View source for Bücker Bü 131 Jungmann

{{short description|Military training aircraft by Bücker of Germany}}
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{{Infobox aircraft
 |name= Bü 131 Jungmann
 |image= File:Jungmann at Old Warden.jpg
 |caption=
 |manufacturer= [[Bücker Flugzeugbau]]
 |national_origin= Germany
 |type= [[trainer (aircraft)|Basic trainer]]
 |designer= {{ill|Carl Bücker|de|Carl Clemens Bücker}}
 |first_flight= 27 April 1934
 |introduction= 1935 (''Luftwaffe'')
 |retired= 1968 (Spanish Air Force)
 |status=
 |primary_user= ''[[Luftwaffe]]''
 |more_users= [[Spanish Air Force]] <br /> [[Imperial Japanese Army Air Service]]<br /> [[Royal Hungarian Air Force]]
 |produced= 1935–1945
 |number_built= around 5,000
 |variants=
 |developed_into= [[Bücker Bü 133 Jungmeister]]
}}

The '''Bücker Bü 131 ''Jungmann''''' (freshman, young man){{#tag:ref|Commonly translated as young man, but often used to refer to a freshman, or a member of an organization in their first year.<ref>Sarjeant 1971, p. 253.</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://en.langenscheidt.com/german-english/jungmann |title=German-English translation for "Jungmann" |quote=Jungmann m (Jungmann(e)s, Jungmänner): youngster, young man, recruit in his first year of service |work=en.langenscheidt.com |publisher=PONS |location=Stuttgart, Germany |date=1 January 2020 |access-date=2 March 2020}}</ref>|group=note}} is a basic [[biplane]] trainer aircraft designed and produced by the German aircraft manufacturer [[Bücker Flugzeugbau]]. It was the company's first aircraft,<ref name="Ketley and Rolfe"/> as well as being the final biplane to be produced in Germany.<ref name="Ketley and Rolfe"/>

On 27 April 1934, the first prototype Bü 131 performed its [[maiden flight]], which was roughly two years after the company had been founded in [[Johannisthal (Berlin)|Berlin-Johannisthal]] by Carl Bücker. Anders J. Andersson had led the aircraft's design effort. Comprising both metal and wooden construction, the Bü 131 was designed to be suitable in the [[Trainer aircraft|trainer]] role, and even to perform [[aerobatics|aerobatic manoeuvres]]. The first deliveries of the Bü 131 occurred in 1934, the ''[[German Air Sports Association|Deutscher Luftsportverband]]'' (DLV) being a key early customer for the type. Later on, the Bü 131B was selected as the primary basic trainer for the German ''[[Luftwaffe]]''. In this capacity, it was operated in large numbers throughout the [[Second World War]].

Throughout the 1930s, there had been substantial demand for the Bü 131, multiple large export orders and [[Licensed production|production licenses]] were issued as a result. The [[Kingdom of Yugoslavia]] was the largest pre-war export customer for the type, flying as many as 400 Bü 131s at one point.<ref name="Ketley and Rolfe"/> Hundreds were produced locally by the [[Spain|Spanish]] aircraft company [[CASA (aircraft manufacturer)|Construcciones Aeronáuticas SA]] (CASA). In excess of 1,300 Bü 131s were operated by the military air services of [[Imperial Japan]] under local designations of ''Kokusai Ki-86'' and ''Kyūshū K9W Momoji''.<ref name="Ketley and Rolfe"/> The Bü 131 remained operation with numerous air forces for decades after the conflict, some choosing to retain the type through to the late 1960s. It has proved to be a relatively popular biplane with private pilots, who have often elected to have their aircraft refitted with modern engines for increased performance.

