View source for Battle of Beecher Island

{{Short description|1868 battle in the American Indian Wars}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2020}}
{{Infobox military conflict
|conflict=Battle of Beecher Island
|partof=the [[Comanche Campaign|Comanche War]], [[Indian Wars#West of the Mississippi (1823–1890)|American Indian Wars]]
| image= Republican River with Beecher Island highlighted.png
| image_size = 300
|caption=A map of the Republican River and its tributaries, with the location of Beecher Island highlighted in red.
|date= 17–19 September 1868
|place=[[Yuma County, Colorado|Yuma County]], Colorado
|coordinates = {{coord|39.87165|-102.1855|region:US-CO_type:event|format=dms|display=inline,title}}
|result=United States victory
|combatant1={{flag|United States|1867}}
|combatant2= [[Arapaho people|Arapaho]]<br/>[[Cheyenne people|Cheyenne]]<br/> [[Lakota people|Sioux]]
|commander1={{flagicon|United States|1867}} [[George Alexander Forsyth|Brv-Col. G. A. Forsyth]]<br/>{{flagicon|United States|1867}} Lt. F. H. Beecher†<br/>J. H. Mooers, Surgeon†
|commander2=[[Roman Nose]]†
|strength1=50 civilian scouts
|strength2=200–1,000 [[warrior]]s
|casualties1=6 killed<br>15 wounded<ref name = AMH14/>
|casualties2=9–32 killed<ref>{{cite book |title=Hero of Beecher Island: The Life and Military Career of George A. Forsyth |last=Dixon|first=David|year= 1994 |publisher= University of Nebraska Press |isbn=0-8032-1700-5 |page=87 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=AohoktJT5qAC&q=indian+casualties+beecher+island&pg=PA87}}</ref>
|map_type= Colorado
|map_caption= Location within Colorado
|map_label= Beecher Island Battlefield
}}
{{Campaignbox Comanche Campaign}}

The '''Battle of Beecher Island''', also known as the '''Battle of Arikaree Fork''', was an armed conflict between several of the [[Plains Indians|Plains Native American]] tribes and '''Forsyth's Scouts''', a company of selected civilian frontiersmen, recruited and commanded by Brevet-Colonel [[George Alexander Forsyth]].  The battle occurred in late September 1868 with Forsyth and the scouts making a stand at [[Beecher Island]], on the [[Arikaree River]], then known as part of the North Fork of the [[Republican River]], near present-day [[Wray, Colorado]], named afterwards for Lieutenant '''Fredrick H. Beecher''', Forsyth's executive officer killed during the battle.

==Background==
In the summer and fall of 1868, continuing their annual seasonal raiding activities between the [[Arkansas River|Arkansas]] and [[Platte River]]s in what was also the region of their best buffalo hunting, bands of [[Cheyenne]] and [[Arapaho]] Indians conducted raids against whites throughout the western [[Great Plains]] in [[Kansas]]. In addition, they found incentive in the warfare that had been waged specifically against their clans by the military in 1867 and by memories of such atrocities as the [[Sand Creek massacre]]. Finally, the westward movement of the [[transcontinental railroad]] had stretched all the way across Kansas, bringing with it many permanent white settlements.

During the period 1867–1868, the Cheyenne were in schism, with those advocating peace (possibly a majority) retreating south out of Kansas and the younger, intractable warrior societies continuing to raid. The latter during the summer of 1867 had successfully avoided a large expedition commanded by Maj. Gen. [[Winfield S. Hancock]] and in the process had garnered sympathy from Americans in the East who supported peaceful negotiations after Hancock attempted to force the Cheyenne to submit and burned their abandoned villages when they did not.

In August 1868, General [[Philip Sheridan]] replaced Hancock in command of the [[Department of the Missouri]] and was asked by acting Governor Frank Hall of [[Colorado]] for assistance after 79 settlers were killed in repeated attacks on farms, ranches, way stations, and travel routes. Sheridan's main effort was to be made south of the Arkansas during a winter campaign in the [[Indian Territory]], but he remained active in Kansas during the warmer weather, patrolling the Arkansas with the [[7th Cavalry Regiment (United States)|7th Cavalry]] and the area between the [[Republican River|Republican]] and [[Smoky Hill River]]s using the [[10th Cavalry Regiment (United States)|10th Cavalry]].

