View source for Avro 643 Cadet

{{Short description|Avro training aircraft}}
<!-- This article is a part of [[Wikipedia:WikiProject Aircraft]]. Please see [[Wikipedia:WikiProject Aircraft/page content]] for recommended layout. -->
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2017}}
{{Use British English|date=May 2017}}
{{Infobox aircraft
  |name = Cadet
  |image = Avro Cadet.jpg
  |caption = RAAF Avro Cadets
  |type = Trainer
  |manufacturer = [[Avro]]
  |designer = 
  |first_flight = October 1931
  |introduction = 1932
  |retired = 
  |status =
  |primary_user = 
  |more_users = 
  |produced = 1932–1939
  |number_built = 104
  |developed_from = [[Avro Tutor]] 
  |variants = [[Avro 638|Avro 638 Club Cadet]] 
}}

The '''Avro Cadet''' is a single-engined [[United Kingdom|British]] [[biplane]] [[Trainer (aircraft)|trainer]] designed and built by [[Avro]] in the 1930s as a smaller development of the [[Avro Tutor]] for civil use.

==Design and development==
The '''Avro 631 Cadet''' was developed in 1931 as a smaller, more economical, derivative of the [[Avro Tutor|Tutor]] military trainer, for flying club or personal use. The first prototype, ''G-ABRS'' flew in October 1931.<ref name="jackson avro">{{cite book |last= Jackson|first= A J |title=Avro Aircraft since 1908 |edition= 2nd|year= 1990 |publisher= Putnam Aeronautical Books|location= London |isbn= 0-85177-834-8}}</ref> It was publicly unveiled at the opening of Skegness airfield in May 1932, although by this time, the first orders for the type, for the Irish Army Air Corps, had already been placed and the order (for six Cadets) delivered.

The Avro 631 Cadet was replaced in production in September 1934<ref name="jacksonv1">{{cite book |last= Jackson|first= A.J.|title= British Civil Aircraft since 1919 Volume 1|year= 1974|publisher= Putnam|location= London|isbn=0-370-10006-9 }}</ref>
by the improved '''Avro 643 Cadet''', which had a revised rear fuselage with a raised rear seat, retaining the 135&nbsp;hp (101&nbsp;kW) [[Armstrong Siddeley Genet Major]] 1 engine of the Avro 631. In turn, this formed the basis for the more powerful '''Avro 643 Mk II Cadet'''; it was also strengthened and had improved parachute egress. This model entered service in 1935, and was built in the largest numbers, including 34 fitted with a tailwheel for the [[Royal Australian Air Force]].<ref name="jackson avro"/>

==Operational history==
The Cadet, while smaller and more economical than the Tutor, was still more expensive to run than competing two-seat light civil aircraft and was harder to [[hangar]] because of its lack of [[folding wing]]s, so it was used mainly as a trainer for flying schools or the military. By far, the largest civil user was [[Air Service Training Ltd]], which operated 17 Avro 631s at [[Hamble-le-Rice|Hamble]], together with a further four operated by its [[Hong Kong]] subsidiary, the Far East Aviation Co. Air Service Training also operated 23 Mk II Cadets, with both these and the earlier Cadets remaining in service with Reserve Training Schools run by Air Service Training until they were impressed as ATC instructional airframes in 1941.<ref name="jackson avro"/>

The other major operator was the RAAF, which acquired 34 Mk II Cadets, delivered between November 1935 and February 1939.<ref name="jackson avro"/> These remained in service until 1946, when the surviving 16 were sold for civil use.<ref name="jacksonv1"/> Two of these were re-engined in 1963 with 220&nbsp;hp (160&nbsp;kW) [[Jacobs R-755]] engines for use as crop sprayers. In the UK, only two Cadets survived the war.

==Variants==
;Avro 631 Cadet
:Initial version, powered by [[Armstrong Siddeley Genet Major]] I engine, 35 built.
;Avro 643 Cadet
:Raised rear seat, eight built.
;Avro 643 Cadet II
:Powered by 150&nbsp;hp (110&nbsp;kW) Genet Major 1A, 61 built.

==Operators==
[[File:Avro cadet trainer A6-23 from The Powerhouse Museum.jpg|thumb|right|250px|An [[RAAF]] Avro Mk II Cadet built in Manchester, UK (despite the signboard) and erected in [[Australia]]]]

===Civil operators===
;{{UK}}
*[[Air Service Training Ltd]]

