View source for Baguio

{{Short description|Largest highly urbanized city in Benguet, Philippines}}
{{Other uses|Baguio (disambiguation)}}
{{Distinguish|Ambaguio|Bagyo|Bakio}}
{{pp-vandalism|small=yes}}
{{Use Philippine English|date=April 2023}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=August 2023}}
{{Infobox settlement
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| total_width              = 250
| image_style              = border
| perrow                   = 1/2/2
| image1                   = Baguio city proper overlooking Burnham-Harrison side (Baguio city; 12-04-2022).jpg
| caption1                 = Skyline with overlooking [[Burnham Park (Baguio)|Burnham Park]] 
| image2                   = Mines View Park viewdeck (Baguio City; 12-04-2022).jpg
| caption2                 = [[Mines View Park]]
| image3                   = Baguio Cathedral 2023-02-24.jpg
| caption3                 = [[Baguio Cathedral]]
| image6                   = Bell Amphitheater (Baguio).jpg
| caption6                 = [[Camp John Hay]] Park
| image7                   = Baguio Session Road (Baguio City; 12-04-2022).jpg
| caption7                 = [[Session Road]]
}}
| image_flag = Baguioflag.png
| flag_size = 120x80px
| image_seal = Ph seal Baguio.png
| seal_size = 100x80px
| image_caption = 
| nicknames = Summer Capital of the Philippines<br />City of Pines
| image_map = {{PH wikidata|image_map}}
| map_caption = {{PH wikidata|map_caption}}
| mapframe = yes
| pushpin_map = Philippines#Luzon#Philippines Benguet
| pushpin_label_position = left
| pushpin_map_caption = Location within the {{PH wikidata|country}}
| coordinates = {{PH wikidata|coordinates}}
| subdivision_type = [[List of sovereign states|Country]]
| subdivision_name = [[Philippines]]
| subdivision_type1 = [[Regions of the Philippines|Region]]
| subdivision_name1 = {{PH wikidata|region}}
| subdivision_type2 = [[Provinces of the Philippines|Province]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Benguet]] {{small|(geographically only)}}
| subdivision_type3 = [[House of Representatives of the Philippines#District representation|District]]
| subdivision_name3 = {{PH legislative district}}
| established_title = [[Date of establishment|Founded]]
| established_date = 1900
| established_title1 = Incorporated
| established_date1 = September 1, 1909 (city)
| established_title2 = Highly urbanized city
| established_date2 = December 22, 1979
| parts_type = [[Barangay]]s
| parts_style = para
| p1 = {{PH barangay count | {{wikidata|label|raw}} }}  (see [[#Barangays|Barangays]])
| leader_title = [[Mayor]]
| leader_name = [[Benjamin Magalong]] ([[Nationalist People's Coalition|NPC]])
| leader_title1 = [[Vice Mayor]]
| leader_name1 = Faustino A. Olowan ([[Partido Federal ng Pilipinas|PFP]])
| leader_title2 = [[House of Representatives of the Philippines#Current composition|Representative]] <!--congressman or congresswoman -->
| leader_name2 = [[Mauricio Domogan|Mauricio G. Domogan]] ([[Lakas–CMD|Lakas]])
| area_footnotes = <ref name="nscb">{{Cite web |title=Province: Benguet |url=http://www.nscb.gov.ph/activestats/psgc/province.asp?regName=CAR+-+Cordillera+Administrative+Region&regCode=14&provCode=141100000&provName=BENGUET |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121114141752/http://www.nscb.gov.ph/activestats/psgc/province.asp?regName=CAR+%2D+Cordillera+Administrative+Region&regCode=14&provCode=141100000&provName=BENGUET |archive-date=November 14, 2012 |access-date=August 12, 2013 |website=PSGC Interactive |publisher=National Statistical Coordination Board |location=Makati, Philippines}}</ref>
| leader_title3 = [[Baguio City Council|City Council]]
| leader_name3 = {{PH Town Council
 | 1 = <ref>{{Cite news |title=2019 Election Results:Baguio City |work=GMA News |url=https://www.gmanetwork.com/news/eleksyon2019/results/local/CAR/BENGUET/BAGUIO+CITY/?tfb_a&smartsearch |access-date=October 7, 2021}}</ref><div style="border-style:solid none;border-width:thin;border-color:Gainsboro;background-color:#e6e6e6;text-align:center;width:95%;font-variant:small-caps;"></div>
 | 2=Joel A. Alangsab
 | 3=Benny O. Bomogao
 | 4=Betty Lourdes F. Tabanda
 | 5=Elaine D. Sembrano
 | 6=Maria Mylen Victoria G. Yaranon
 | 7=Isabelo B. Cosalan Jr.
 | 8=Francisco Roberto A. Ortega VI
 | 9=Arthur L. Allad-iw
 | 10=Vladimir D. Cayabas
 | 11=Fred L. Bagbagen
 | 12=Lilia A. Fariñas
 | 13=Philian Louise W. Allan
}}
| leader_title4 = [[Elections in the Philippines#Qualification|Electorate]]
| leader_name4 = {{PH wikidata|electorate}} voters ([[Philippine general election, {{PH wikidata|electorate_point_in_time}}|{{PH wikidata|electorate_point_in_time}}]])
| government_type = {{PH wikidata|government_type}}
| anthem = Baguio Hymn
| area_total_km2 = {{PH wikidata|area}}
| area_metro_km2 = 1094.79 <!-- ALL fields with measurements are subject to automatic unit conversion-->
| area_metro_footnotes = &nbsp;([[BLISTT]])
| area_land_km2 = 
| area_water_km2 = 
| area_rank = 
| elevation_m = 1450
| elevation_max_m = 1667
| elevation_min_m = 910
| elevation_max_rank = 
| elevation_min_rank = 
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| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_blank1_title = [[Household]]s
| population_blank1 = {{PH wikidata|household}}
| population_metro = 644,589
| population_metro_footnotes = &nbsp;(BLISTT)
| population_density_metro_km2 = 3,100
| timezone = [[Philippine Standard Time|PST]]
| utc_offset = +8
| postal_code_type = [[List of ZIP codes in the Philippines|ZIP code]]
| postal_code = {{PH wikidata|postal_code}}
| postal2_code_type = {{PSGCstyle}}
| postal2_code = {{PSGC detail}}
| area_code_type = {{areacodestyle}}
| area_code = {{PH wikidata|area_code}}
| website = {{PH wikidata|website}}
| demographics_type1 = Economy
| demographics1_title1 = [[Gross domestic product]]
| demographics1_info1 = ₱139,174 million (2021)<ref name="gdpbaguio2021">{{Cite web |title=City of Baguio Leads the Economy of the Cordillera Administrative Region (CAR) in 2021 |url=https://psa.gov.ph/ppa/id/168526 |access-date=January 18, 2023 |website=[[Philippine Statistics Authority]]}}</ref><br>
$2,762 million (2021)<ref name="imfdec2021phptousd">{{Cite web |title=PH₱50.384 per dollar (per International Monetary Fund on Representative Exchange Rates for Selected Currencies for December 2021) |url=https://www.imf.org/external/np/fin/data/rms_mth.aspx?SelectDate=2021-12-31&reportType=REP |access-date=January 18, 2023 |website=[[IMF]]}}</ref>
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| demographics1_info2 = {{PH wikidata|income_class}}
| demographics1_title3 = [[Measuring poverty|Poverty incidence]]
| demographics1_info3 = {{PH wikidata|poverty_incidence}}% ({{PH wikidata|poverty_incidence_point_in_time}}){{PH wikidata|poverty_incidence_footnotes}}
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| demographics1_info4 = {{PH wikidata|revenue}} {{PH wikidata|revenue_point_in_time}}
| demographics1_title5 = Revenue rank
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| demographics1_title6 = [[Assets]]
| demographics1_info6 = {{PH wikidata|assets}} {{PH wikidata|assets_point_in_time}}
| demographics1_title7 = [[Internal Revenue Allotment|IRA]]
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| demographics1_title8 = [[Expenditure]]
| demographics1_info8 = {{PH wikidata|expenditure}} {{PH wikidata|expenditure_point_in_time}}
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| demographics1_title10 = [[Liability (financial accounting)|Liabilities]]
| demographics1_info10 = {{PH wikidata|liabilities}} {{PH wikidata|liabilities_point_in_time}}
| demographics_type2 = Service provider
| demographics2_title1 = [[List of electric distribution utilities in the Philippines|Electricity]]
| demographics2_info1 = {{PH electricity distribution | {{wikidata|label|raw}} }}
| demographics2_title2 = Water
| demographics2_info2 = Baguio Water District (BWD)
| demographics2_title3 = Telecommunications
| demographics2_info3 = 
| demographics2_title4 = Cable TV
| demographics2_info4 = 
| blank_name_sec1 = {{PH wikidata|climate_title}}
| blank_info_sec1 = {{PH wikidata|climate_type}}
| blank1_name_sec1 = [[Languages of the Philippines|Native languages]]
| blank1_info_sec1 = {{PH wikidata|language}}
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}}

'''Baguio''' ({{IPAc-en|UK|ˈ|b|æ|ɡ|i|oʊ}} {{respell|BAG|ee|oh}}, {{IPAc-en|US|ˈ|b|ɑː|ɡ|i|oʊ|,_|ˌ|b|ɑː|ɡ|i|ˈ|oʊ}} {{respell|BAH|ghee|oh|,_-|OH}}, {{IPA|tl|ˈbaɡjo|lang}}), officially the '''City of Baguio''' ({{langx|ibl|Siudad ne Bagiw}}; {{langx|ilo|Siudad ti Baguio}}; {{langx|tl|Lungsod ng Baguio}}), is a  [[Cities of the Philippines#Legal classification|highly urbanized city]] in the [[Cordillera Administrative Region]], [[Philippines]]. According to the 2024 census, it has a population of 368,426 people.<ref>{{Cite web |date=July 17, 2024 |title=2024 Census of Population (POPCEN) Population Counts Declared Official by the President |url=https://psa.gov.ph/content/2024-census-population-popcen-population-counts-declared-official-president |access-date=November 15, 2025 |website=psa.gov.ph}}</ref>

It is known as the "Summer Capital of the Philippines", owing to the city's cool climate relative to the lowlands. With an approximate elevation of {{convert|1500|m|ft|abbr=off|sp=us}} above mean sea level, Baguio belongs to the [[Luzon tropical pine forests]] [[ecoregion]]; the climate is conducive for the growth of mossy plants, orchids and pine trees, to which it attributes its other moniker as the "City of Pines".<ref>{{Cite web |title=Southeastern Asia: Island of Luzon in the Philippines |url=http://www.worldwildlife.org/ecoregions/im0302 |access-date=August 16, 2014 |publisher=WWF}}</ref>

Baguio was established as a [[hill station]] by the [[United States]] in 1900 at the site of an [[Ibaloi people|Ibaloi]] village known as ''Kafagway''. It was the United States' only hill station in Asia.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Estoque |first1=Ronald C. |last2=Yuji Murayama |date=February 2013 |title=City Profile: Baguio |journal=Cities |volume=30 |pages=240–51 |doi=10.1016/j.cities.2011.05.002}}</ref>

Baguio is classified as a [[Cities of the Philippines#Classification|highly urbanized city]] (HUC). It is the largest city in [[Benguet]], serving as the provincial capital from 1901 to 1916,<ref name="BaguioMidlandCourier3">{{Cite news |last=Sanidad |first=Pablito |title=Which Baguio Centennial? |publisher=Baguio Midland Courier |issue=99th Baguio Charter Day Anniversary Issue |url=http://www.baguiomidlandcourier.com.ph/centennial_article.asp?mode=centennial%2Fsupplements%2Fsanidad.txt |url-status=dead |access-date=February 21, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160310114417/http://www.baguiomidlandcourier.com.ph/centennial_article.asp?mode=centennial%2Fsupplements%2Fsanidad.txt |archive-date=March 10, 2016}}</ref> but has since been administered independently from the province following its conversion into a chartered city. Baguio is geographically located within the province of [[Benguet]] by the [[Philippine Statistics Authority]] for its geographical and statistical purposes only. The city is the center of business, commerce, and education in northern Luzon, as well as the most populous and seat of government of the [[Cordillera Administrative Region]].<ref name="baguio.gov.ph">{{Cite web |title=Business Profile |url=http://www.baguio.gov.ph/?q=content%2Fbusiness-0 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141106174317/http://www.baguio.gov.ph/?q=content%2Fbusiness-0 |archive-date=November 6, 2014 |access-date=May 17, 2021 |website=City Government of Baguio}}</ref>

As of 2025 the City of Baguio has an estimated population of approximately 407,000 residents. This figure reflects a steady annual growth rate of around 1.75% from the previous year. The population has been gradually increasing over the past decade, with notable growth from 366,358 in 2020 to 392,000 in 2023. The city is also part of the larger [[Metro Baguio|Baguio Metropolitan Area]], which includes surrounding municipalities and has a combined population of about 451,844 as of 2024.

== Etymology ==
Baguio was called Kafagway by indigenous peoples. The name Baguio originated in the [[History of the Philippines (1898–1946)|American period]] and is derived from the [[Ibaloi language|Ibaloi]] word bagiw ([[moss]]), which was then Hispanicized as Baguio.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Jay |date=April 18, 2017 |title=Brief History about Baguio City |url=https://freecityofpines.wordpress.com/2017/04/18/brief-history-about-baguio-city/ |access-date=July 20, 2019 |website=Baguio City |language=en}}</ref> A [[demonym]] for natives of the city, Ibagiw, is also derived from it. It is also the name for the city's annual arts festival.<ref name="cgov">{{Cite web |title=Baguio braces for ibagiw 2019 |url=http://www.baguio.gov.ph/content/baguio-braces-ibagiw-2019 |access-date=March 3, 2020 |website=City Government of Baguio}}</ref><ref name="Pungayan">{{Cite news |last=Pungayan |first=Morr |title=Bagiw and the Ibagiws |work=Baguio Midland Courier |url=http://www.baguiomidlandcourier.com.ph/baguio12_article.asp?mode=baguio_day2012/supplements/pungayan.txt |url-status=dead |access-date=March 3, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200719104308/http://www.baguiomidlandcourier.com.ph/baguio12_article.asp?mode=baguio_day2012%2Fsupplements%2Fpungayan.txt |archive-date=July 19, 2020}}</ref>

==History==
===Ibaloi town of Kafagway===
Baguio used to be a vast mountain zone with lush highland forests, teeming with various wildlife such as the indigenous deer, [[cloud rat]]s, [[Philippine eagle]]s, [[Philippine warty pig]]s, and numerous species of flora. The area was a hunting ground of the indigenous peoples, notably the [[Ibaloi people|Ibalois]] and other [[Igorot people|Igorot]] ethnic groups. When the Spanish arrived in the Philippines, the area was never fully subjugated by Spain due to the intensive defense tactics of the indigenous Igorots of the [[Cordillera Central (Luzon)|Cordilleras]].<ref name="PhilStudies2">{{Cite journal |last=Habana |first=Olivia M. |date=2000 |title=Gold Mining in Benguet to 1898 |url=http://www.philippinestudies.net/files/journals/1/articles/1662/public/1662-1761-1-PB.pdf |journal=Philippine Studies |volume=48 |pages=475–476 |access-date=October 13, 2018}}</ref>

Igorot oral history states the [[Benguet]] upper class, ''baknang'', was founded between 1565 and the early 1600s, by the marriage of a gold trader, Amkidit, and a Kankanaey maiden [[gold panning]] in Acupan. Their son, Baruy, discovered a gold deposit in the area, which he developed with hired workers and slaves.<ref name="PhilStudies2" />

In 1755, the [[Augustinians|Augustinian]] [[Friar|Fray]] Pedro de Vivar established a mission in Tonglo (Tongdo) outside Baguio. Before he was driven out the following year, this {{lang|es|rancheria}} included 220 people, including several ''baknang'' families. The Spanish tried to regain the mission in 1759, but were ambushed. This prompted Governor General [[Pedro Manuel de Arandía Santisteban]] to send Don Manuel Arza de Urrutia on a punitive expedition, which resulted in the mission being burned to the ground.<ref name="PhilStudies2" />{{rp|477–478}}

===Spanish rule===
During [[History of the Philippines (1521–1898)|Spanish rule]] in 1846, the Spaniards established a command post or a ''{{lang|es|comandancia}}'' in the nearby town of [[La Trinidad, Benguet|La Trinidad]], and organized Benguet into 31 {{lang|es|[[ranchería]]s}}, one of which was Kafagway, a wide grassy area where the present [[Burnham Park (Baguio)|Burnham Park]] is situated. Kafagway was then a minor {{lang|es|rancheria}} consisting of only about 20 houses; most of the lands in Kafagway were owned by a prominent Ibaloi, [[Mateo Cariño]], who served as its chieftain.<ref name="NordisNet-BaguioHistory2">{{Cite news |last=Boquiren |first=Rowena Reyes |date=August 23, 2015 |title=Baguio's history and cultural heritage |work=Northern Dispatch Weekly |url=http://www.nordis.net/2015/08/baguios-history-and-cultural-heritage/ |access-date=October 13, 2018}}</ref> The Spanish {{lang|es|presidencia}}, which was located at Bag-iw in the vicinity of Guisad Valley was later moved to Cariño's house where the current city hall stands. ''Bag-iw'' was the Ibaloi toponym of the town, an Ibaloi term for "moss" which was historically abundant in the area. This name was spelled by the Spaniards as ''Baguio''.<ref name="BaguioMidlandCourier3" /><ref name="DILG-CAR2">{{Cite web |title=Baguio City; History and Government |url=http://www.dilgcar.com/index.php/baguio-city |access-date=February 21, 2016 |website=[[Department of the Interior and Local Government]] – Cordillera Administrative Region}}</ref>

===First Philippine Republic===

During the [[Philippine Revolution]] in July 1899, Filipino revolutionary forces under [[Pedro Paterno]] liberated La Trinidad from the Spaniards and took over the government, proclaiming Benguet as a province of the new [[First Philippine Republic|Philippine Republic]]. Baguio was converted into a "town", with Mateo Cariño being the {{lang|es|presidente}} (mayor).<ref name="BaguioMidlandCourier3" /><ref name="DILG-CAR2" />

===American rule===
{{multiple image
| align             = left
| direction         = vertical
| width             = 200
| image1            = Burnham Plan Baguio.png
| caption1          = Baguio city plan map made by [[Daniel Burnham]], circa 1905
| image2            = Baguio-government-center-1909.jpg
| caption2          = Summer offices of the Philippine Insular Government in Baguio in 1909
| image3            = Philippine Island - Baguio - NARA - 68155828.jpg
| caption3          = Aerial view of Baguio, 1937
}}