===Unit formation===
As the Indians fought dispersed battles composed of small bands of warriors all over the frontier, U.S. Army troops and units were at a premium. General Sheridan decided to try an unusual tactic. He ordered his aide, Major [[George Alexander Forsyth]] of the [[9th Cavalry Regiment (United States)|9th Cavalry]], a [[American Civil War|Civil War]] veteran, to raise a company of "fifty first-class hardy frontiersmen, to be used as scouts against the hostile Indians."<ref name="AMH14">{{cite book|url=http://www.history.army.mil/books/AMH-V1/index.htm|title=American Military History Volume 1|publisher=[[United States Army Center of Military History]]|year=2005|editor=Richard W. Stewart|series=Army Lineage Series|chapter=Winning the West: The Army in the Indian Wars 1865–1890|id=CMH Pub 30-21|chapter-url=http://www.history.army.mil/books/AMH-V1/ch14.htm|access-date=15 July 2010|archive-date=6 July 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140706132423/http://www.history.army.mil/books/AMH-V1/index.htm|url-status=dead}}</ref> They were to seek out and engage the marauders using their tactics, rather than those of the traditional Army. As the scouts were civilians, Forsyth's orders authorized him to "enter into such articles of agreement with these men as will compel obedience."<ref name="buff" >{{cite web |title= Forsyth Scouts, Beecher Island 17-25 September 1868, Yuma County, Colorado |url= https://abuffalosoldier.com/forsyth.htm |website= The New Buffalo Soldiers |access-date= 2024-08-31 }}</ref>

At [[Fort Harker (Kansas)|Fort Harker]], [[Fort Hays]], and Fort Wallace, Forsyth recruited over 50 civilian scouts, "selected from the best marksmen and hunters on the plains,"<ref name=Armes236>{{cite book |title=Ups and Downs of an Army Officer |last=Armes |first=George Augustus |year=1900 |publisher=C. L. Taylor Publishing |location=Washington D. C. |page= [https://archive.org/details/upsanddownsanar00armegoog/page/272/mode/2up?q=forsyth 272] |url=https://archive.org/details/upsanddownsanar00armegoog |quote= |access-date= 2024-08-31}}</ref> and armed them with [[Spencer repeating rifle]]s. Forsyth's executive officer was Lieutenant Fredrick H. Beecher of the [[3rd Infantry Regiment (United States)|3rd Infantry]], a decorated veteran of the [[Battle of Gettysburg]]. Also attached was Acting Assistant Surgeon J. H. Mooers, a civilian contract surgeon with a practice in [[Hays, Kansas|Hays City]].<ref name="buff" />

Forsyth's company rode northwest nearly to Nebraska, then turned southwest and reached [[Fort Wallace]] the night of 5 September without finding any trace of Indians.

==The engagement==
During the morning of 10 September, the troops at Fort Wallace received information that Indians had attacked a freighter's train {{convert|13|mi}} east of Ft. Wallace, near the railhead (at that time) of the [[Kansas Pacific Railway|Kansas Pacific Railroad]], which was the since-abandoned town of [[List of ghost towns in Kansas|Sheridan]] in [[Logan County, Kansas]].<ref name=ksmemp16>{{cite web|last=Kansas Pacific Railway|title=Hand Book for the Kansas Pacific Railway|url=http://www.kansasmemory.org/item/209739/page/16|year=1870|access-date=29 May 2012}}</ref> [[Brevet (military)|Brevet]] [[Colonel]] Forsyth and his group of scouts departed Fort Wallace with orders to counter the raid.  Col. Forsyth took his command to investigate. They learned that a force of about 25 Indians had taken part in the attack. They followed their trail into what is now [[Yuma County, Colorado]].<ref name=zion>{{cite web|last=Zion|first=Lee C.|title=Forsyth Scouts, Beecher Island 17–25 September 1868|url=http://abuffalosoldier.com/forsyth.htm|work=History of the Regiment|access-date=14 May 2011}}</ref>{{Better source needed|date=June 2021}}

