View source for Banknotes of the Canadian dollar

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{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2022}}
[[Image:Canadian Frontier Banknotes faces.png|thumb|1500px|[[Obverse and reverse|Obverse]] of the 2011 [[Frontier (banknotes)|Frontier series]] depicting portraits of [[Wilfrid Laurier]] ($5), [[John A. Macdonald]] ($10), [[Elizabeth II|Queen Elizabeth II]] ($20), [[William Lyon Mackenzie King]] ($50), and [[Robert Borden]] ($100)]]

'''Banknotes of the Canadian dollar''' are the [[banknote]]s or '''bills''' (in common lexicon) of [[Canada]], denominated in [[Canadian dollar]]s (CAD, C$, or [[$]] locally). Currently, they are issued in $5, $10, $20, $50, and $100 denominations. All current notes are issued by the [[Bank of Canada]], which released its first series of notes in 1935. The Bank of Canada has contracted the [[Canadian Bank Note Company]] to produce the Canadian notes since then. The current series of [[polymer banknote]]s were introduced into circulation between November 2011 and November 2013. Banknotes issued in Canada can be viewed at the [[Bank of Canada Museum]] in [[Ottawa]].

== Currently produced series ==

The currently produced banknote series of the [[Canadian dollar]] both consist of [[polymer banknote|polymer banknotes]]: the 7th series (Frontier), which was launched in 2011, and the 8th series (Vertical), which was launched in 2018.

{|class="wikitable"
!Value !! Main colour !! Obverse portrait !! Reverse design !! Series year !! Issued 
|-
!colspan="6"| [[2018 Canadian banknote series|8th (Vertical) banknote series]]
|-
| [[Canadian ten-dollar note|$10]]
| Purple
| [[Viola Desmond]]
| [[Canadian Museum for Human Rights]]
| 2018
| 19 November 2018
|-
!colspan="6"| [[Frontier (banknotes)|7th (Frontier) banknote series]]
|-
| [[Canadian five-dollar note|$5]]
| Blue
| [[Wilfrid Laurier]]
| [[Mobile Servicing System|Canadarm2]] and [[Dextre]]
| rowspan="2" | 2013
| rowspan="2" | 7 November 2013
|-
| [[Canadian ten-dollar note|$10]]
| Purple
| [[John A. Macdonald]]
| ''[[Canadian (train)|The Canadian]]'' passenger train
|-
| [[Canadian twenty-dollar note|$20]]
| Green
| [[Elizabeth II|Queen Elizabeth II]]
| [[Canadian National Vimy Memorial]] and [[Remembrance poppy|poppies]]
| rowspan="2" | 2012
| 7 November 2012
|-
| [[Canadian fifty-dollar note|$50]]
| Red
| [[William Lyon Mackenzie King]]
| [[CCGS Amundsen|CCGS ''Amundsen'']] in arctic waters, a map of Canada's North, and the word ''arctic'' in [[Inuktitut]] (ᐅᑭᐅᖅᑕᖅᑐᖅ, 'ukiuqtaqtuq')
| 26 March 2012
|-
| [[Canadian one-hundred-dollar note|$100]]
| Brown
| [[Robert Borden]]
| Medical research, invention of the [[pacemaker]], a [[DNA]] double helix, and a vial of [[insulin]]
| 2011
| 14 November 2011
|}

On 6 May 2023, Prime Minister [[Justin Trudeau]] announced that the $20 bill would be updated to feature the new king, [[Charles III]].<ref>{{cite news |title=King Charles will replace Queen Elizabeth on Canada's coins, $20 bills |date=6 May 2023 |url=https://globalnews.ca/news/9679468/king-charles-canada-coins-bills/ |work=Global News}}</ref> On December 16, 2024, it was announced that Terry Fox would be featured on the next edition of the $5 banknote, and that Wilfrid Laurier would instead be featured on the next [[Canadian fifty-dollar note|$50 note]].<ref>{{Cite news |last=Zimonjic |first=Peter |date=December 16, 2024 |title=Terry Fox on the $5, big money for the border — what we learned from the economic statement |url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/fall-economic-statement-five-things-1.7411901 |work=CBC}}</ref>

==Production==
Notes are issued by the Bank of Canada, but the actual production of the banknotes is outsourced to the [[Canadian Bank Note Company]] in accordance with the specifications and requirements of the Bank of Canada. All wording on the notes appears in both of Canada's official languages, English and French. Banknotes were printed on paper composed of pure [[cotton]]. Cotton fibre was discontinued and replaced by a synthetic polymer starting in 2011, with the last of the paper banknotes being made available in November 2013.{{sfn|Pulfer|2010}}{{sfn|Bank of Canada|2013}}

