客流将达840万 恢复"逢包必检" |publisher=千龙网 |date=December 30, 2008 |access-date=January 7, 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090107105056/http://report.qianlong.com/33378/2008/12/30/118@4811827.htm |archive-date=January 7, 2009 |url-status=dead }}</ref> and has since been made permanent through regulations enacted in February 2009.<ref>{{cite web |language=zh-hans |url=http://unn.people.com.cn/GB/14748/8984735.html |script-title=zh:"北京：拒不接受地铁安全检查将被处理" |publisher=[[Beijing Times]] |date=March 18, 2009 |access-date=January 2, 2010 |archive-date=March 3, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303233455/http://unn.people.com.cn/GB/14748/8984735.html |url-status=dead }}</ref>

===Accidents and incidents===
The subway was plagued by numerous accidents in its early years, including a fire in 1969 that killed six people and injured over 200.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://news.xinhuanet.com/english2010/china/2011-09/27/c_131163510.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140221220113/http://news.xinhuanet.com/english2010/china/2011-09/27/c_131163510.htm|url-status=dead|archive-date=February 21, 2014|title=Backgrounder: Major metro accidents in China}}</ref> But its operations have improved dramatically and there have been few reported accidents in recent years. Most of the reported fatalities on the subway are the result of [[Suicide in the People's Republic of China|suicides]].<ref>For example, {{cite web |url=http://www.itxinwen.com/view/new/html/2009-07/2009-07-17-618811.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090720113034/http://www.itxinwen.com/view/new/html/2009-07/2009-07-17-618811.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=July 20, 2009 |script-title=zh:北京地铁一号线一男子跳轨事故最新情况 |date=July 17, 2009}} and {{cite web |url=http://www.chinanews.com/gn/2014/02-14/5840751.shtml |script-title=zh:北京地铁一号线因乘客跳下站台晚点 已恢复运营 |date=February 14, 2014}}</ref> Authorities have responded by installing doors on platforms of newer lines.