The trail was heavily beaten, indicating that the opposing force considerably outnumbered the scouts, but the unit nonetheless pressed on.{{Sfn|Nevin|1973|p=19}} Around dusk on the 16th, Forsyth and his men arrived in the vicinity of the "Dry Fork of the Republican River" (reported at the time as "Delaware Creek"—now the [[Arikaree River]]) and made camp on the south bank. They camped only {{convert|12|mi}} downstream from a large encampment of two Lakota villages, one of [[Cheyenne]] [[Dog Soldiers]] (led by [[Roman Nose]]) and a few lodges of [[Arapaho people|Arapaho]].<ref name=smallbone>{{cite web|last=Smallbone|first=Chris|title=1865-9 Clearing the Central Plains for the Railroad|url=http://www.nativeamerican.co.uk/fullmedicine.html|date=March 2006|access-date=14 May 2011}}</ref>{{Sfn|Nevin|1973|pp=19, 21}} A group of Sioux warriors soon announced the arrival of Forsyth's men.{{Sfn|Nevin|1973|p=21}}

===Indian surprise thwarted===
By the morning of the 17th, hundreds of Indians (variously estimated to number 200, 600, or 1,000)<ref name="legendsofamerica.com">{{cite web|last=Sheldon|first=Addison Erwin|year=1913|title=The Battle of Beecher Island|url=http://www.legendsofamerica.com/OZ-BeecherIsland.html|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090527191622/http://www.legendsofamerica.com/OZ-BeecherIsland.html|archive-date=27 May 2009|access-date=11 May 2011}}</ref><ref name="AMH14" /><ref name="lockard">{{cite journal|last=Lockard|first=F. M.|date=September 1927|title=A Version of a Famous Battle|url=http://digital.library.okstate.edu/chronicles/v005/v005p297.html|url-status=live|publisher=Chronicles of Oklahoma|volume=5|issue=3|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110523213059/http://digital.library.okstate.edu/Chronicles/v005/v005p297.html|archive-date=23 May 2011|access-date=14 May 2011}}</ref> had positioned themselves among the bluffs around Forsyth's camp. A group of eight tried to stampede the soldiers' horses, and Forsyth heard their war cries.{{Sfn|Nevin|1973|p=21}} Soldiers thwarted them, while the rest mounted their horses. Dozens of Indians galloped towards Forsyth on the riverbed opposite the way he and his men had entered it.{{Sfn|Nevin|1973|p=21}} These were driven back and Forsyth directed his men to cross the river's shallows to [[Beecher Island|a sandbar]], where they tied their horses to bushes to form a barricade.{{Sfn|Nevin|1973|p=21}}

The initial assault by the Indians was cut down by the accurate, quick-firing [[Spencer repeating rifle|Spencer rifles]]. The combined force of [[Lakota people|Oglala Sioux]] and Cheyenne Indians were surprised and changed their tactics.<ref name="oldtrail" />

During the early morning of the first day of battle, small parties of Indians dashed up to the sand bar on horseback several times, but they did little damage to the scouts. The scouts killed their horses for [[Breastwork (fortification)|breastworks]] and dug pits into the soft sand behind them.<ref name="oldtrail">{{cite web|title=The Old Trail Town Cemetery|url=http://www.ultimatewyoming.com/sectionpages/sec2/extras/oldtrailtowncemetery.html|publisher=Ultimate Wyoming Historical Site|access-date=14 May 2011|archive-date=24 July 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110724093021/http://www.ultimatewyoming.com/sectionpages/sec2/extras/oldtrailtowncemetery.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> When the scouts opened fire, the Indians attacked the island on both sides. Later they crawled through the grass and shot through the grass. Several scouts who were killed or wounded were hit by the Indian snipers hidden in the grass. The Indians surrounded the island and repeatedly attacked the scouts. Three scouts hidden in hole on the riverbank shot several Indians from the shore.<ref name="lockard" />
[[File:The death of Roman Nose.jpg|thumb|Roman nose is shot (from an 1895 book)]]
Roman Nose initially abstained from the battle, believing he would die if he fought that day because he had violated a protective taboo. After another Indian accused him of cowardice, he decided to lead the next attack.{{Sfn|Nevin|1973|p=21}} When Forsyth saw the charge coming, he ordered his men to hold their fire until the Indians were 50 yards away.{{Sfn|Nevin|1973|pp=21–22}} After several [[Volley fire|volleys]], Roman Nose was shot in the back{{Sfn|Nevin|1973|p=22}} on the riverbank at the west end of the sand bar. He jumped back into the grass where other warriors retrieved him. He died at 10 pm that night.<ref name=lockard/>