When the United States occupied the Philippines after the [[Spanish–American War]], Baguio was selected to become the [[summer capital]] of the then [[Insular Government of the Philippine Islands|Philippine Islands]]. American zoologist [[Dean Conant Worcester]] headed an expedition in 1900 after convincing U.S. Secretary of State [[Elihu Root]] to order an expedition to a cool place in the northern mountains of the Philippines.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Fong |first1=Jimmy Balud |title=Ibaloys "Reclaiming" Baguio: The Role of Intellectuals |journal=Plaridel |date=2017 |volume=14 |issue=2 |pages=57–61 |doi=10.52518/2017.14.2-03fong |url=https://www.plarideljournal.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/12/2017-02-Fong.pdf |access-date=August 20, 2023 |publisher=[[University of the Philippines|UP College of Mass Communication]] |s2cid=245578979 |issn=1656-2534 |oclc=9376665232}}</ref> [[Governor-General of the Philippines|Governor-General]] [[William Taft]], on his first visit in 1901, noted the "air as bracing as [[Adirondack Mountains|Adirondacks]] or [[La Malbaie|Murray Bay]]..."<ref name="Kane2">{{Cite book |last=Kane |first=S.E. |title=Life and Death in Luzon or Thirty Years with the Philippine Head-Hunters |publisher=Grosset & Dunlap |year=1933 |location=New York}}</ref>{{rp|317–319}} On November 11, 1901, the American colonial government expropriated lands in Baguio owned by the Ibaloi people, who were forced to sell their lands.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Cabreza |first1=Vincent |title=How the Ibaloi lost their land |url=https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/563875/how-the-ibaloi-lost-their-land |access-date=August 20, 2023 |newspaper=[[Philippine Daily Inquirer]] |date=January 14, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140116030756/https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/563875/how-the-ibaloi-lost-their-land |archive-date=January 16, 2014 |language=en}}</ref>

In 1903, [[Filipinos]], [[Japanese people|Japanese]] and [[Chinese people|Chinese]] workers were hired to build [[Kennon Road]], the first road directly connecting Baguio with the lowlands of [[La Union]] and [[Pangasinan]]. Before this, the only road to [[Benguet]] was [[Naguilian Road]], and it was largely a horse trail at higher elevations.{{citation needed|date=September 2022}} [[Camp John Hay]] was established in October 1903, after [[President of the United States|President]] [[Theodore Roosevelt]] signed an [[Executive order (United States)|executive order]] setting aside land in [[Benguet]] for a military reservation for the [[United States Army]] to rest and recuperate from the lowland heat.<ref>{{Cite web |title=History |url=http://campjohnhaybaguio.com/history/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140201121033/http://campjohnhaybaguio.com/history/ |archive-date=February 1, 2014 |access-date=September 16, 2022 |website=Camp John Hay}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Agoot |first=Liza |date=September 27, 2018 |title=Camp John Hay stays on eco-tourism path |language=en |work=Philippine News Agency |url=https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1049240 |access-date=September 16, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180927172917/https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1049240 |archive-date=September 27, 2018}}</ref> It was named after Roosevelt's [[United States Secretary of State|Secretary of State]], [[John Milton Hay]].

[[The Mansion (Baguio)|The Mansion]], built in 1908, served as the official residence of the American Governor-General during the summer to escape Manila's heat. The Mansion was designed by architect [[William E. Parsons]] based on preliminary plans by architect [[Daniel Burnham]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Cody |first=Jeffrey W |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QCUETPfCZrYC |title=Exporting American Architecture, 1870–2000 |publisher=Alexandrine Press |year=2003 |isbn=0-203-98658-X |publication-place=Oxford |page=23}}</ref>

Burnham, one of the earliest successful modern [[Urban planner|city planners]], designed the mountain retreat following the tenets of the [[City Beautiful movement]]. In 1904, the rest of the city was planned out by Burnham. On September 1, 1909, Baguio was declared as a chartered city and nicknamed the "Summer Capital of the Philippines".<ref name="BaguioGovPH-About2">{{Cite web |title=About Baguio City |url=http://www.baguio.gov.ph/about-baguio-city |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180903153021/http://www.baguio.gov.ph/about-baguio-city |archive-date=September 3, 2018 |access-date=March 29, 2019 |website=City Government of Baguio}}</ref>

The succeeding period saw further developments of and in Baguio with the construction of Wright Park in honor of Governor-General [[Luke Edward Wright]], [[Burnham Park (Baguio)|Burnham Park]] in honor of Burnham, [[Governor Pack Road]], and [[Session Road]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Americans in Baguio |url=http://www.gobaguio.com/americans-and-baguio.html |access-date=June 17, 2018 |publisher=Go Baguio:Your Complete Guide to Baguio City, Philippines}}</ref>

===World War II===
{{main|Battle of Baguio (1945)}}

[[File:Session_Road_Ruins.jpg|thumb|The ruins of an office building along [[Session Road]], destroyed by artillery fire during the [[Battle of Baguio (1945)|Battle of Baguio]]. The ruins were demolished for new development in 2021.]]

Prior to [[World War II]], Baguio was the summer capital of the [[Commonwealth of the Philippines]], and the home of the [[Philippine Military Academy]].<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Sakakida |first1=Richard |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=MAMu80z3wvkC&pg=PA165 |title=A Spy in Their Midst: The World War II Struggle of a Japanese-American Hero |last2=Kiyosaki |first2=Wayne S. |date=July 3, 1995 |publisher=Madison Books |isbn=978-1-4616-6286-0 |page=165 |author-link=Richard Sakakida}}</ref>  As such, it was very important in military and political terms. Philippine President [[Manuel Quezon]] was even in Baguio when the war began.

On December 8, 1941, 17 Japanese bombers attacked [[Camp John Hay]],<ref name="People2">{{Cite book |last1=Bagamaspad |first1=Anavic |title=A People's History of Benguet |last2=Hamada-Pawid |first2=Zenaida |date=1985 |publisher=Baguio Printing & Publishing Company, Inc. |pages=290–302}}</ref>{{rp|291}}as part of the first Japanese air raid on Luzon.<ref name="WW2Bolido">{{Cite news |last=Bolido |first=Linda B. |date=May 25, 2015 |title=Baguio–where WWII began and ended |newspaper=Philippine Daily Inquirer |url=https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/693483/baguio-where-wwii-began-and-ended}}</ref> Baguio was declared an [[open city]] in December 27.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Uayan |first=Jean Uy |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9XLnDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT136 |title=A Study of the Emergence and Early Development of Selected Protestant Chinese Churches in the Philippines |date=June 30, 2017 |publisher=Langham Publishing |isbn=9781783682829 |access-date=September 14, 2022}}</ref>

Following the [[Philippines campaign (1941–1942)|Japanese invasion of the Philippines]] in 1941, the [[Imperial Japanese Army]] used [[Camp John Hay]], an American installation in Baguio, as a military base.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Flowers, new song for 72nd year of Baguio war bombings |newspaper=Philippine Daily Inquirer |url=http://newsinfo.inquirer.net/543421/flowers-new-song-for-72nd-year-of-baguio-war-bombings |access-date=August 28, 2016}}</ref> The nearby [[Philippine Constabulary]] base, [[Camp Holmes Internment Camp|Camp Holmes]], was used as an [[internment camp]] for about 500 civilian enemy aliens, mostly Americans, between April 1942 and December 1944.<ref name="Morton-2018">{{Cite book |last=Morton |first=Gillian |url=https://diginole.lib.fsu.edu/islandora/object/fsu:621061/datastream/PDF/view |title=Surviving and Striving for Normalcy: The Endurance of the Americans of Baguio Interned by the Japanese in the Philippines During World War II |date=2018 |publisher=Florida State University Libraries |pages=22–23 |access-date=September 16, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220916094618/https://diginole.lib.fsu.edu/islandora/object/fsu:621061/datastream/PDF/view |archive-date=September 16, 2022 |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>''Forbidden Diary: A Record of Wartime Internment, 1941–1945'' by Natalie Crouter (Burt Franklin & Co. 1980)<!-- ISSN/ISBN, page(s) needed --></ref>

[[File:Surrender_of_Japanese_Forces_in_the_Philippines_1945.jpg|thumb|General Yamashita (center, on the near side of the table) at the surrender ceremony at [[Camp John Hay]] on September 3, 1945.]]

President [[Jose P. Laurel|José P. Laurel]] of the [[Second Philippine Republic]], a [[puppet state]] established in 1943, departed the city on March 22 and reached [[Taiwan]] eight days later, on March 30.<ref name="SMCOrg">{{Cite web |last=Jose |first=Ricardo T. |title=Government in Exile |url=http://www.smc.org.ph/administrator/uploads/apmj_pdf/APMJ1999N1-2ART8.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141010081702/http://www.smc.org.ph/administrator/uploads/apmj_pdf/APMJ1999N1-2ART8.pdf |archive-date=October 10, 2014 |access-date=September 24, 2014 |website=Scalabrini Migration Center}}</ref> The remainder of the Second Republic government, along with Japanese civilians, were ordered to evacuate Baguio on March 30. General [[Tomoyuki Yamashita]] and his staff then relocated to [[Bambang, Nueva Vizcaya]].<ref name="Zeiler2">{{Cite book |last=Zeiler |first=Thomas W. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2gst1FpsWZQC&pg=PA134 |title=Unconditional Defeat: Japan, America, and the End of World War II |date=2004 |publisher=Rowman & Littlefield |isbn=978-0-8420-2991-9 |page=134}}</ref>

By late March 1945, Baguio was within range of the American and Filipino military [[Field artillery|artillery]].<ref name="SMCOrg" /> Between March 4 and 10, United States [[Fifth Air Force]] planes dropped 933 tons of bombs and 1,185 gallons of [[napalm]] on Baguio, reducing much of the city to rubble.<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Shaw |first1=Angel Velasco |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1v48DAAAQBAJ |title=Vestiges of War: The Philippine-American War and the Aftermath of an Imperial Dream 1899-1999 |last2=Francia |first2=Luis H. |date=December 2002 |publisher=[[NYU Press]] |isbn=978-0-8147-9791-4 |page=[https://books.google.com/books?id=1v48DAAAQBAJ&pg=PA219 219] |language=en}}</ref> A major offensive to capture Baguio did not occur until April 1945, when the [[United States Army Forces in the Philippines – Northern Luzon|USAFIP-NL]]'s 1st Battalion of the 66th Infantry, attached with the United States Army's [[37th Infantry Division (United States)|37th Infantry Division]], the USAFIP-NL's 2nd Battalion of 66th Infantry, attached with the US [[33rd Infantry Division (United States)|33rd Infantry Division]], and the USAFIP-NL's 3rd Battalion of the 66th Infantry, converged on Baguio. By April 27, 1945, the city was liberated and the joint force proceeded to liberate the La Trinidad valley.<ref name="People2" />

In September 1945, the Japanese forces in the Philippines, headed by General Yamashita and Vice Admiral Okochi, formally surrendered at [[John Hay Air Station#The American Residence|Camp John Hay's American Residence]] in the presence of [[lieutenant general]]s [[Arthur Percival]] and [[Jonathan M. Wainwright (general)|Jonathan Wainwright]].<ref name="multiref2">{{cite book|url=http://www.history.army.mil/books/wwii/MacArthur%20Reports/MacArthur%20V1/index.htm#contents|title=Reports of General MacArthur: The Campaign of MacArthur in the Pacific, Volume I|author=General Staff of General of the Army [[Douglas MacArthur]]|date=1966|publisher=United States Army|isbn=978-1-78266-035-4|page=464|chapter=Chapter XIV: Japan's Surrender|access-date=September 25, 2014|chapter-url=http://www.history.army.mil/books/wwii/MacArthur%20Reports/MacArthur%20V1/ch14.htm|archive-date=February 12, 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090212181053/http://www.history.army.mil/books/wwii/MacArthur%20Reports/MacArthur%20V1/index.htm#contents|url-status=dead}}{{Cite web |title=The American Residence in Baguio |url=http://manila.usembassy.gov/about-us/american-residence-in-baguio.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140903065401/http://manila.usembassy.gov/about-us/american-residence-in-baguio.html |archive-date=September 3, 2014 |access-date=September 25, 2014 |website=Embassy of the United States, Manila, Philippines |publisher=United States Department of State}}{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vQWJAAAAQBAJ&pg=PA163|title=A Great Betrayal: The Fall of Singapore Revisited|last1=Farrell|first1=Brian|last2=Hunter|first2=Sandy|date=December 15, 2009|publisher=Marshall Cavendish International Asia Pte Ltd|isbn=9789814435468|page=163}}{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=TO2mx314ST0C&pg=PA1727|title=Almanac of American Military History, Volume 1|last=Tucker|first=Spencer|date=November 21, 2012|publisher=ABC-CLIO|isbn=978-1-59884-530-3|page=1727}}</ref>

=== Post-World War II recovery ===
With the end of World War II, Baguio recovered quickly, earning a significant reputation as a tourism venue and earning significantly from tourism even though it ceased to be the official "Summer Capital of the Philippines" in 1976.<ref name="BaguioGovPH-History">{{Cite web |title=Baguio City Ecological Profile; History |url=https://www.baguio.gov.ph/sites/default/files/city_planning_and_development_office/downloadable_forms/Ecological%20Profile%202018%20Chapter%201.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200605100834/https://www.baguio.gov.ph/sites/default/files/city_planning_and_development_office/downloadable_forms/Ecological%20Profile%202018%20Chapter%201.pdf |archive-date=June 5, 2020 |access-date=September 14, 2022 |website=City Government of Baguio |publisher=2018 |page=4}}</ref>

=== During the Marcos dictatorship ===
The beginning months of the 1970s marked a period of turmoil and change in the Philippines,<ref name="Robles2016">{{Cite book |last=Robles |first=Raissa |title=Marcos Martial Law: Never Again |publisher=Filipinos for a Better Philippines, Inc. |year=2016 }}</ref> as well as in Baguio.<ref name="Panaglagip"/><ref name="BantayogProfileMaitaGomez"/> During his [[Ferdinand Marcos’ 1969 reelection campaign|bid to be the first Philippine president to be re-elected]] for a second term, Ferdinand Marcos launched an unprecedented number of public works projects. This caused<ref name=Balbosas1992>{{Cite journal |last=Balbosa |first=Joven Zamoras |date=1992 |title=IMF Stabilization Program and Economic Growth: The Case of the Philippines |journal=Journal of Philippine Development |volume=XIX |issue=35 |url=https://dirp4.pids.gov.ph/ris/pjd/pidsjpd92-2imf.pdf |access-date=November 6, 2022 |archive-date=September 21, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210921141056/https://dirp4.pids.gov.ph/ris/pjd/pidsjpd92-2imf.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name="Balisacan&Hill2003">{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=O_L9k58WM9UC&q=The+Philippine+economy+under+Marcos:+A+balance+sheet |title=The Philippine Economy: Development, Policies, and Challenges |last1=Balisacan |first1=A. M. |last2=Hill |first2=Hal |date=2003 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=9780195158984 |language=en}}</ref> the Philippine economy took a sudden downwards turn known as the [[1969 Philippine balance of payments crisis]], which in turn led to a period of economic difficulty and social unrest.<ref name="Cororaton1997">{{Cite journal |last=Cororaton |first=Cesar B.  |title=Exchange Rate Movements in the Philippines |journal=DPIDS Discussion Paper Series 97-05 |pages=3, 19}}</ref><ref name="Kessler1989">{{Cite book |url=https://archive.org/details/rebellionrepress0000kess |title=Rebellion and repression in the Philippines |last=Kessler |first=Richard J. |date=1989 |publisher=Yale University Press |isbn=0300044062 |location=New Haven |oclc=19266663 |url-access=registration }}</ref> {{rp|page="43"}}<ref name="Celoza1997">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Sp3U1oCNKlgC|title=Ferdinand Marcos and the Philippines: The Political Economy of Authoritarianism|last=Celoza|first=Albert F.|date=1997|publisher=Greenwood Publishing Group|isbn=9780275941376|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |url=https://archive.org/details/philippinesreade00schi |title=The Philippines reader : a history of colonialism, neocolonialism, dictatorship, and resistance |last=Schirmer |first=Daniel B. |date=1987 |publisher=South End Press |isbn=0896082768 |edition=1st |location=Boston |oclc=14214735 }}</ref> With only a year left in his last constitutionally allowed term as president Ferdinand Marcos placed the Philippines under [[Martial Law under Ferdinand Marcos|Martial Law]] in September 1972 and thus retained the position for fourteen more years.<ref name ="Kasaysayan9ch10">{{Cite book |title=Kasaysayan, The Story of the Filipino People Volume 9:A Nation Reborn. |publisher=Asia Publishing Company Limited |year=1998 |editor-last=Magno |editor-first=Alexander R. |location=Hong Kong |chapter=Democracy at the Crossroads}}</ref>  This period in Philippine history is remembered for the Marcos administration's record of [[Human rights abuses of the Marcos dictatorship|human rights abuses]],<ref name="McCoy199909202">{{cite web|url=http://www.hartford-hwp.com/archives/54a/062.html|title=Alfred McCoy, Dark Legacy: Human rights under the Marcos regime|date=September 20, 1999|publisher=[[Ateneo de Manila University]]}}</ref><ref name="Abinales&Amoroso20052">{{Cite book|title=State and society in the Philippines|last1=Abinales|first1=P.N.|last2=Amoroso|first2=Donna J.|date=2005|publisher=Rowman & Littlefield Publishers|isbn=978-0742510234|location=Lanham, MD|oclc=57452454}}</ref> particularly targeting political opponents, student activists, journalists, religious workers, farmers, and others who fought against the Marcos dictatorship.<ref name="Rappler">{{Cite news|url=https://www.rappler.com/newsbreak/iq/182828-marcos-dictatorship-martial-law-youth-leaders-killed|title=Gone too soon: 7 youth leaders killed under Martial Law|work=Rappler|access-date=June 15, 2018}}</ref>

