View source for Bagansiapiapi

{{more citations needed|date=May 2010}}
{{Infobox settlement
|official_name = Bagansiapiapi 
|other_name   = 
| translit_lang1      = Other
| translit_lang1_type2 = [[Jawi alphabet|Jawi]]
| translit_lang1_info2 = باڬنسياڤياڤي 
| translit_lang1_type3 = [[Mandarin Chinese|Mandarin]]
| translit_lang1_info3 = {{Lang|zh-hans|峇眼亚比}} {{font|size=70%|([[Simplified Chinese characters|Simplified]])}}<br>{{Lang|zh-hant|峇眼亞比}} {{font|size=70%|([[Traditional Chinese characters|Traditional]])}}<br>''Bāyǎn yǎbǐ'' {{font|size=70%|([[Pinyin]])}}
| translit_lang1_type4 = [[Hokkien Chinese|Hokkien ]]
| translit_lang1_info4 = {{Lang|zh-hans|峇眼}} {{font|size=70%|([[Chinese characters|Hanzi]])}}<br>''Bā-gán'' {{font|size=70%|([[Pe̍h-ōe-jī]])}}
|settlement_type   = [[Special Economic Zone]] 
|motto = 
|website = [http://www.bagansiapiapi.net Bagansiapiapi Community website]
|image_skyline = Traditional House - panoramio (2).jpg
|image_caption =  Old [[peranakan]]-styled houses in downtown of Bagansiapiapi
|image_flag = 
|image_seal = 
|image_map = 
|pushpin_map            = Indonesia Riau#Indonesia Sumatra#Indonesia
|map_caption =Location of Bagansiapiapi in Indonesia
|subdivision_type  = [[Countries of the world|Country]]
|subdivision_name  = {{IDN}}
|subdivision_type1 = [[Province of Indonesia|Province]]
|subdivision_name1 = [[Riau]]
|subdivision_type2 = [[List of regencies and cities of Indonesia|Regency]]
|subdivision_name2 = [[Rokan Hilir]]
|area_footnotes    =.<ref>BPS-Statistics of Rokan Hilir Regency, (2014), ''Rokan Hilir In Figures'', Page 7</ref> 
|area_total_km2         = 475.26
|area_total_sq_mi       =
|area_land_km2          =
|area_land_sq_mi        =
|area_water_km2         =
|area_water_sq_mi       =
|area_water_percent     =
|area_urban_km2         =
|area_urban_sq_mi       =
|area_metro_km2         = 
|area_metro_sq_mi       =
|population_as_of       = 30 June 2013
|population_footnotes   = <ref>BPS-Statistics of Rokan Hilir Regency, (2014), ''Rokan Hilir In Figures'', Page 61</ref>
|population_total       = 73,360
|population_density_km2 = 154
|population_density_sq_mi =
|population_demonym     = Bagan-kia (峇眼人)
|established_title      = Established
|established_date       = 1800s
|leader_title = 
|leader_name = [[Suyatno]]
|timezone = [[Time in Indonesia|WIB]]
|utc_offset = +7
|timezone_DST = Not observed
|ethnicity = Malay, Chinese, Etc
|religion = Islam, Confucius, Buddhist, Protestant, Catholic, Etc
|language = Hokkien (mainly), Malay Indonesian, Teochew, Mandarin
|elevation_m = 
|elevation_ft =
|coordinates            = {{coord|2|10|N|100|49|E|region:ID|display=inline,title}}
|footnotes =
}}
{{Chinese
|t=峇眼亞比
|s=峇眼亚比
|p=Bāyǎn yǎbǐ
|poj=Bā-gán-a-pī
|j=baa1 ngaan5 aa3 bei3
| altname                = Bagan
| c2                     = 峇眼
| p2                  = Bāyǎn
| poj2 = Bā-gán
}}

'''Bagansiapiapi''' or simply known as '''Bagan''' ({{zh|c=峇眼|poj=Bā-gán}}) is a city in [[Riau]] province on the island of [[Sumatra]], [[Indonesia]]. The city is the capital of [[Rokan Hilir]] Regency in the province and is located on the east coast of [[Sumatra]], on the [[Rokan River]] [[river delta|delta]] across the strait west of [[Malacca]] and near [[Dumai]].

