View source for Bageshri

{{Short description|A Janya raga of Carnatic music}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2020}}
{{Infobox raga
| name          = Bageshri
| image_name    =
| image_alt     =
| thaat         = [[Kafi (thaat)|Kafi]]<ref name="tanarang.com">{{cite web|url=http://www.tanarang.com/english/bageshree_eng.htm |title=Raag Bageshree – Hindustani Classical Music |publisher=Tanarang.com |accessdate=2022-08-25}}</ref>
| type          = Audav Shadav/ Audav-Sampurna / Shadav sampurna Or sampurna sampurna<ref name="tanarang.com" />
| time          = 2nd Prahar of the Night (9PM to 12AM)
| season        =
| arohana       = S g m D n S'<ref name="tanarang.com" />
| avarohana     = S'n D m g R S
 Or S' n D m P D g m g R S
Or S' n D,P D n D m g, R G m g R S<ref name="tanarang.com" />
| vadi          = Ma<ref name="tanarang.com" />
| samavadi      = Sa<ref name="tanarang.com" />
| pakad         = D n s, m, m P D, m g R S
| chalan        =
| synonym       = Vagishvari{{sfn|Bor|Rao|1999}}
| equivalent    =
| similar       = [[Rageshree|Rageshri]]<ref name="tanarang.com" />
}}
{{Hindustani Classical Music}}
[[File:Bageshri - arohanam and avarohanam.wav|thumb|Bageshri]]
'''Raga Bageshri''' or '''Bageshree''' ({{IAST3|Bāgeśrī}}) is a [[Hindustani raga]]. It is meant to depict the emotion of waiting for reunion with one's lover. Being a very melodic raga it has gained popularity over the centuries. Like all ragas, Raga Bageshri traces its origins to the Samaveda, a sacred Hindu text with roots that likely date back to around 1500 BCE, though its oral tradition could be much older.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Jamison |first1=S. W. |last2=Witzel |first2=Michael |date=1992 |title=Vedic Hinduism |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/242441906_Vedic_Hinduism |journal=The Study of Hinduism |page=2}}</ref>

Raga Bageshri is a night time raga (''madhya raatri'' Ragsamaya), written in ''[[Kafi (thaat)|Kaafi]]'' [[thaat]], ''Ma'' [[Vadi (music)|Vadi]], ''Sa'' Samvadi, 5/7 Jati, Hasya Rasa (associated with joyful, the comic, and happy emotions).<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ragopedia Raga Chapter - Rasa |url=https://www.ragopedia.com/raga/rasa.html |access-date=2024-12-26 |website=www.ragopedia.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Table of Indian Raags |url=http://www.p-sarkar.com/Table%20of%20Indian%20Raags.htm |access-date=2024-12-26 |website=www.p-sarkar.com}}</ref>

In modern days, people like the popular Hindi music director [[C. Ramchandra|C.Ramchandra]] favour composing songs in Bageshri, as he found it simple. In a 1978 interview at BBC studios with Mahendra Kaul, he explained this, while playing songs like ([[Azaad (1955 film)|Radha na bole – Azad, 1955]]) that were set to Bageshri.<ref name="int">{{cite news |last1=Kaul |first1=Mahendra |title=Interview with C Ramchandra |url=https://genome.ch.bbc.co.uk/schedules/bbcone/london/1979-09-02 |access-date=11 April 2019 |publisher=BBC Studios |date=2 February 1978}}</ref>

== Theory ==
The [[Music theory|theoretical]] aspects of Bageshri are as follows:

=== Scale ===
:[[Arohana]] :  S g m D n S'<ref name="tanarang.com" />{{sfn|Bor|Rao|1999}}
:[[Avarohana]] : S' n D m P D g m g R S<ref name="tanarang.com" />{{sfn|Bor|Rao|1999}}

=== Vadi & Samavadi ===
:[[Vadi (Hindustani classical music)|Vadi]] :  Madhyam (Ma)<ref name="tanarang.com" />
:[[Samavadi]]:  Shadja (Sa)<ref name="tanarang.com" />

=== [[Pakad]] or [[Raga|Chalan]] ===
D n s, m, m P D, m g R S

:'''Varjit Swara''' – P & R in Aaroh

:'''Jati :''' – Audav-Sampoorna (Vakra)

=== Organization & Relationships ===
[[Thaat]]: [[Kafi (raga)]]

=== [[Samayā]] (Time) ===
The time for this raaga is {{transliteration|hi|madhya raatri}} (middle of the night).