===Military operators===
;{{AUS}}
*[[Royal Australian Air Force]] operated 34 Avro 643 MkII Cadet.<ref name="Wilson">{{cite book|last1=Wilson|first1=Stewart|title=Military Aircraft of Australia|date=1994|publisher=Aerospace Publications|location=Weston Creek, Australia|isbn=1875671080|pages=216}}</ref>
;{{IRL}}
*[[Irish Air Corps]] operated seven Avro 631 Cadets.
;{{POR}}
*[[Portuguese Air Force]]
;{{China as ROC}}
*[[Chinese Nationalist Air Force]] – China had five Avro 631 deployed at [[Liuzhou]] Aviation School during the [[Second Sino-Japanese War]], all of which were lost due to Japanese bombing in 1939.
;{{flag|Spain|1931}}
*[[Spanish Republican Air Force]]<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.zi.ku.dk/personal/drnash/model/spain/did.html |title=Aircraft that took part in the Spanish Civil War |access-date=18 November 2010 |archive-date=5 February 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150205085135/http://www.zi.ku.dk/personal/drnash/model/Spain/did.html |url-status=dead }}</ref>

==Survivors==

* There are three Cadets flying in Australia (''VH-AEJ'', ''VH-AGH'' and ''VH-PRT'')
* There is one in Ireland (the last of the Irish Air Corps machines, though home after a long tour of duty via the U.K. and New Zealand as ''ZK-AVR'')
* One reputed airworthy Cadet is on display in the Museu do Ar, Portugal.
* A former Australian Air Force A6-25 is airworthy as NX643AV at [[Kermit Weeks|Kermit Weeks']] [[Fantasy of Flight]] in Polk City, Florida.
* A former Australian Air Force A6-34, ex VH-RUO, is on static display at the RAAF Museum in Point Cook.

==Specifications (Avro 643 Mk II Cadet)==
[[File:Avro_631_Cadet_3-view_NACA-AC-161.png|thumb|Avro 631 Cadet 3-view drawing from NACA-AC-161]]
{{Aircraft specs
|ref=Avro Aircraft since 1908 <ref name="jackson avro"/> 
|prime units?=imp
<!--
        General characteristics
-->
|crew=2
|length ft=24
|length in=9
|length note=
|span ft=30
|span in=2
|span note=
|height ft=8
|height in=10
|height note=
|wing area sqft=
|wing area note=
|aspect ratio=<!-- sailplanes -->
|airfoil=
|empty weight lb=1286
|empty weight note=
|gross weight lb=2000
|gross weight note=
|max takeoff weight lb=
|max takeoff weight note=
|fuel capacity=
|more general=
<!--
        Powerplant
-->
|eng1 number=1
|eng1 name=[[Armstrong Siddeley Genet Major 1A]]
|eng1 type=5-cylinder air-cooled radial piston engine
|eng1 hp=150
|eng1 note=

|prop blade number=2
|prop name=fixed-pitch propeller
|prop dia ft=<!-- propeller aircraft -->
|prop dia in=<!-- propeller aircraft -->
|prop dia note=
<!--
        Performance
-->
|max speed mph=116
|max speed note=
|cruise speed mph=100
|cruise speed note=
|stall speed mph=
|stall speed note=
|never exceed speed mph=
|never exceed speed note=
|range miles=325
|range note=
|ferry range miles=
|ferry range note=
|endurance=<!-- if range unknown -->
|ceiling ft=12000
|ceiling note=
|climb rate ftmin=700
|climb rate note=
|time to altitude=
|wing loading lb/sqft=7.63
|wing loading note=
|fuel consumption lb/mi=
|power/mass={{cvt|0.075|hp/lb}}
|more performance=
}}

==See also==
{{aircontent
<!-- include as many lines are appropriate. additional lines/entries with carriage return. -->
|related=
* [[Avro Tutor]]: Cadet developed from this
* [[Avro 638|Avro 638 Club Cadet]]: developed Cadet with folding wings
|similar aircraft=<!-- similar or comparable aircraft -->
|sequence=<!-- designation sequence, if appropriate -->
|lists=*[[List of Interwar military aircraft]]
*[[List of aircraft of the Spanish Republican Air Force]]<!-- related lists -->
|see also=<!-- other relevant information -->
}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==Bibliography==
*{{cite journal |last1=Lopes|first1=Mario C.|title=Les avions Avro au Portugal: des inconnu aux plus célèbres|journal=Avions: Toute l'Aéronautique et Son Histoire |date=January 2000 |issue=82 |pages=28–33 |trans-title=Portuguese Avro Aircraft: From the Unknown to the Most Famous|language=French |issn=1243-8650}}

==External links==
{{commons category|Avro 643 Cadet}}
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20070901132400/http://www.raaf.gov.au/raafmuseum/exhibitions/hangar180/avro.htm RAAF Museum]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20070930153902/http://www.britishaircraft.co.uk/aircraftpage.php?ID=254 Avro Cadet] – British Aircraft Directory
*[http://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/1932/1932%20-%200269.html "The Avro 631 'Cadet'"] a 1932 ''Flight'' article

{{Avro aircraft}}
{{ADF aircraft designations}}

[[Category:1930s British civil trainer aircraft]]
[[Category:Avro aircraft|Cadet]]
[[Category:Single-engined tractor aircraft]]
[[Category:Biplanes]]
[[Category:Aircraft first flown in 1931]]
[[Category:Aircraft with fixed conventional landing gear]]