Many other warriors fell, while four of the scouts including Beecher, Acting Surgeon J.H. Mooers, George W. Culver, and William Wilson were killed. Another 15 scouts were wounded, including Colonel Forsyth. Forsyth had received three gunshot wounds: one glancing his head, another shattering his left shin, and a ball was lodged against his right [[femoral artery]].<ref name="legendsofamerica.com"/>{{Sfn|Nevin|1973|p=22}}

===Scouts sent for relief===
Before dawn on the second day, Forsyth said, "Some one must go to [[Fort Wallace|Wallace]] for assistance." Sharp Grover, who was chief of scouts, said "It is impossible to get out." Then Stilwell came forward and said, "Let me choose the man to go with me and I will go." Grover said, "Jack is too young and inexperienced, he can't get through." Ft. Wallace was about {{convert|70|mi}} to the south east. But Forsyth tore off the fly leaf out of his daybook, wrote a note to Col. Bankhead at Ft. Wallace, and gave it to [[Simpson E. Stilwell|Simpson "Jack" Stilwell]].<ref name=ahlquist>{{cite web|last=Ahlquist|first=Diron Lacina|title=Simpson Everett "Jack" Stilwell|url=http://www.usgennet.org/usa/ok/topic/lawmen/outlaws/stilwell.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100607121237/http://www.usgennet.org/usa/ok/topic/lawmen/outlaws/stilwell.htm|url-status=dead|archive-date=7 June 2010|publisher=Lawmen & Outlaws|access-date=12 May 2011|year=2003}}</ref>

Stilwell chose Pierre Trudeau to come with him.  They crawled for {{convert|3|mi}} the first day before they took cover in the daylight. They were forced to evade Indians for four days during their journey.<ref name=thrapp >{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NCObM3OAPuwC |last=Thrapp|first=Dan L.|title=Encyclopedia of Frontier Biography, Volume 3: P-Z|year=1991|publisher=University of Nebraska Press|location=Lincoln, Nebraska|isbn=978-0-8032-9420-2|edition= Bison Book print}}</ref>{{rp|1370}} They had only horse meat for food and when it spoiled they got sick. Trudeau was so weak he could only stand with assistance, but after resting and traveling for four days they reached Fort Wallace.  Two nights after Stilwell and Trudeau left, Scouts John J. Donovan and Allison J. Pliley left the island to seek relief.  It was unknown if Scouts Stilwell and Trudeau had made it through the Indian lines. On the fourth day of the battle, Forsyth asked his men to extract the bullet; when they refused, he used his own razor to remove it.{{Sfn|Nevin|1973|pp=22, 24}} Others thought Forsyth would die of his wounds before they would be rescued.<ref name=lockard/>
<gallery>
File:The Battle of Beecher Island.jpg|''Defending the Island''<br/> One soldier and three horses have fallen, while others continue to wage the battle.
File:U. S. Cavalry soldiers during the Battle of Beecher Island.jpg|''In the pits''<br/> An officer hands a wounded soldier water as another man drinks from a pool, while a third prepares to fire his rifle.
File:Roman Nose.jpg|''Chief Roman Nose''<br/> Roman Nose, on horseback, taunts the U.S. soldiers as a group of spectators on horseback cheer him on.
File:The Rescue.jpg|''The Rescue''<br/> A soldier offers aid to his wounded comrade after the Battle of Beecher Island. The Harper's article states that this is Bvt. Col. [[Louis H. Carpenter]] greeting Lt. Col. G. A. Forsyth who was twice wounded. Notice officer shoulder boards.
</gallery>

===Relieved===
Three rescue parties departed following different routes due to the uncertainty of the Scout's location. The first was [[Lieutenant Colonel]] [[Louis H. Carpenter]] leading Troop H & I of the [[10th Cavalry Regiment (United States)|10th Cavalry Regiment]] ([[Buffalo Soldiers]]) with Captain Baldwin. Major Brisbin in command of two troops of the [[2d Stryker Cavalry Regiment|2nd Cavalry]] took another route. Captain Bankhead, went from Fort Wallace with about 100 men of the [[5th Infantry Regiment (United States)|5th Infantry]], took a third route.<ref name=Beecher>{{Cite book  |last=Carpenter |first=Louis Henry, Brig. Gen, retired  |title=Carpenter's Recollections: The Battle of Beecher Island  |publisher=Kansas State Historical Society |access-date=1 August 2009 |year=1912 |url=http://abuffalosoldier.com/carpenterreco.htm }} Letter written in 1912 from Carpenter to Mr. George Martin of the Kansas State Historical Society.</ref>