== Carnatic music ==
{{Infobox ragam
| name          = Bageshri
| synonym       =
| image_name    =
| image_alt     =
| mela          = 22nd, [[Kharaharapriya]]
| chakra        =
| type          =
| arohanam      = {{svaraC|S|G2|M1|D2|N2|S'}}
| avarohanam    = {{svaraC|S'|N2|D2|N2|P|M1|G2|R2|S}}
| jeeva         =
| chhaya        =
| nyasa         =
| vishesha      =
| equivalent    =
| similar       =
}}
Bageshri raga a popular raga. It is derived from the 22nd [[Melakarta]], [[Kharaharapriya]].<ref name="ragas">''Ragas in Carnatic music'' by Dr. S. Bhagyalekshmy, Pub. 1990, CBH Publications</ref> This raga is a [[janya]] raga (derived) as it does not have all the seven notes in the ascending scale.

=== Structure and Lakshana ===
Bageshri is an asymmetric scale that does not contain ''panchamam'' or ''rishabam'' in the ascending scale. It is called a ''audava-sampurna'' rāgam,<ref name="ragas" /> in Carnatic music classification (as it has 5 notes in ascending and 7 notes in descending scale). Its ''{{IAST|ārohaṇa-avarohaṇa}}'' structure is as follows (see [[Swara#Svaras in Carnatic music|''swaras'' in Carnatic music]] for details on below notation and terms):

*[[Arohana|{{IAST|ārohaṇa}}]] : {{svaraC|S|G2|R2|M1|D2|N2|S'|foot=yes}}
*[[Avarohana|{{IAST|avarohaṇa}}]] : {{svaraC|S'|N2|D2|N2|P|M1|G2|R2|S|foot=yes}}

This scale uses the notes {{transliteration|hi|shadjam, chathusruti rishabham, sadharana gandharam, shuddha madhyamam, panchamam, chathusruthi dhaivatham}}, and {{transliteration|hi|kaisiki nishadam}}.

=== Popular compositions ===
Bageshri is a very melodic raga in Carnatic music.<ref name="ragas" /> So, even though this scale has been used only in a few [[krithi]]s (compositions), many devaranamas, ashtapadis, thiruppugazhs, and other lyrics have been set to tune in this raga. It is typically sung in concerts after the main piece, in ''viruttams'', ''padams'', ''bhajans'', and [[ragamalika]].<ref name="ragas" />

Here are some popular compositions in ''Bageshri''.

*''Eru mayil eri vilayadu'' composed by [[Arunagirinathar]]
*''Sagarasayana'' by [[M. D. Ramanathan]]
*''Maname Ariyen'' by [[Papanasam Sivan]]
*''Antakanadutarige Kimchittu dayavilla''  by [[Purandaradasa]]
*''Govindamiha'' by [[Narayana Teertha|Narayana Theertha]]
*''Kanden Kanden'' by [[Arunachala Kavi]]-Also sung in [[Vasantha (raga)|Vasantha]]