During this time, Baguio City jail was partially adapted to become a detention center for "[[Political detainees under the Marcos dictatorship|political detainees]]" who were jailed because the administration saw them as threats, and who were often held without being formally charged, which is why they were classified as "detainees", not "prisoners."<ref name="binubura">{{cite web | url=https://www.gmanetwork.com/news/lifestyle/content/803518/ricky-lee-martial-law-detainee-on-historical-revisionism-para-akong-binubura/story/ | title=Ricky Lee, martial law detainee, on historical revisionism: 'Para akong binubura' | date=September 16, 2021 }}</ref><ref name="RocamoraBook">{{Cite book |last=Rocamora |first=Rick |title=Dark Memories of Torture, Incarceration, Disappearance, and Death under Ferdinand E. Marcos Sr.'s Martial Law |year=2023 |isbn=979-8-218-96751-2 |location=Quezon City}}</ref> Among the prominent prisoners held at the Baguio City jail were 1967 Miss Philippines–World [[Maita Gomez]] who had spoken against the government,<ref name="BantayogProfileMaitaGomez">{{Cite web |date=May 20, 2023 |title=Martyrs & Heroes: Maita Gomez |url=https://bantayogngmgabayani.org/bayani/maita-gomez/ |access-date=December 21, 2023 |website=Bantayog ng mga Bayani |language=en-US}}</ref> and Bulletin Today journalist Isidoro Chammag who had angered Marcos' soldiers by covering the 1983 [[Beew Massacre]] in [[Tubo, Abra]].<ref name="Panaglagip">Panaglagip: The North Remembers – Martial Law Stories of Struggle and Survival Edited by Joanna K. Cariño and Luchie B. Maranan.</ref>{{rp|page=197–198}} Camp Henry T. Allen, the original site of the Philippine Military Academy near the Baguio City Hall, was also designated as a detention center during this time.<ref name="Panaglagip"/>{{rp|page=142}} Many of these political detainees could not afford representation, so the Baguio Chapter of the [[Free Legal Assistance Group]], headed by Human Rights Lawyer [[Arthur Galace]], was kept busy defending them throughout the Martial law era.<ref name="BantayogProfileArthurGalace">{{Cite web |date=2023-06-04 |title=Martyrs and Heroes: Arthur Galace |url=https://bantayogngmgabayani.org/bayani/arthur-galace/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240814205230/https://bantayogngmgabayani.org/bayani/arthur-galace/ |archive-date=2024-08-14 |access-date=2025-02-08 |website=Bantayog ng mga Bayani |language=en-US}}</ref>

=== During the 1986 People Power Revolution ===
{{main|People Power Revolution}}

In the wake of the [[Snap Presidential elections of 1986]], antidictatorship organizers were based largely in the Azotea Building midway up Session Road, and in Cafe Amapola further up Session, at its intersection with Governor Pack Road. Because the United States' Armed Forces Radio and Television Network station at Camp John Hay was transmitting news from Manila, they learned early on that the [[People Power revolution|People Power Revolution]] had begun in Manila. Deciding that their locations were too unsafe, they encamped in the courtyard of the [[Baguio Cathedral]], which was located on higher ground.<ref name="PeoplePowerBaguioRappler">{{Cite news |title=EDSA '86 up north: The day Baguio turned yellow |language=en |work=Rappler |url=https://www.rappler.com/nation/baguio-people-power-edsa-revolution |access-date=March 17, 2021}}</ref> They were later joined by Lt. [[Benjamin Magalong]], of the [[Philippine Constabulary]] detachment in Buguias, Benguet,<ref name="PeoplePowerBaguioHerald">{{Cite news |title=Remembering the People's Power Revolution in Baguio |language=en-US |work=Baguio Herald Express |url=https://www.baguioheraldexpressonline.com/remembering-the-peoples-power-revolution-in-baguio-2c/ |access-date=March 17, 2021}}</ref> who had defected from the government, gone to the nearby Central Police Station in Baguio, and disarmed its personnel to prevent any untoward incidents while Baguio residents continued to gather at the cathedral to protest the [[Human rights abuses of the Marcos dictatorship|abuses of the Marcos administration]].<ref name="PeoplePowerBaguioHerald" /> The Baguio Cathedral, and Session Road adjacent to it, thus became the center of the [[People Power revolution]] in Baguio - paralleling similar protests in [[Cebu City|Cebu]], [[Davao City|Davao]], [[Bacolod]], [[Manila]], and other major Philippine cities, eventually leading to the ouster of President [[Ferdinand Marcos]] on February 25, 1986.<ref name="PeoplePowerBaguioRappler" />

=== Creation of the Cordillera Administrative Region ===
On July 15, 1987, President [[Corazon Aquino]] issued ''[[Executive order (Philippines)|Executive Order]] 220'' which created the Cordillera Administrative Region,<ref name="CountrySTAT">{{Cite web |title=Regional Profile: Cordillera Administrative Region (CAR) |url=http://countrystat.bas.gov.ph/?cont=16&r=14 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141022184555/http://countrystat.bas.gov.ph/?cont=16&r=14 |archive-date=October 22, 2014 |access-date=September 18, 2014 |website=CountrySTAT Philippines}}</ref><ref name="DeptAgri">{{Cite web |title=The Cordillera Administrative Region (CAR) |url=http://ati.da.gov.ph/car/about/cordillera-administrative-region-car |access-date=September 18, 2014 |website=Department of Agriculture |archive-date=April 2, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402220535/http://ati.da.gov.ph/car/about/cordillera-administrative-region-car |url-status=dead }}</ref> and made the highly urbanized city of Baguio its seat of government.<ref name="baguio.gov.ph" /> [[Cordillera autonomy movement|Various attempts]] at legally turning the Cordillera Administrative Region into an [[autonomy|autonomous region]] have been pursued, but failed to gather enough public support in two separate autonomy [[plebiscite]]s.<ref name="ABS-CBNNews">{{Cite news |last=Ferrer |first=Miriam Coronel |date=September 4, 2010 |title=Cordillera autonomy - Miriam Coronel Ferrer |publisher=[[ABS-CBN News]] |url=http://www.abs-cbnnews.com/insights/04/08/10/cordillera-autonomy-miriam-coronel-ferrer |access-date=January 4, 2015 |archive-date=June 20, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150620023922/http://www.abs-cbnnews.com/insights/04/08/10/cordillera-autonomy-miriam-coronel-ferrer |url-status=dead }}</ref>

=== 1990 Luzon Earthquake and aftermath ===
The [[1990 Luzon earthquake]] ({{M|s|link=y}} = 7.7) destroyed some parts of Baguio and the surrounding province of Benguet on the afternoon of July 16, 1990.<ref name="Phivolcs-1990Earthquake2">{{Cite web |last1=Punongbayan |first1=Raymundo S. |last2=Rimando |first2=Rolly E. |last3=Daligdig |first3=Jessie A. |last4=Besana |first4=Glenda M. |last5=Daag |first5=Arturo S. |last6=Nakata |first6=Takashi |last7=Tsutsumi |first7=Hiroyuki |title=The July 16 Earthquake; A Technical Monograph |url=http://earthquake.phivolcs.dost.gov.ph/update_SOEPD/Earthquake/1990LuzonEQ_Monograph/pp001/pp001.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111007001103/http://earthquake.phivolcs.dost.gov.ph/update_SOEPD/Earthquake/1990LuzonEQ_Monograph/pp001/pp001.html |archive-date=October 7, 2011 |access-date=October 13, 2018 |publisher=[[Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology]]; Hiroshima University}}</ref> A significant number of buildings and infrastructure were damaged, including the Hyatt Terraces Plaza, Nevada Hotel, Baguio Park Hotel, FRB Hotel and Baguio Hilltop Hotel; major highways were temporarily blocked due to landslides and pavement breakup; and a number of houses were leveled or severely shaken with numerous casualties.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Gwen de la Cruz |date=July 16, 2014 |title=Remembering the 1990 Luzon Earthquake |work=Rappler |url=http://www.rappler.com/newsbreak/iq/63417-remembering-1990-luzon-earthquake |access-date=August 12, 2016}}</ref> Some of the fallen buildings were built on or near fault lines; local architects later admitted structural building codes should have been followed more religiously, particularly regarding concrete and rebar standards, and "soft stories." Baguio has been rebuilt with aid from the national government and international donors such as [[Japan]], [[Singapore]] and the [[United States]].{{citation needed|date=July 2022}}

==Geography==
[[File:Trees near UP Baguio (Baguio, Benguet)(2018-11-26).jpg|thumb|Pine trees near [[UP Baguio]]]]

Baguio is a highland city nestled within the [[Cordillera Central (Luzon)|Cordillera Central]] mountain range in northern [[Luzon]]. While the downtown core ranges from 1400 to 1500 meters above sea level, elevations within Baguio's administrative boundaries extend from about 900 meters (along the [[Bued River]]) to almost {{convert|1700|m}} (around the Busol watershed). Mountain peaks on the outskirts of Baguio reach over {{convert|2200|m}} above sea level, the highest being [[Mount Santo Tomas]] in [[Tuba, Benguet|Tuba]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://en-ca.topographic-map.com/map-lzhtp/Philippines/ |title=Philippines topographic map |author=<!--Not stated--> |access-date=April 21, 2024}}</ref>

Enclosed by the province of [[Benguet]],<ref name="BaguioGovPH-About2" /> the city covers a small area of {{convert|57.5|km2|1|abbr=out}}. Most of the developed part of the city is built on the uneven, hilly terrain of the northern section. When [[Daniel Burnham]] drew plans for the city, he made the City Hall a reference point where the city limits extend {{convert|8.2|km}} from east to west and {{convert|7.2|km}} from north to south.<ref name="BaguioGovPH-About2" />

===Barangays===
Baguio is composed of 129 [[barangay]]s. Each barangay consists of [[purok]]s and some have [[sitios]].

[[File:Baguio Barangay Map.png|thumb|Barangays of Baguio]]

{{Div col|colwidth=20em}}
* A. Bonifacio-Caguioa-Rimando {{small|(''ABCR'')}}
* Abanao-Zandueta-Kayong-Chugum-Otek {{small|(''AZKCO'')}}
* Alfonso Tabora
* Ambiong
* Andres Bonifacio {{small|(''Lower Bokawkan'')}}
* Apugan-Loakan
* Asin Road
* Atok Trail
* Aurora Hill Proper {{small|(''Malvar-Sgt. Floresca'')}}
* Aurora Hill, North Central
* Aurora Hill, South Central
* Bagong Lipunan {{small|(''Market Area'')}}
* Bakakeng Central
* Bakakeng North
* Bal-Marcoville {{small|(''Marcoville'')}}
* Balsigan
* Bayan Park East
* Bayan Park Village
* Bayan Park West {{small|(''Bayan Park, Leonila Hill'')}}
* BGH Compound
* Brookside
* [[Brookspoint]]
* Cabinet Hill-Teacher's Camp
* Camdas Subdivision
* Camp 7
* Camp 8
* Camp Allen
* Campo Filipino
* City Camp Central
* City Camp Proper
* Country Club Village
* Cresencia Village
* Dagsian, Lower
* Dagsian, Upper
* Dizon Subdivision
* Dominican Hill-Mirador
* Dontogan
* [[DPS Compound]]
* Engineers' Hill
* Fairview Village
* Ferdinand {{small|(''Happy Homes-Campo Sioco'')}}
* Fort del Pilar
* Gabriela Silang
* General Emilio F. Aguinaldo {{small|(''Quirino{{nbhyph}}Magsaysay,&nbsp;Lower'')}}
* General Luna, Upper
* General Luna, Lower
* Gibraltar
* Greenwater Village
* Guisad Central
* Guisad Sorong
* Happy Hollow
* Happy Homes {{small|(''Happy Homes-Lucban'')}}
* Harrison-Claudio Carantes
* Hillside
* Holy Ghost Extension
* Holy Ghost Proper
* Honeymoon {{small|(''Honeymoon-Holy Ghost'')}}
* Imelda R. Marcos {{small|(''La Salle'')}}
* Imelda Village
* [[Irisan]]
* Kabayanihan
* Kagitingan
* Kayang Extension
* Kayang-Hilltop
* Kias
* Legarda-Burnham-Kisad
* Liwanag-Loakan
* Loakan Proper
* Lopez Jaena
* Lourdes Subdivision Extension
* Lourdes Subdivision, Lower
* Lourdes Subdivision, Proper
* Lualhati
* Lucnab
* Magsaysay Private Road
* Magsaysay, Lower
* Magsaysay, Upper
* Malcolm Square-Perfecto {{small|(''Jose Abad Santos'')}}
* Manuel A. Roxas
* Market Subdivision, Upper
* Middle Quezon Hill Subdivision {{small|(''Quezon Hill Middle'')}}
* Military Cut-off
* Mines View Park
* Modern Site, East
* Modern Site, West
* MRR-Queen of Peace
* New Lucban
* Outlook Drive
* Pacdal
* Padre Burgos
* Padre Zamora
* Palma-Urbano {{small|(''Cariño-Palma'')}}
* Phil-Am
* Pinget
* Pinsao Pilot Project
* Pinsao Proper
* Poliwes
* Pucsusan
* Quezon Hill Proper
* Quezon Hill, Upper
* Quirino Hill, East
* Quirino Hill, Lower
* Quirino Hill, Middle
* Quirino Hill, West
* Quirino-Magsaysay, Upper {{small|(''Upper QM'')}}
* Rizal Monument Area
* Rock Quarry, Lower
* Rock Quarry, Middle
* Rock Quarry, Upper
* Saint Joseph Village
* Salud Mitra
* San Antonio Village
* San Luis Village
* San Roque Village
* San Vicente
* Sanitary Camp, North
* Sanitary Camp, South
* Santa Escolastica
* Santo Rosario
* Santo Tomas Proper
* Santo Tomas School Area
* Scout Barrio
* Session Road Area
* Slaughter House Area {{small|(''Santo Niño Slaughter'')}}
* SLU-SVP Housing Village
* South Drive
* Teodora Alonzo
* Trancoville
* Victoria Village
{{div col end}}

====Proposed merger of barangays====
A proposed merging of the city's 129 barangays had not been implemented since its inception in 2000. Several local officials stressed that many of the city's barangays did not comply with the minimum requirements in the [[Local Government Code of the Philippines]] that a highly urbanized city must have a certified population of least 5,000 inhabitants. According to Mayor Mauricio Domogan, in the past, benefits granted to local governments were based on the number of existing barangays; this led former local officials to create as many barangays as possible in the city in order to acquire additional benefits from the national government. The proposed merger, which will reduce the barangays from 130 to about 40 to 50 by merging adjacent ones, is believed to solve several issues concerning barangay boundary disputes, seemingly biased [[Internal Revenue Allotment|allocation of funds]] for larger barangays in relation to barangays with lesser area and population, as well as the inadequate [[honorarium]] of barangay officials.<ref name="BaguioGovPh-BrgyMerger2">{{Cite news |last=See |first=Dexter A. |title=Merger of city's 130 barangays pressed |publisher=Official website of the City Government of Baguio |url=http://www.baguio.gov.ph/content/merger-city%E2%80%99s-128-barangays-pressed |access-date=September 28, 2018}}</ref><ref name="SunStarPh-BrgyMerger2">{{Cite news |date=March 8, 2017 |title=Special body formed for barangay merger |work=SunStar |url=https://www.sunstar.com.ph/article/130040 |access-date=September 28, 2018}}</ref><ref name="Midland-BrgyMerger2">{{Cite news |last=Cruz |first=Maria Aprila W. |title=More dialogues on merger of barangay pressed |publisher=Baguio Midland Courier |url=http://www.baguiomidlandcourier.com.ph/city.asp?mode=archives/2014/january/1-19-2014/city6.txt |access-date=September 28, 2018 |archive-date=September 28, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180928201106/http://www.baguiomidlandcourier.com.ph/city.asp?mode=archives/2014/january/1-19-2014/city6.txt |url-status=dead }}</ref>

===Climate===
{{Weather box
|width = auto
|location = Baguio (1991–2020 normals, extremes 1909–2021)
|metric first = Yes
|single line = Yes
| Jan record high C = 28.4
| Feb record high C = 28.7
| Mar record high C = 30.4
| Apr record high C = 30.0
| May record high C = 29.4
| Jun record high C = 28.7
| Jul record high C = 27.9
| Aug record high C = 27.7
| Sep record high C = 28.0
| Oct record high C = 27.7
| Nov record high C = 28.2
| Dec record high C = 28.2
|year record high C = 30.4
| Jan high C = 23.1
| Feb high C = 23.7
| Mar high C = 24.8
| Apr high C = 25.5
| May high C = 24.7
| Jun high C = 24.3
| Jul high C = 23.1
| Aug high C = 22.3
| Sep high C = 23.0
| Oct high C = 23.6
| Nov high C = 23.9
| Dec high C = 23.5
|year high C = 23.8
| Jan mean C = 18.1
| Feb mean C = 18.5
| Mar mean C = 19.7
| Apr mean C = 20.7
| May mean C = 20.6
| Jun mean C = 20.4
| Jul mean C = 19.6
| Aug mean C = 19.3
| Sep mean C = 19.6
| Oct mean C = 19.6
| Nov mean C = 19.5
| Dec mean C = 18.8
|year mean C = 19.5
| Jan low C = 13.0
| Feb low C = 13.4
| Mar low C = 14.5
| Apr low C = 15.9
| May low C = 16.4
| Jun low C = 16.5
| Jul low C = 16.2
| Aug low C = 16.2
| Sep low C = 16.1
| Oct low C = 15.6
| Nov low C = 15.1
| Dec low C = 14.1
|year low C = 15.2
| Jan record low C = 6.3
| Feb record low C = 6.7
| Mar record low C = 7.4
| Apr record low C = 10.0
| May record low C = 12.0
| Jun record low C = 13.3
| Jul record low C = 12.5
| Aug record low C = 12.8
| Sep record low C = 12.6
| Oct record low C = 11.3
| Nov record low C = 9.2
| Dec record low C = 7.6
|year record low C = 6.3
| rain colour = green
| Jan rain mm = 16.4
| Feb rain mm = 23.7
| Mar rain mm = 50.5
| Apr rain mm = 99.5
| May rain mm = 340.0
| Jun rain mm = 406.1
| Jul rain mm = 772.7
| Aug rain mm = 963.2
| Sep rain mm = 537.3
| Oct rain mm = 477.3
| Nov rain mm = 96.1
| Dec rain mm = 41.6
|year rain mm = 3824.4
| unit rain days = 1 mm
| Jan rain days = 3
| Feb rain days = 3
| Mar rain days = 5
| Apr rain days = 8
| May rain days = 18
| Jun rain days = 19
| Jul rain days = 24
| Aug rain days = 25
| Sep rain days = 22
| Oct rain days = 13
| Nov rain days = 7
| Dec rain days = 5
|year rain days = 152
|Jan humidity = 85
|Feb humidity = 85
|Mar humidity = 84
|Apr humidity = 85
|May humidity = 88
|Jun humidity = 90
|Jul humidity = 92
|Aug humidity = 93
|Sep humidity = 92
|Oct humidity = 90
|Nov humidity = 86
|Dec humidity = 85
|year humidity = 88
|Jan sun = 226.5
|Feb sun = 228.0
|Mar sun = 242.6
|Apr sun = 254.9
|May sun = 224.9
|Jun sun = 206.3
|Jul sun = 168.0
|Aug sun = 145.5
|Sep sun = 178.9
|Oct sun = 232.2
|Nov sun = 223.2
|Dec sun = 210.9
|year sun = 2541.8
|Jan percentsun = 66
|Feb percentsun = 71
|Mar percentsun = 66
|Apr percentsun = 69
|May percentsun = 57
|Jun percentsun = 53
|Jul percentsun = 42
|Aug percentsun = 37
|Sep percentsun = 49
|Oct percentsun = 65
|Nov percentsun = 66
|Dec percentsun = 62
|year percentsun = 58
|source 1 = [[Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration|PAGASA]]<ref name="PAGASAnormals">{{Cite web |title=Baguio City, Benguet Climatological Normal Values 1991–2020 |url=https://pubfiles.pagasa.dost.gov.ph/pagasaweb/files/cad/CLIMATOLOGICAL%20NORMALS%20(1991-2020)/BAGUIO.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220308095123/https://pubfiles.pagasa.dost.gov.ph/pagasaweb/files/cad/CLIMATOLOGICAL%20NORMALS%20(1991-2020)/BAGUIO.pdf |archive-date=March 8, 2022 |access-date=May 5, 2022 |publisher=Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration}}</ref><ref name="PAGASAextremes">{{Cite web |title=Baguio City, Benguet Climatological Extremes |url=https://pubfiles.pagasa.dost.gov.ph/pagasaweb/files/cad/CLIMATOLOGICAL%20EXTREMES%20(as%20of%202021)/Baguio.pdf#toolbar=0&navpanes=0 |access-date=January 28, 2023 |publisher=Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration}}</ref>
|source 2 = DWD (sunshine 1978-2022)<ref>{{Cite web |title=98328_197802_201912 |url=https://opendata.dwd.de/climate_environment/CDC/observations_global/CLIMAT/monthly/qc/sunshine_duration/historical/98328_197802_201912.txt |access-date=January 28, 2023 |publisher=[[Deutscher Wetterdienst]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=98328 |url=https://opendata.dwd.de/climate_environment/CDC/observations_global/CLIMAT/monthly/qc/sunshine_duration/recent/98328.txt |access-date=January 28, 2023 |publisher=[[Deutscher Wetterdienst]]}}</ref>
}}