==Counterfeiting==
Efforts to reduce [[counterfeiting]] in recent years have sharply reduced the number of counterfeit notes in circulation. The number of counterfeit notes passed annually in Canada peaked in 2004, when 553,000 counterfeit notes were passed. Counterfeiting has decreased annually since that peak, with only 53,536 notes passed in 2010.{{sfn|Royal Canadian Mounted Police|2010}} The new [[Frontier Series|Frontier series]] of banknotes significantly improves security primarily by using a polymer substrate to make up the note instead of the previously used fabric. Even as Canada's counterfeiting problem escalated, the shift to polymer was viewed as too expensive. A polymer note costs 19 cents to produce, compared to 9 cents for a typical cotton-paper note. All older cotton-paper banknotes prior to the 2013 polymer series are now considered unfit for circulation due to their lack of modern security features, such as a metallic stripe.<ref name="unfit">{{cite web |url=https://www.bankofcanada.ca/wp-content/uploads/2012/10/unfit_notes_poster.pdf |title=Unfit Bank Notes |author=<!--Not stated--> |date=October 2012 |website=bankofcanada.ca |publisher=Bank of Canada |access-date=15 January 2020}}</ref> Financial institutions must return the banknotes to the Bank of Canada, which will destroy them.<ref name="unfit" /> Individuals may keep the banknotes indefinitely.{{sfn|CBC News|2000}}

Counterfeiting is measured using a system borrowed from chemistry known as parts per million (PPM). Normally used to judge the potency of molecules in a solution, PPM in the counterfeiting sense refers to the number of fake banknotes found in circulation for every one million genuine notes. In 1990, Canada's counterfeit ratio was just 4 PPM, ranking its currency among the most secure in the world. By the late 1990s, the rise of powerful and affordable home computers, store-bought graphics software, easy-to-use scanners and colour ink-jet printers were breeding a new generation of counterfeiters. The number of fake Canadian notes rose as high as 117 PPM by 1997. In 2004 Canada's counterfeiting rate had ballooned to 470 PPM. In 2012, the counterfeiting rate had fallen to its lowest point, at 28 PPM. It has since started modestly rising to 36 PPM in 2014. The Bank of Canada's medium-term planning target is to stay below 30 PPM.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.bankofcanada.ca/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/presentation-241115.pdf |title=Promoting Canada's economic and financial well-being – Remarks to the Department of Economics, University of Regina |last=Patterson |first=Lynn |date=24 November 2015 |website=Bank of Canada}}</ref> Most G20 nations used 50 PPM as their benchmark to stay below.{{sfn|Robertson|2011}}

==History==
{{See also|History of the Canadian dollar}}
The first paper money issued in [[Canada]] denominated in dollars were British Army notes, issued between 1813 and 1815 in denominations between $1 and $400. These were emergency issues due to the [[War of 1812]]. The first banknotes were issued in 1817 by the Montreal Bank.

===Chartered banks===
{{Main|Canadian chartered bank notes}}
{{See also|Early Canadian banking system}}
[[Image:Banknote of the Colonial Bank of Canada.jpg|thumb|$1 banknote of the Colonial Bank of Canada issued in 1859]]
Large numbers of chartered banks were founded in the 1830s, 1850s, 1860s and 1870s, although many issued paper money for only a short time. Others, including the Montreal Bank (later called the [[Bank of Montreal]]), issued notes for several decades. Until 1858, many notes were issued denominated in both shillings/[[Canadian pound|pounds]] and dollars (5 shillings = $1 therefore 1 pound = $4). A large number of different denominations were issued, including $1, $2, $3, $4, $5, $10, $20, $25, $40, $50, $100, $500, $750 and $1,000. After 1858, only dollar denominations were used. The Bank Act of 1871 limited the smallest denomination the chartered banks could issue to $4, increased to $5 in 1880. To facilitate purchases below $5 without using Dominion notes, some charted banks issued notes in unusually domesticated denominations, such as the $6 and $7 notes issued by the [[Molsons Bank]] in 1871. After Confederation, chartered banks were permitted to continue issuing notes until 1944.<ref> See An Act to amend the Bank Act, Statutes of Canada, 1944, chapter 30, section 61. </ref>

===Colonial governments===
[[image:NFLD dollar bill.jpg|right|thumb|$1 Dominion of Newfoundland note issued in 1920]]
Before [[Canadian Confederation]], dollar-denominated notes were issued by the governments of the [[Colony of British Columbia (1858–1866)|Colony of British Columbia]], the [[Province of Canada]], [[Nova Scotia]], and [[Prince Edward Island]]. Of these, the Province of Canada, established in 1841, was the most prolific issuer of paper money. Notes were produced for the government by the Bank of Montreal between 1842 and 1862, in denominations of $4, $5, $10, $20, $50 and $100. In 1866, the Province of Canada began issuing its own paper money, in denominations of $1, $2, $5, $10, $20, $50, $100 and $500. The [[Dominion of Newfoundland]] issued notes denominated in [[Newfoundland dollar]]s from 1901 until it joined Confederation in 1949.