==Development==
The origins of the Bü 131 can be traced back to the work of one man, Carl Bücker. After serving in the ''[[Kaiserliche Marine]]'' during the [[First World War]], Bücker relocated to [[Sweden]] and became the managing director of [[Svenska Aero]] AB (Not to be confused with ''Svenska Aeroplan AB'', [[Saab AB|SAAB]]). He later returned to Germany with Anders J. Andersson, a young designer from SAAB, and founded a new company, ''Bücker Flugzeugbau GmbH'', in [[Johannisthal (Berlin)|Berlin-Johannisthal]] during 1932.<ref name="Ketley and Rolfe">Ketley and Rolfe 1996, p. 12.</ref> From the onset, Anderson headed up the company's design team,{{#tag:ref|Anderson played a key leadership role in Bücker Flugzeugbau up until 1939 and the outbreak of the [[Second World War]].<ref name = "smithkay 91"/>|group=note}} and immediately set about developing the company's first aircraft, out of the efforts for which ultimately emerged the Bü 131.<ref name = "smithkay 91">Smith and Kay 1972, p. 91.</ref>

The aircraft was designed to be suitable for [[aerobatics|aerobatic manoeuvres]] and [[Trainer aircraft|training activities]].<ref name = "smithkay 91"/> It featured numerous conventional features for such aircraft at that time, being a [[biplane]] with two open cockpits in [[tandem]] along with fixed landing gear.<ref name = "smithkay 91"/><ref name="Ketley and Rolfe"/> Both the upper and lower wings were broadly identical in terms of design, to the extent that they could be readily interchanged with on another.<ref name="Ketley and Rolfe"/> Accordingly, all of the wings, which had an 11 degree [[swept wing|sweep back]] and positive stagger, were equipped with [[aileron]]s. The wings had a structure largely composed of I-section wooden [[Spar (aeronautics)|spar]]s along with a fabric covering.<ref name = "smithkay 91"/>

The fuselage of the Bü 131 comprised a structure of welded [[steel]] tubing, the covering of which was metal for the front section and [[fabric]] around the rear section. Both fuel and oil were accommodated in tanks within the fuselage.<ref name = "smithkay 91"/><ref name="Ketley and Rolfe"/> Hinged to the side of the fuselage was the twin main legs of the [[landing gear|undercarriage]], which were furnished with both spring and oil-based [[shock absorber]]s, while a spring tailwheel was also present on the underside of the aft fuselage. The mainwheels were outfitted with [[balloon tire|balloon tyre]]s and brakes.<ref name = "smithkay 91"/>

On 27 April 1934, the first prototype, ''D-3150'', performed its [[maiden flight]]; it was piloted by Joachim von Koppen.<ref name = "smithkay 91"/> Early aircraft were powered by a single [[Hirth HM 60|Hirth HM60R]] four-cylinder inverted air-cooled inline engine, capable of producing up to {{cvt|80|hp|}}.<ref name="Ketley and Rolfe"/> Initial deliveries to customers commenced later that same year, making it the company's first aircraft to attain production status.<ref name = "smithkay 91"/><ref name="Ketley and Rolfe"/> It would ultimately be the final biplane to be manufactured in quantity within Germany.<ref name="Ketley and Rolfe"/>

During 1936, production was transitioned to a revised model, designated ''Bü 131B''. This model featured a more powerful Hirth [[Hirth HM 504|504A-2]], which could produce up to {{cvt|105|hp}}.<ref name="Ketley and Rolfe"/><ref name = "smithkay 91"/> The ''Bü 131C'' model, which never entered quantity production, was powered by the British [[Blackburn Cirrus Minor]], capable of up to {{cvt|80|hp|}}.<ref name = "smithkay 9192">Smith and Kay 1972, pp. 91-92.</ref>