==History==
The town was originally populated mainly by [[Chinese Indonesians|Chinese]] immigrants<ref name=BSB>[https://books.google.com/books?id=8BB-XBh1X5YC&dq=bagan+siapi-api&pg=RA1-PR12 Daniel Pauly, Purwito Martosubroto (1996) ''Baseline studies of biodiversity: the fish resources of western Indonesia''] The WorldFish Center Retrieved 2010, May 19</ref>{{rp|pp xii}} who arrived at the end of 18th and the beginning of 19th century. Initially eighteen Chinese nationals sailed to Bagansiapiapi around 200 years ago and settled on the delta. All were from the family named ([[Ang (surname)|Ang]];{{lang-zh|洪}}) .{{Citation needed|date=March 2007}} in other dialects). More followed, searching for a new life and seeking to avoid the economic hardships prevalent in [[Fujian|Hokkien]] (China) at that time.

Every year, the Chinese community celebrates the anniversary of Bagansiapiapi, on the 16th day, of the 5th month of the [[moon|Lunar]] year, believing that the initial immigrant group landed at Bagansiapiapi on that day.{{citation needed|date=April 2007}}

Most of the Chinese population are [[Hoklo people|Hokkien]], originating from Tang-Ua (TongAn, now part of E-Meng/[[Xiamen]]), Kim-Meng ([[Kinmen]], Quemoy, JinMen), and Cin-Kang (JinJiang/[[Jinjiang, Fujian|Jinjiang]]). Some [[Teochew people|Teochew]], living mainly in the southern part, and a minority of [[Khek]]/[[Hakka people|Hakka]] also populated the town. Most of Chinese population communicate using the Tang-Ua dialect of [[Min Nan|Hokkien]].

Bagansiapiapi was one of the largest fish producers in the world during the late 1980s and early 1990s, ranking second in the world.{{citation needed|date=May 2010}} Bagansiapiapi is also famous for swallow nest farming.  [[Indonesia]]'s [[bird nest|bird's nests]] are famous for their quality and are well liked by consumers. This industry has led Bagansiapiapi into a new era of economic growth, involving investment, high activity in building construction and export growth.

In recent years, urbanization has been an issue. Most of the youth leave the town after high school to pursue a better life, or higher education in larger cities. They normally return for the traditional family reunion during the [[Chinese New Year]] celebrations.

===Fishing Town===
[[File:COLLECTIE TROPENMUSEUM Chinees kamp met houten weg op palen van 1200 meter lang en 3 meter breed Bagan siapiapi Sumatra TMnr 10008076.jpg|thumb|left|The chinese fishing village, with wooden road on poles of 1200 meters long and 3 meters wide, taken around 19th century]]
In the 1980s Bagansiapiapi was one of the largest fish producing towns in Indonesia, and the second highest producer of fish in the world, after Bergen in Norway.<ref>De Indische Mercuur, 51, No.14, 1928:259, ''Bagan Si Api Api de Tweede Vischstad der Wereld''</ref><ref>Shanty Setyawati, (2008), ''Pasang Surut Industri Perikanan Bagansiapiapi 1898-1936'', Fakultas Ilmu Pengetahuan Budaya-[[Universitas Indonesia]], BAB I hlm.2</ref>

