View source for Banu Tamim

{{Short description|Arab tribe}}
{{Redirect|Tamimi}}
{{Distinguish|Banu Taym}}
{{Infobox tribe
| name = Banū Tamīm<br>{{Nobold|{{lang|ar|بَنُو تَمِيم}}}}
| type = [[Mudar]]ite Arab tribe
| alt = 
| caption = The Banner of [[Banu Sa'd ibn Zayd Manat]] of Banu Tamim in the [[Battle of Siffin]]
| nisba = Al-Tamīmī<br/>{{lang|ar|ٱلتَّمِيمِيّ}}
| location = [[Arabian Peninsula|Arabia]], [[North Africa]], and [[Levant]]
| descended = [[Tamim ibn Murr]], the son of Murr ibn 'Udd ibn Amr (Tabikhah) ibn Ilyas ibn [[Mudar]] ibn [[Nizar ibn Ma'ad|Nizar]] ibn [[Ma'add]] ibn [[Adnan]]<ref name="RoyalBlood"/>
| branches = * Banu Amr
** Banu Anbar
** Banu Usayd
** [[Banu Asad]]
** Banu Malik
** Banu Harith
** Banu Qalib
* [[Banu Sa'd]]
** Banu Kab
** Banu Amr
** Banu Harith
** Banu Malik
** Banu Awafa
** Banu Jashm
** Banu Abd Shams
* [[Banu Hanzala]]
** Banu Malik
** Banu Yarbu'
* [[Banu Haram]]
** Banu Rabi'a
** Banu Amr
** Banu Marah
** Banu Ghalib
** Banu Kulfa
** Banu Qays
* Banu Rabbab
** Banu Uday
** Banu Tim
** Banu Tawr
** Banu Awf
** Banu Dabba
| religion = [[Islam]]
| ethnicity = [[Arabs|Arab]]
| parent_tribe = [[Mudar|Banu Mudar]]
| language = [[Arabic]]
| image = Banu_Sa'd_ibn_Zayd_Manat_Flag_(34).png
| surnames = * Al Thani

* Al Anbari
* Al Yahya
* Al Awadhi
* Al Rashed
* Al Wahibi
}}
[[File:Pre_Islamic_Arabian_Tribes_(Harold_Dixon).svg|thumb|267x267px|Map of the [[Arabian Peninsula]] in 600 AD, showing the various Arab tribes and their areas of settlement. The [[Lakhmid kingdom|Lakhmids]] (yellow) formed an Arab monarchy as clients of the [[Sasanian Empire]], while the [[Ghassanids]] (red) formed an Arab monarchy as clients of the [[Roman Empire]] A map published by the British academic Harold Dixon during [[World War I]], showing the presence of the Arab tribes in [[West Asia]], 1914]]
The '''Banū Tamīm''' ({{langx|ar|بَنُو تَمِيم}}) are an [[Arabs|Arab]] tribe that originated in [[Najd]] and [[Hejaz]] in the [[Arabian Peninsula]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Lohlker |first=Rüdiger |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=x2cOEAAAQBAJ&pg=PA6 |title=Saudi Arabia in the Mirror of Saudi Cables |date=2020-11-20 |publisher=Logos Verlag Berlin GmbH |isbn=978-3-8325-5200-8 |pages=6 |language=en}}</ref> It is mainly present in [[Saudi Arabia]], [[Qatar]], [[Kuwait]], [[Iraq]],<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Print Article : Bani Tamim |url=http://www.tahoor.com/en/Article/PrintView/117872 |access-date=2022-10-04 |website=www.tahoor.com}}</ref> [[Oman]],<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.agda.ae/en/catalogue/tna/fo/371/156820 | title=FO 371/156820 Tribes of Muscat and Oman }}</ref> [[Jordan]] and [[Lebanon]], and has a strong presence in [[Algeria]],<ref>{{Cite book |author=A. A. Duri |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=32Z4QC_daYEC&pg=PA71 |title=The Historical Formation of the Arab Nation (RLE: The Arab Nation) |year=2012 |isbn=9781136251788 |location=London; New York}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |author=Roger Le Tourneau |year=1968 |title=Mohammed Talbi, l'Émirat aghlabide (184/860—296/909). Histoire politique |url=https://www.persee.fr/doc/remmm_0035-1474_1968_num_5_1_997 |journal=Revue des Mondes Musulmans et de la Méditerranée |volume=5 |issue=1 |pages=172–176}}</ref> and [[Morocco]],<ref name=":0" /> [[Palestine]], [[Tunisia]],<ref name=":1">{{Cite book |last=Melton |first=J. Gordon |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=bI9_AwAAQBAJ&pg=PA577 |title=Faiths Across Time: 5,000 Years of Religious History [4 Volumes]: 5,000 Years of Religious History |date=2014-01-15 |publisher=ABC-CLIO |isbn=978-1-61069-026-3 |pages=577 |language=en}}</ref> and [[Libya]].<ref name=":0" /> It is also present in many other parts of the [[Middle East and North Africa]] region such as [[Egypt]] and [[Khuzestan province|Khuzestan]] in [[Iran]].<ref name=":0" /> The word ''Tamim'' in Arabic means strong and solid.<ref>{{Cite web|title=قبيلة بني تميم العريقة- حمزةالتميمي|url=http://www.bnitamem.com/vb/showthread.php?t=40508|website=www.bnitamem.com|access-date=2015-11-27|archive-date=2018-01-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180101135858/http://www.bnitamem.com/vb/showthread.php?t=40508|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=معلومات عن قبيلة بـني تـميم|url=http://www.traidnt.net/vb/traidnt1320439/|website=www.traidnt.net
|access-date=2015-11-27|archive-date=2018-06-15|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20180615111959/https://www.traidnt.net/vb/traidnt1320439/|url-status=dead}}</ref> It can also mean those who strive for perfection.<ref>{{cite journal|doi=10.2307/3595962|jstor=3595962|journal=Journal of the Economic and Social History of the Orient|volume=8|issue=2|author=M. J. Kister|date=November 1965|title=Mecca and Tamīm (Aspects of Their Relations)|pages=113–163}}</ref>