== Film Songs ==
=== Language:[[Tamil language|Tamil]] ===
{| class="wikitable"
|-
!Song
!Movie
!Composer
!Singer
|-
|Kaanaa Inbam Kannidhadheno
|[[Sabaash Meena]]
|[[T. G. Lingappa]]
|T. A. Mothi, [[P. Susheela]]
|-
|Kalaiyae En Vazhkaiyin
|[[Meenda Sorgam]]
|[[T. Chalapathi Rao]]
|[[A. M. Rajah]], [[P. Susheela]]
|-
|Idhaya Vaasal Thirantha Pothum
|[[Thoongatha Kannindru Ondru]]
|[[K. V. Mahadevan]]
|[[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]], [[S. Janaki]]
|-
|Anbale Thediya En
|[[Deivapiravi (1960 film)|Deivapiravi]]
|[[R. Sudarsanam]]
|[[C. S. Jayaraman]], [[S. Janaki]]
|-
|Malare Malare Theriyatha
|[[Thennilavu]]
|[[A. M. Rajah]]
|[[P. Susheela]]
|-
|Kangale Kangale
|[[Vaazhkai Padagu]]
| rowspan="4" |[[Viswanathan–Ramamoorthy]]
|[[P. B. Sreenivas]]
|-
|Mayakkum Maalai
|[[Gulebakavali (1955 film)|Gulebakavali]]
|[[A. M. Rajah]], [[Jikki]]
|-
|Malarukku Thendral
|[[Enga Veettu Pillai]]
|[[P. Susheela]], [[L. R. Eswari]]
|-
|Paal Irukkum Pazham Irukkum
|[[Paava Mannippu]]
|rowspan="3"|[[T. M. Soundararajan]], [[P. Susheela]]
|-
|Ponnezhil Pootadu
|[[Kalangarai Vilakkam]]
| rowspan="5" |[[M. S. Viswanathan]]
|-
|Nee Ennenna Sonnalum
|[[Netru Indru Naalai (1974 film)|Netru Indru Naalai]]
|-
|Nilave Ennidam
|[[Ramu (1966 film)|Ramu]]
|[[P. B. Sreenivas]], [[P. Susheela]]
|-
|Avan Nenaithaana
|[[Selva Magal]]
|[[T. M. Soundararajan]]
|-
|Kannanin Sanithiyil
|Oru Kodiyil Iru Malargal
|[[P. Jayachandran]], [[P. Susheela]]
|-
|Nee Engey En Ninaivugal
|[[Mannippu]]
|[[S. M. Subbaiah Naidu]]
|[[T. M. Soundararajan]], [[P. Susheela]], [[A. P. Komala]]
|-
|Punnagai Mannan
|[[Iru Kodugal]]
|[[V. Kumar]]
|[[P. Susheela]], [[K. Jamuna Rani]]
|-
|Melatha Mella
|[[Aruvadai Naal]]
|rowspan="17"|[[Ilaiyaraaja]]
|[[Malaysia Vasudevan]], [[S. Janaki]]
|-
|Kelaayo Kanna
|[[Naane Raja Naane Mandhiri]]
|[[P. Susheela]], Usha Srinivasan
|-
|Kala Kala Sangamamo
|Ezhumalayaan Magimai
|[[Ilaiyaraaja]], [[S. Janaki]]
|-
|Then Mozhi
|[[Solla Thudikuthu Manasu]]
|rowspan="3"|[[Mano (singer)|Mano]]
|-
|Kaviyam Padava Thendrale
|[[Geethanjali (1989 film)|Idhayathai Thirudathe]]
|-
|Mounam Yen Mounamey
|[[En Jeevan Paduthu]]
|-
|Roja Ondru Mutham Ketkum Neram
|[[Komberi Mookan]]
|[[S P Balasubramaniam]] & [[S. Janaki]]
|-
|Eduthu Naan Vidava
|[[Pudhu Pudhu Arthangal (film)|Pudhu Pudhu Arthangal]]
|[[Ilaiyaraaja]], [[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]]
|-
|Ingeyum
|[[Sathya (1988 film)|Sathya]]
|[[Lata Mangeshkar]]
|-
|Unnayum Ennayum
|[[Aalappirandhavan]]
|[[K.J. Jesudas]], [[S. Janaki]]
|-
|Yarodu Yaro
|Salangayil Oru Sangeetham
|rowspan="2"|[[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]]
|-
|Chinnai Chiru
|[[Endrum Anbudan]]
|-
|Rokkam Irukura Makkal
|[[Kasi (film)|Kasi]]
|[[Hariharan (singer)|Hariharan]], [[Sujatha Mohan]]
|-
|Singalathu Chinnakuyile
(Ragam Bahudari touches also)
|[[Punnagai Mannan]]
|rowspan=2|[[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]], [[K. S. Chithra]]
|-
|Vaikasi Masthula
|[[Ninaivu Chinnam]]
|-
|Mazhai Varuthu
|[[Raja Kaiya Vacha]]
|rowspan="3"|[[K.J. Jesudas]], [[K. S. Chithra]]
|-
|Sangathamizh Kaviye
(Ragamalika:[[Abheri]], Bageshri, Sumanesa Ranjani)
|[[Manathil Uruthi Vendum]]
|-
|Santosham Kaanatha
|[[Vasanthi (1988 film)|Vasanthi]]
|rowspan="2"|[[Chandrabose (composer)|Chandrabose]]
|-
|Koluse Koluse
|Pen Puthi Mun Puthi
|[[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]], [[S. P. Sailaja]]
|-
|Chinna Kannan
|[[Senthoora Poove]]
|rowspan=2|[[Manoj–Gyan]]
|[[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]], [[K. S. Chithra]]
|-
|Thazham Poovai Theril Kanden
|Rojakkal Unakaga
|[[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]], [[Swarnalatha]](Humming only)
|-
|Malaicharal Oram
|Avathellam Pennalae
|rowspan=2|[[Shankar–Ganesh]]
|[[P. Jayachandran]]
|-
|Kadalodu Nadhikenna Kobam
|Arthangal Ayiram
|rowspan=3|[[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]]
|-
|Aruviyin Oram
|Paadum Paadal Unakkaga
|Maharaajaa
|-
|Naan Vandha Idam
|Thanga Kolusu
|rowspan=2|[[Deva (composer)|Deva]]
|-
|Thalaivanai Azhaikuthu
|[[En Aasai Machan]]
|[[S. Janaki]]
|-
|Uchathil Otha Kuyil
|Partha Parvayil
|M. M. A. Iniyavan
|[[Mano (singer)|Mano]], [[S. Janaki]]
|-
|Pollatha Kannan
|[[Swarnamukhi (film)|Swarnamukhi]]
|Swararaj
|[[K. S. Chithra]], Gajendran
|-
|Aaromale ([[Malayalam]])
|[[Vinnaithaandi Varuvaayaa]]
|rowspan=3|[[A. R. Rahman]]
|[[Alphons Joseph]], [[Shreya Ghoshal]](Female Version)
|-
|Valayapatti Thavile
(Ragamalika: [[Bihag]], Bageshri, Neelambhari)
|[[Azhagiya Tamil Magan]]
|[[Naresh Iyer]], [[Ujjayinee Roy]], [[Srimathumitha]], Darshana KT
|-
|Seemanthapoo
|[[99 Songs]]
|[[Jonita Gandhi]], [[Sharanya Srinivas]], Sireesha Bhagavatula
|-
|Kaatru Vanthu Santham Solla
|Konjum Kili
|[[S. A. Rajkumar]]
|[[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]], Sunandha
|-
|Vallami Tharayo
|[[Vallamai Tharayo]]
|[[Bharadwaj (composer)|Bharadwaj]]
|Bharadwaj, [[Surmukhi Raman]]
|-
|Thuli Thuliyai
(Ragamalika:[[Harikambhoji]], Bageshri)
|[[Ramanujan (film)|Ramanujan]]
|[[Ramesh Vinayakam]]
|Ramesh Vinayakam, [[Kaushiki Chakrabarty]], Vinaya
|}