===Government of Canada===
[[File:25cents canada1900.jpg|thumb|25-cent Dominion of Canada note issued in 1900]]
[[Image:Dominion of Canada one Dollar banknote of 1898.jpg|thumb|$1 Dominion of Canada note issued in 1898]]
For a temporary period following Confederation in 1867, Province of Canada notes served as the Dominion of Canada's first national currency, and notes were dispatched from [[Ontario]] and [[Quebec]] to the other provinces. In 1870, the first Dominion of Canada notes were issued in denominations of 25¢, $1, $2, $500 and $1,000. $50 and $100 notes followed in 1872. The bulk of later [[government note]] production was of $1 and $2 notes, with a $4 denomination added in 1882. Notes of $5 were issued starting in 1912. The last 25¢ notes, known as [[shinplasters]] due to their small size, were dated 1923. Special notes called Bank Legals were issued by the Dominion of Canada only to banks for transferring large sums of money in denominations of $500, $1,000, $5,000, and $50,000.{{sfn|Canadian Paper Money}} Issuance of all Dominion notes ceased in 1935, after the establishment of the [[Bank of Canada]].

===Other public issuers===
<!-- Deleted image removed: [[image:Bank of Canada 50 dollar 1954.jpg|right|thumb|$50 Bank of Canada note issued in 1954.]] -->
Some municipalities also issued dollar-denominated notes. This was most prevalent in the 1930s, when ''depression scrip'' was issued in an attempt to alleviate the effects of the [[Great Depression in Canada|Great Depression]] on local citizens. The province of [[Alberta]] also launched its own scheme in 1936 by issuing [[prosperity certificates]].

===Bank of Canada===
[[File:Bank of Canada one dollar note, 1935.jpg|right|thumb|$1 Bank of Canada note issued in 1935]]In 1934, with only ten chartered banks still issuing notes, the [[Bank of Canada]] was founded and began issuing notes in denominations of $1, $2, $5, $10, $20, $25, $50, $100, $500 and $1000. In 1944, the chartered banks were prohibited from issuing their own currency, with the [[Royal Bank of Canada]] and the Bank of Montreal among the last to issue notes. Since then, the Bank of Canada has been the sole issuer of banknotes denominated in Canadian dollars. A liability of more than $12{{nbsp}}million remains on the Bank of Canada's books up to the present day, representing the face value of Dominion of Canada, provincial, and chartered bank notes still outstanding.{{sfn|Statistics Canada|2009}}

===Withdrawn denominations===
{{main|Withdrawn Canadian banknotes}}
The 1935 series was the only series to have included $25 and $500 denominations. Both denominations were short lived. The $25 note was withdrawn on 18 May 1937. Stacks of unissued 1935 $500 notes were destroyed in February 1938, and issued $500 notes were recalled and withdrawn from circulation five months later.

Some of the most significant recent developments in Canadian currency were the withdrawal of the $1, $2, and $1,000 notes in 1989, 1996, and 2000 respectively. The $1 and $2 denominations have been replaced with coins, colloquially referred to as the "[[loonie]]" and "[[toonie]]" respectively, with the loonie simultaneously replacing the $1 bill as well as the preceding [[Voyageur dollar]] coin, the latter of which remains legal tender. In 2000, the $1,000 note was removed at the request of the [[Solicitor General of Canada]] and the [[Royal Canadian Mounted Police]], as it was reported that they were largely being used for [[money laundering]] and [[organized crime]].

==List of Bank of Canada banknote series==

===1935===
{{main|1935 Canadian banknote series}}
The [[Bank of Canada]] was created in 1934 and given responsibility, through an Act of Parliament, to regulate the country's money supply and to "promote the economic and financial welfare of Canada." Accordingly, it was given the exclusive right to issue bank notes in Canada. On 11 March 1935, the [[Bank of Canada]] issued its first series of bank notes.

===1937===
{{main|1937 Canadian banknote series}}
The creation of a second series of bank notes, only two years after the first issue, was prompted by changes in Canadian government legislation requiring the Bank of Canada to produce bilingual bank notes. Another contributing factor was the death of [[George V of the United Kingdom|King George V]] on 20 January 1936, and the subsequent abdication of [[Edward VIII of the United Kingdom|Edward VIII]].