As a city with varying terrain, Baguio features a [[tropical monsoon climate]] ([[Köppen climate classification]]: '''Am''') and a [[subtropical highland climate]] ([[Köppen climate classification]]: '''Cwb'''), depending on the local elevation. Owing to its generally high elevation, the city is known for its mild climate and unusually low temperature: usually about {{convert|7|to|10|C-change|F-change|0}} cooler than the lowland temperatures near sea level.<ref name="BaguioGovPH-About2" /><ref name="asiatravel.com2">{{Cite web |title=Baguio City Travel Information, Philippines |url=http://www.asiatravel.com/philippines/baguio1.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/19971122170130/http://www.asiatravel.com/philippines/baguio1.html |archive-date=November 22, 1997 |access-date=February 26, 2013 |publisher=Asia Travel}}</ref> Average temperature range from {{convert|15|to|23|C|F}}, with the lowest temperatures occurring between November and February. The lowest recorded temperature was {{convert|6.3|C|F}} on January 18, 1961; in contrast, the all-time high of {{convert|30.4|C|F}} was recorded on March 15, 1988,<ref name="PAGASA-BaguioStation">{{Cite web |title=STATION: BAGUIO CITY, BENGUET |url=https://pubfiles.pagasa.dost.gov.ph/cds/Baguio.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220916100246/https://pubfiles.pagasa.dost.gov.ph/cds/Baguio.pdf |archive-date=September 16, 2022 |access-date=September 16, 2022 |website=Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration}}</ref> during the 1988 [[El Niño]] season.<ref name="Inq200812172">{{Cite news |last1=Basilan |first1=Jacquelyn |last2=Khristine Love Vicente |date=December 17, 2008 |title=Baguio wakes up to coldest morn in 2008 |newspaper=Philippine Daily Inquirer |url=http://newsinfo.inquirer.net/breakingnews/regions/view_article.php?article_id=178518 |url-status=live |access-date=January 12, 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081219102310/http://newsinfo.inquirer.net/breakingnews/regions/view_article.php?article_id=178518 |archive-date=December 19, 2008}}</ref> The temperature seldom exceeds {{convert|26|C|F|1}} even during the warmest part of the year.

{{clear left}}

====Precipitation====
[[File:Overlooking Baguio City.jpg|thumb|Fog in Baguio as viewed from [[Mount Cabuyao]]]]

Like many other cities with a [[subtropical highland climate]], Baguio receives noticeably less [[precipitation]] during its dry season. However, the city has an extraordinary amount of precipitation during the rainy season from June to October.<ref name="BaguioGovPH-About2" /> The city averages over {{convert|3914|mm|0|abbr=on}} of rainfall annually, the highest in the country.<ref>{{Cite news |date=February 8, 2015 |title=Baguio weakest vs climate change |language=English |work=SunStar |url=https://www.sunstar.com.ph/article/392018/baguio-weakest-vs-climate-change- |access-date=August 23, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220823162109/https://www.sunstar.com.ph/article/392018/baguio-weakest-vs-climate-change- |archive-date=August 23, 2022}}</ref>

== Environment ==
=== Pollution ===
[[File:Baguio - Lower Bonifacio (Baguio, Benguet)(2018-11-26).jpg|thumb|[[Smog]] from vehicles in Bonifacio Street in 2018]]

Baguio suffers from [[air pollution]] and is one of the cities with the dirtiest air in the Philippines, according to a 2014 [[World Health Organization|WHO]] report;<ref>{{Cite news |title=Baguio air is among the dirtiest in the country |language=en-US |work=GMA News |url=https://www.gmanetwork.com/news/story/360705/scitech/science/baguio-air-is-among-the-dirtiest-in-the-country/ |access-date=July 18, 2019}}</ref> a slight improvement in the city's air quality was cited in 2017 by the [[Department of Environment and Natural Resources|DENR]]'s Environmental Management Bureau. In a 2018 WHO report, the city was listed as having the most polluted air among 8 other local cities ([[Cebu City|Cebu]], [[Dagupan]], [[Davao City|Davao]], [[Manila]], San Carlos, [[Urdaneta, Pangasinan|Urdaneta]] and [[Zamboanga City|Zamboanga]]).<ref>{{Cite news |last=Peña |first=Rox |date=May 10, 2018 |title=Peña: The latest WHO air pollution report |language=en |work=SunStar |url=https://www.sunstar.com.ph//article/1742569 |access-date=July 18, 2019 |archive-date=April 10, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210410223018/https://www.sunstar.com.ph/article/1742569 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Eco-vehicles and [[Euro 4]] compliant vehicles have been tested to see whether or not they are suited for the city's steep slopes in line with efforts to modernize its [[Public transit|Public Utility Vehicle]]s (PUVs).<ref>{{Cite news |last=Llanes |first=Jonathan |date=August 27, 2018 |title=Euro-4 jeep tested in Baguio |language=en |work=SunStar |url=https://www.sunstar.com.ph//article/1760159 |access-date=July 18, 2019 |archive-date=April 5, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230405191325/https://www.sunstar.com.ph//article/1760159 |url-status=dead }}</ref> PUVs, specifically [[jeepney]]s, have been pushed for its modernization, in line with [[President Duterte]]'s [[Jeepney modernization program|PUV modernization initiative]].<ref>{{Cite news |date=March 2, 2019 |title=PUV Modernized Jeep Suitable in Baguio, Cordilleras |language=en-US |work=Baguio Herald Express |url=https://www.baguioheraldexpressonline.com/puv-modernized-jeep-suitable-in-baguio-cordi/ |access-date=July 18, 2019}}</ref>

Another problem that plagues Baguio is its garbage and waste disposal. The city has been dumping its garbage in a [[landfill]] in [[Urdaneta, Pangasinan|Urdaneta]] City, but rising costs are putting a strain on the city's budget.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Garbage problem plagues Baguio City — COA |work=Manila Bulletin |url=https://news.mb.com.ph/2018/08/01/garbage-problem-plagues-baguio-city-coa |access-date=July 18, 2019 |archive-date=August 1, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180801114059/https://news.mb.com.ph/2018/08/01/garbage-problem-plagues-baguio-city-coa/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> In early 2018, the city government started using its [[Transfer station (waste management)|garbage transfer station]] in the city outskirts near [[Aspiras-Palispis Highway|Marcos Highway]], drawing protests from residents of the nearby town of [[Tuba, Benguet|Tuba]], who cited the facility poses health hazards to their communities.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Agatep |first=Primo |date=February 2, 2018 |title=Tuba residents oppose nearby Baguio waste transfer station |language=en |work=Philippine News Agency |url=https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1023677 |access-date=September 14, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180214215120/https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1023677 |archive-date=February 14, 2018}}</ref> As of 2019, the [[Philippine National Oil Company]] has offered to test a [[waste-to-energy]] technology as a possible solution to its garbage woes.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Quitasol |first=Aldwin |date=July 6, 2019 |title=Waste to energy |work=[[Daily Tribune (Philippines)|Daily Tribune]] |url=https://tribune.net.ph/index.php/2019/07/07/waste-to-energy/ |access-date=July 18, 2019 |archive-date=July 18, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200718145515/https://tribune.net.ph/index.php/2019/07/07/waste-to-energy/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Baguio's [[waste water treatment plant]] is also eyed for an expansion as it has been unable to fully cater to the city's needs; wastewater which the plant could not accommodate were dumped in the [[Balili River]], leading to its high [[coliform index|coliform levels]]—even higher than that of [[Manila Bay]]'s.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Sewage plant in Baguio needs P250-M rehab funds |language=en |work=Philippine News Agency |url=https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1042878 |access-date=July 18, 2019}}</ref>

== Landscape ==
Baguio is also a planned city. American Architect and Urban Planner [[Daniel Burnham]] was commissioned to design the new capital; his design for the city was based on the [[City Beautiful movement]],<ref>{{Cite book |last=McKenna |first=Rebecca Tinio |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nEGvDQAAQBAJ |title=American Imperial Pastoral: The Architecture of US Colonialism in the Philippines |date=January 20, 2017 |publisher=University of Chicago Press |isbn=978-0-226-41793-6 |page=[https://books.google.com/books?id=nEGvDQAAQBAJ&pg=PA96 96] |language=en |access-date=August 27, 2022}}</ref> which features broad streets and avenues radiating out from rectangles.

During the Second World War, Baguio was razed to the ground during the Japanese forces' invasion and the subsequent shelling by American forces during the liberation.<ref name="Locsin-2013">{{cite journal |last1=Locsin |first1=Ma. Rina |title=A Brief History of the Baguio Sine |journal=Plaridel |date=February 1, 2013 |volume=10 |issue=1 |pages=67–68 |doi=10.52518/2013.10.1-04lcsn |url=https://www.plarideljournal.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/10/2013-01-Afable.pdf |access-date=August 20, 2023 |publisher=[[University of the Philippines|UP College of Mass Communication]] |s2cid=257791789 |issn=1656-2534 |oclc=9816707476}}</ref> After the liberation, rebuilding began and most of the historical buildings were thoroughly reconstructed. However, some of the historic buildings from the 19th century that had been preserved in reasonably reconstructible form were nonetheless eradicated or otherwise left to deteriorate.{{citation needed|date=August 2022}} The [[1990 Luzon earthquake]] further devastated Baguio's old buildings, which include 28 collapsed buildings such as hotels, factories, government and university buildings, and many private homes and establishments.<ref>{{Cite news |date=July 20, 1990 |title=Manila Assesses Damage and High Cost of Quake |language=en-US |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1990/07/20/world/manila-assesses-damage-and-high-cost-of-quake.html |access-date=July 20, 2019 |issn=0362-4331}}</ref>

Baguio's current landscape is mostly of contemporary architecture.{{citation needed|date=August 2022}}

=== Architecture ===
[[File:Session Road, Baguio.JPG|thumb|Porta Vaga Mall along Session Road]]

Baguio's contemporary architecture is largely of American build,{{citation needed|date=August 2023}} since Americans were the ones to establish a station here. A few examples include those built at Teacher's Camp and Camp John Hay, previous American installations in the city as well as the current Baguio City Hall. Some buildings are also influenced by Spanish building concepts, such as ''Porta Vaga Mall'' and ''La Azotea''.{{citation needed|date=August 2023}} One of the more modern buildings in the city is [[SM City Baguio]], established in 2003.<ref>{{Cite news |date=July 25, 2001 |title=SM to push through with Baguio project |newspaper=Philippine Daily Inquirer |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=iaU2AAAAIBAJ&sjid=hSUMAAAAIBAJ&pg=3163,3881781 |access-date=July 20, 2019 |via=Google News}}</ref>

Moves by various groups with the goal to preserve these buildings have been made.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Conservation bid in Baguio draws support of architects |language=en |newspaper=Philippine Daily Inquirer |url=https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/637295/conservation-bid-in-baguio-draws-support-of-architects |access-date=July 20, 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=September 20, 2015 |title=Architect says time to rethink Baguio's master dev't plan |work=Baguio Midland Courier |url=http://baguiomidlandcourier.com.ph/city.asp?mode=archives/2015/september/9-20-2015/city1.txt |access-date=July 20, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150928011732/http://baguiomidlandcourier.com.ph/city.asp?mode=archives/2015/september/9-20-2015/city1.txt |archive-date=September 28, 2015}}</ref> As a historic building, the Baguio City Hall has faced opposition to renovation of its grounds, since that may be against laws on national cultural heritage sites;<ref>{{Cite news |last=Agency |first=Philippines News |title=Baguio City Hall construction violates law on national cultural heritage sites |language=en-US |work=BusinessMirror |url=https://businessmirror.com.ph/2015/04/14/baguio-city-hall-construction-violates-law-on-national-cultural-heritage-sites/ |access-date=July 20, 2019}}</ref> the renovations, however, continued as there has been no documentation supporting the City Hall as a national heritage site.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Fontanilla |first=Giovani Joy |date=April 16, 2015 |title=Baguio City Hall gets facelift |language=en |work=SunStar |url=https://www.sunstar.com.ph//article/4178 |access-date=July 20, 2019 |archive-date=April 5, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230405191327/https://www.sunstar.com.ph//article/4178 |url-status=dead }}</ref> The construction of the City Hall park was finished in May 2019 as was said to define the city's new moniker as a creative center for crafts and folk arts.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Renovated Baguio City Hall park to reflect UNESCO creative status |language=en |work=Philippine News Agency |url=https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1071117 |access-date=July 20, 2019}}</ref>

==Demographics==
{{Philippine Census
| 1903 =
| 1918 = {{PH census population|1918}}
| 1939 = {{PH census population|1939}}
| 1948 = {{PH census population|1948}}
| 1960 = {{PH census population|1960}}
| 1970 = {{PH census population|1970}}
| 1975 = {{PH census population|1975}}
| 1980 = {{PH census population|1980}}
| 1990 = {{PH census population|1990}}
| 1995 = {{PH census population|1995}}
| 2000 = {{PH census population|2000}}
| 2007 = {{PH census population|2007}}
| 2010 = {{PH census population|2010}}
| 2015 = {{PH census population|2015}}
| 2020 = {{PH census population|2020}}
| 2024 = {{PH census population|2024}}
| 2030 = 
| cols = 1
| align= right
| title= Population census of {{PH wikidata|name}}
| footnote= Source: [[Philippine Statistics Authority]]{{PH wikidata|population_reference}}{{PH census|2015}}{{PH census|2010}}{{PH census|2007}}{{LWUA population data}}}}

The original inhabitants of Baguio are the [[Ibaloi people]] (natively pronounced as "Ivadoi"). When the Americans established the city in the early 1900s, early settlers in the city included members of other [[Igorot]] tribes (''Igudut'' in [[Ibaloi language|Ibaloi]]), the lowlander [[Ilocano people|Ilocanos]] (''Iduko''), Americans (''Merikano''), and ''[[Filipino Mestizos|mestizos]]''. A significant number of [[Filipino Chinese|Chinese]] (both [[Cantonese people|Cantonese]] and [[Hoklo people|Hokkien]]) and [[Japanese in the Philippines|Japanese]] laborers were also hired to build [[Kennon Road]], many of whom later settled in the city.<ref name="Pungayan" />

Baguio is an [[overpopulated]] city, having a population density of more than 6,000 people per square kilometer.<ref name="SunStar-CarryingCapacity" /> Originally planned by Daniel Burnham to accommodate 25,000 to 30,000 people,<ref name="SunStar-CarryingCapacity">{{cite news |last1=Llanes |first1=Jonathan |title=Studying Baguio's carrying capacity for future planning |url=https://www.sunstar.com.ph/baguio/feature/studying-baguios-carrying-capacity-for-future-planning |access-date=3 June 2024 |work=[[SunStar]] |date=30 August 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231219190015/https://www.sunstar.com.ph/baguio/feature/studying-baguios-carrying-capacity-for-future-planning |archive-date=December 19, 2023 |language=en}}</ref> the city's population has swelled to 366,358 persons as of May 2020.{{PH census|2020}} The city has a very young age structure as 65.5 percent of its total population is below thirty years old. Females comprise 51.3 percent of the population as against 48.7 percent for males. The household population comprises 98 percent of the total population, or 245,000 persons. With an average of 4.6 members per household, a total of 53,261 households are gleaned. During the peak of the annual tourist influx, particularly during the [[Lent|Lenten period]], [[homestay|transients]] triple the population.<ref name="BaguioGovPH-About2" />

=== Crime ===
Crime in Baguio is concentrated in theft and vehicular accidents. Crime in the city is also directly related to its changing demographics and unique criminal justice system. The [[Illegal drug trade in the Philippines|illegal drug trade]] is also a problem of the city as 24 of its 129 [[barangay]]s are considered as drug affected as of December 2017.<ref name="Llanes">{{Cite news |last=Llanes |first=Jonathan |date=May 30, 2018 |title=Baguio's crime solution ranks highest nationwide |language=en |work=SunStar |url=https://www.sunstar.com.ph//article/1745644 |access-date=July 19, 2019 |archive-date=April 5, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230405191325/https://www.sunstar.com.ph//article/1745644 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

In 2018, Baguio was listed as one of the safest cities both in the [[ASEAN]] region, ranking sixth with a crime index of 40.57 and safety index of 59.43. The Baguio City Police Office also has the highest crime solution efficiency nationwide of 84%, compared to the national 77% and the region's 70%.<ref name="Llanes" /> In May 2019 BCPO also reported a drop of 27% in crimes, from 1,150 in 2018 to 834 in 2019. The BCPO was awarded as the country's best city police station in 2018.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Llanes |first=Jonathan |date=July 30, 2018 |title=Baguio awarded best city police station in PH |language=en |work=SunStar |url=https://www.sunstar.com.ph//article/1755467 |access-date=July 19, 2019 |archive-date=April 5, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230405191328/https://www.sunstar.com.ph//article/1755467 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

===Religion===
[[File:Baguio_Cathedral_2.JPG|thumb|left|The [[Baguio Cathedral|Cathedral of Our Lady of the Atonement]], the seat of the [[Roman Catholic Diocese of Baguio]]]]