Due to the copious demand for the type, multiple companies were granted [[Licensed production|licenses to produce]] the Bü 131. One such license was secured by the rival German manufacturer [[Dornier Flugzeugwerke|Dornier]], which built 88 aircraft of the 94 ultimately operated by [[Switzerland]].<ref name="Ketley and Rolfe"/> Eleven aircraft (one prototype and ten production aircraft) were built as the ''T 131'' in [[Czechoslovakia]] by [[Tatra (company)#Tatra aircraft|Ringhoffer-Tatra]] prior to [[Occupation of Czechoslovakia (1938–1945)|the German occupation of Czechoslovakia in 1938]], with further aircraft under production being completed for the Germany before Tatra was ordered to cease aircraft production.<ref name="l+k78p951">Soukup 1978, p. 951</ref> While Tatra was ordered to stop production by the German occupiers, the [[Prague]]-based aircraft manufacturer [[Aero Vodochody|Aero]], was assigned to build the Bu-131D-2 for the ''Luftwaffe'', with production reaching 24 per month. Production at Aero continued until September 1940, before the factory transitioned to production of the [[Focke-Wulf Fw 189 Uhu]],<ref name="l+k78p951"/> with about 300 built.<ref name="profp263">Sargeant 1971, p. 263</ref> Perhaps the most ambitious licensee was the [[Spain|Spanish]] aircraft company [[CASA (aircraft manufacturer)|Construcciones Aeronáuticas SA]] (CASA), which ultimately locally produced roughly 530 aircraft until the line was finally closed down sometime in the early 1960s.<ref name="Ketley and Rolfe"/>

In 1945, Aero restarted production of the Bü 131 to meet the needs of the Czechoslovak Air Force for training aircraft. Initial production, designated the Aero C-4, was powered by the Hirth HM 504A engine, with deliveries starting in April 1946.<ref name="l+k78p951,3">Soukup 1978, pp. 951, 953</ref> After building 20–30 C-4s, production switched to the Aero C-104, powered by the Czechoslovak [[Walter Minor 4-III]] engine.<ref name="l+k78p951"/> Production continued until 1949,<ref name="l+k78p951"/> with 260 built.<ref name="profp269">Sargeant 1971, p. 269</ref>

==Operational history==
[[File:Kokusai Ki-86A trainer in 1945.jpeg|thumb|A Japanese Kokusai Ki-86A in 1945.]]
Being both a sturdy and agile aircraft, the Bü 131A was first delivered to the ''[[German Air Sports Association|Deutscher Luftsportverband]]'' (DLV) during 1934.<ref name="Ketley and Rolfe"/> Shortly thereafter, the Bü 131B was selected as the primary basic trainer for the German ''[[Luftwaffe]]''.<ref name="Ketley and Rolfe"/> During the [[Second World War]], the aircraft served with nearly all of the ''Luftwaffe''{{'}}s primary flying schools, as well as with night harassment units such as ''Nachtschlacht Gruppen'' (NSGr) 2, 11, and 12.<ref name="Ketley and Rolfe"/> During the latter half of the conflict, the Bü 131 was gradually supplanted by the [[Bücker Bü 181 Bestmann]], a newer [[monoplane]] trainer.<ref name = "smithkay 92">Smith and Kay 1972, p. 92.</ref>

Prior to the outbreak of war, the [[Kingdom of Yugoslavia]] was the leading export customer for the type; it has been claimed that as many as 400 Bü 131s may have found their way there.<ref name="Ketley and Rolfe"/> Another pre-war operator was the [[Kingdom of Bulgaria]], which had 15 aircraft, while the [[Kingdom of Romania]] procured around 40 Bü 131s.<ref name="Ketley and Rolfe"/><ref name = "smithkay 92"/>

The Bü 131 was also widely used by [[Imperial Japan]], where they were normally equipped with locally built ''Hatsukaze'' engines. 1,037 aircraft were built under the ''Kokusai Ki-86'' designation for the [[Imperial Japanese Army Air Service]] while a further 339 aircraft were produced as the ''Kyūshū K9W Momoji'' for the [[Imperial Japanese Navy Air Service]].<ref name="Ketley and Rolfe"/><ref name = "smithkay 92"/>

During the post-war era, the type continued to be flown by several operators. Most substantially, the Bü 131 remained the primary basic trainer of the  [[Spanish Air Force]] through to 1968.<ref name="Ketley and Rolfe"/> The Czechoslovak C-4 and C-104 were used to equip the Czechoslovak military air academy, and from 1947, aircraft were released to civilian use.<ref name="l+k78p951"/> In the 1950s, C-104s were phased out of Czechoslovak Air Force duties, being transferred to aeroclubs, with the last aircraft being retired from [[Svazarm]] flying clubs in 1964.<ref name="l+k78p952"/> 