===1954 Canadian Landscape===
{{main|Canadian Landscape}}
The third series of banknotes of the Canadian dollar issued by the [[Bank of Canada]] was the Canadian Landscape series.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Bank of Canada Museum |title=1954 Landscape series. |url=https://www.bankofcanadamuseum.ca/complete-bank-note-series/1954-canadian-landscape-series/ |website=Bank of Canada Museum |access-date=25 December 2019}}</ref> The banknotes were designed in 1952 following the [[Proclamation of accession of Elizabeth II|accession]] of [[Elizabeth II]] to the throne after the death of her father [[George VI]].{{sfn|Collections Canada}} Her portrait appeared on all denominations in the series. The banknote designs differed significantly from the 1937 series, though the denomination colours and [[Official bilingualism in Canada|bilingual]] printing were retained.{{sfn|Collections Canada}} The design changes were made to portray themes more typical of Canada.{{sfn|Montreal Gazette|1953|p=13}} This was the first series to include the [[Arms of Canada|Canadian coat of arms]], which appeared centrally in the background of the obverse.

The banknote series became known as the "Devil's Head" series, because the hair behind the Queen's head looked somewhat like a grinning demon.<ref>[http://www.coinsandcanada.com/banknotes-prices.php?banknotes=Canadian_banknotes_of_1954_with_the_devil%27s_face&id_cat=21 Bank of Canada values and prices of 1954 with the devil's face banknotes]</ref> This led to design modifications for all denominations. The second variant of the series was issued in 1956.{{sfn|Collections Canada}}

===1969 Scenes of Canada===
{{multiple image
| align     = right
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| width     = 300
| image1    = Bc-46a 1973 $1 note front.jpg
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| image2    = Bc-46a 1973 $1 note rear.jpg
| width2    = 
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| header            = 
| header_align      = <!-- left/right/center -->
| header_background = 
| footer            = 1974 one dollar note, Scenes of Canada series
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| footer_background = 
| background color  = 
}}
{{main|Scenes of Canada}}
Because of a growing concern over counterfeiting, the Bank of Canada began to release a new series of bank notes in 1969.

This series represented another complete departure in design from earlier issues:
* colourful, wavy patterns were introduced;
* a new series of Canadian scenic vignettes was created;
* portraits of former [[Prime Minister of Canada|Canadian prime ministers]] were re-introduced. Both Laurier and Macdonald were on the 1935 and 1937 series, but now joined by [[William Lyon Mackenzie King|King]] and [[Robert Borden|Borden]].

This was the last series to feature a $1 banknote, with the banknote replaced by a dollar coin{{Snd}}known as a ''[[loonie]]'' for its design of a loon on the obverse{{Snd}}in 1987; printing of the $1 banknote ceased in 1989. However, there was a 21-month period where both the $1 bill and coin were produced concurrently, from June 1987 to April 1989.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.cbc.ca/archives/last-canadian-1-bills-roll-off-the-presses-in-1989-1.4672628 |title=Last Canadian $1 bills roll off the presses in 1989 |author=<!--Not stated--> |date=20 June 2018 |website=cbc.ca |publisher=Canadian Broadcasting Corporation |access-date=15 January 2020 |quote=On April 20, 1989, the last $1 bills roll off the press at Ottawa's Canadian Bank Note Company. Dollar bills will soon be pulled from circulation, leaving Canadians no choice but to embrace the loonie, the new $1 coin that began circulating in 1987.}}</ref>

===1986 Birds of Canada===
{{main|Birds of Canada (banknotes)}}
In 1986 the Bank of Canada introduced new banknotes called the Birds of Canada series. The design on the back of each note features a bird indigenous to Canada with a background representing the typical landscape for that bird. The portraits on the front of the note were made larger than those of previous series, and a metallic patch was introduced on the larger notes. Each banknote weighs {{convert|1|g|oz}}.{{sfn|Humphreys|2012}} This series was the first<!-- in Canada, worldwide? --> to include a bar code with the serial number. This allows the visually impaired to distinguish notes with the use of a hand-held device that tells the note's denomination.

This was also the last series that the $2 and $1,000 notes were issued. The $2 note was withdrawn in 1996 and replaced by the $2 coin, known as the ''[[toonie]]''. The $1,000 note was withdrawn by the Bank of Canada on 12 May 2000, at the request of the [[Royal Canadian Mounted Police]] (RCMP) as part of a program to reduce organized crime.{{sfn|Humphreys|2012}} At the time, 2,827,702 of the $1,000 bills were in [[Circulation (currency)|circulation]]; by 2011, fewer than 1{{nbsp}}million were in circulation, most held by organized crime.{{sfn|Humphreys|2012}}

===2001 Canadian Journey===

{{main|Canadian Journey}}
Beginning in 2001, the Bank of Canada introduced a new series of notes called "Canadian Journey", featuring images of Canadian heritage and excerpts from [[Canadian literature]]. The $10 was first issued on 17 January 2001; the $5 on 27 March 2002; the $100 note on 17 March 2004, the $20 on 29 September 2004, and the $50 on 17 November 2004.