Baguio is a predominantly [[Christianity in the Philippines|Christian]] city, as of 2015; [[Catholic Church in the Philippines|Roman Catholics]] at {{percent and number|254,716|345,366}}, [[Evangelicals]] ([[Philippine Council of Evangelical Churches]]) at {{percent and number|24,236|345,366}}, [[National Council of Churches in the Philippines]] at {{percent and number|17,968|345,366}}, and [[Iglesia ni Cristo]] at {{percent and number|13,897|345,366}}.<ref name="PSAGovPH-2015-Baguio">{{Cite web |title=Baguio City Statistical Tables |url=https://psa.gov.ph/sites/default/files/attachments/hsd/specialrelease/Baguio%20City_Statistical%20Tables.xls |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190714170456/https://psa.gov.ph/sites/default/files/attachments/hsd/specialrelease/Baguio%20City_Statistical%20Tables.xls |archive-date=July 14, 2019 |access-date=September 16, 2022 |website=Philippine Statistics Authority |at=TABLE 8; Total Population by Religious Affiliation and Sex: 2015 |format=[[Microsoft Excel file format|XLS]]}}</ref>

As of 2015, [[Islam in the Philippines|Muslims]] comprise {{percent and number|3,269|345,366}} of the city's total population.<ref name="PSAGovPH-2015-Baguio" /> The largest mosque in the area is ''Masjid Al-Maarif'', which is a centre of Islamic studies in the Philippines.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Morales |first1=Yusuf Roque |last2=Morales |first2=Sheryl |date=2020 |title=Understanding the diversity of cultural and religious learning institutions for Muslim Filipinos |url=https://cids.up.edu.ph/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/UP-CIDS-Discussion-Paper-2020-05-1.pdf |journal=UP CIDS Discussion Paper 2020–05 |publisher=University of the Philippines Center for Integrative and Development Studies |page=12 |issn=2619-7456 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220916103954/https://cids.up.edu.ph/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/UP-CIDS-Discussion-Paper-2020-05-1.pdf |archive-date=September 16, 2022 |access-date=September 16, 2022}}</ref> The city also has smaller numbers of [[Buddhism in the Philippines|Buddhists]] and [[Atheism in the Philippines|atheists]], along with members of other faiths.<ref name="PSAGovPH-2015-Baguio" />

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==Economy==
[[File:SM_City_Baguio_2023-02-24.jpg|thumb|[[SM City Baguio]] seen from [[Burnham Park (Baguio)|Burnham Park]]]]
{{PH poverty incidence}}

As a melting pot of different peoples and cultures in the [[Cordillera Administrative Region]], numerous investments and business opportunities are lured to Baguio.<ref name="BaguioGovPH-About2" /> Baguio has a large retail industry, with shoppers coming to the city to take advantage of the diversity of competitively priced commercial products on sale.<ref>{{Cite news |title=How small malls compete with big malls |newspaper=Philippine Daily Inquirer |url=http://business.inquirer.net/99287/how-small-malls-compete-with-big-malls |access-date=August 28, 2016}}</ref> The city is also popular with bargain hunters;<ref>{{Cite news |last=Sibayan |first=Ada |date=April 19, 2012 |title=Used bikinis with 'kuto' in 'ukay-ukay'? |work=ABS-CBN News |url=https://www.abs-cbn.com/nation/regions/04/19/12/used-bikinis-kuto-ukay-ukay |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220914110023/https://news.abs-cbn.com/nation/regions/04/19/12/used-bikinis-kuto-ukay-ukay |url-status=live |archive-date=September 14, 2022 |access-date=September 14, 2022 }}</ref> some of the most popular bargaining areas include Baguio Market and [[Maharlika Livelihood Center]].{{citation needed|date=September 2022}} The city is home to numerous shopping centers and malls catering to increasing commercial and tourist activity;<ref name="Padawangi-2018">{{Cite book |last=Padawangi |first=Rita |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HHh0DwAAQBAJ&pg=PT862 |title=Routledge Handbook of Urbanization in Southeast Asia |date=October 11, 2018 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-1-134-79977-0 |language=en |access-date=September 14, 2022}}</ref> these include: [[SM City Baguio]], Baguio Center Mall, Abanao Square, and Tiong San.<ref>{{Cite news |last1=Roque |first1=Anselmo |last2=Martinez-Clemente |first2=Jo |last3=Orejas |first3=Tonette |last4=Cabreza |first4=Vincent |last5=Sotelo |first5=Yolanda |date=December 22, 2012 |title=How small malls compete with big malls |language=en |newspaper=Philippine Daily Inquirer |url=https://business.inquirer.net/99287/how-small-malls-compete-with-big-malls |access-date=September 14, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121222135713/https://business.inquirer.net/99287/how-small-malls-compete-with-big-malls |archive-date=December 22, 2012}}</ref>

Various food and retail businesses run by local residents proliferate, forming a key part of Baguio's cultural landscape. Several retail outlets and dining outlets are situated along Bonifacio Street, [[Session Road]], [[Teacher's Camp]], [[Mines View Park]] and Baguio Fastfood Center near the market.{{citation needed|date=July 2021}}

[[File:Baguio downtown - Maharlika Livelihood Complex and Malcolm Square (Magsaysay Avenue, Baguio, Benguet)(2018-02-25).jpg|thumb|left|[[Maharlika Livelihood Center]]]]

The areas of [[Session Road]], Harrison Road, Magsaysay Avenue and Abanao Street, comprise the city's trade center, where commercial and business structures such as cinemas, hotels, restaurants, department stores, and shopping centers are concentrated. The City Market offers a wide array of locally sourced goods and products, usually from [[Benguet]] province,<ref name="NordisNet2">{{Cite news |last=Sinumlag |first=Alma B. |date=November 28, 2010 |title=LT folk clarifies Baguio cut flowers origin |work=Northern Dispatch Weekly |url=http://www.nordis.net/2010/11/lt-folk-clarifies-baguio-cut-flowers-origin/ |access-date=February 29, 2016 |quote=The spokesperson of this town's Municipal Agricultural and Fishery Council (MAPC) and chairperson of the Barangay Agricultural and Fishery Council (BAPC) in Lubas, La Trinidad clarified that cut flowers do not really originate in Baguio. Christina Tiongan in an interview on 24 November lamented that tourists always associate Baguio with cut flowers and other products like temperate vegetables that do not really originate in the city. "We are the ones producing those products but there had been no efforts from the city to correct tourists' perception", she said.}}</ref><ref name="CNNPhil2">{{Cite news |last=Lapniten |first=Karl |date=February 24, 2016 |title=Strawberries hit bottom prices in Baguio |work=CNN Philippines |url=http://cnnphilippines.com/regional/2016/02/24/strawberries-bottom-prices-baguio.html |access-date=February 29, 2016 |quote=The capital town of Benguet, La Trinidad supplies most of the strawberries sold at the Baguio Public Market. Much of the produce also comes from small strawberry farms in the outskirts of Baguio and in nearby municipalities of Benguet. |archive-date=March 5, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305112721/http://cnnphilippines.com/regional/2016/02/24/strawberries-bottom-prices-baguio.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> which includes colorful woven fabrics and hand-strung beads to primitive wood carvings, cut flowers,<ref name="NordisNet2" /> strawberries and "Baguio" vegetables. The term 'Baguio vegetables' often denotes vegetable types that thrive in the cooler growing climate. Strawberries and [[string beans]]—referred to as ''Baguio beans'' across the Philippines—are shipped to major urban markets across the archipelago.{{citation needed|date=July 2021}}

Another key source of income for Baguio is its position as the economic hub of the Cordillera Administrative Region.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Cabreza |first=Vincent |date=October 28, 2019 |title=Avoid urban decay, Baguio neighbors told |language=en |newspaper=Philippine Daily Inquirer |url=https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/1182378/avoid-urban-decay-baguio-neighbors-told |access-date=September 14, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191029201833/https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/1182378/avoid-urban-decay-baguio-neighbors-told |archive-date=October 29, 2019}}</ref> The economy of the city has benefited from the vibrant mining industry in several towns of Benguet.<ref>{{Cite news |last=See |first=Dexter A. |title=Baguio benefitting from robust mining operations in Benguet |work=City Government of Baguio |url=https://baguio.gov.ph/content/baguio-benefitting-robust-mining-operations-benguet |access-date=September 14, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220914101239/https://baguio.gov.ph/content/baguio-benefitting-robust-mining-operations-benguet |archive-date=September 14, 2022}}</ref> Many agricultural goods produced in Benguet pass through Baguio for processing, sale or further distribution to the lowlands.<ref>{{Cite news |last1=Quitasol |first1=Kimberlie |last2=Cabreza |first2=Vincent |date=January 6, 2022 |title=Holidays good for vegetable, strawberry farmers in Benguet |language=en |newspaper=Philippine Daily Inquirer |url=https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/1536655/holidays-good-for-vegetablestrawberry-farmers-in-benguet |access-date=September 14, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220105212100/https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/1536655/holidays-good-for-vegetablestrawberry-farmers-in-benguet |archive-date=January 5, 2022}}</ref>

===Industrial===
Baguio is one of the Philippines' most profitable and best investment areas.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Baguio offers investors new profit opportunities |newspaper=Philippine Daily Inquirer |url=http://business.inquirer.net/176835/baguio-offers-investors-new-profit-opportunities |access-date=August 28, 2016}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |title=Business booms in Baguio City as 18th Ad Congress draws near |work=The Philippine Star |url=http://www.philstar.com/business/228101/business-booms-baguio-city-18th-ad-congress-draws-near |access-date=August 28, 2016}}</ref>

A [[Philippine Economic Zone Authority]] (PEZA)-accredited business and industrial park called the [[Baguio City Economic Zone]] (BCEZ) is located in the southern part of the city between [[Camp John Hay|Camp John Hay Country Club]] and [[Philippine Military Academy]] in Barangay Loakan. Firms located in the BCEZ mostly produce and export knitted clothing, transistors, small components for vehicles, electronics and computer parts. Notable firms include [[Texas Instruments|Texas Instruments Philippines]], which is the second largest exporter in the country.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Cahiles-Magkilat |first=Bernie |date=February 13, 2007 |title=Baguio export zone to get P6.7 B in new investments |work=Manila Bulletin |url=http://www.mb.com.ph/node/6808#.US2gKqLnfA0 |url-status=dead |access-date=February 27, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120728150843/http://www.mb.com.ph/node/6808 |archive-date=July 28, 2012}}</ref> Other companies headquartered within the economic zone include [[Baguio Ayalaland Technohub]],<ref>{{Cite web |title=Baguio Ayala Land Technohub |url=https://ayalalandoffices.com.ph/offices/baguio/baguio-ayala-land-technohub |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200814171244/https://ayalalandoffices.com.ph/offices/baguio/baguio-ayala-land-technohub |archive-date=August 14, 2020 |access-date=September 16, 2022 |website=Ayala Land Offices |language=en}}</ref> [[Moog, Inc|Moog Philippines, Inc.]],<ref>{{Cite web |date=February 10, 2015 |title=Moog Controls Corporation |url=https://industry.gov.ph/testimonial/moog-controls-corporation/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161219122442/https://industry.gov.ph/testimonial/moog-controls-corporation/ |archive-date=December 19, 2016 |access-date=September 14, 2022 |website=Industry.gov.ph |publisher=Department of Trade and Industry}}</ref> [[Linde AG|Linde Philippines, Inc.]], [[LTX|LTX Philippines Corporation]], and [[Sitel|Sitel Philippines, Baguio]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=List of Enterprises With Approved Investments; As of 30-Nov-2019 |url=https://storage.googleapis.com/request-attachments/Iykod9Dj63bNNrK28D1wX8GxcR5WpLQ6maMWJywLpg6eECenNP48vQoD3V9NOzX3cNJuH0usP6alALatxTDezYVqf77FIjQA1x9o/PEZA-registered%20Companies%20in%20BCEZ.xlsx |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220916110755/https://storage.googleapis.com/request-attachments/Iykod9Dj63bNNrK28D1wX8GxcR5WpLQ6maMWJywLpg6eECenNP48vQoD3V9NOzX3cNJuH0usP6alALatxTDezYVqf77FIjQA1x9o/PEZA-registered%20Companies%20in%20BCEZ.xlsx |archive-date=September 16, 2022 |access-date=September 16, 2022 |website=[[Freedom of Information Order (Philippines)|Electronic Freedom of Information]] |publisher=[[Philippine Economic Zone Authority]] |format=[[XLSX]]}}</ref>

===Outsourcing===
[[File:Convergys_Baguio.JPG|thumb|A building hosting a BPO in Baguio]]

Outsourcing contributes to the city's economy and employment. [[Sitel]], whose main office is located in the [[Baguio City Economic Zone]], is the largest [[Business process outsourcing|BPO]] company in the city with four sites established within the BCEZ. There are also multiple BPOs present in the city with numerous PEZA-accredited private economic zones established to cater to this industry. The Ayala Technohub located in Camp John Hay hosts [[Concentrix]] and [[InterContinental Hotels Group]] alongside other commercial establishments.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Baguio Ayala Land Technohub |url=https://ayalalandoffices.com.ph/offices/baguio/baguio-ayala-land-technohub |website=AyalaLand Offices}}</ref> Teleperformance Baguio and Thoughtfocus is established at the SM Cyberzone Building (also known as SM Fiesta Strip) located in front of Sunshine Park,<ref>{{Cite web |title=5,286 employed by John Hay economic zone locators |url=https://www.baguio.gov.ph/content/5286-employed-john-hay-economic-zone-locators |website=City Government of Baguio}}</ref> while other call centers downtown are Optimum Transsource, Sterling Global and Global Translogic. Tech-Synergy operates a large transcription and back office operation near Wright park.

In recent years, there has been a surge of ESL ([[English as a Second Language]]) Tutorial Schools throughout Baguio that caters to students from other countries and also provide online services. This industry however has been hit hard by the COVID-19 pandemic with foreign students returning to their home countries.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Tabios |first=Hanah |title=Puyat bullish on recovery of English schools |work=Manila Bulletin |url=https://mb.com.ph/2020/07/12/puyat-bullish-on-recovery-of-english-schools/ |access-date=December 25, 2021}}</ref>

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==Culture==

=== Arts and museums ===
[[File:Laperal White House, Baguio City December 2022 (2).jpg|thumb|Laperal White House]]
The city became a haven for many Filipino artists in the 1970s–1990s. Drawn by the cool climate and low cost of living, artists such as [[Ben Cabrera]] (now a National Artist) and filmmaker Butch Perez relocated to the city. At the same time, locals such as mixed-media artist Santiago Bose and filmmaker [[Kidlat Tahimik]] were also establishing work in the city. Even today, artists like painters and sculptors from all over the country are drawn to the Baguio Arts Festival which is held annually.<ref name="asiatravel.com2" /> The city houses several museums, such as the Baguio Museum, Museo Kordilyera, Emilio F. Aguinaldo Museum, and the SLU Museum of Arts and Cultures. The Mansion House located at Wright Park was also re-opened to the public as a presidential museum.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Presidential Museum [ Baguio Mansion House ] |url=https://baguiomansionhouse.gov.ph/ |access-date=2025-05-25 |website=Baguio Mansion House |language=en-US}}</ref>

Baguio has been included in [[UNESCO]]'s [[Creative Cities Network]] due to craft and folk art traditions of the city particularly ranging on expressions to wood carving, silver craft, traditional weaving and tattooing.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Baguio is Philippines' first UNESCO 'creative city' |language=en |work=CNN Philippines |url=http://cnnphilippines.com/news/2017/11/01/baguio-unesco-creative-city.html |access-date=October 3, 2018 |archive-date=October 4, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181004021201/http://cnnphilippines.com/news/2017/11/01/baguio-unesco-creative-city.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> Baguio is the first city in the Philippines to be part of the inter-city network which aims to promote the creative industries as well as integrate culture in sustainable urban development.<ref>{{Cite news |date=November 1, 2017 |title=Baguio hailed as a UNESCO 'creative city' |work=ABS-CBN News |url=https://www.abs-cbn.com/life/11/01/17/baguio-hailed-as-a-unesco-creative-city |access-date=November 15, 2017}}</ref>

=== Languages ===
The [[Languages of the Philippines|languages]] commonly spoken in Baguio are [[Ilocano language|Ilocano]], [[Tagalog language|Tagalog]], and [[Philippine English|English]]. Languages like [[Ibaloi language|Ibaloi]], [[Kankanaey language|Kankanaey]], [[Pangasinan language|Pangasinan]], [[Cantonese]],<ref name=":0">{{Cite book |last=Bagamaspad |first=Anavic |url=https://www.pacs.ph/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/6-15-History-of-the-Baguio-Chinese_-Integration-into-the-Baguio-Community-by-Anavic-Bagamaspad.pdf?fbclid=IwZXh0bgNhZW0CMTEAAR3fK1Bx3vdB65FrSlxA5yraj00vObMSVM8zec4JvaiIpyICvDUXkQk439Y_aem_rRnYQY7DJoQWs45zzmXpbA |title=History of the Baguio Chinese: Integration into the Baguio Community |publisher=University of the Philippines College Baguio |year=1983}}</ref> [[Philippine Hokkien|Hokkien]],<ref name=":0" /> [[Japanese language|Japanese]],<ref name="Pungayan" /> [[Kapampangan language|Kapampangan]], [[Cebuano language|Cebuano]], [[Hiligaynon language|Hiligaynon]], [[Maranao language|Maranao]], [[Maguindanao language|Maguindanaon]] and [[Tausug language|Tausug]] are also spoken to varying degrees by their respective ethnic communities within the city.<ref name="PSAGovPH-2000Census-Baguio">{{Cite web |date=2003 |title=2000 CENSUS OF POPULATION AND HOUSING; Report No. 2 Volume I; Demographic and Housing Characteristics |url=https://psa.gov.ph/sites/default/files/Baguio%20City.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220914114009/https://psa.gov.ph/sites/default/files/Baguio%20City.pdf |archive-date=September 14, 2022 |access-date=September 14, 2022 |website=Philippine Statistics Authority |publisher=National Statistics Office |page=75}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cpaphils.org/campaigns/CDvenueregional_Feb232010.html|title=Baguio City: Site of the 2010 Regionally Centralized Cordillera Day Celebration|author=Cordillera Peoples Alliance|date=February 23, 2009|website=Cordillera Peoples Alliance|access-date=August 31, 2024|quote=The main languages spoken are Iloko, the lingua franca of Northern Luzon, Filipino, and English. Inibaloy, the language of Baguio's original occupants, is now spoken by less than four percent of the population.}}</ref>

=== Media ===
In 1939, when the country's [[literacy]] was below 50%, the city already had a weekly paper. [[Manila Bulletin]]'s predecessor, The Manila Daily Bulletin, published a [[Weekly newspaper|weekly supplement]], ''Baguio Bulletin''.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Cimatu |first1= Frank|title=Writing 77: The Baguio Midland Courier|url= https://www.rappler.com/philippines/luzon/baguio-midland-courier-last-edition-july-21-2024/|access-date=July 21, 2024 |publisher=[[Rappler]] |date=July 21, 2024}}</ref>