=== Language: Hindi ===
{| class="wikitable"
|-
!Song
!Movie
!Composer
!Singer
|-
|Aja Re, Paradesi
|[[Madhumati]]
|[[Salil Chowdhury]]
|[[Lata Mangeshkar]]
|-
|Phir Chhiddi Raat
|[[Bazaar (1982 film)|Bazaar]]
|[[Mohammed Zahur Khayyam|Mohd Khayyam]]
|[[Lata Mangeshkar]], [[Talat Aziz]]
|-
|[[Bachna Ae Haseeno (song)|Bachna Ae Haseeno]]
|[[Hum Kisise Kum Nahi]] (1977) / [[Bachna Ae Haseeno]] (2008)
|[[R D Burman]] (1977) / [[Vishal-Shekhar]] (2008)
|[[Kishore Kumar]] / Sumit Kumar
|-
|Ami Je To Mar
|[[Bhool Bhulaiya]]
|[[Pritam]]
|[[M.G. Sreekumar]], [[Shreya Ghoshal]]
|-
|Ghadi Ghadi Mora Dil Dhadke
|[[Madhumati]]
|[[Salil Chowdhury]]
|[[Lata Mangeshkar]]
|-
|Bedardi Dagabaz Ja Tu Nahin Balma Mora
|[[Bluff Master (1963 film)|Bluff Master]]
|[[Kalyanji-Anandji]]
|[[Lata Mangeshkar]]
|-
|Chah Barbad Karegi
|[[Shahjehan]]
|[[Naushad]]
|[[K. L. Saigal]]
|-
|Ja Re, Beiman Tujhe Jan Liya
|[[Private Secretary]]
|[[Dilip Dholakia]]
|[[Manna Dey]]
|-
|Jaag Dard-e-Ishq Jaag
|[[Anarkali]]
|[[C. Ramchandra]]
|[[Hemant Kumar]], [[Lata Mangeshkar]]
|-
|Shubh Ghadi Aai
|Insaaf Ki Tope
|Nagar Das Nayak
|Shaila V. Panchotia
|-
|Jao Jao Nand Ke Lala
|[[Rangoli]]
|[[Shankar–Jaikishan]]
|[[Lata Mangeshkar]]
|-
|Radha Na Bole Na Bole
|[[Azaad (1955 film)|Azaad]]
|[[C. Ramchandra]]
|[[Lata Mangeshkar]]
|-
|Ruth Ke Humse Kahin
|[[Jo Jeeta Wohi Sikandar]]
|[[Jatin–Lalit]]
|[[Jatin Pandit]]
|-
|Sanwoli Saloni Teri Jheel Si Aankhen
|[[Ham Sab Chor Hain (1995 film)|Ham Sab Chor Hain]]
|[[Bappi Lahiri]]
|[[Kumar Sanu]], [[Alka Yagnik]]
|-
|Aab Ghar Aaja
|[[Haasil (film)|Haasil]]
|[[Jatin–Lalit]]
|[[Javed Ali]]
|-
|Mera Chand Mujhe Aaya Hai Nazar
|[[Yeh Hai Mumbai Meri Jaan]]
|[[Jatin–Lalit]]
|[[Kumar Sanu]]
|-
|Kahena Hi Kya
|[[Bombay]]
|[[A.&nbsp;R. Rahman]]
|[[K. S. Chithra]]
|-
|Aisa Kyon Hota Hai Barbar
|[[Ishq Vishk]]
|[[Anu Malik]]
|[[Alka Yagnik]]
|-
|Bolo Na
|[[Chittagong]]
|[[Shankar–Ehsaan–Loy]]
|[[Shankar Mahadevan]]
|-
|Emotional Atyachar
|[[Dev D]]
|[[Amit Trivedi]]
|[[Amit Trivedi]], [[Amitabh Bhattacharya]]
|-
|Chahaton Ka Silsila
|[[Shabd]]
|[[Vishal–Shekhar]]
|[[Kumar Sanu]], [[Sunidhi Chauhan]]
|-
|Bhare Naina
|[[Ra.One]]
|[[Vishal–Shekhar]]
|[[Nandini Srikar]]
|-
|Raat Bhar Chand Jwala
|Moonlight Whispers (Album)
|[[Vivek Prakash]]
|[[Udit Narayan]]
|}