The $20, $50, and $100 notes introduce [[watermark]] security features for the first time on Canadian currency since the four-dollar Dominion notes; they also boast significantly expanded [[hologram|holographic]] security features. Also among the new features are a windowed colour-shifting thread woven into the paper, a see-through number, and enhanced fluorescence under ultraviolet lighting. These features are designed to help Canadians protect themselves by detecting counterfeit notes. All post-2001 series notes also include the [[EURion constellation]], on both sides of the note. The new notes have a [[Canadian currency tactile feature|tactile feature]], which is a series of raised dots (but not [[Braille]]) in the upper left corner on the face of each note to aid the visually impaired in identifying currency denominations.

The newer security features on the $20, $50, and $100 notes were added to an updated version of the $10 note released on 18 May 2005, and the Bank of Canada began issuing a $5 note with upgraded security features on 15 November 2006, as part of its ongoing effort to improve the security of Canadian bank notes. The illustrations on the front and back of the upgraded notes are the same as those on the $5 and $10 notes issued in 2001 and 2002.

The "Canadian Journey" literary excerpts are printed in English and French, with the English versions being:
*$5: The winters of my childhood were long, long seasons. We lived in three places—the school, the church, and the skating-rink—but our real life was on the skating-rink. ([[Roch Carrier]] (born 1937) from his short story ''Le chandail de hockey'' (''[[The Hockey Sweater]]''))
*$10: In Flanders Fields the poppies blow / Between the crosses, row on row, / That mark our place, and in the sky / The larks, still bravely singing, fly / Scarce heard amid the guns below. ([[John McCrae]] (1872–1918), from his poem ''[[In Flanders Fields]]'')
*$20: Could we ever know each other in the slightest without the arts? ([[Gabrielle Roy]] (1909–1983) from her novel ''La Montagne secrète'' (''The Hidden Mountain''))
*$50: All human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights (from Article 1 of the [[Universal Declaration of Human Rights]], 1948)
*$100: Do we ever remember that somewhere above the sky in some child's dream perhaps [[Jacques Cartier]] is still sailing, always on his way always about to discover a new Canada? ([[Miriam Waddington]] (1917–2004) from her poem ''[[Jacques Cartier in Toronto]]'')

Canadian Journey banknotes (2004 style) incorporates background colour and consists of series years 2001, 2003, 2003A, 2004, 2004A and 2006. All the notes except the $100 note have additional series years 2007, 2008, 2009 and 2009A (some banknotes only). The $100 2009 series began issuing to the public in early 2010 and was printed in 2009 before they were issued. The 2004 to 2009 series of the $100 note was withdrawn from the circulation in November 2011. The $50 note was withdrawn on 26 March 2012, and $5–$20 notes would be withdrawn in the next 2 years before it will be officially announced.

===2011 Frontier===
{{main|Frontier (banknotes)}}
Beginning in 2011, the Bank of Canada introduced a new series of [[polymer banknote]]s. The $100 note was issued on 14 November 2011; the $50 was issued on 26 March 2012; the $20 banknote was issued on 7 November 2012, and the $10 and $5 denominations were issued on 7 November 2013.

These are the first Canadian notes produced on polymer. In place of a watermark are two visual features: a translucent maple leaf and a transparent window. The leaf includes a security feature that, when viewed close to the eye with a single-point light source behind, produces a circular image displaying the note's denomination. The window is fringed by maple leaves; at its top is a smaller version of the portrait, and at its bottom a light-refracting metallic likeness of an architectural feature from the parliament buildings. The portraits on the face are more centred on the note. The backs of the notes introduce new cultural and thematic imagery, but the literary quotation is not continued. The polymer notes continue the [[Canadian currency tactile feature|tactile feature]], from the Canadian Journey series.{{sfn|Bank of Canada|2011b}}

===2018 Vertical===
{{Main|Vertical (banknotes)}}
On [[International Women's Day]] 2016, Prime Minister [[Justin Trudeau]] announced that an "iconic" Canadian woman would be featured on one of the upcoming notes.<ref>{{cite news |title=Trudeau says new bank note will feature an iconic Canadian woman |url=http://www.ctvnews.ca/business/trudeau-says-new-bank-note-will-feature-an-iconic-canadian-woman-1.2809003 |access-date=19 March 2016 |agency=CTV News |date=8 March 2016}}</ref>