* On October&nbsp;8, 2003, the collapse of steel beams at the construction site of Line&nbsp;5's [[Chongwenmen station]] killed three workers and injured one.<ref>{{cite web |language=zh-hans |url=http://www.lawtime.cn/info/shengchan/sgal/20081114409.html |script-title=zh:北京地铁五号线"10•8"事故 |date=November 14, 2018 |access-date=July 15, 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101208205258/http://www.lawtime.cn/info/shengchan/sgal/20081114409.html |archive-date=December 8, 2010 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
* On March&nbsp;29, 2007, the construction site at the [[Suzhoujie station]] on [[Line 10 (Beijing Subway)|Line 10]] collapsed, burying six workers. 
* On June&nbsp;6, 2008, prior to the opening of Line&nbsp;10, a worker was crushed to death inside an escalator in [[Zhichunlu station]] when an intern turned on the moving staircase.<ref>{{cite web |language=zh-hans |url=http://news.ca315.com.cn/jj/20090621/149123.shtml |script-title=zh:北京地铁实习生误操作 一维修工电梯内被挤死 |publisher=[[:zh:法制晚报|法制晚报]] |access-date=July 15, 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110707014112/http://news.ca315.com.cn/jj/20090621/149123.shtml |archive-date=July 7, 2011 |url-status=dead  |date=June 21, 2009}}</ref> 
* On July&nbsp;14, 2010, two workers were killed and eight were injured at the construction site of [[Line 15 (Beijing Subway)|Line 15]]'s [[Shunyi station]] when the steel support structure collapsed on them.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20121106163107/http://news.xinhuanet.com/english2010/china/2010-07/14/c_111954545.htm "Two killed in Beijing subway construction site accident"] ''[[Xinhua]]'' July 14, 2010</ref> 
* On September 17, 2010, [[Line 9 (Beijing Subway)|Line 9]] tunnels under construction beneath Yuyuantan Lake were flooded, killing one worker.<ref name=YuyuantanFlood/> A city official who oversaw [[waterworks]] contracts at the site was convicted of [[corruption]] and given a [[death sentence with reprieve]].<ref name=YuyuantanFlood>{{cite web |language=zh-hans |url=http://www.legaldaily.com.cn/index_article/content/2014-01/30/content_5246045.htm?node=5955 |script-title=zh:北京地铁透水事故涉事官员贪贿近6千万被判死缓 |publisher=Legal Daily |date=January 30, 2014}}</ref> 
* On June&nbsp;1, 2011, one worker was killed when a section of Line&nbsp;6 under construction in Xicheng District near [[Ping'anli station|Ping'anli]] collapsed.<ref>{{cite web |language=zh-hans |url=http://news.163.com/11/0602/10/75HLSMJ800014JB5.html |script-title=zh:北京地铁6号线工地发生塌方 一工人被埋身亡 |website=[[163.com]] news |date=June 1, 2011}}</ref> 
* On July 5, 2011, an escalator collapsed at [[Beijing Zoo Station]], killing one 13-year-old boy and injuring 28.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20110710004516/http://news.xinhuanet.com/english2010/china/2011-07/05/c_13966568.htm "Xinhuan News - One dead, 28 injured in Beijing subway escalator accident"] July 5, 2011</ref>
* On July 19, 2012, a man was fatally shot at [[Hujialou station]] by a sniper from the [[Beijing Special Weapons and Tactics Unit]] after taking a subway worker hostage.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.huffingtonpost.com/2012/07/25/beijing-subway-hostage-taker-shot-hujialou-station-bloodshed_n_1702299.html|title=Beijing Subway Hostage Taker Shot: Armed Standoff At Hujialou Station Ends In Bloodshed |date=July 25, 2012|work=Huffington Post}}</ref>
* On May 4, 2013, a train derailed when it overran a section of track on Line 4. The section was not open to the public and was undergoing testing. There were no injuries.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.scmp.com/news/china/article/1503776/beijing-subway-train-derails-during-testing-new-section-tracks|title=Beijing subway train derails during testing of new section of tracks|date=May 3, 2014|work=South China Morning Post}}</ref>
* On November 6, 2014, a woman was killed when she tried to board the train at [[Huixinxijie Nankou station]] on Beijing Subway's [[Line 5 (Beijing Subway)|Line 5]]. She became trapped between the train door and the platform edge door and was crushed to death by the departing train. The accident happened on the second day of [[APEC China 2014]] meetings in the city during which the municipal government has banned cars from the roads on alternate days to ease congestion and reduce pollution during the summit&nbsp;– measures which the capital's transport authorities have estimated would lead to an extra one million passengers on the subway every day.<ref>https://www.scmp.com/news/china/article/1634392/beijing-subway-passengers-tried-raise-alarm-accident-victim-was-dragged "South China Morning Post&nbsp;— Beijing subway passengers tried to raise alarm before accident victim was dragged to her death"</ref>
* On March 26, 2015, a Yizhuang line train was testing when it derailed around {{ill|Taihu Depot|zh|台湖车辆段}}. No passengers were on board and the driver faced leg injuries.<ref>{{cite news |title=Trial train of Beijing subway derails, no casualties found |url=http://english.sina.com/china/2015/0325/794932.html |access-date=August 31, 2020 |agency=Sina News |date=March 25, 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Subway train derails during test run in Beijing |url=https://www.scmp.com/news/china/article/1747151/subway-train-derails-during-test-run-beijing |website=South China Morning Post |date=March 25, 2015 |access-date=December 9, 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Subway train on Yizhuang Line derails |url=http://en.people.cn/n/2015/0326/c98649-8869088.html |website=people.cn |access-date=December 9, 2020}}</ref>
* On January 1, 2018, a Xijiao line train derailed around [[Fragrant Hills station]]. There were no injuries.<ref>{{cite web |title=Multiple Malfunctions Mar Opening of Beijing's New Streetcar Line |url=https://www.thebeijinger.com/blog/2018/01/03/service-suspended-beijings-new-streetcar-line-after-multiple-malfunctions-opening |website=Thebeijingner |date=January 3, 2018 |access-date=December 9, 2020 |author1=Charlesliu }}</ref> Fragrant Hills station was temporarily closed until March 1, 2018.<ref>{{cite web |title=西郊线香山站恢复双向运营 |url=http://epaper.ynet.com/html/2018-03/08/content_280786.htm |website=Beijing Youth Daily |access-date=December 9, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180308231333/http://epaper.ynet.com/html/2018-03/08/content_280786.htm |archive-date=March 8, 2018}}</ref>
* On December 14, 2023, two trains on the [[Changping line]] [[2023 Beijing Subway collision|collided]] between [[Xi'erqi station]] and [[Life Science Park station]], causing one of the carriages to break apart and injuring over 500 passengers on board.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://news.cctv.com/2023/12/14/ARTIhDdwwisF2fnRGnEDfKpe231214.shtml|title=北京地铁：初步了解昌平线为车辆故障，工作人员正组织紧急救援和疏散|newspaper=中央网|date=December 14, 2023|accessdate=December 14, 2023}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.shaoxing.com.cn/p/3111156.html|title=北京地铁：北京地铁昌平线突发故障？最新回应|newspaper=绍兴网|date=December 14, 2023|accessdate=December 14, 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://weibo.com/2778292197/Nx7PAzSw2|title=昌平线列车最后两节与前车在西二旗至生命科学园区段发生分离情况，有乘客受伤|date=December 14, 2023|website=新浪微博|publisher=北京地铁|accessdate=December 14, 2023|quote= }}</ref>

==Subway culture==
===Logo===
[[File:Beijing Subway logo.jpg|thumb|right|The logo of the Beijing Subway contains the subway's abbreviation, B.G.D.]]
The subway's logo, a capital letter "G" encircling a capital letter "D" with the letter "B" [[silhouette]]d inside the letter D, was designed by Zhang Lide, a subway employee, and officially designated in April 1984.<ref>{{cite web |language=zh-hans |url=http://project.newsccn.com/2012-06-01/147386.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130626210121/http://project.newsccn.com/2012-06-01/147386.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=June 26, 2013 |script-title=zh:中国地铁标志花样迭出 地铁建设如火如荼 |publisher=中国建筑新闻网 |date=June 1, 2012 |access-date=June 4, 2012}}</ref> The letters B, G, and D form the [[pinyin]] abbreviation for 
"{{linktext|北京|高速|电车}}" ({{lang-zh|p=Běijīng gāosù diànchē |l=Beijing high-speed electric carriage |links=no}}).