==History and origin==
The traditional family tree of the Banu Tamim is as follows: [[Tamim ibn Murr]] ibn 'Udd ibn Amr ibn Ilyas ibn [[Mudar]]<ref name="RoyalBlood">{{cite web|url=http://www.royalblood.co.uk/D285/I285311.html|title=Genealogy File: Tamim Ibn Murr|website=Royalblood.co.uk|access-date=2017-02-25|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924092249/http://www.royalblood.co.uk/D285/I285311.html|archive-date=2015-09-24 |url-status=dead }}</ref> bin [[Nizar ibn Ma'ad|Nizar]] bin [[Ma'ad ibn Adnan|Ma'add]] bin [[Adnan]]<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=XjwBAAAAQAAJ&q=tamim&pg=PR193|title=The life of Mahomet|author=William Muir|year=1858}}</ref> - a direct descendant of [[Ishmael in Islam|Isma'il bin Ibrahim]] ([[Ishmael]], son of [[Abraham]]).<ref>The life of Mahomet By William Muir</ref>

The Banu Tamim are one of the largest [[tribes of Arabia]]. The tribe occupied numerous [[Wadi]]s and villages in [[Najd|central]] and [[eastern Arabia]] in the 6th century before playing an important role in the beginning of Islam. They came into contact with [[Muhammad]] in the 8th year of [[Hegira|Hijrah]], but did not immediately convert to [[Islam]].{{citation needed|date=July 2019}} There are ''[[hadith]]s'' which praise virtually all of the major Arab tribal groups.

{{blockquote|I have continued to love Banu Tamim after I heard three things concerning them from Allah's Messenger: "They will be the sternest of my [[Ummah]] against the [[Dajjal]]," one of them was a captive owned by [[Aisha]], and he said: "Free her, for she is a descendant of Ismail," and when their zakat came, he said: "This is the [[zakat]] of our people," or "of my people.""|[[Abu Hurairah]]<ref>(Bukhari, Maghazi, 68.</ref><ref>{{Cite web
|url=https://hadithanswers.com/the-banu-tamim-tribe/|title = The Banu Tamim tribe|date = 28 February 2019}}</ref>|title=|source=}}

== Lineage and branches ==
The Banu Tamim are an [[Adnanites|Adnanite]] tribe, descended from [[Adnan]].

In the genealogical tradition of the tribe, it is argued that there is a direct line that can be drawn from [[Abraham]] to Tamim:
* [[Abraham]]
* [[Ishmael]]
* [[Adnan]]
* [[Ma'ad ibn Adnan|Ma'ad]]
* [[Nizar (Ishmaelites)|Nizar]]
* [[Mudar]]
* [[:ar:إلياس بن مضر|Ilyas]]
* [[:ar:طابخة بن إلياس|Amr (Tabikhah)]]
* 'Ud
* Murr
* Tamim

The tribe is mainly divided into four main branches, namely:
* Amr
* [[Banu Hanzala]]
* [[Banu Sa'd]]
* Al-Rabbab

The tribe was mainly concentrated in the central and northern parts of [[Najd]] before the [[spread of Islam]], but had spread across the Arabian Peninsula after the Islamic conquest of the region, then spread to areas ruled by subsequent caliphates.