On 8 December 2016, the [[Government of Canada]] and the [[Bank of Canada]] announced that civil rights activist [[Viola Desmond]] would replace [[John A. Macdonald]] (who had been on the face of the $10 note since 1971) as the first non-royal woman to appear alone on a regularly circulated Bank of Canada note.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.thestar.com/news/canada/2016/12/08/new-female-face-of-canadian-money-to-be-announced.html |title=Civil rights pioneer Viola Desmond will appear on new Canadian $10 bill |work=[[Toronto Star]]}}</ref> This note was released to the public on 19 November 2018.<ref>[https://www.bankofcanada.ca/press/upcoming-events/?date=2018-11-19 Media event to launch the new $10 bank note]</ref>

Beginning in 2018, newly designed Canadian banknotes (initially the $10 note) were [[Banknote#Vertical orientation|vertical in orientation]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=The next bank NOTE-able Canadian |url=https://www.bankofcanada.ca/banknotes/banknoteable-5/ |access-date=2022-05-03 |website=[[Bank of Canada]]}}</ref>

===Commemorative issues===
{{Main|Commemorative banknotes of the Canadian dollar}}
{|class="wikitable"
! colspan="6" |Commemorative issues
|-
! rowspan="2" | Value !!rowspan="2"| Main colour !! colspan="2" | Description !!colspan="2"| Date of
|-
! Front !! Back !! Printing !! Issue
|-
| $25‡
| Purple
| [[George V of the United Kingdom|King George V]] and [[Mary of Teck|Queen Mary]]
| [[Windsor Castle]]
|colspan="2" align="center" | 6 May 1935
|-
| $1‡
| Dark Green
| rowspan="2" | [[Queen of Canada|Elizabeth II]]
| Old parliament buildings in [[Ottawa]] – destroyed by fire in 1916
| 1967
| 3 January 1967+
|-
| $20
| Green
| [[Canadian National Vimy Memorial]]
| 2015
| 9 September 2015
|-
| $10
| Purple
| [[John A. Macdonald]], [[George-Étienne Cartier]], [[Agnes Macphail]], [[James Gladstone]]
| Variety of Canadian vistas
| 2017
| 1 June 2017
|}
‡ Withdrawn from circulation. Most currency withdrawn from circulation is still [[legal tender]]. As of 1 January 2021, the $1, $2, $25, $500 and $1,000 bills from every Bank of Canada series are no longer legal tender.<ref>{{Cite web |title=About legal tender |url=https://www.bankofcanada.ca/banknotes/about-legal-tender/ |access-date=18 August 2021 |publisher=Bank of Canada}}</ref> Despite the introduction of new notes, older notes are still in use.

+ Two varieties were printed, the first with conventional [[serial number]]s, the second with the double date "1867–1967" appearing twice instead. Neither type is scarce. Both varieties also have on the obverse a stylized [[maple leaf]] with the double date below it.<ref>[http://www.coinsandcanada.com/banknotes-prices.php?banknotes=Canadian_1_dollar_banknote_of_1967&id_cat=16 Bank of Canada values and prices of 1967 banknotes]</ref>

All notes of the 1954 series or later measure {{convert|152.4|mm}} by {{convert|69.85|mm}}.

See also [[Withdrawn Canadian banknotes]].

==Myths==
A number of myths have circulated regarding Canadian banknotes.
* ''An American flag is flying over the [[Parliament of Canada|Parliament]] Buildings on Canadian paper money.'' This is not the case. The Birds series notes depict a [[Union Flag]] flying over Parliament on the $100; a [[Canadian Red Ensign]] (a former Canadian flag) on the $5, $10, and $50; and the modern [[Flag of Canada|maple-leaf flag]] was on the $2 notes. (The $20 depicts the Library of Parliament, with no flag visible.) Those fooled by the rumour were likely fooled by the notes with the Red Ensign, as the flags are very small and not shown in full colour, and the Ensign with its contrasting [[Flag terminology#Description of standard flag parts and terms|canton]] somewhat resembles the [[American flag]].{{sfn|Snopes: Red Ensign Scare|2011}}
* ''When a note depicts a past prime minister, the Parliament Buildings behind him are flying whichever flag Canada was using at the time of his tenure.'' The face of the Birds series featured images of prime ministers (or the Queen) and the Parliament Buildings. As noted above, however, the $10 note featured the Canadian Red Ensign alongside Sir John A. Macdonald, who became prime minister 25 years before the Canadian Red Ensign was approved for use by the Merchant Navy and more than 50 years before it was used on government buildings.{{sfn|Canadian Paper Money Forum|2007}} Also, the Union Flag is on the $100 with Sir [[Robert Borden]], who came after Laurier who appears with the Canadian Red Ensign. This is sometimes explained by the fact that Borden governed during [[World War I]].{{sfn|Canadian Paper Money Forum|2007b}} The views of the Parliament Buildings on the current Canadian Journey series do not feature any flag.
* ''The Canadian Journey series $10 note is being recalled because there is a misprint in the poem [[In Flanders Fields]].'' The first line as printed, "In Flanders fields the poppies blow," startled many people, who believed the last word should be "grow". John McCrae wrote two versions which were both published, but his original manuscript, the one used by the government and widely used for [[Remembrance Day]] ceremonies, reads "blow". (The last two lines are "We shall not sleep, though poppies grow/In Flanders fields."){{sfn|GuelphArts}}{{sfn|Snopes: In Flanders Fields|2011}}
* ''The Canadian $20, $50, and $100 bills have a Norway maple leaf rather than the native maple leaf.''<ref>[https://www.reuters.com/article/us-maple-idUSBRE90H16S20130118 Canada put "wrong" maple leaf on new Canadian dollar 20 bill: expert]</ref>
* ''The 2011 to present $100 bill was rumoured to be maple scented, although the Bank of Canada denies this.''<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.thestar.com/business/2013/05/26/do_canadas_new_plastic_bills_smell_like_maple_syrup.html |title=Do Canada's new plastic bills smell like maple syrup? |last=Beeby |first=Dean |date=26 May 2013 |work=The Toronto Star |access-date=5 March 2018 |issn=0319-0781}}</ref>