Local and regional newspapers circulating in Baguio include the ''Baguio Midland Courier'', ''Baguio Herald Express'', ''Zigzag Weekly'', and ''Baguio Chronicle''.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Weekly |first1=Zigzag |title=Magalong orders 5-minute exercise in flag raising – ZigZag Weekly |url=https://www.zigzagweekly.net/magalong-orders-5-minute-exercise-in-flag-raising/ |access-date=30 June 2024 |work=Zigzag Weekly |date=28 March 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240630101719/https://www.zigzagweekly.net/magalong-orders-5-minute-exercise-in-flag-raising/ |archive-date=30 June 2024}}</ref>

''[[Baguio Midland Courier]]'' was the largest newspaper publication around Baguio and [[Cordillera Administrative Region]]. It started out as a four-page tabloid on April 28, 1947, by [[Sinai Hamada]] and siblings Oseo and Cecilia. Sinai was its first and longest-lasting editor-in-chief while his older brother Oseo managed its business operations.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-05-01 |title=Baguio Midland Courier at 75: Sustaining the founders' great legacy - Baguio Midland Courier |url=https://www.baguiomidlandcourier.com.ph/baguio-midland-courier-at-75-sustaining-the-founders-great-legacy/ |access-date=2024-02-29 |language=en-US}}</ref> Circa 1963, it distributed 7,500 copies. It launched its [[website]] in its 60th anniversary.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Fianza |first1= David|title=How Midland Courier shaped the political landscape in the highlands|url= https://www.baguiomidlandcourier.com.ph/how-midland-courier-shaped-the-political-landscape-in-the-highlands/|access-date=June 30, 2024 |publisher=baguiomidlandcourier.com.ph |date=April 28, 2024}}</ref> The Baguio Midland Courier announced its closure effective July 22, 2024 and it issued its final edition on July 21, 2024.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Reyes |first1=Ronald |date=July 21, 2024 |title=Closure of iconic community newspaper Baguio Midland Courier saddens Filipinos |url=https://www.sunstar.com.ph/tacloban/local-news/closure-of-iconic-community-newspaper-baguio-midland-courier-saddens-filipinos |access-date=July 21, 2024 |publisher=[[SunStar]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Fokno  |first1=Mia |title=Iconic Baguio Midland Courier to close after 77 years|url= https://www.rappler.com/philippines/luzon/baguio-midland-courier-closure-announcement/|access-date=June 30, 2024 |publisher=[[Rappler]] |date=June 30, 2024}}</ref> Baguio Midland Courier's publisher, Hamada Printers & Publishers Corp., also ceased the operation of their social media pages and website on October 31, 2024. The publisher donated archives of Baguio Midland Courier issues to the Baguio City Library and Benguet Provincial Library for use by the public.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Lo-oy |first=Leonora |date=2024-10-12 |title=Baguio Midland Courier to take down Facebook page on Oct. 31 |url=https://www.gurupress-cordillera.com/post/baguio-midland-courier-to-take-down-facebook-page-on-oct-31 |access-date=2025-05-25 |website=GuruPress Cordillera |language=en}}</ref>

=== Festivals and holidays ===
[[File:Panagbenga Street Parade 003 2023-02-25.jpg|thumb|[[Panagbenga Festival]]]]

The annual flower festival, called the [[Panagbenga Festival]], is held every February; it was created to highlight the city's flowers and cool temperature and as a way to rise up from the devastation of the [[1990 Luzon earthquake]]. The festival includes floats covered mostly with flowers;<ref>{{Cite news |last=Cabreza |first=Vincent |date=February 29, 2020 |title=25 years of Panagbenga help Baguio retain its summer capital fame |language=en |newspaper=Philippine Daily Inquirer |url=https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/1234828/25-years-of-panagbenga-help-baguio-retain-its-summer-capital-fame |access-date=August 27, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200906214828/https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/1234828/25-years-of-panagbenga-help-baguio-retain-its-summer-capital-fame |archive-date=September 6, 2020}}</ref> it also includes street dancing, presented by dancers clad in flower-inspired costumes inspired by the ''Bendian'', an [[Ibaloi people|Ibaloi]] dance of celebration. The indigenous people were initially wary with government-led tourism due to a perceived threat that the government would interfere with or change their communities' rituals.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Cabreza |first=Vincent |date=January 26, 2008 |title=Cordillera tribes realize why they should not fear tourism |newspaper=Philippine Daily Inquirer |url=http://services.inquirer.net/mobile/08/01/31/html_output/xmlhtml/20080126-115006-xml.html |url-status=dead |access-date=February 2, 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081002163810/http://services.inquirer.net/mobile/08/01/31/html_output/xmlhtml/20080126-115006-xml.html |archive-date=October 2, 2008}}</ref>

The annual Gong Festival is celebrated on the 29th of October. Baguio Gong Day coincides with the [[Indigenous peoples of the Philippines|National Indigenous Peoples]]’ Thanksgiving Day. The festivity includes the [[Gaddang people]]'s courtship dances palakis and the takik and the symbolic beating of the seven gongs to attain peace, unity and cultural heritage preservation.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Buenagua |first1=Lyndee |title=Igorot teen showcases culture, tradition at Gong Festival in Baguio|url=https://www.rappler.com/life-and-style/arts-culture/igorot-teen-showcases-tradition-gong-festival-baguio/ |access-date=October 9, 2024 |work =[[Rappler]] |date=October 8, 2024}}</ref>

Baguio celebrates its city charter anniversary every September 1, which has been declared as a special non-working holiday in 1989 through Republic Act 6710.<ref>{{cite web |title=Republic Act No. 6710 |url=https://www.officialgazette.gov.ph/1989/02/10/republic-act-no-6710/ |website=[[Official Gazette of the Republic of the Philippines]] |access-date=March 22, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190213014305/https://www.officialgazette.gov.ph/1989/02/10/republic-act-no-6710/ |archive-date=February 13, 2019 |date=February 10, 1989}}</ref>

== Tourism ==
{{See also|List of Cultural Properties of the Philippines in the Cordillera Administrative Region}}
[[File:Burnham_Park_-_lake_(Baguio,_Benguet)(2018-02-25).jpg|thumb|[[Burnham Park (Philippines)|Burnham Park Lake]]]]

Tourism is one of Baguio's main industries due to its cool climate and history. The city is one of the country's top tourist destinations. During the year end holidays some people from the lowlands prefer spending their vacation in Baguio, to experience cold temperatures they rarely have in their home provinces. Also, during the summer, especially during [[Holy Week in the Philippines|Holy Week]], tourists from all over the country flock to the city. During this time, the total number of people in the city doubles.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Statistics: Tourism Special Tables |url=http://www.nscb.gov.ph/rucar/stat_trsm_bgo.htm |website=National Statistical Coordination Board}}</ref> To accommodate visitors, there are more than 80 hotels and inns available, as well as numerous transient houses set up by the locals.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Complete list of Baguio Hotels |url=http://www.philippines-travel-guide.com/baguio-hotels.html |website=philippines-travel-guide.com |access-date=May 10, 2009 |archive-date=March 3, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303174544/http://www.philippines-travel-guide.com/baguio-hotels.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> Local festivities such as the [[Panagbenga Festival]] also attract both local and foreign tourists.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Agatep |first=Primo |date=February 25, 2018 |title=DOT chief underscores Panagbenga's role in sustainable development |language=en |work=Philippine News Agency |url=https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1026477 |access-date=August 27, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220827113601/https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1026477 |archive-date=August 27, 2022}}</ref>

Baguio is the lone Philippine destination in the 2011 [[TripAdvisor]] Traveller's Choice Destinations Awards (Asia category) with the city being among the top 25 destinations in [[Asia]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Best Destinations in Asia – Travelers' Choice Awards |url=http://www.tripadvisor.com/TCDestinations-g2-cTop25-Asia.html |website=TripAdvisor}}</ref> [[Burnham Park (Philippines)|Burnham Park]], [[Mines View Park]], [[Wright Park (Baguio)|Wright Park]], [[The Mansion (Baguio)|The Mansion]], and Botanical Garden are among the popular tourist sites in Baguio.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Rodriguez |first=Fritzie |date=December 22, 2014 |title=Baguio City: Your complete weekend itinerary |work=Rappler |url=https://www.rappler.com/life-and-style/travel/78393-baguio-city-weekend-itinerary/ |access-date=August 27, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220324105524/https://www.rappler.com/life-and-style/travel/78393-baguio-city-weekend-itinerary/ |archive-date=March 24, 2022}}</ref>

==Government==
===Local government===
{{Further|Sangguniang Panlungsod|Mayor of Baguio}}
[[File:Baguio_City_Hall_(Baguio,_Benguet)(2018-02-25).jpg|thumb|Baguio City Hall]]

As a highly urbanized city with its own charter, it is not subject to the jurisdiction of Benguet province, of which it was formerly a part.

The City of Baguio is led by its own mayor and vice mayor. The vice mayor leads the [[Baguio City Council|city council]], composed of 12 elected councilors and 3 ''ex-officio'' members (the ABC President, SK President, and IPMR of the city). The City Government holds office at the Baguio City Hall.<ref>{{Cite web |title=City Councilors |url=http://www.baguio.gov.ph/councilors |access-date=July 18, 2019 |website=City Government of Baguio}}</ref>

The 129 barangays are led by their own captains assisted by a 7-man barangay council.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Baguio City |url=http://www.dilgcar.com/index.php/baguio-city |access-date=June 17, 2018 |publisher=Department of the Interior and Local Government, Cordillera Administrative Region}}</ref>

These officials are term-limited by up to 3 consecutive terms, with each term lasting for 3 years.

===Elected officials===
The city government's composition as of June 30, 2025:<ref>{{Cite web |title=Halalan 2022 Philippine Election Results |url=https://halalanresults.abs-cbn.com/local/city-of-baguio |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220509153741/https://halalanresults.abs-cbn.com/local/city-of-baguio |url-status=dead |archive-date=May 9, 2022 |access-date=September 1, 2022 |website=ABS-CBN News |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=February 12, 2023|title=IPMR of Baguio faces dads clarifying name|language=en-US |work=Baguio Midland Courier|url= https://www.baguiomidlandcourier.com.ph/ipmr-of-baguio-faces-dads-clarifying-name/ |access-date=January 6, 2024}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=December 3, 2023|title=JR|language=en-US |work=Baguio Midland Courier|url= https://www.baguiomidlandcourier.com.ph/jr/ |access-date=January 6, 2024}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=December 16, 2023|title=Rocky Aliping wins Baguio City ABC President|language=en-US |work=Amianan Balita Ngayon|url= https://amiananbalitangayon.com/rocky-aliping-wins-baguio-city-abc-president/|access-date=January 6, 2024}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" style="text-align:center;"
|+ City Government of Baguio
! scope="col" style="width:10rem;" | Position
! scope="col" | Name
! scope="col" | Year elected
! scope="col" | Term no.
|-
! scope="row" | Congressman
| [[Mauricio Domogan|Mauricio G. Domogan]]
| 2025
| 1
|-
! scope="row" | Mayor
| [[Benjamin Magalong|Benjamin B. Magalong]]
| 2019
| 3
|-
! scope="row" | Vice Mayor
| Faustino A. Olowan
| 2019
| 3
|-
! scope="row" rowspan="12" | Councilor
| Edison Bilog
| 2025
| 1
|-
| Joel Alangsab
| 2025
| 1
|-
| Jose M. Molintas
| 2022
| 2
|-
| Leandro B. Yañgot Jr.
| 2022
| 2
|-
| Vladimir D. Cayabas
| 2019
| 3
|-
| Peter C. Fianza
| 2022
| 2
|-
| Van Dicang
| 2025
| 1
|-
| Fred L. Bagbagen
| 2019
| 3
|-
| Paolo Salvosa
| 2025
| 1
|-
| Betty Lourdes F. Tabanda
| 2019
| 3
|-
| Yuri Weygan
| 2025
| 1
|-
|Elmer O. Datuin
|2022
|2
|-
! scope="row" | Councilor<br />''(ex-officio member)''<br />ABC President
| Rocky M. Aliping
| 2024
| 1
|-
! scope="row" | Councilor<br />''(ex-officio member)''<br />SK President
| John Rhey L. Mananeng
| 2023
| 1
|-
! scope="row" | Councilor<br />''(ex-officio member)''<br />Indigenous People's Mandatory Representative (IPMR)
| Maximo H. Edwin Jr.
| 2023
| 1
|}

===Congress representation===
Baguio is represented in the House of Representatives by its own congressman, [[Mauricio Domogan|Mauricio G. Domogan]]. The city is a lone district, separate from the province of Benguet.

=== Summer residences ===
[[File:The_Mansion_Baguio_City.JPG|thumb|[[The Mansion (Baguio)|The Mansion]] serves as the summer residence of the [[President of the Philippines]].]]

The city hosts the summer residences of the President, Vice President, Senate President and House Speaker at Barangay Lualhati, while the Supreme Court, Court of Appeals and the Cabinet Secretaries cottages are housed at Cabinet Hill.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Balweg's old house to become executive secretary's Baguio cottage |language=en |newspaper=Philippine Daily Inquirer |url=https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/911701/balwegs-old-house-to-become-executive-secretarys-baguio-cottage |access-date=July 19, 2019}}</ref> The Supreme Court and Court of Appeals hold summer sessions in the city, usually during the month of April.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Buan |first=Lian |title=Why Supreme Court justices go to Baguio every April |language=en |work=Rappler |url=http://www.rappler.com/newsbreak/iq/200482-reasons-supreme-court-justices-baguio-every-april |access-date=July 19, 2019}}</ref>

==Sports==
[[File:Baguio Athletic Bowl Jan 2018 a.jpg|thumb|Baguio Athletic Bowl]]

Baguio has hosted several sporting events, even those of international standing. The [[Baguio Athletic Bowl]] within the grounds of [[Burnham Park (Philippines)|Burnham Park]] is one of Baguio's primary sporting venues. Baguio hosted the [[World Chess Championship 1978|1978 World Chess Championship]] match between [[Anatoly Karpov]] and [[Viktor Korchnoi]], building the Baguio Convention Center for that purpose. The city is a participant in the CARAA games or the Cordillera Administrative Region Athletic Association, hosting it last in 2016 and 2017. The winners of the said event will eventually represent the region in the annual [[Palarong Pambansa]] games, which is also sponsored by the [[Department of Education (Philippines)|Department of Education]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=DepEd Baguio gears up for 2016 CARAA meet |url=https://www.deped.gov.ph/2016/02/01/deped-baguio-gears-up-for-2016-caraa-meet/ |access-date=July 18, 2019 |website=Department of Education |language=en-US}}</ref> As of 2019, the city is still the overall champion with 205 gold, 110 silver and 79 bronze medals.<ref name=":02">{{Cite web |title=CARAA Meet 2019 {{!}} Games of the Cordillerans |url=http://www.caraa.ph/ |access-date=July 18, 2019 |website=www.caraa.ph |archive-date=July 18, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190718103115/http://www.caraa.ph/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Osis |first=Roderick |date=February 26, 2019 |title=Baguio starts retention bid in Caraa |language=en |work=SunStar |url=https://www.sunstar.com.ph//article/1794404 |access-date=July 18, 2019 |archive-date=February 27, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190227141815/https://www.sunstar.com.ph/article/1794404 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

In recent years, Baguio has been racking up titles and medals in the field of Mixed Martial Arts led by [[Team Lakay Wushu|Team Lakay]].<ref>{{Cite news |last=Jacinto |first=Christian |date=March 27, 2020 |title=The Untold Story Of Team Lakay |work=[[ONE Championship]] |url=https://www.onefc.com/features/the-untold-story-of-team-lakay/ |access-date=September 14, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200327213735/https://www.onefc.com/features/the-untold-story-of-team-lakay/ |archive-date=March 27, 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=April 28, 2017 |title=Baguio lauds Team Lakay, archers' victories |language=English |work=SunStar |url=https://www.sunstar.com.ph/article/139282/baguio-lauds-team-lakay-archers-victories- |access-date=September 14, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220914072931/https://www.sunstar.com.ph/article/139282/baguio-lauds-team-lakay-archers-victories- |archive-date=September 14, 2022}}</ref>

==Infrastructure==
=== Transportation ===

====Air====
[[File:Loakan_Airport.JPEG|thumb|[[Loakan Airport]] runway in the outskirts of the city]]

[[Loakan Airport]] is the lone airport serving the general area of Baguio. The airport is classified as a trunkline airport, or a major commercial domestic airport, by the [[Civil Aviation Authority of the Philippines]]. Major commercial operations to Baguio however ceased after [[Philippine Airlines]] closed their Baguio route in 1998. There were attempts to reopen Baguio routes throughout the following two decades by different airline operators such as [[Asian Spirit]] and [[Sky Pasada]] but none were able to sustain continuous operation.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Cabreza |first=Vincent |title=Ibaloy folk brace for change as Baguio flights resume |newspaper=Philippine Daily Inquirer |url=https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/1703147/ibaloy-folk-brace-for-change-as-baguio-flights-resume |access-date=December 16, 2022}}</ref> Commercial flights resumed in 2022 with Philippine Airlines (operated by [[PAL Express]]) operating Baguio–Cebu flights and vice versa but operations were halted by Philippine Airlines in July 2024 because of poor passenger traffic.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Cabreza |first=Vincent |date=December 16, 2022 |title=Maiden flight of Baguio-Cebu route lands at Summer Capital's only airport |work=Inquirer |url=https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/1705876/maiden-flight-of-baguio-cebu-route-lands-at-summer-capitals-only-airport |access-date=December 16, 2022}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Dumlao |first=Artemio |title=PAL to halt Baguio-Cebu flights |url=https://www.philstar.com/business/2024/05/31/2359374/pal-halt-baguio-cebu-flights |access-date=2024-07-26 |website=Philstar.com}}</ref>

The airport is located south of the city center. Due to the limited length of the runway, being only {{cvt|1,802|m}} long, it is restricted to commuter size aircraft. The airport is used primarily by helicopters, turbo-prop and piston engine aircraft, although on rare occasions light business jets (LBJ) have flown into the airport.