In the 1960s and early 1970s, the Spanish, Swiss, and Czech governments disposed their Bü 131s, often to private owners, leading to numerous aircraft being exported to the United States. About 200 Bü 131 survived through to the twenty-first century, although many of these have been outfitted with newer engines such as the {{cvt|150|hp}} [[Lycoming O-320]] or {{cvt|180|hp}} [[Lycoming O-360]] four-cylinder [[horizontally-opposed engine]]s, which have inverted fuel and oil systems for aerobatic flight.{{CN|date=February 2024}} Well known aerobatic pilot Marion Cole flew a Bucker Jungman fitted with a Lycoming IO-360 with an inverted fuel system in many airshows and in the World Championship held in East Germany in 1968 as a member of the American Team.

The Bü 131 has often been praised for its outstanding handling characteristics when compared to other biplanes and even some modern aerobatic types. Upkeep and maintenance for the Jungmann is comparable to other antique aircraft and is often superior when fitted with the Lycoming engines. Airframe parts are available from sources in Europe.{{CN|date=February 2024}}

During 1994, the Bü 131 was briefly restored to production using leftover CASA [[Jig (tool)|jig]]s by Bücker Prado in Spain, resulting in 21 aircraft being constructed as the ''BP 131''.<ref name="Ketley and Rolfe"/> Also in the 1990s, Janusz Karasiewicz also started production of a derivative of the Bü 131 in Poland, basing the aircraft on original Czech design information.<ref name="Janes 03 p344-5">Jackson 2003, pp. 344–345.</ref> A total of 20 aircraft were reportedly manufactured in Poland between 1994 and 2000.<ref name=morg>Morgała, Andrzej Morgała (2003). ''Samoloty wojskowe w Polsce 1924–1939''. Warsaw: Bellona, p. 316. {{ISBN|83-11-09319-9}} (in Polish)</ref>

==Variants==
[[File:CASA 1-131E Jungmann.JPG|thumb|Spanish built CASA 1.131 still being flown]]
[[File:Lycoming Powered Bucker Jungmanns.JPG|thumb|Lycoming-powered Bü 131s in the US]]
;Bü 131A
: Two-seat primary trainer biplane. Initial production version.
;Bü 131B
: Improved version, powered by the more powerful [[Hirth HM 504]]A-2 piston engine.
;Bü 131C
: Experimental version, fitted with {{cvt|90|hp}} [[Blackburn Cirrus Minor|Cirrus Minor]] piston engine. One built.
;Nippon Kokusai Ki-86A Army Type 4 Primary Trainer
: Japanese production version for the [[Imperial Japanese Army Air Service]]. Powered by a [[Hitachi Ha47]]
;Nippon Kokusai Ki-86B Army Type 4 Primary Trainer
:Wooden airframe version to relieve scarce supplies of [[strategic material]]s.
;Kyūshū K9W1 ''Momiji'' Navy Type 2 Trainer Model 11
: Japanese production version for the [[Imperial Japanese Navy]]. Powered by the [[Hitachi GK4A Hatsukaze 11]]
;Tatra T.131
: Czechoslovakia, pre-war licence production by [[Tatra (company)|Ringhoffer-Tatra]] in [[Kopřivnice]].
;Aero C-4
: Mass-produced in Aero factory in occupied Czechoslovakia during wartime under original Bücker Bü 131B designation, used postwar with original Hirth engine.
;Aero C-104
: Czechoslovakia, postwar development with a Walter Minor 4-III engine, 260 built.
;CASA 1.131
: Spanish license-built versions with Hirth HM 504 or {{convert|125|hp|kW|abbr=on}} [[Elizalde Tigre IV|ENMA Tigre G-IVA]].<ref>Sarjeant 1971, p. 256.</ref>
;BP 131
: modern license-built version
;SSH T-131P
: Pre-production modern Polish version, powered by {{cvt|78|kW}} [[Walter Minor]] 4-III engine. Four built from 1994.<ref name="Janes 03 p344-5"/>
;SSH T-131PA
:Main Polish production version, with {{cvt|103|kW}} [[Avia M332|LOM M332AK]] engine. First flew 1995.<ref name="Janes 03 p344-5"/> Three preproduction built 2012 and 29 series production aircraft by 2022.<ref name="simpgenp20">Simpson, Longley & Swan 2022, p. 20.</ref>