==Notes==
{{Reflist}}

==References==
{{refbegin|colwidth=30em}}
*{{cite book |title=The Charlton Standard Catalogue of Canadian Government Paper Money |publisher=The Charlton Press |year=1997 |isbn=0889681902 |editor-last=Cross |editor-first=W.K. |edition=10th |location=[[Toronto]] |url-access=registration |url=https://archive.org/details/charltonstandard0000unse_y6i0}}
*{{cite book |title=Canadian Bank Notes |last=Graham |first=R.J. |date=July 2008 |publisher=Charlton Press |edition=6th}}
*{{cite news |url=https://nationalpost.com/news/canada/the-hunt-for-canadas-1000-bills-there-are-nearly-a-million-left-most-in-the-hands-of-criminal-elites |title=The hunt for Canada's $1,000 bills: There are nearly a million left, most in the hands of criminal elites |last=Humphreys |first=Adrian |date=15 November 2012 |publisher=Postmedia Network |newspaper=[[National Post]] |access-date=12 March 2025}}
*{{cite news |url=http://www.680news.com/news/national/article/32514--canadian-paper-money-going-plastic |title=Canadian paper money going plastic |last=Pulfer |first=Jamie |date=5 March 2010 |work=CFTR-AM Radio |publisher=680News.com |access-date=18 November 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110927185240/http://www.680news.com/news/national/article/32514--canadian-paper-money-going-plastic |archive-date=27 September 2011}}
*{{cite web |url=https://www.theglobeandmail.com/report-on-business/economy/currencies/funny-money-how-counterfeiting-led-to-a-major-overhaul-of-canadas-money/article554632/?page=all |title=Funny money: How counterfeiting led to a major overhaul of Canada's money |last=Robertson |first=Grant |date=3 December 2011 |publisher=The Globe and Mail |newspaper=[[The Globe and Mail]] |access-date=24 November 2013}}
*{{cite web |url=http://www.bankofcanada.ca/banknotes/ |title=Bank notes |publisher=[[Bank of Canada]] |ref={{harvid|Bank of Canada}}}}
*{{cite press release |title=Bank of Canada Issues $100 Bill – First Canadian Polymer Bank Note |date=14 November 2011 |publisher=Bank of Canada |url=http://www.bankofcanada.ca/2011/11/press-releases/bank-canada-issues-100-bill-first-canadian-polymer-bank-note/ |ref={{harvid|Bank of Canada|2011}} |access-date=18 November 2011}}
*{{cite press release |title=Bank of Canada Unveils Polymer Bank Note Series: Celebrating Canada's Achievements at the Frontiers of Innovation |date=20 June 2011 |publisher=Bank of Canada |url=http://www.bankofcanada.ca/2011/06/press-releases/bank-of-canada-unveils-polymer/ |ref={{harvid|Bank of Canada|2011b}} | access-date=18 November 2011}}
*{{cite web |url=http://www.bankofcanada.ca/wp-content/uploads/2013/04/annualreport2012.pdf |title=2012 Annual Report |year=2012 |publisher=Bank of Canada |ref={{harvid|Bank of Canada|2012}}}}
*{{citation |title=Bank legals |url=http://www.cdnpapermoney.com/English/DoC/bank_legals.htm |ref={{harvid|Canadian Paper Money}}|publisher=Canadian Paper Money |access-date=4 March 2014}}<!-- a more reliable source is needed -->
*{{cite web |url=http://www.cdnpapermoney.com/English/BoC/Flag0010.htm |title=The Flag on the $10 |date=2 June 2007 |publisher=Canadian Paper Money Forum |ref={{harvid|Canadian Paper Money Forum|2007}} |access-date=18 November 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111021200744/http://www.cdnpapermoney.com/English/BoC/Flag0010.htm |archive-date=21 October 2011}}