About daybreak on 25 September, Lt.Col. Carpenter's Troops H & I<ref name=thrapp/> were intercepted on the plains by Scout John Donovan and four riders he had recruited after reaching Fort Wallace and starting back for the battlefield.  They were the first to arrive and relieve Forsyth's unit. Carpenter later received the [[Medal of Honor]] for his relief of Forsyth's command and for his actions during the [[Louis H. Carpenter#Battle of Beaver Creek|battle on Beaver Creek.]]

Over fifty dead horses greeted them with their putrid smell. Forsyth's command had been out of rations and forced to survive on the decaying horse flesh.{{Sfn|Nevin|1973|p=24}} The air around Forsyth was completely filled with a great stench and was swarming with black flies feasting on the rotting defensive line of dead horses. The square sandy hole, where Forsyth was lying was half encircled by dead mounts and would have become his grave if help had not arrived when it did. Other gun pits, interconnected, contained the living and the dead of his unit.<ref name=Beecher/>

Carpenter immediately secured the area and pitched a number of tents up wind nearby. The wounded men were carefully carried there for more healthy air and the dead men were buried to reduce the stench and possibility of disease. Twenty-six hours later, Carpenter sent a detachment to look for Bankhead's unit. They found Stilwell and Trudeau several miles in advance of Bankhead. Captain Bankhead followed bringing with him the two troops of the 2nd Cavalry.<ref name=Beecher/>

The following day, a fifth scout died of his wounds and was buried on the battlefield with the other four scouts. Walter Armstrong died in a hospital later.<ref name=Beecher/> Beecher, Culver, Farley, Wilson and Doctor Mooers were buried on the island. Sixteen others were wounded. On 27 September, the Forsyth Scouts departed for Fort Wallace, escorted by the 10th Cavalry.<ref name=Beecher/>

==Aftermath==
[[File:Beecher Island Monument.png|thumb|Beecher Island Monument, 1899]]
The "Forsyth Scouts" arrived back at Fort Wallace on 30 September. General [[George Custer]] later proclaimed that the Arickaree fight was "…the greatest battle on the plains."  To the Cheyenne, the engagement would be remembered as "The Fight when Roman Nose was Killed." Only nine Indians were confirmed killed, but the U.S. soldiers claimed to have slain hundreds. Years later Forsyth had a chance encounter with a Brule Lakota warrior who was at the battle. Through an interpreter this warrior recounted that the natives had suffered 75 dead and numerous more wounded.{{Sfn|Nevin|1973|p=24}} The fight's significance as a tactical model for combating the Indians was largely ignored.{{Citation needed|date=June 2021}} The location of the battle was listed on the [[National Register of Historic Places]] in 1976.

The next spring Captain Brown returned to retrieve the bodies. He found Culver and Farley's remains, but Beecher, Wilson and Doctor Mooers' graves were empty, apparently removed by Indians. Culver and Farley were re-buried at Ft. Wallace.<ref name=lockard/>

A monument was erected by the states of Colorado and Kansas at the site of the battle.<ref>{{cite archive|first=|last=|item=photograph|item-url=https://contentdm.lib.byu.edu/digital/collection/Camp/id/271/rec/7|type=|item-id=170|date=|page=|pages=|fonds=MSS P|series=16|file=|box=|collection=Walter Mason Camp photograph collection|collection-url=https://contentdm.lib.byu.edu/digital/collection/Camp/search/page/1|repository=|institution=Brigham Young University|location=|oclc=|accession=}}</ref>

==Historic designations==
* [[National Register of Historic Places]] [http://www.nationalregisterofhistoricplaces.com/CO/Yuma/state.html #NPS–76000569] — "Beecher Island Battleground Memorial" site
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20060219212523/http://www.coloradohistory-oahp.org/programareas/register/1503/cty/ym.htm Colorado State Register Property]

{{Commons category|Battle of Beecher Island}}

==See also==
*[[Ehyophsta]]
*[[List of battles fought in Colorado]]

==References==
{{Reflist|colwidth=30em}}

=== Sources ===

* {{Cite book|last=Nevin|first=David|url=https://archive.org/details/soldiers00nevi|title=The Old West: Soldiers|publisher=[[Time-Life Books]]|year=1973|location=New York}}