[[File:COLLECTIE TROPENMUSEUM Vissershaven in Bagan Siapi-api Oost-Sumatra TMnr 10008073.jpg|thumb|right|The main fishing port in Bagansiapiapi, the town was developed rapidly around 1900, thanks to the richness of fish and shrimps from the sea around the area, Strait Malacca. A large part of the catch was shipped to Singapore and Batavia in the form of dried fish and trasi (terasi, a strong smelling ingredient of various Indian foodstuffs). (P. Boomgaard, 2001)]]
In its development, the fishing industry has made Bagansiapiapi into a modern town. In 1934, Bagansiapiapi already had a drinking water treatment facility, a power plant and a firefighter unit.<ref>Martinus Nijhoff, (1935), ''Encyclopaedie van Nederlandsch-Indie (ENI) VII'', hlm.1362</ref><ref>Shanty Setyawati, (2008), ''Pasang Surut Industri Perikanan Bagansiapiapi 1898-1936'', Fakultas Ilmu Pengetahuan Budaya-[[Universitas Indonesia]], BAB I hlm.3</ref> Due to the town's progress compared to other areas of ''afdeeling'' in Bengkalis, Bagansiapiapi was called as '' Ville Lumiere '' or (City of Light).
The fishing industry started with the first wave of Chinese immigrants, attracted to the area by the availability of abundant fishing. The town's heyday came under the jurisdiction of the Dutch East Indies, around 1930, when the fisheries produced 300,000 tons of fish per year. The annual production has fallen since, being particularly affected by a collapse of fish numbers since the 1970s, by which time over 800 trawlers based in the town were fishing the Shunda Shelf.<ref name=TWC>[https://books.google.com/books?id=POSRaavHiVIC&dq=chinese%20in%20bagansiapiapi&pg=PA41 Geronimo Silvestre, Daniel Pauly (1997) ''Status and management of tropical coastal fisheries in Asia''] The WorldFish Center {{ISBN|971-8709-02-9}} Retrieved 2010, May 19</ref>{{rp|pp 41.}} The trawling ban in Indonesian waters, introduced in 1980, has had a significant effect on the economy of the town.<ref name=TWC/>{{rp|pp 38.}}

However, the nickname Bagansiapiapi as a fish town over time are faded. If previously natural factors that make it so known as a fish producer, later it is known that natural factors are also causing the fading gradually because the coast around Bagansiapiapi experience siltation and narrow by the sediment of mud brought water Rokan River. Bagansiapiapi was also famous as the largest traditional shipyard in Indonesia before independence.<ref>[https://archive.today/20120715133856/http://us.detiknews.com/read/2005/11/29/143532/488683/10/galangan-kapal-terbesar-di-indonesia-gulung-tikar?nd992203605 "Galangan Kapal Terbesar di Indonesia Gulung Tikar"] ''[[Detikcom]]'', (diakses pada 19 Desember 2011)</ref> Bagansiapiapi's made boats are capable of penetrating various types of marine characteristics so that they are also used in [[Java Island|Java]], [[Nusa Tenggara]], and [[Maluku Islands|Maluku]]. Outside the country, his work attracted fishermen in [[Sri Lanka]], [[India]], even [[America]].

Bagansiapiapi boats production meet demand from the smallest of about three-four tons to 300 tons. Shipyards mushroomed in the era of the 1940s until the mid-1980s. In its heyday, the name of Bagansiapiapi was more famous than Pekanbaru and Riau Province.<ref>Neli Triana, (Rabu 24 Agustus 2005), ''Cahaya Kunang-kunang Meredup di Bagansiapiapi'', [[Kompas]], hlm.36</ref> But now the business is dead and suspended because of the limitations of wood raw materials and a series of [[Act (document)|Act]] About Forestry. The law states that the central government has full authority to determine the division of forest areas. As a result, the locally dominated wood-searchers, no longer able to cut timber to sell it to shipyard entrepreneurs.

==Demographics==
At the 2013 census, the population of Bagansiapiapi city was 73,360. Majority ethnic group of the city are the [[Chinese Indonesian|Chinese]] with large minority [[Malay Indonesian|Malay]] population, while the [[Minangkabau people|Minangkabau]] and [[Batak]] are the remainder.