====Land====
{{multiple image
| direction         = vertical
| width             = 200px
| image1            = Session Road top view (Baguio City; 02-25-2024).jpg
| caption1          = [[Session Road]], one of Baguio's primary roads
| image2            = Jeepney Terminal in Baguio (5035638420).jpg
| caption2          = [[Jeepney]] terminal in downtown Baguio
| image3            = BGH flyover (Baguio, Benguet)(2018-11-27).jpg
| caption3          = Flyover in Baguio
}}

[[Jeepney]]s and [[Taxicab|taxis]] are the main means of public transportation in the city. The government's push for jeepney modernization has led to an increase of modern EURO 4 compliant PUVs plying Baguio's center. The rollout however for full jeepney modernization had been hampered by the COVID-19 pandemic. There are several bus lines linking Baguio with [[Manila]], [[Bontoc, Mountain Province|Bontoc]], [[Mariveles, Bataan|Mariveles]], [[Olongapo]], [[Cabanatuan]], and provinces such as [[Pangasinan]], [[Pampanga]], [[Bataan]],<ref>{{Cite news |last=Cabreza |first=Vincent |date=December 16, 2020 |title=Bus firms resuming Baguio trips |language=en |newspaper=Philippine Daily Inquirer |url=https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/1372116/bus-firms-resuming-baguio-trips |access-date=September 14, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201216002601/https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/1372116/bus-firms-resuming-baguio-trips |archive-date=December 16, 2020}}</ref> [[Nueva Ecija]], [[Aurora (province)|Aurora]], [[Cavite]], [[La Union]], [[Nueva Vizcaya]] and those in the Ilocos regions. Notable bus companies that operate the Baguio to Manila routes are [[Victory Liner]], [[Genesis Transport]] and its premium bus line JoyBus, and [[Pangasinan Solid North Transit Inc.|Solid North]].

From Metro Manila, Baguio is accessible via [[NLEX]] (from Bulacan to Pampanga), [[SCTEX]] (Pampanga to Tarlac) and [[TPLEX]] (from Tarlac to La Union). The three main access roads leading to Baguio from the lowlands are [[Kennon Road]] (formerly known as the ''Benguet Road''),<ref name="Inquirer2">{{Cite news |last=Cabreza |first=Vincent |date=May 16, 2012 |title=Fighting for century-old Kennon Road |newspaper=Philippine Daily Inquirer |publisher=Inquirer Northern Luzon |url=http://newsinfo.inquirer.net/194077/fighting-for-century-old-kennon-road |access-date=February 29, 2016 |quote=The colonial government decided then that constructing the Benguet Road (Kennon Road's original name) would provide the Americans a short route up the Benguet mountains. ... When Baguio was devastated by the July 16, 1990 earthquake, then Public Works Secretary Gregorio Vigilar decided to permanently close the damaged Kennon Road, said Cosalan. The government discovered 471 "disaster spots" along the route, which the Mines and Geosciences Bureau attributed to the fragility of the rock base, the abandoned mining operations near the road and the natural ground fractures that were undetectable in the 1900s.}}</ref> [[Aspiras–Palispis Highway]] (previously known as ''Marcos Highway'')<ref name="ChanRobles-RA89712">{{Cite web |date=October 31, 2000 |title=Republic Act No. 8971; An Act Naming the Agoo-Tubao-Pugo Section of the Agoo-Baguio Road, the Jose D. Aspiras Highway, and the Benguet-Baguio City Section of the Same Road, the Ben Palispis Highway |url=http://www.chanrobles.com/republicactno8971.html |access-date=February 29, 2016 |website=Chan Robles Virtual Law Library}}</ref> and [[Naguilian Road]], also known as ''Quirino Highway''. The newest road that connects the city to the lowlands is [[Asin Road]] (also known as ''Asin-San Pascual-Tubao, La Union Road'').<ref name="Midland-AsinTubaoRd-Opens2">{{Cite news |last=Jimenez |first=RC |date=July 8, 2018 |title=Asin-Tubao Road opens to ease Marcos Highway traffic |work=Baguio Midland Courier |url=http://www.baguiomidlandcourier.com.ph/region.asp?mode=archives/2018/july/7-8-2018/reg2-Asin-Tubao-Road-opens.txt |access-date=November 2, 2018 |archive-date=October 30, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181030205904/http://www.baguiomidlandcourier.com.ph/region.asp?mode=archives/2018/july/7-8-2018/reg2-Asin-Tubao-Road-opens.txt |url-status=dead }}</ref> All these roads traverse the municipality of [[Tuba, Benguet]].

* Kennon Road starts in [[Rosario, La Union]] and winds upwards through a narrow, steep valley. This is often the fastest route to Baguio but it is particularly perilous,<ref name="Inquirer2" /> with landslides during the rainy season and sharp dropoffs, some without guardrails. The recently passed Republic Act No. 11604 pushes for the full rehabilitation of Kennon Road as an all-weather highway.
* Aspiras-Palispis Highway starts in [[Agoo, La Union]] and connects to Palispis Highway, at the boundary of [[Benguet]] and [[La Union]] provinces.
* Asin-Tubao Road starts in [[Tubao, La Union]] and serves as secondary alternative road if gridlock occurs at Aspiras-Palispis Highway<ref name="Midland-AsinTubaoRd-Opens2" /><ref name="PIA-AsinTubaoRd-DPWH2">{{Cite news |last=Dilim |first=Joanne Namnama P. |date=December 31, 2017 |title=DPWH-1 makes travel faster from La Union to CAR |work=Philippine Information Agency |url=https://pia.gov.ph/news/articles/1003623 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200220070732/https://pia.gov.ph/news/articles/1003623 |url-status=dead |archive-date=February 20, 2020 |access-date=November 2, 2018 }}</ref>
* Naguilian Road, which starts in [[Bauang, La Union]], are both longer routes but are much safer than Kennon Road especially during rainy season, and are the preferred routes for coaches, buses and trucks.<ref name="PNA-NaguilianRdBuses2">{{Cite news |last=Dennis |first=Dionisio Jr. |date=August 16, 2018 |title=Buses also diverted to Naguilian Road in Cordillera |work=Philippine News Agency |agency=[[Philippine News Agency]] |url=http://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1044922 |access-date=November 2, 2018}}</ref><ref name="Inquirer-NaguilianRdVillar2">{{Cite news |last=Lalu |first=Gabriel Pabico |date=September 15, 2018 |title=Villar: Two roads to Baguio closed |newspaper=Philippine Daily Inquirer |url=https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/1032807/villar-two-roads-to-baguio-closed |access-date=November 2, 2018 |quote=Motorists going to Baguio can only use Naguilian Road as both Marcos Highway and Kennon Road are closed due to landslides ...}}</ref>

The [[Benguet-Nueva Vizcaya Road]], which links Baguio to [[Aritao]] in [[Nueva Vizcaya]] province, traverses the towns of [[Itogon, Benguet|Itogon]], [[Bokod, Benguet|Bokod]], and [[Kayapa, Nueva Vizcaya|Kayapa]].<ref name="PhilStar2">{{Cite news |last=Lagasca |first=Charlie |date=March 14, 2006 |title=Vizcaya-Benguet road completed this year |work=The Philippine Star |url=http://www.philstar.com/nation/326139/vizcaya-benguet-road-completed-year |access-date=February 29, 2016 |quote=BAYOMBONG, Nueva Vizcaya – Novo Vizcayanos can now look forward to reaching the country's summer capital in a few hours as the shortest route linking this landlocked province to the mountain city is expected to be completed by the end of this year. ... The new route will traverse the mountain highway from Aritao, Nueva Vizcaya to Baguio via the vegetable-rich upland town of Kayapa and the majestic Ambuklao Dam in Bokod, Benguet.}}</ref>

Another road, [[Halsema Highway]], (also known as the ''Baguio-Bontoc Road'' or the ''Mountain Trail'') leads north through the mountainous portion of the provinces of [[Benguet]] and [[Mountain Province]];<ref name="Inquirer-HalsemaHighway2">{{Cite news |last=Caluza |first=Desiree |date=May 26, 2014 |title=Mountain Trail leads to culture, nature hubs |newspaper=Philippine Daily Inquirer |publisher=Inquirer Northern Luzon |url=http://newsinfo.inquirer.net/605360/mountain-trail-leads-to-culture-nature-hubs |access-date=February 29, 2016 |quote=BAGUIO CITY, Philippines—Travelers who often frequent the 165-kilometer Mountain Trail may have gotten so used to the view along the scenic route that they often doze off all throughout the trip along this highway linking the provinces of Benguet, Mountain Province and Ifugao in the Cordillera. ... While the road length stretches to only a little more than {{convert|100|km|abbr=off}} from La Trinidad town in Benguet to the Mountain Province capital of Bontoc, those raring for adventure and new sights should be prepared to spend six hours on the road.}}</ref> it starts at the northern border of Baguio with [[La Trinidad, Benguet|La Trinidad]].<ref>{{Cite news |last=Galacgac |first=Aure |date=February 6, 2014 |title=Halsema Highway to be made 'tourist friendly' |language=English |work=SunStar |url=https://www.sunstar.com.ph/article/328620/halsema-highway-to-be-made-tourist-friendly |access-date=September 14, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220914123206/https://www.sunstar.com.ph/article/328620/halsema-highway-to-be-made-tourist-friendly |archive-date=September 14, 2022}}</ref>

Since 2021, Baguio has developed its own [[Bike lane|bicycle lane]] network consisting of [[Shared lane marking|shared lanes]] (Class 3) and segregated lanes with paint and physical separators (Class 2) on existing roads. As of 2024, the city has implemented {{Convert|15.321|km|mi|sp=us|abbr=on}} of Class 3 lanes, {{Convert|1.6|km|mi|sp=us|abbr=on}} of Class 2 lanes with paint separation, and {{Convert|0.083|km|mi|sp=us|abbr=on}} Class 2 lanes with physical separation.<ref>{{Cite report |title=Presence of Different Classification of Bike Lanes |date=2024 |publisher=Baguio City Engineering Office}}</ref>

=====HoHo Bus=====
In an effort to address traffic congestion and the lack of car parking at tourist spots in the city, Baguio operates an experimental free bus shuttle service called the '''Hop On, Hop Off (HoHo) Tourist Bus'''. Through a [[park and ride]] scheme, the service encourages tourists with private vehicles to park their vehicles at the Baguio Convention Center (BCC) for a fee and ride the bus to various tourist sites free of charge.<ref name="Aquino2022HoHoBus">{{Cite news |last=Aquino |first=Leira |date=July 14, 2022 |title=Baguio to revive Hop on, Hop off bus. Here's how it works |work=[[Interaksyon]] |url=https://interaksyon.philstar.com/hobbies-interests/2022/07/14/222328/baguio-to-revive-hop-on-hop-off-bus-how-it-works/ |access-date=January 3, 2023}}</ref> Relaunched on July 15, 2022, the HoHo bus has scheduled departure and arrival times, operating a looped route between the BCC, the Baguio Botanical Garden, the [[The Mansion (Baguio)|Mansion House]], [[Mines View Park]], [[Wright Park (Baguio)|Wright Park]], and [[Governor Pack Road]]. The bus service has an estimated waiting interval of 30 minutes and is operational from 8:30 AM to 6:20 PM daily.<ref name="HoHoBusDec2022">{{Cite news |last=Manto |first=Ina Louise |date=December 13, 2022 |title=PSA: You Can Get Free Rides Around Baguio via the Hop-On Hop-Off Tourist Bus |url=https://www.windowseat.ph/free-tourist-bus-baguio/ |access-date=January 3, 2023}}</ref> The operations of the HoHo bus was eventually suspended at the end of the year.

All times are in [[Philippine Standard Time]] ([[UTC+08:00]]).

{| class="wikitable collapsible" style="font-size: 95%; text-align:center;"
|+ class="nowrap" | List of stops<ref name="HoHoBusDec2022" />
|-
! Destination
! First trip
! Last trip
! colspan="2" | Location
|- style = "background:#46787f; height: 2pt"
| colspan="5" |
|-
| BCC
| 8:30 AM
| 4:30 PM
| Military Cut-off
| rowspan="6" | Baguio
|-
| Botanical Garden
| 9:05 AM
| 5:05 PM
| Saint Joseph Village
|-
| The Mansion
| 9:25 AM
| 5:25 PM
| Lualhati
|-
| Mines View Park
| 9:50 AM
| 5:50 PM
| Mines View Park
|-
| Wright Park
| 10:20 AM
| 6:20 PM
| Lualhati
|-
| Governor Pack Road
| —
| —
| Session Road Area
|-
! colspan="5" | {{nobold|<small>Stops, stations and transit systems in ''italics'' are either under construction or proposed.</small>}}
|}

==== Possible future modes ====

* Cable Cars - As of July 8, 2019, Secretary Tugade of the Department of Transportation said that the feasibility study for the installation of the cable cars in Manila may be finished within the year, with Baguio soon to follow.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Government finalizing cable car plan |language=en |work=Manila Standard |url=http://manilastandard.net/business/transport-tourism/299174/government-finalizing-cable-car-plan.html |access-date=July 18, 2019}}</ref> The Philippine government earlier secured a P27 million grant from France for this venture, with Manila and Baguio seen as possible initial sites.<ref>{{Cite news |title=French government gives P25-million for metro cable car study |language=en |work=Manila Standard |url=http://www.manilastandard.net/lgu/ncr/271214/french-government-gives-p25-million-for-metro-cable-car-study.html |access-date=July 18, 2019 |archive-date=September 28, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200928113727/https://www.manilastandard.net/lgu/ncr/271214/french-government-gives-p25-million-for-metro-cable-car-study.html |url-status=dead }}</ref>
* Monorail - A monorail project from Baguio to La Trinidad is being mulled over by the SSS as a possible investment in CAR. It is seen to further boost tourism and decongest traffic. The project is similar to the one installed by the Department of Science and Technology at the UP Campus in 2012.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Dumlao-Abadilla |first=Doris |title=Baguio monorail also on SSS' shopping list |language=en |newspaper=Philippine Daily Inquirer |url=https://business.inquirer.net/244102/baguio-monorail-also-sss-shopping-list |access-date=July 18, 2019}}</ref>

=== Water and electricity ===
Most of the water supply of the city is provided for by the Baguio Water District, founded in 1975 as the successor to the now-defunct Department of Public Services. It currently operates 60 deep wells to cater to its more than 300,000 consumers. It currently serves 122 out of the 129 barangays in the city and some parts of [[Tuba, Benguet]].<ref>{{Cite news |last=Catajan |first=Maria Elena |date=March 27, 2019 |title=P80-M Baguio Water District building opens |language=en |work=SunStar |url=https://www.sunstar.com.ph//article/1798851 |access-date=July 19, 2019 |archive-date=March 28, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190328235130/https://www.sunstar.com.ph/article/1798851 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name=":12">{{Cite news |last=Agoot |first=Liza |date=August 29, 2018 |title=Water district worried on depletion of city's water supply |language=en |work=Philippine News Agency |url=https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1046310 |access-date=July 19, 2019}}</ref> In recent years, the BWD has expressed concern over the city's depleting water supply, due in part to private wells dug by private individuals and companies.<ref name=":12" />

Electric services are provided by [[Benguet Electric Cooperative]] (BENECO), the sole electric power distributor in Benguet. In 2012, a bill was filled in the House of Representatives seeking the creation of the Baguio Electric Cooperative or BAELCO, an entity to provide for the city's own electricity needs, separate from BENECO. Its creation has been met with opposition by various groups citing the need of a feasibility study on the separation. The creation of a separate electric franchise for Baguio would also infringe on BENECO's existing franchise that mandated BENECO to provide electricity for both Baguio and Benguet which would create legal implications if it was to be amended.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Palangchao |first=Harley |date=December 25, 2011 |title=Bill that seeks to split Beneco into two filed in Lower House |work=Baguio Midland Courier |url=http://www.baguiomidlandcourier.com.ph/front.asp?mode=archives/2011/december/12-25-2011/front1.txt |access-date=July 19, 2019 |archive-date=July 18, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200718145515/http://www.baguiomidlandcourier.com.ph/front.asp?mode=archives/2011/december/12-25-2011/front1.txt |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Agoot |first=Liza |date=January 15, 2012 |title=Baelco firm on managing city's EC, but legal existence vague |work=Baguio Midland Courier |url=http://baguiomidlandcourier.com.ph/region.asp?mode=archives/2012/january/1-15-2012/reg1.txt |access-date=July 19, 2019 |archive-date=July 19, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200719043415/http://baguiomidlandcourier.com.ph/region.asp?mode=archives/2012/january/1-15-2012/reg1.txt |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Sinumlag |first=Alma B. |date=January 29, 2012 |title=Beneco says splitting franchise need further study |work=Northern Dispatch |url=https://nordis.net/2012/01/29/topic/energy/beneco-says-splitting-franchise-need-further-study/ |access-date=December 15, 2021}}</ref>

The city is also the only local government unit to own and operate its own renewable energy plant. Originally constructed in the 1920s, the Asin Mini Hydropower Plants 1, 2 and 3 located in Tuba, Benguet came under the city's possession after the lapse of the 25-year lease agreement with the Aboitiz-owned Hydroelectric Development Corporation (HEDCOR). The plant acted as both a power source and another income-generating asset of the city as BENECO was also its main client. The power plant however was forced to cease operation in 2015 when the Energy Regulatory Commission issued a [[cease and desist order]] to the city due to the lack of a certificate of compliance from the city. The city currently has plans to rehabilitate the power plants so that they could resume operations once again.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Cimatu |first=Frank |date=September 20, 2019 |title=Magalong prioritizes preservation of Baguio 'heirlooms' |work=Rappler |url=https://www.rappler.com/nation/240562-magalong-prioritizes-preservation-baguio-heirlooms/ |access-date=December 15, 2021}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Titling of Asin hydro plant properties to be pursued |url=https://www.baguio.gov.ph/content/titling-asin-hydro-plant-properties-be-pursued |access-date=December 15, 2021 |website=City Government of Baguio}}</ref>

== Healthcare ==
{{See also|List of hospitals in the Philippines}}
[[File:Baguio General Hospital.JPG|thumb|[[Baguio General Hospital and Medical Center|BGHMC]], Baguio's sole government hospital]]

Baguio's healthcare is mainly provided by various private corporations. Private hospitals operating in the city are the Baguio Medical Center, BCU-Santo Niño de Jesus Medical Center Foundation, Parkway Medical Center, Notre Dame de Chartres Hospital, Pines City Doctors' Hospital and Saint Louis University's Hospital of Sacred Heart. The BCU-Santo Niño de Jesus Medical Center Foundation ceased operations in 2009 due to financial reasons but was reopened during the [[COVID-19 pandemic]] with the local government refurbishing it as an isolation center for COVID-19 patients.<ref>{{Cite news |date=July 5, 2009 |title=Sto Niño hospital to stop operation effective July 31 |work=Baguio Midland Courier |url=http://www.baguiomidlandcourier.com.ph/health.asp?mode=+archives%2F2009%2Fjuly%2F7-5-2009%2Fhealth1.txt |url-status=dead |access-date=January 11, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211021190002/http://www.baguiomidlandcourier.com.ph/health.asp?mode=+archives%2F2009%2Fjuly%2F7-5-2009%2Fhealth1.txt |archive-date=October 21, 2021}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Cimatu |first=Frank |date=March 25, 2020 |title=Unused private hospital becomes medical facility for Baguio City's coronavirus patients |work=Rappler |url=https://www.rappler.com/nation/medical-facility-coronavirus-patients-baguio-city}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=April 3, 2020 |title=Sto. Niño Hospital named Baguio Critical Care Center |work=[[SunStar]] |url=https://www.sunstar.com.ph/article/1851144/Baguio/Local-News/Sto-Nio-Hospital-named-Baguio-Critical-Care-Center}}</ref> It was eventually idled at the end of the COVID-19 pandemic.