==Operators==
[[File:Tatra_T.131_photo_Le_Pontentiel_Aérien_Mondial_1936.jpg|thumb|Tatra T.131 photo from Le Pontentiel Aérien Mondial 1936]]
[[File:Swiss Air Force Bücker Bü 131 seen from below.jpg|thumb|A [[Swiss Air Force]] Bü 131 B.]]
[[File:Jungmann looping.jpg|thumb|right|Jungmann G-RETA of the [[Shuttleworth Trust]] enters a loop]]

;{{BUL}}
* [[Bulgarian Air Force]]
;{{CZS}}
* [[Czechoslovak Air Force]]<ref name="l+k78p951"/>
* [[Sbor národní bezpečnosti]] (Czechoslovak national security guard)<ref name="l+k78p951"/>
* [[Svazarm]]<ref name="l+k78p952">Soukup 1978, p. 952</ref>
;{{flag|Independent State of Croatia}}
* ''[[Air Force of the Independent State of Croatia|Zrakoplovstvo Nezavisne Države Hrvatske]]''
;{{flag|Germany|Nazi}}
* ''[[Luftwaffe]]''
;{{flag|Greece|old}}
* [[Hellenic Air Force]]
;{{flag|Hungary|1920}}
* [[Royal Hungarian Air Force]]
;{{JPN}}
* [[Imperial Japanese Army Air Service]] 
* [[Imperial Japanese Navy Air Service]]
;{{LTU}}
* [[Aeroclub of Lithuania]]
;{{NLD}}
* [[Royal Netherlands Air Force]]
;{{POL}}
* [[Polish Air Force]] (1 bought for tests before 1939)<ref name=morg/>
;{{flag|Romania}}
* [[Royal Romanian Air Force]]
*[[Romanian Air Force]]
;{{flag|Slovakia|1939}}
* [[Slovak Air Force (1939–1945)]]
;{{flag|South Africa|1928}}
* [[South African Air Force]]
;{{flag|Spain|1938}}
* [[Spanish Air Force]]
;{{SUI}}
* [[Swiss Air Force]]
;{{flag|Kingdom of Yugoslavia}}
* [[Yugoslav Royal Air Force]]
;{{YUG}}
* [[SFR Yugoslav Air Force]]

==Specifications (Bü 131B)==
[[File:Bücker Bü 131 img 0513.jpg|thumb|a 1938 Bü 131]]
[[File:Bucker Bu 131B.jpg|thumb|Bücker Bü 131B Jungmann <br />([[Polish Aviation Museum]])]]
{{Aircraft specs
|ref= ''Jane's Fighting Aircraft of World War II''<ref name='jane'>Bridgeman 1946, p. 158.</ref>
|prime units?= met
<!--
        General characteristics
-->
|crew= 2
|length m= 6.62
|length note=
|span m= 7.4
|span note=
|height m= 2.25
|height note=
|wing area sqm= 13.5
|wing area note=
|aspect ratio=<!-- sailplanes -->
|airfoil= [[NACA airfoil|NACA 3410.5]]<ref name="Selig">{{cite web |last1=Lednicer |first1=David |title=The Incomplete Guide to Airfoil Usage |url=https://m-selig.ae.illinois.edu/ads/aircraft.html |website=m-selig.ae.illinois.edu |access-date=16 April 2019}}</ref>
|empty weight kg= 380
|empty weight note=
|gross weight kg= 670
|gross weight note=
|max takeoff weight kg=
|max takeoff weight note=
|fuel capacity=
|more general=
<!--
        Powerplant
-->
|eng1 number= 1
|eng1 name= [[Hirth HM 504]]
|eng1 type= four-cylinder inverted air-cooled in-line piston engine
|eng1 kw=<!-- prop engines -->
|eng1 hp= 100
|eng1 note=