{{Bar box
|title=Ethnicities of Bagansiapiapi - 2000 Census<ref>Indonesia's Population: Ethnicity and Religion in a Changing Political Landscape. Institute of Southeast Asian Studies. 2003. {{ISBN|9812302123}}</ref>
|titlebar=
|left1=ethnic group
|right1=percent
|float=right
|bars=
{{Bar percent|[[Chinese Indonesians|Chinese]]|Red|59.55}}
{{Bar percent|[[Ethnic Malays|Malay]]|Yellow|34.10}}
{{Bar percent|[[Minangkabau people|Minangkabau]]|#89CFF0|3.20}}
{{Bar percent|[[Batak]]|Black|2.25}}
{{Bar percent|Other|DarkGray|0.75}}
}}

As for Religion, [[Buddhism]] and [[Chinese folk religion in Southeast Asia|Chinese religion]] (including [[Taoism]] and [[Confucianism]]) are the major religions in the city, while [[Islam]] and [[Christianity]] are minority religions.

Though [[Indonesian language|Indonesian]] is the official language, [[Riau Hokkien|Hokkien]] is the most spoken language in Bagansiapiapi, due to the large Chinese population. The variety they use belong to the same language as [[Taiwanese Hokkien]], namely a variety called as ''Bagan Hokkien'' ({{lang-zh|t=峇眼福建話|poj=bā gán hok-kiàn-oā}}). Another local language is [[Malay language|Malay]], spoken by the Malay community.

==Barge Burning festival==
[[File:Festival bakar tongkang 2019 yang mendunia.jpg|thumb|250px|Bakar Tongkang Festival]]
Barge burning, locally known as ''Bakar Tongkang'' ({{zh|儀式 燃料 的 駁船}}) or in Hokkien language known as ''Go Gwek Cap Lak'' ({{zh|: 五月 十六 日}}) is an annual Bagansiapiapi peoples ritual especially among the ethnic Chinese celebrated every 16th in the fifth month of the [[Chinese calendar]]. Each year, the ritual brings in tourists from Malaysia, Singapore, Thailand, Taiwan, and Mainland China to Bagansiapiapi. This annual event is now heavily promoted by the government as a source of Rokan Hilir tourism.<ref>[https://archive.today/20120711042847/http://nasional.kompas.com/read/2010/06/28/08505476/ "Warga Sambut Ritual Bakar Tongkang"] ''[[Kompas.com]]'', 28 Juni 2010</ref>

==Transportation==
Transportation has been an area of concern for the government, as there is currently no airport. Bagansiapiapi is reached by road, being some 4-5 hours from [[Pekanbaru]], capital of Riau, and 2.5 hours from [[Dumai]]. From [[North Sumatra]] and [[Medan]] the travel time by road is about 11 hours.

The local government has an ongoing policy of improving the town [[infrastructure]], including the widening of roads and improving street lighting.

==Places around Bagansiapiapi==
[[File:Inhokkiong Temple.JPG|thumb|230px|right|Ing Hok Kiong temple]]
[[File:Rumah Kapitan.jpg|thumb|230px|right|An old Bagansiapiapi ''[[Kapitan China|Kapitan]]'' house]]
* [[Ing Hok Kiong Temple]] (永福宮)
* [[Jemur Island]] (Pak-ku) 北龜
* [[Sinaboi]] (Chiann-chui-kang; 正水港)
* [[Panipahan]] (Li-pa-ham : 籬笆蚶)
* [[Kubu, Riau|Kubu]]
* [[Tanah Putih]]
* [[Sungai Nyamuk]] (Tua-kang 大港)
* [[Pulau Halang]] (Si-Kak-Pa; 四角笆)
* [[Pulau Berkley]]
* [[Ujung Simbul]] (Chhau-Ta-Pa; 臭乾笆)
* [[Sungai Bakau]] (Tua-Pa 大笆)

==See also==
* [[Chinese Indonesian]]
* [[Riau]]
* [[Rokan Hilir]]
* [[Sinaboi]]
* [[Panipahan]]
* [[Pulau Jemur]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Riau}}

[[Category:Populated places in Riau]]
[[Category:Regency seats of Riau]]
[[Category:Port cities and towns in Indonesia]]
[[Category:Rokan basin]]