In early 2019, several groups were eyeing to establish a hospital in Barangay Scout Barrio, but was met with opposition; as of March 2019, the project has been shelved.<ref>{{Cite news |date=February 19, 2019 |title=3 groups eying Scout Barrio hospital |language=en |work=SunStar |url=https://www.sunstar.com.ph//article/1793280 |access-date=July 20, 2019 |archive-date=April 5, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230405191333/https://www.sunstar.com.ph//article/1793280 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Catajan |first=Maria Elena |date=January 21, 2019 |title=Opposition mounts against proposed hospital |language=en |work=SunStar |url=https://www.sunstar.com.ph//article/1783866 |access-date=July 20, 2019 |archive-date=February 4, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190204080855/https://www.sunstar.com.ph/article/1783866 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Catajan |first=Maria Elena |date=March 12, 2019 |title=Scout Barrio hospital project shelved |language=en |work=SunStar |url=https://www.sunstar.com.ph//article/1796517 |access-date=July 20, 2019 |archive-date=August 8, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200808122239/https://www.sunstar.com.ph/article/1796517 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

The Baguio City Health Services Office is the office responsible for the health care programs provided by the city government, operating 16 health centers and 15 satellite clinics. Baguio hosts the [[Baguio General Hospital and Medical Center]] or BGHMC, a tertiary state-owned hospital administered and operated by the [[Department of Health (Philippines)|Department of Health]]. It is the sole government hospital in the city and the largest government tertiary hospital in the [[Cordillera Administrative Region]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Electives Network: Baguio General Hospital and Medical Centre |url=https://www.electives.net/hospital/3430/preview |access-date=July 20, 2019 |website=The Electives Network |archive-date=July 20, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190720134140/https://www.electives.net/hospital/3430/preview |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=City Health Services Office |url=http://www.baguio.gov.ph/health |access-date=July 20, 2019 |website=City Government of Baguio}}</ref>

==Education==
[[File:Baguio Central School.JPG|thumb|Baguio Central School]]

Education is a major contributor to the economy of Baguio. Considered as the "Educational Center of the North", the city has a transient student population who migrate to the city to attend tertiary education.<ref name="Daly-2016">{{Cite book |last1=Daly |first1=Patrick |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GQCmCwAAQBAJ |title=Rebuilding Asia Following Natural Disasters: Approaches to Reconstruction in the Asia-Pacific Region |last2=Feener |first2=R. Michael |date=April 6, 2016 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=978-1-107-07357-9 |page=[https://books.google.com/books?id=GQCmCwAAQBAJ&pg=PA65 65] |language=en |access-date=August 23, 2022}}</ref>

Baguio is the center of education in the Northern Philippines due to high performances in various professional licensure exams as well as adherence to high educational quality standards, housing some of the prestigious and largest universities in Northern Luzon.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Melanie |first=Saro |title=Baguio City: A fun learning educational hub |work=Baguio Midland Courier |url=http://www.baguiomidlandcourier.com.ph/anniv15_article.asp?mode=anniv_2015/supplements/saro.txt |access-date=February 14, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190214233349/http://www.baguiomidlandcourier.com.ph/anniv15_article.asp?mode=anniv_2015/supplements/saro.txt |archive-date=February 14, 2019}}</ref>

=== Elementary and Secondary schools ===
[[File:Baguio_City_High_School.jpg|thumb|Baguio City High School]]
The Baguio Schools Division Office governs all educational institutions within the municipality. It oversees the management and operations of all private and public, from primary to secondary schools.<ref>{{Cite web |date=January 15, 2021 |title=Masterlist of Schools |url=https://www.deped.gov.ph/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/SY-2020-2021-Masterlist-of-Schools-Address-only-1-1.pdf |access-date=May 15, 2025 |website=Department of Education}}</ref> There are three schools district offices namely: District I, District II, and District III.

The city has 45 public elementary schools and 21 public secondary schools. Most of its secondary private schools are divisions of the private universities of the city. The Philippine Science High School - CAR campus was established in the city in 2009 and is located in Irisan. In 2016, the city government established in Irisan the Baguio City Science High School to create a unified science high school campus.<ref>{{Cite news |date=November 27, 2016 |title=Baguio science HS opens in June |work=Baguio Midland Courier |url=http://www.baguiomidlandcourier.com.ph/city.asp?mode=%20archives/2016/november/11-27-2016/city5-Baguio-science-HS-opens.txt |access-date=December 15, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161201130429/http://www.baguiomidlandcourier.com.ph/city.asp?mode=%20archives/2016/november/11-27-2016/city5-Baguio-science-HS-opens.txt |archive-date=December 1, 2016}}</ref>

Baguio Central School, the country's first [[State school|public]] [[primary school]] was opened on September 2, 1899. It was once a [[one-room school]] built upon [[Mateo Cariño]]'s 2 [[hectare]] lot and [[Ibaloi people|Ibaloy]] house he donated to the local government. Its roof was made of [[Reed (plant)|reed]] and [[Imperata cylindrica|cogongrass]] with [[Hewing|hewn]] wood walls and floor. Its first students were only 25 [[Igorot]] boys, including Dr. Jose Cariño and Maximo Carantes, under a [[United States Armed Forces]] teacher, Mr. Patrick. The pupils used [[Slate (writing)|slate]] and chalks to write. In 1901, female students were enrolled. World War II heavily damaged the school which was renovated by the Department of Education in 2004. The Heritage conservation Society declared it as a [[Heritage asset|heritage school]].<ref>{{cite news |last1= |first1= |title=Oldest elementary school in country marks 116th anniversary|url= https://www.sunstar.com.ph/more-articles/oldest-elementary-school-in-country-marks-116th-anniversary|access-date=June 20, 2024 |publisher= [[SunStar]]|date=September 8, 2015}}</ref> On May 24, 2024, the City Planning, Development, and Sustainability Office stopped the P41.2-million reconstruction project on BCS’ right wing portions of the [[Gabaldon School Buildings]]. Under the Cultural Mapping Book, BCS is a “significant tangible and immovable cultural heritage property, and the biggest elementary school in the city, with about 70 classrooms, 3,300 pupils and 83 teaching staff” which ought to be restored to its 1949 state.<ref>{{cite news |last1=  Cabreza |first1=Vincent  |title=Rehab of Baguio's oldest grade school halted|url= https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/1951695/rehab-of-baguios-oldest-grade-school-halted|access-date=June 20, 2024 |publisher= [[Philippine Daily Inquirer]]|date=June 15, 2024}}</ref>

=== Higher educational institutions ===
[[File:Rizal, Adenauer, Otto Hahn.jpg|thumb|left|[[Saint Louis University (Philippines)|Saint Louis University]]]]
[[File:PMA Melchor Hall Facade.JPG|thumb|[[Philippine Military Academy]]]]

The city houses eight major institutions of higher education. Baguio's first private school, Easter College, was set up in 1906 by the Rt. Rev. Charles Brent, who was a bishop of the Episcopalian Church.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Ma |first=Julie C. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jZVMAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA52 |title=When the Spirit Meets the Spirits: Pentecostal Ministry Among the Kankana-ey Tribe in the Philippines |date=April 1, 2010 |publisher=Wipf and Stock Publishers |isbn=978-1-60899-464-9 |page=[https://books.google.com/books?id=jZVMAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA52 52] |language=en |access-date=August 22, 2022}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=About Us |url=https://eastercollege.ph/public/institution/about |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210411000202/https://eastercollege.ph/public/institution/about |archive-date=April 11, 2021 |access-date=August 22, 2022 |website=Easter College}}</ref>

The [[University of the Philippines]], the country's premier state university, was established as an extension campus in [[Vigan]], Ilocos Sur before transferring to Baguio in 1938.<ref>{{Cite web |title=History & Overview |url=https://www.upb.edu.ph/upbaguio-overview |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210623205847/https://www.upb.edu.ph/upbaguio-overview |archive-date=June 23, 2021 |access-date=August 22, 2022 |website=University of the Philippines Baguio |language=en-gb}}</ref> In 1961, it became a branch campus of [[University of the Philippines Diliman|UP Diliman]], before finally becoming [[University of the Philippines Baguio|UP Baguio]] in 2002.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Castro |first=Leia |title=A collation of other centenarians in Baguio |work=Baguio Midland Courier |url=http://www.baguiomidlandcourier.com.ph/anniv09_article.asp?mode=anniv09/supplements/leia.txt |access-date=August 22, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090619001453/http://www.baguiomidlandcourier.com.ph/anniv09_article.asp?mode=anniv09/supplements/leia.txt |archive-date=June 19, 2009}}</ref>

[[Saint Louis University (Philippines)|Saint Louis University]] is the largest university in the city and in the north of Manila, catering to over 30,000 students;<ref>{{Cite news |title=Saint Louis University (SLU) |work=[[International Federation of Catholic Universities|Fédération internationale des Universités Catholiques]] |url=http://www.fiuc.org/bdf_organisme-201_fr.html |access-date=August 22, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190619084659/http://www.fiuc.org/bdf_organisme-201_fr.html |archive-date=June 19, 2019}}</ref> it was founded by Belgian [[CICM missionaries]] in 1911<ref>{{Cite news |last=Meneses |first=Nito |date=January 12, 2007 |title=SLU celebrates its 95th founding anniversary |work=Philippine Information Agency |url=http://archives.pia.gov.ph/?m=12&fi=p070112.htm&no=44 |access-date=August 22, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220822135122/http://archives.pia.gov.ph/?m=12&fi=p070112.htm&no=44 |archive-date=August 22, 2022}}</ref> initially as a one-storey school for boys. It became a college in the 1950s before becoming a university in 1963. It currently has four campuses spread across the city.{{citation needed|date=August 2022}}

[[Baguio Central University]] was founded in 1945 as the Centro Academy by the Fernandez family.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Baguio Central University |url=https://www.pacu.org.ph/teacher/baguio-central-university/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201022214719/https://www.pacu.org.ph/teacher/baguio-central-university/ |archive-date=October 22, 2020 |access-date=August 23, 2022 |website=Philippine Association of Colleges and Universities}}</ref> The following year, another educational institution, the [[University of the Cordilleras]] was established as the Baguio Colleges before becoming the Baguio Colleges Foundation; it became a full-fledged university in 2003.<ref>{{Cite web |title=University of the Cordilleras |url=https://www.pacu.org.ph/teacher/university-of-the-cordilleras/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201022213207/https://www.pacu.org.ph/teacher/university-of-the-cordilleras/ |archive-date=October 22, 2020 |access-date=August 23, 2022 |website=Philippine Association of Colleges and Universities}}</ref> The [[University of Baguio]] was established as the Baguio Technical and Commercial Institute in 1948 by the Bautista family; it was upgraded to university status in 1969.<ref>{{Cite web |title=University of Baguio |url=https://www.pacu.org.ph/teacher/university-of-baguio/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201029142543/https://www.pacu.org.ph/teacher/university-of-baguio/ |archive-date=October 29, 2020 |access-date=August 23, 2022 |website=Philippine Association of Colleges and Universities}}</ref>

Mainly a nursing and medical school, Pines City Colleges was founded in 1969 as the Pines City Doctors Hospital School of Nursing, three years after the opening of Pines City Doctors' Hospital in 1966.{{citation needed|date=August 2022}}

The [[Philippine Military Academy]], the country's military school, was originally founded in the Walled City of [[Intramuros]] in 1907 before relocating to Baguio in 1908.<ref>{{Cite web |title=History, Traditions and General Information |url=https://www.pma.edu.ph/about.php |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210520172133/https://www.pma.edu.ph/about.php |archive-date=May 20, 2021 |access-date=August 23, 2022 |website=Philippine Military Academy}}</ref>

==Notable people==
{{main|List of people from Baguio}}

==Twin towns and sister cities==
===Local===
{{div col|colwidth=20em}}
* [[Angeles City]]<ref name="sistercities20">{{Cite news |last=Dacuag |first=Pearl A. |date=September 6, 2009 |title=20 sister cities pledge to fortify ties with Baguio |work=Baguio Midland Courier |url=http://www.baguiomidlandcourier.com.ph/city.asp?mode=%20archives/2009/september/9-6-2009/city6.txt |access-date=October 13, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180124005712/https://www.baguiomidlandcourier.com.ph/city.asp?mode=%20archives/2009/september/9-6-2009/city6.txt |archive-date=January 24, 2018}}</ref>
* [[Alaminos, Pangasinan]]<ref name="sistercities20" />
* [[Bacolod]]<ref name="sistercities20" />
* [[Calbayog, Samar]]<ref name="sistercities20" />
* [[Candon]]<ref>{{Cite news |title=Marvil: Baguio and Candon City Sign Sisterhood MOU |work=SunStar |url=http://www.sunstar.com.ph/baguio/opinion/2016/06/28/marvil-baguio-and-candon-city-sign-sisterhood-mou-482194 |access-date=July 1, 2016 |archive-date=August 16, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160816002245/http://www.sunstar.com.ph/baguio/opinion/2016/06/28/marvil-baguio-and-candon-city-sign-sisterhood-mou-482194 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
* [[Daet, Camarines Norte]]<ref name="sistercities20" />
* [[Davao City]]<ref name="sistercities20" />
* [[Dipaculao, Aurora]]<ref name="sistercities20" />
* [[Lopez, Quezon]]<ref name="sistercities20" />
* [[Lucena, Philippines|Lucena]]<ref name="sistercities20" />
* [[Makati]]<ref name="sistercities20" />
* [[Mandaue]]<ref name="sistercities20" />
* [[Marawi]], [[Lanao del Sur]]<ref name="sistercities20" />
* [[Muñoz, Nueva Ecija]]<ref name="sistercities20" />
* [[Ormoc, Leyte]]<ref name="sistercities20" />
* [[Pavia, Iloilo]]<ref name="sistercities20" />
* [[San Carlos, Negros Occidental]]<ref name="sistercities20" />
* [[Zamboanga City]]<ref name="sistercities20" />
{{div col end}}

===International===
{{div col|colwidth=20em}}
* {{flagicon|Peru}} [[Cusco]], Peru<ref name="sistercities20" />
* {{flagicon|ROK}} [[Gongju]], South Korea<ref name="sistercities20" />
* {{flagicon|China}} [[Hangzhou]], China<ref name="sistercities20" />
* {{flagicon|Japan}} [[Hanyū, Saitama]], Japan<ref name="sistercities20" />
* {{flagicon|USA}} [[Honolulu]], [[Hawaii]], United States<ref name="Honululu sister-cities">{{Cite web |date=2013 |title=Honolulu Data: Sister Cities |url=https://data.honolulu.gov/dataset/Sister-Cities/pvti-pwka |access-date=August 28, 2016 |publisher=City and County of Honolulu |type=official website |location=Honolulu}}</ref>
* {{flagicon|Japan}} [[Karuizawa, Nagano]], Japan<ref name="sistercities20" />
* {{flagicon|Israel}} [[Nazareth]], Israel<ref>{{Cite news |last=See |first=Dexter A. |date=October 24, 2014 |title=Twinning ties for Baguio and Nazareth |work=The Standard |url=http://manilastandardtoday.com/news/-provinces/161129/twinning-ties-for-baguio-and-nazareth.html |url-status=dead |access-date=March 4, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160308022938/http://manilastandardtoday.com/news/-provinces/161129/twinning-ties-for-baguio-and-nazareth.html |archive-date=March 8, 2016}}</ref>
* {{flagicon|Canada}} [[Vaughan]], Canada<ref name="sistercities20" />
* {{flagicon|ROK}} [[Seoul]], South Korea<ref name="sistercities20" />
* {{flagicon|USA}} [[San Antonio]], [[Texas]], United States<ref>{{Cite web|date=October 19, 2022|title=San Antonio to formalize Friendship agreement with Baguio, Philippines|work=City of San Antionio|url=https://www.sa.gov/Directory/News/Press-Releases/San-Antonio-to-formalize-Friendship-City-agreement-with-Baguio-Philippines|access-date=March 24, 2023}}{{Dead link|date=January 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>
* {{flagicon|AUS}} [[Shepparton]], Australia<ref name="sistercities20" />
* {{flagicon|ROK}} [[Taebaek]], South Korea<ref name="sistercities20" />
*  {{flagicon|USA}} {{flagicon|Guam}} [[Tamuning, Guam]], United States<ref name="sistercities20" />
* {{flagicon|MEX}} [[Taxco]], Mexico<ref name="sistercities20" />
* {{flagicon|USA}} [[Vallejo, California]], United States<ref>{{Cite web |title=Vallejo's Sister Cities |url=http://www.vallejosistercity.org/sister_cities.aspx |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171227122224/http://www.vallejosistercity.org/sister_cities.aspx |archive-date=December 27, 2017 |access-date=August 28, 2016 |publisher=Vallejo Sister Cities Association}}</ref>
* {{flagicon|Japan}} [[Wakkanai|Wakkanai, Hokkaido]], Japan<ref name="sistercities20" />
{{div col end}}

==See also==
{{portal|Philippines}}

* [[Capital of the Philippines]]
* [[Daniel Burnham]]
* [[Hill station]]
* [[Kennon Road]]
* [[La Trinidad, Benguet|La Trinidad]]
* [[Sagada]]
* [[Banaue]]
* [[Session Road]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
<!--https://en.unesco.org/creative-cities/baguio-city -->
{{commons category|Baguio}}{{Wikivoyage}}
* {{official website|http://www.baguio.gov.ph/}}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20240000000000*/https://www.baguiomidlandcourier.com.ph/ Homepage] — ''[[Baguio Midland Courier]]'' (archived index)
* {{NSCB detail}} Philippine Standard Geographic Code
* [https://www.openstreetmap.org/#map=14/16.4118/120.5947 Baguio] at [[OpenStreetMap]]

{{Geographic location|Center=Baguio|North=[[La Trinidad, Benguet|La Trinidad]]|East=[[Itogon]]|South=[[Tuba, Benguet|Tuba]]|West=[[Tuba, Benguet|Tuba]]|Northwest=[[Sablan]]}}
{{Baguio}}
{{Navboxes|title=Articles related to Baguio|list=
{{Metro Baguio}}
{{Benguet}}
{{Cordillera Administrative Region}}
{{Philippine cities}}
{{Most populous cities in Philippines}}
}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Baguio| ]]
[[Category:1909 establishments in the Philippines]]
[[Category:Cities in the Cordillera Administrative Region]]
[[Category:Former provincial capitals of the Philippines]]
[[Category:Highly urbanized cities in the Philippines]]
[[Category:Mountain resorts in the Philippines]]
[[Category:Planned communities in the Philippines]]
[[Category:Populated places established in 1909]]
[[Category:Populated places in Benguet]]