=== Language: Kannada ===
{| class="wikitable"
|-
!Song
!Movie
!Composer
!Singer
|-
|Kaalavannu Thadeyoru
|[[Kittu Puttu]] (1977) / [[Apthamitra]] (2004)
|[[Rajan-Nagendra]] (1977) / [[Gurukiran]] (2004)
|[[K J Yesudas]], [[S Janaki]] (1977) / [[Hariharan (singer)|Hariharan]], [[Gurukiran]] (2008)
|}

== See also ==
{{Portal|India|Music}}
*[[List of film songs based on ragas]]

== Notes ==
{{notelist|30em}}

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== Sources ==
* {{cite book |last1=Bor |first1=Joep |last2=Rao |first2=Suvarnalata |title=The Raga Guide: A Survey of 74 Hindustani Ragas |date=1999 |publisher=Nimbus Records with Rotterdam Conservatory of Music |isbn=978-0-9543976-0-9 |page=26 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jCnoMgEACAAJ}}

== External links ==
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20070514235610/http://www.itcsra.org/sra_others_samay_index.html SRA on Samay and Ragas]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20070514234610/http://www.itcsra.org/sra_raga/sra_raga_that/sra_raga_that_index.html SRA on Ragas and Thaats]
*[http://www.parrikar.org/vault/ Rajan Parrikar on Ragas]
*[http://www.parrikar.org/hindustani/bageshree/ Rajan Parrikar on Bageshree]
*[http://chandrakantha.com/raga_raag/film_song_raga/bageshri.shtml Film Songs in Rag Bageshree]
*[https://oceanofragas.com/ocean_HtmlPages/Bageshree.html More details about raga Bageshree]

{{Melakarta ragas|state=collapsed}}
{{Janya|state=collapsed}}
{{Rāgas as per Performance Time}}

[[Category:Hindustani ragas]]
[[Category:Janya ragas]]