View source for Auxiliary repair dock

{{Short description|Floating drydock}}
An '''auxiliary repair dock''' (ARD) is a type of floating drydock employed by the [[U.S. Navy]], especially during [[World War II]]. The Navy commissioned 33 ARD vessels: ARD-1 through ARD-33. ARDs were self-sustaining in [[World War II]]. ARDs have a [[rudder]] to help in tow moving, making ARDs very mobile, and have a [[Bow (ship)|bow]] to cut through waves. ARDs have a [[stern]] that can be opened or closed. The stern can be closed with bottom-hinged flap gate, operated by hydraulic rams. This stern gate can be lowered for ship entrance into the submerged dock, and then closed to keep out waves. ARDs were built by the [[Pacific Bridge Company]], in [[Alameda, California]]. 
[[File:USSARD1undertowUSSBridgeAF1PanamaCanal28October1934.jpg|thumb|right|USS ''ARD-1'' under tow by [[USS Bridge (AF-1)|USS ''Bridge'']] 28 October 1934. ]]
[[File:USS_Waterford.jpg|right|thumb|{{USS|Waterford|ARD-5}}]]
[[File:ARD6DutchHarborAK_S46.jpg|thumb|right|ARD-6 submerged at [[Dutch Harbor]] [[Alaska]] with Sub [[USS S-46 (SS-157)|USS ''S-46'']] for repair 1944 ]]
[[file:ARD29_floating_repair_dry_dock.jpg|right|thumb|{{USS|Arco|ARD-29}} a land drydocked at Naval Shipyard Pearl Harbor in Drydock Number Four for repairs in April 1951.]]
[[file:Alamogordo_(ARDM-2).jpg|right|thumb|{{USS|Alamogordo|ARDM-2}} at anchor on the Cooper River, Charleston, SC]]
[[File:ARD20_floating_repair_dry_dock.jpg|right|thumb|{{USS|White Sands|ARD-20}}]]

== Primary use == 
The ''Auxiliary repair dock'' was a type of [[Auxiliary floating drydock]], which could, by design, provide drydock facilities to damaged Navy vessels. Floating drydocks of this type were approximately {{convert|500|ft|m|adj=on}} long and weighted about 5,000 tons. The first auxiliary repair dock was the [[USS ARD-1|USS ''ARD-1'']], built by the Pacific Bridge Company and completed in September 1934. ''ARD-1'' was 393 feet and 6 inches (119.94 m) long, and could lift 2200 tons. ''ARD-1'' was so successful that 30 ARDs were built, most completed between 1942 and 1944. ''ARD-2'' and the next five ARD docks were larger at 3500 tons. and 485'8" (148.0m) long. ''ARD-1'' was taken to a forward Naval base at [[Kerama Retto]], [[Okinawa Island]], to repair the many ships damaged by kamikaze attacks. ARD-1 made many temporary repairs to get ships back into action. Many other ARDs joined ''ARD-1'' in this important task. This minimized the time ships were out of action for repairs.<ref>Popular Science Feb 1937, page 43</ref><ref>[https://www.ibiblio.org/hyperwar/USN/Building_Bases/bases-9.html HyperWar: US navy, Building the Navy's Bases in World War II Chapter IX Floating Drydocks, page 209]</ref><ref>[http://pwencycl.kgbudge.com/F/l/Floating_Dry_Docks.htm The Pacific War Online Encyclopedia, Floating Dry Docks]</ref><ref>Bureau of Ships Journal, Volume 1, May 1953, page 4.</ref><ref>[https://sites.rootsweb.com/~chute/service.htm rootsweb.com, Wayne Loyd Chute]</ref><ref>[http://www.navsource.org/archives/09/67/67101.htm navsource, USS ''ARD-1'']</ref>

== Drydock facility ==
Floating drydocks, both ARDs and some other types, are capable of flooding themselves to partially submerge underwater, opening up a stern door to permit a damaged vessel to enter. Once the damaged vessel was above the floating drydock, the door was closed and water was pumped out of the floating drydock, permitting repair work to be performed on the damaged vessel. Such work in battle areas was often of a temporary nature, primarily to return the damaged vessel to seaworthy condition.