The tribe extends west to [[Morocco]] and east to [[Khuzestan province|Khuzestan]]. After the [[Early Muslim conquests|Islamic conquests]], the tribe migrated to modern-day [[Tunisia]],<ref name=":1" /> [[Iraq]],<ref name=":0" /> [[Morocco]],<ref name=":0" /> the [[Khuzestan province|Khuzestan]] and [[Khorasan province|Khorasan]] regions of [[Iran]], and other parts of the [[Arab world]]. The Banu Tamim held significant power for centuries in these areas, in the form of the [[Aghlabids]] and other minor dynasties.

==Dynasties==
* [[Aghlabids]] – ruling dynasty of [[Ifriqiya]] (modern-day [[Tunisia]], [[Algeria]], and [[Libya]]) from 800 to 909 which also controlled parts of [[southern Italy]] and [[Sicily]].
*[[House of Thani|Al Thani]] – ruling dynasty of [[Qatar]] since 1847.
*[[Al ash-Sheikh]] – family of the [[Grand Mufti]]s of the [[Emirate of Diriyah]], then the [[Emirate of Nejd|Emirate of Najd]] and now modern-day [[Saudi Arabia]] for religious matters.
* [[Al Khater]] – family of the [[Middle East]] based primarily in [[Qatar]], [[Saudi Arabia]], and [[Bahrain]].
*[[Majali|Al Majali]] – family based in [[Al-Karak]] in modern-day [[Jordan]] since the 1770s.
* [[Mu'ammarid Imamate|Al Mu'ammar]] – ruling dynasty of [[Najd]] based in [['Uyayna|Al-'Uyaynah]] from the seventeenth to the eighteenth century, their lineage goes back to the Anaqir of Banu Tamim.

== Notable people ==
[[Medieval]] and [[Pre-Islamic Arabia|pre-Islamic]]:
* [[Khabbab ibn al-Aratt]] – a [[Sahaba|companion]] of Muhammad<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.usc.edu/dept/MSA/history/biographies/sahaabah/bio.KHABBAB_IBN_AL_ARATT.html |title=Khabbab ibn al-Aratt |access-date=2011-08-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060523043612/http://www.usc.edu/dept/MSA/history/biographies/sahaabah/bio.KHABBAB_IBN_AL_ARATT.html |archive-date=2006-05-23 |url-status=dead}}</ref>
* [[Ahnaf ibn Qais]] – companion of [[Umar ibn al-Khattab]]
* [[Al-Qa'qa'a ibn Amr at-Tamimi]] – A [[Rashidun]] general, participated in both the conquest of the [[Levant]] and the [[Sassanid]] Iran.
* [[Al-Hurr ibn Yazid al Tamimi]] – A general of the [[Umayyad Caliphate|Umayyads]] who defected to [[Husayn ibn Ali]]
* [[Abu Al Fazal Abdul Wahid Yemeni Tamimi]] – Muslim saint Of the Junaidia order
* [[Abd-Allah ibn Ibadh]] al-Tamimi<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=m9MyTKFbJkwC&q=ibn+Ibadh+banu+tamim|title=Milla Wa-milla|date=1961|publisher=Department of Middle Eastern Studies, University of Melbourne.|language=en}} p.46</ref> – Founder of the [[Ibadi]] sect
* [[Alqama al-Fahl]] - Pre-Islamic poet, renown for being one of the famous contributors to the [[Mu'allaqat]], rival to [[Imru' al-Qais]]
* [[Jarir (poet)|Jarīr]] – Classical Arab poet{{citation needed|date=August 2022}} and rival of Al-Farazdaq
* [[Al-Farazdaq]] – [[Umayyad Caliphate|Umayyad]] Classical poet, rival of Jarir
* [[Abu Mansur al-Baghdadi]] – Shafi'i scholar and mathematician from [[Baghdad]]
* [[Musa ibn Ka'b al-Tamimi]] – provincial Abbasid Governor in mid 8th century
* [[Muhammed ibn Umail al-Tamimi]] – tenth century alchemist from [[Al-Andalus]]
* [[Abu Abdullah Muhammad bin Sa'id al-Tamimi]] – physician in [[Palestine (region)|Palestine]] during the 10th century [[Common Era|CE]]
* [[Ibn Ishaq al-Tunisi|Ibn Ishaq al-Tamimi al-Tunisi]] – 13th century [[Tunisia]]n astronomer and the author of an important ''zij''
* [[Yahya ibn Aktham]] – Chief judge of the Abbasid Caliphate
* [[Aktham ibn Sayfi]] – pre-Islamic figure known as "Judge of the Arabs"
* [[Khazim ibn Khuzayma al-Tamimi]] – Khurasani Arab military leader, Abbasid Revolutionary
* [[Ibrahim I ibn al-Aghlab]] – founder of the [[Aghlabids]]' vassal, the emirs of [[Ifriqiya]] and [[Emirate of Sicily|Sicily]] from 800 to 909
* [[Munzir ibn Sawa Al Tamimi]] – ruler of eastern parts of archaic Arabian peninsula who converted to Islam
* [[Sheikh Edebali]] – Sufi Master who served in the foundation of the Ottoman Empire and father-in-law of its founder [[Osman I]]
* [[Qatari ibn al-Fuja'a]] – Kharjite leader and poet who led an uprising against the Umayyads from Persia
* [[Rebi'i bin Aamer Al-Tamimi|Rebi’i bin Aamer Al-Tamimi]] – Companion of the Prophet of Islam Muhammad.
* [[Munzir ibn Sawa Al-Tamimi]] – Governor of historical Bahrain, the eastern coast of the Arabian peninsula
* [[Ishaq ibn Rahwayh]] – jurist and imam of Khorasan – One of the Lisan Al-Arab
* [[Tabikha ibn Ilyas]] – tribal leader
* [[Ubayd Allah al-Anbari]] – Arab jurist, poet, lexicographer, genealogist and governor of [[Basra]] under the Abbassids
*[[Al-Nadr ibn Shumayl]] – Arab scholar and poet