|prop blade number= 2<!-- propeller aircraft -->
|prop name= fixed-pitch propeller
|prop dia m=<!-- propeller aircraft -->
|prop dia note=
<!--
        Performance
-->
|max speed kmh= 183
|max speed note=
|cruise speed kmh= 170
|cruise speed note=<br/>
* '''Landing speed:''' {{cvt|82|km/h|mph kn}}
|stall speed kmh=
|stall speed note=
|never exceed speed kmh=
|never exceed speed note=
|range km= 650
|range note=
|combat range km=
|combat range note=
|ferry range km=
|ferry range note=
|endurance=<!-- if range unknown -->
|ceiling m= 4,300
|ceiling note=
|g limits=<!-- aerobatic -->
|roll rate=<!-- aerobatic -->
|climb rate ms=
|climb rate note=
|time to altitude= {{cvt|1000|m}} in five minutes and 12 seconds
::::{{cvt|2000|m}} in 12 minutes
::::{{cvt|3000|m}} in 23 minutes
::::{{cvt|4000|m}} in 45 minutes

|wing loading kg/m2= 46.3
|wing loading note=
|fuel consumption kg/km=
|power/mass= {{cvt|0.073|hp/lb|order=flip}}
|more performance=
}}

==See also==
[[File:ShuttleworthJungmann.jpg|thumb|[[Shuttleworth Collection|Shuttleworth]]'s Jungmann ''G-RETA'' at [[Old Warden]]]]
{{aircontent
|related=
* [[Bücker Bü 133 Jungmeister]]
* [[B&F Fk131 Bücker Jungmann]] – a 21st-century replica aircraft
|similar aircraft=
* [[Boeing-Stearman Model 75]]
* [[de Havilland Tiger Moth]]
* [[Fleet Finch]]
* [[Great Lakes Sport Trainer]]
* [[Repülőgépgyár Levente II]]
* [[Stampe-Vertongen SV.4]]
* [[Polikarpov Po-2]]
* [[RWD 8]]
|lists=
* [[List of interwar military aircraft]]
* [[List of military aircraft of Germany]]
}}