Once the damaged vessel was sufficiently repaired, the floating drydock was flooded, the door opened, and the repaired vessel allowed to depart for further duty or assignment.

== Personnel capabilities ==
While the damaged vessel was being repaired, the drydock was capable of providing the crew of the damaged ship with temporary necessities, such as meals, laundry, some supplies, and, in a limited number of cases, berthing for crew members. (When possible, the crew of the damaged ship remained on their ship while structural repair was being accomplished.)

==Ships in class==
*    {{USS|ARD-1}}  (displacement of 2200 tons) (Built in 1933) (only one in class) <ref>[http://www.navsource.org/archives/09/67/67101.htm navsource, USS ''ARD-1'']</ref>
*    USS ''ARD-2''     sold in 1963 <ref>[http://www.navsource.org/archives/09/67/67102.htm navsource, USS ''ARD-2'']</ref>
*    USS ''ARD-3''  sold 1999 <ref>[http://www.navsource.org/archives/09/67/67103.htm navsource, USS ''ARD-3'']</ref>
*    USS ''ARD-4''   sold 1961  <ref>[http://www.navsource.org/archives/09/67/67104.htm navsource, USS ''ARD-4'']</ref>
**            ''ARD-2-class 410 feet long, 49 feet, 4 inches wide, ARD-5 to 11:''  
*    [[USS Waterford (ARD-5)|USS ''Waterford'' (ARD-5)]]  <ref>[http://www.navsource.org/archives/09/67/6705.htm navsource, USS ''ARD-5'']</ref>
*    USS ''ARD-6''  sold 1961 <ref>[http://www.navsource.org/archives/09/67/67106.htm navsource, USS ''ARD-6'']</ref>
*    USS ''West Milton'' (ARD-7)  Scrapped in 1992 <ref>[http://www.navsource.org/archives/09/67/6707.htm USS ''ARD-7'']</ref>
*    USS ''ARD-8''  sold 1961 <ref>[http://www.navsource.org/archives/09/67/6708.htm navsource, USS ''ARD-8'']</ref>
*    {{USS|ARD-9}}  sold 1977 <ref>[http://www.navsource.org/archives/09/67/6709.htm navsource, ARD-9]</ref>
*    {{USS|ARD-10}}  sold, scrapped in 2014 <ref>[http://www.navsource.org/archives/09/67/6710.htm navsource, ARD-10]</ref>
*    USS ''ARD-11''  sold 1977 <ref>[http://www.navsource.org/archives/09/67/6711.htm navsource, ARD-11]</ref>
**  ''ARD-2-class wide: 410 feet long, 49 feet, 4 inches 59 feet, 3 inches wide, ARD 12 to 32:''
*    USS ''ARD-12''  sold  1987 <ref>[http://www.navsource.org/archives/09/67/6712.htm ARD-12]</ref>
*    USS ''ARD-13'' sold 1977 <ref>[http://www.navsource.org/archives/09/67/6713.htm ARD-13]</ref>
*    USS ''ARD-14'' sold 1980 <ref>[http://www.navsource.org/archives/09/67/6714.htm navsource, USS ''ARD-14'']</ref>
*    USS ''ARD-15''  sold 1971 <ref>[http://www.navsource.org/archives/09/67/6715.htm USS ''ARD-15'']</ref>
*    USS ''ARD-16''  by Pacific Bridge, sold moved to Mobile AL <ref>[http://www.navsource.org/archives/09/67/6716.htm navsource, USS ''ARD-16'']</ref>
*    {{USS|ARD-17}} sold 1971 <ref>[http://www.navsource.org/archives/09/67/6717.htm USS ''ARD-17'']</ref>