==Further reading==
* {{cite journal|last=Lockard|first=F. M.|title=A Version of a Famous Battle|url=http://digital.library.okstate.edu/chronicles/v005/v005p297.html|publisher=Chronicles of Oklahoma|date=September 1927|volume=5|issue=3| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20110523213059/http://digital.library.okstate.edu/Chronicles/v005/v005p297.html| archive-date= 23 May 2011 | url-status= live}}
* {{cite web|title=Battle of Arickaree|work=Pioneer History of Kansas|url=http://www.kancoll.org/books/roenigk/chpt18.htm|access-date=29 November 2005| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20051118174328/http://www.kancoll.org/books/roenigk/chpt18.htm| archive-date= 18 November 2005 | url-status= live}}
* {{cite web
 |title=The Battle of Arickaree Fork or Beecher Island
 |work=History and Stories of Nebraska
 |url=http://www.olden-times.com/OldtimeNebraska/n-csnyder/nbstory/story32.html
 |access-date=9 December 2005
 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051024151042/http://olden-times.com/OldtimeNebraska/n-csnyder/nbstory/story32.html
 |archive-date=24 October 2005
 |url-status=dead}}
*
* {{cite web|title=Battle of Beecher's Island, 1868 |work=Fort Tours |url=http://www.forttours.com/pages/tocbeechr.asp |access-date=29 November 2005 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060329161214/http://www.forttours.com/pages/tocbeechr.asp |archive-date=29 March 2006 |url-status=dead}}
* {{cite web|title=Beecher Island Battle |work=Beecher Island |url=http://www.rootsweb.com/~coyuma/data/souvenir/beecher.htm |access-date=7 December 2005 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051110235334/http://www.rootsweb.com/~coyuma/data/souvenir/beecher.htm |archive-date=10 November 2005 |url-status=dead}}
* {{cite web|title=History of the Regiment|work=Campaigning with the Buffalo Soldiers|url=http://abuffalosoldier.com/beecherdix.htm|access-date=7 December 2005}}
* {{cite book|author=Yenne, Bill|year=2005|title=Indian Wars: The Campaign for the American West|publisher=Westholme, Yardley, PA|isbn=1-59416-016-3|url-access=registration|url=https://archive.org/details/isbn_9781594160165}}
* {{cite book|author=Dixon, David|year=1994|title=Hero of Beecher Island: The Life and Military Career of George A. Forsyth|publisher=University of Nebraska Press, Lincoln, NE|isbn=0-8032-1700-5|url-access=registration|url=https://archive.org/details/heroofbeecherisl00dixo}}
* John H. Monnett, ''The Battle of Beecher Island and the Indian War of 1867–1869'', University Press of Colorado (1 May 1994), Trade paperback, 248 pages, {{ISBN|0-87081-347-1}} {{ISBN|978-0870813474}}

==External links==
{{sister project links}}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20050901102755/http://www.rootsweb.com/~usgenweb/co/costones/yuma/beecher.htm Beecher's Island Battlefield Monument]
* [http://abuffalosoldier.com/carpenterreco.htm Carpenter's Recollections], an eyewitness account written in 1912 by [[Louis H. Carpenter|L. H. Carpenter]], Brigadier General, U.S. Army (Retired), leader of the 10th United States Cavalry rescue party.

{{Colorado}}
{{Indigenous People of CO}}
{{Buffalo Soldiers}}
{{Forts in Colorado}}
{{National Register of Historic Places}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:1868 in the United States]]
[[Category:Battles involving the Arapaho|Beecher Island]]
[[Category:Battles involving the Cheyenne|Beecher Island]]
[[Category:Battles involving the Sioux|Beecher Island]]
[[Category:Battles involving the United States|Beecher Island]]
[[Category:African-American history of the United States military]]
[[Category:Comanche campaign|Beecher Island]]
[[Category:Conflicts in 1868|Beecher Island]]
[[Category:Native American history of Colorado]]
[[Category:Military history of Kansas]]
[[Category:Pre-statehood history of Colorado]]
[[Category:Conflict sites on the National Register of Historic Places in Colorado|Beecher Island]]
[[Category:1868 in Colorado Territory]]
[[Category:September 1868]]
[[Category:Battles in Colorado|Beecher]]