==References==
{{Commons category}}

===Notes===
{{Reflist|group=note}}

===Citations===
{{Reflist}}

===Bibliography===
* {{cite book |last = Bridgeman |first = Leonard |title = The Bücker Bü 131B 'Jungmann': Jane's Fighting Aircraft of World War II |location = London, UK |publisher = Studio |year = 1946 |language = en-gb |isbn = 1-85170-493-0 }}
* {{cite magazine |last = Gerdessen |first = Frederik |title = Estonian Air Power 1918 – 1945 |magazine = Air Enthusiast |number = 18 |date = April–July 1982 |pages = 61–76 |language = en-gb |issn = 0143-5450 }}
* {{cite book |last = Jackson |first = Paul |title = Jane's All The World's Aircraft 2003–2004 |location = Coulsdon, UK |publisher = Jane's Information Group |year = 2003 |language = en-gb |isbn = 0-7106-2537-5 }}
* {{cite book |last1 = Ketley |first1 = Barry |last2 = Rolfe |first2 = Mark |title = Luftwaffe Fledglings 1935–1945: Luftwaffe Training Units and their Aircraft |location = Aldershot, UK |publisher = Hikoki Publications |year = 1996 |language = en-gb |isbn = 0-9519899-2-8 }}
* {{cite book |last = König |first = Erwin |title = Bücker Bü 131 "Jungmann" (Flugzeug Profile 27) D-86669 |location = Stengelheim, Germany |publisher = Unitec Medienvertrieb e.K. |language = de}}
* {{cite book |last = König |first = Erwin |title = Die Bücker-Flugzeuge (The Bücker Aircraft) |location = Martinsried, Germany |publisher = Nara Verlag |year = 1987 |language = de |isbn = 3-925671-00-5 }}
* {{cite book |last = König |first = Erwin |title = Die Bückers, Die Geschichte der ehemaligen Bücker-Flugzeugbau-GmbH und ihrer Flugzeuge |year = 1979 |language = de}}
* {{cite journal |last1 = Kulikov |first1 = Victor |title = Des occasions en or pour Staline, ou les avions allemands en URSS |journal = Avions: Toute l'Aéronautique et son histoire |date = March 2000 |issue = 84 |pages = 16–23 |trans-title = Golden Opportunities for Stalin, or German Aircraft in the USSR |language = fr |issn = 1243-8650 }}
* {{cite journal |last1 = Kulikov |first1 = Victor |title = Des occasions en or pour Staline, ou les avions allemands en URSS |journal = Avions: Toute l'Aéronautique et son histoire |date = April 2000 |issue = 85 |pages = 44–49 |language = fr |issn = 1243-8650 }}
* {{cite book |last = Mondey |first = David |title = The Hamlyn Concise Guide to Axis Aircraft of World War II |location = London, UK |publisher = Chancellor Press Ltd |year = 2006 |language = en-gb |isbn = 1-85152-966-7 }}
* {{cite book |last = Sarjeant |first = L. F. |title = Bücker Bü 131 Jungmann (Aircraft in Profile 222) |location = Windsor, Berkshire, UK |publisher = Profile Publications |language = en-gb |year = 1971 }}
* {{cite book |last1 = Simpson |first1 = Rod |last2 = Longley |first2 = Pete |last3 = Swan |first3 = Robert |title = The General Aviation Handbook: A Guide to Millennial General Aviation Manufacturers and their Aircraft |year = 2022 |location = Tonbridge, Kent, UK |publisher = Air-Britain (Trading) Limited |language = en-gb |isbn = 978-0-85130-562-2}}
* {{cite book |last = Sinnhuber |first = Karl |title = Salzburg To Stalingrad |location = UK |publisher = Milton Keynes |year = 2012 |language = en-gb |isbn = 978-1-4717-0222-8}}
* {{cite book |last1 = Smith |first1 = John Richard |first2 = Anthony L. |last2 = Kay |first3 = Eddie J. |last3 = Creek |title = German Aircraft of the Second World War |location = London, UK |publisher = Putnam and Company Ltd. |year = 1972 |language = en-gb |isbn = 978-1-55750-010-6}}
* {{cite magazine |last=Soukup |first=Oldřich |title=Monografie: Aero C-4 & C-104 |magazine=Letectví a Kosmonautika |year=1978 |issue=24 |pages=951–954 |language=cs}}
* {{cite book |last = Wietstruk |first = Siegfried |title = Bücker-Flugzeugbau, Die Geschichte eines Flugzeugwerkes D-82041 |location = Oberhaching, Germany |publisher = Aviatik Verlag |year = 1999 |language = de |isbn = 3-925505-28-8 }}
* {{cite book |last1 = Wood |first1 = Tony |last2 = Gunston |first2 = Bill |title = Hitler's Luftwaffe: A Pictorial History and Technical Encyclopedia of Hitler's Air Power in World War II |location = London, UK |publisher = Salamander Books Ltd. |year = 1977 |pages = 139 |language = en-gb |isbn = 0-86101-005-1 }}

{{Navboxes
|title=Articles and topics related to the Bücker Bü 131 Jungmann
|state=collapsed
|list1=
{{Bücker aircraft}}
{{CASA aircraft}}
{{Kyushu aircraft}}
{{RLM aircraft designations}}
{{Japanese Navy short aircraft designations}}
{{Imperial Japanese Navy official aircraft names}}
{{Allied reporting names}}
{{Czech trainer aircraft}}
}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Bucker Bu 131}}
[[Category:Biplanes]]
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[[Category:1930s German military trainer aircraft]]
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[[Category:Aircraft first flown in 1934]]
[[Category:Aircraft with fixed conventional landing gear]]
[[Category:Single-engined piston aircraft]]