[[Modern Era]]:
* [[Muhammad ibn Abd al-Wahhab]]<ref>{{Cite web|title=Bid'ah Busters Dawah Salafiyyah Online|url=https://www.facebook.com/dawahsalafiyyahonline/photos/a.492207547535171/920670358022219/?type=3|archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/iarchive/facebook/492196347536291/920670358022219 |archive-date=2022-02-26|url-access=limited|access-date=2020-10-02|website=www.facebook.com}}{{cbignore}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|author=Madawi al-Rasheed|year=2010|title=A History of Saudi Arabia|publisher=Cambridge University Press|page=15
|isbn=978-0-521-76128-4}}</ref> – founder of Nejdi Salafi movement and author of [[Kitāb at-Tawḥīd]]
* [[Jassim bin Mohammed Al Thani]] – founder of the State of Qatar
* [[Muhammad Ibn Saalih Ibn 'Uthaymeen|Muhammad Ibn al 'Uthaymīn]] (d. 2001 C.E.) – Saudi [[Salafi]] preacher
* [[Abdul-Rahman al-Sa'di]] – Saudi Islamic Scholar
* [[Abdulaziz Al Sheikh]] – current Grand Mufti of Saudi Arabia
* [[Tamim bin Hamad Al Thani]] – Emir of Qatar
* [[:ar:محمد العوضي|Mohammad bin Ibrahim Al-Awadhi]] – Kuwaiti Islamic preacher
* [[Ali Abdullah Al-Daffa]] – Saudi mathematician, scientist, author, professor

==References==
<references />

==External links==
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20150924092249/http://www.royalblood.co.uk/D285/I285311.html Royal Ancestry File]
* [https://books.google.com/books?id=XjwBAAAAQAAJ&dq=tamim&pg=PR193 The life of Mahomet] by [[William Muir]]

{{Historical Arab tribes}}
{{Arab tribes in Saudi Arabia}}
{{Arab tribes in Qatar}}
{{Arab tribes in Iraq}}
{{Arab tribes in Algeria}}
{{Arab tribes of Morocco}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Tamim}}
[[Category:Banu Tamim| ]]
[[Category:Tribes of Arabia]]
[[Category:Tribes of Saudi Arabia]]
[[Category:Tribes of Libya|Banu Tamim]]
[[Category:Yemeni tribes]]
[[Category:Tribes of Iraq]]
[[Category:Tribes of Syria]]
[[Category:Arab tribes in Morocco]]
[[Category:Tribes of Jordan]]
[[Category:Arab tribes in Algeria]]
[[Category:Tribes of Palestine]]
[[Category:Tribes of Oman]]