*    [[USS Endurance (ARDM-3)|USS ''Endurance'' ARD-18 ARDM 3]], laid up at [[Charleston Naval Shipyard]]<ref>[http://www.navsource.org/archives/09/67/6718.htm navsource, USS ''Endurance'' ARD-18  ARDM 3]</ref>
*    [[USS Oak Ridge (ARDM-1)|USS ''Oak Ridge'' ARD-19 ARDM 1]], to [[United States Coast Guard]] in 2002 <ref>[http://www.navsource.org/archives/09/67/6701.htm USS Oak Ridge (ARDM-1) ARD-19]</ref>
*    [[USS White Sands (ARD-20)|USS ''White Sands'' ARD-20]] by Pacific Bridge Co., (changed to AGDS-1), sold 1974 <ref>[http://www.navsource.org/archives/09/67/6720.htm navsource, USS ''White Sands'' (ARD-20)]</ref>
*    USS ''ARD-21''   reserve <ref>[http://www.navsource.org/archives/09/67/6721.htm navsource, USS ''ARD-21'']</ref>
*    USS ''Windsor'' (ARD-22) sold 1976 <ref>[http://www.navsource.org/archives/09/67/6722.htm  navsource, USS ''ARD-22'' ''Windsor '']</ref>
*    USS ''ARD-23''   sold 1992 <ref>[http://www.navsource.org/archives/09/67/6723.htm navsource, USS ''ARD-23'']</ref>
*    USS ''ARD-24''   sold 1982 <ref>[http://www.navsource.org/archives/09/67/6724.htm  USS ''ARD-24'']</ref>
*    USS ''ARD-25''   sold 1973 <ref>[http://www.navsource.org/archives/09/67/6725.htm USS ''ARD-25'']</ref>
*    [[USS Alamogordo (ARDM-2)|USS ''Alamogordo'' ARD-26]]   sold 2000 <ref>[http://www.navsource.org/archives/09/67/6702.htm navsource, USS ''Alamogordo'' (ARDM-2) ARD-26]</ref>
*    USS ''ARD-27''    Scrapped in 1974 <ref>[http://www.navsource.org/archives/09/67/6727.htm USS ''ARD-27'']</ref>
*    USS ''ARD-28''  sold renamed '' Capitan Rodriguez Zamora'' <ref>[http://www.navsource.org/archives/09/67/6728.htm navsource, USS ''ARD-28'']</ref>
*    [[USS Arco (ARD-29)|USS ''Arco'' ARD-29]] sold to Iran 1971  <ref>[http://www.navsource.org/archives/09/67/6729.htm USS ''Arco'' (ARD-29)]</ref>
*    USS ''San Onfre'' (ARD-30) by Pacific Bridge Co.<ref>[http://www.navsource.org/archives/09/67/6730.htm navsource, USS ''ARD-30'', USS ''San Onfre'']</ref>
*    USS ''ARD-31''   To [[US Air Force]] in 1974<ref>[http://www.navsource.org/archives/09/67/6731.htm navsource, USS ''ARD-31'']</ref>
*    USS ''ARD-32''    sold 1960 <ref>[http://www.navsource.org/archives/09/67/6732.htm navsource, USS ''ARD-32'']</ref>
*    USS ''ARD-33'' (By Dravo Corp.) renamed AFDL 47 '' Reliance'' <ref>[http://www.navsource.org/archives/09/28/7347.htm navsource, USS ''ARD-33'' - AFDL 47, '' Reliance'']</ref>

==See also==
* [[Drydock]]
* [[Semi-submersible]]

==References==
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20171002034043/http://www.navsource.org/archives/09/28/28idx.htm Auxiliary Repair Docks]
{{reflist}}

{{Auxiliary repair dock (ARD)}}
{{Warship types of the 19th & 20th centuries}}
{{WWII US ships}}

[[Category:Floating drydocks of the United States Navy]]
[[Category:Ship types]]