*{{cite web |url=http://www.cdnpapermoney.com/English/BoC/Flag0100.htm |title=The Flag on the $100 |date=2 June 2007 |publisher=Canadian Paper Money Forum |ref={{harvid|Canadian Paper Money Forum|2007b}} |access-date=18 November 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111021201817/http://www.cdnpapermoney.com/English/BoC/Flag0100.htm |archive-date=21 October 2011}}
*{{cite web |url=http://www.collectionscanada.gc.ca/eppp-archive/100/201/301/bank_can_review/2006/spring/cover/en/banknotes/general/character/1954.html |title=1954 Series |publisher=Bank of Canada (archived at [[Collections Canada]]) |ref={{harvid|Collections Canada}} |work=Bank Note Series, 1935 to present |access-date=4 March 2014}}
*{{cite web |url=http://guelpharts.ca/mccraehouse/section.php?sid=164 |title=In Flanders Fields — The Poem |publisher=GuelphArts.ca |ref={{harvid|GuelphArts}} |access-date=18 November 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120220141945/http://guelpharts.ca/mccraehouse/section.php?sid=164 |archive-date=20 February 2012}}
*{{cite news |title=Canadian scenes to be portrayed for banknotes |date=22 April 1953 |newspaper=[[Montreal Gazette]] |ref={{harvid|Montreal Gazette|1953}}}}
*{{cite web |url=http://www.rcmp-grc.gc.ca/count-contre/cur-mon-2010-eng.htm |title=Currency Counterfeiting Statistics (2010) |date=20 April 2010 |publisher=[[Royal Canadian Mounted Police]] |ref={{harvid|Royal Canadian Mounted Police|2010}} |access-date=18 November 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111104074837/http://www.rcmp-grc.gc.ca/count-contre/cur-mon-2010-eng.htm |archive-date=4 November 2011}}
*{{cite web |url=http://www.snopes.com/business/money/flanders.asp |title=In Flanders Fields |date=16 May 2011 |publisher=Snopes.com |ref={{harvid|Snopes: In Flanders Fields|2011}} |access-date=18 November 2011}}
*{{cite web |url=http://www.snopes.com/business/money/redensign.asp |title=Red Ensign Scare |date=16 May 2011 |publisher=Snopes.com |ref={{harvid|Snopes: Red Ensign Scare|2011}} |access-date=18 November 2011}}
*{{cite web |url=http://www40.statcan.ca/l01/cst01/fin04-eng.htm |title=Bank of Canada note liabilites |date=11 September 2009 |publisher=[[Statistics Canada]] |access-date=18 November 2011 |ref={{harvid|Statistics Canada|2009}}|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120203192234/http://www40.statcan.ca/l01/cst01/fin04-eng.htm |archive-date=3 February 2012}}
*{{cite web |url=http://www.bankofcanada.ca/2013/11/bank-canada-issues-5-and-10-polymer-bank-notes/ |title=Bank of Canada Issues $5 and $10 Polymer Bank Notes |last=Bank of Canada |author-link=Bank of Canada |date=7 November 2013 |publisher=[[Bank of Canada]] |access-date=20 December 2016}}
*{{cite news |url=http://www.cbc.ca/news/business/bank-of-canada-kills-1000-bill-1.235393 |title=Bank of Canada kills $1000 bill |publisher=[[CBC News]] |date=26 September 2000 |accessdate=2 March 2014 |ref={{harvid|CBC News|2000}}}}
{{refend}}

==External links==
{{Portal|Canada|Money|Numismatics}}
* [http://www.coinsandcanada.com/banknotes-prices.php Canadian Bank Notes Price Guide]
* [http://www.cdnpapermoney.com/ Canadian Paper Money]
* [http://www.numicanada.com/ Canadian Currency] {{inlang|fr}}
* [http://www.moneymuseum.ca/ The Online Canadian Paper Money Museum]
* [http://www.whereswilly.com/ The ''Where's Willy?'' Currency Tracking Project]
* [http://currencymuseum.ca Bank of Canada Currency Museum]

{{Canadian currency and coinage}}

[[Category:Currencies of Canada]]
[[Category:Banknotes of Canada| ]]