===Subway Culture Park===
[[File:G124 train in Beijing Subway Culture Park 1.jpg|thumb|left|A decommissioned Line 1 car in the Beijing Subway Culture Park]]
The Beijing Subway Culture Park, located near {{stl|BJS|Xihongmen}} in Daxing District, opened in 2010 to commemorate the 40-year history of the Beijing Subway.<ref name="Subway Cultural Park">{{cite web |language=zh-hans |url=http://city.china.com.cn/index.php?m=content&c=index&a=show&catid=111&id=21227345 |author=Li Zhiyong |script-title=zh:北京建成首座地铁主题文化公园 |trans-title=Beijing constructs first subway-themed culture park |publisher=[[Xinhua News]] |date=October 28, 2010 |access-date=October 3, 2013 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20131003053428/http://city.china.com.cn/index.php?m=content&c=index&a=show&catid=111&id=21227345 |archive-date=October 3, 2013 |url-status=dead }}</ref> The {{convert|19|ha|acre|abbr=on}} park was built using dirt and debris removed from the construction of the [[Daxing line]] and contains old [[Beijing Subway rolling stock|rolling stock]], sculpture, and informational displays.<ref name="Subway Cultural Park"/> Admission to the park is free.

==Beijing Suburban Railway==
{{main|Beijing Suburban Railway}}
The [[Beijing Suburban Railway]], a suburban commuter train service, is managed separately from the Beijing Subway. The two systems, although complementary, are not related to each other operationally. Beijing Suburban Railway is operated by the [[China Railway Beijing Group]].

There are 4 suburban railway lines currently in operation: [[Line S2, BCR|Line S2]], [[Sub-Central line]], [[Huairou–Miyun line]] and [[Tongmi line]].

== Network map ==
{{Rapid transit OSM map
| system_qid   = Q235319
| frame-lat    = 39.91
| frame-long   = 116.39
| frame-width  = 700
| frame-height = 550
| zoom         = 9
| length       = yes
}}

==See also==
* [[List of Beijing Subway stations]]
* [[Transport in Beijing]]
* [[List of metro systems]]
* [[Urban rail transit in China]]

== Notes ==
{{Notelist}}

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
<!--{{Attached KML|display=inline,title}}-->
{{commons and category|Beijing Subway|Beijing Subway}}
* [http://www.bjsubway.com/ Official Beijing Subway website]. Detailed information only for the lines operated by Beijing Subway.
* [http://www.mtr.bj.cn/index.html Official Beijing MTR Website] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160119183856/http://www.mtr.bj.cn/index.html |date=January 19, 2016 }} (Chinese). For the 5 lines operated by [[MTR Beijing]].
* [http://www.mtr.bj.cn/en/ Official Beijing MTR Website] (English)
* [http://www.bjmoa.cn Official Beijing Metro Operation Administration (BJMOA) Website] For [[Line 19 (Beijing Subway)|Line 19]], [[Yanfang line]], [[Daxing Airport Express]] operated by Beijing Metro Operation Administration (BJMOA).
* [http://www.urbanrail.net/as/cn/beij/beijing.htm Beijing Subway Information on UrbanRail.net]
<!-- very outdated websites
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20041013144108/http://www.thebeijingguide.com/subway/subway.html The Beijing Guide]
* [http://world.nycsubway.org/world/cn/beijing.html Beijing Subway] at world.nycsubway.org
* [http://www.cityrailtransit.com/maps/beijing_map.htm Beijing subway map]-->

{{Clear}}
{{Beijing transit}}
{{Beijing Subway Station
|line1=yes
|line2=yes
|line3=yes
|line4=yes
|line5=yes
|line6=yes
|line7=yes
|line8=yes
|line9=yes
|line10=yes
|line11=yes
|line12=yes
|line13=yes
|line14=yes
|line15=yes
|line16=yes
|line17=yes
|line19=yes
|Changping=yes
|Fangshan=yes
|Yanfang=yes
|Yizhuang=yes
|Airport=yes
|Newairport=yes
|lineS1=yes
|Western=yes
|lineT1=yes
}}
{{Rapid transit in the People's Republic of China}}
{{Internationally Metro Organizations |state_comet = uncollapsed }}
{{MTR Corporation |state = collapsed }}
{{Rapid transit in Asia}}
{{Beijing}}
{{Portal bar|China|Trains}}
{{Authority control}}

{{coord|39.9138|N|116.3916|E|source:wikidata|display=title}}

[[Category:Beijing Subway| ]]
[[Category:Underground rapid transit in China]]
[[Category:Busking venues]]
[[Category:1969 establishments in China]]
[[Category:Railway lines opened in 1969]]
[[Category:Standard-gauge railways in China]]
[[Category:1969 in Beijing]]