View source for Austrobaileyales

{{Short description|Order of flowering plants}}
{{Automatic taxobox
| fossil_range = {{fossil range|Albian|present|earliest=Barremian|[[Albian]] - recent|ref=<ref name=mobot>{{Cite web |title=Austrobaileyales|url=https://www.mobot.org/mobot/research/apweb/orders/austrobaileyalesweb.htm|access-date=2023-06-18|website=www.mobot.org}}</ref>}}Possible [[Barremian]] record
| image = Schisandra rubriflora.jpg
| image_caption = ''[[Schisandra rubriflora]]''
| taxon = Austrobaileyales
| authority = [[Armen Takhtajan|Takht.]] ex [[J. L. Reveal|Reveal]]{{r|APG3}}{{r|APWeb}}
| subdivision_ranks = Families
| subdivision = *[[Austrobaileyaceae]] {{Au|[[Léon Croizat|Croizat]]}}
*[[Schisandraceae]]  {{Au|[[Carl Ludwig Blume|Bl.]]}}
*[[Trimeniaceae]] {{Au|[[L.S.Gibbs|Gibbs]]}}
}}

'''Austrobaileyales''' is an [[order (biology)|order]] of [[flowering plant]]s consisting of about 100{{r|palmer}} species of [[woody plant]]s growing as trees, shrubs and [[liana]]s. A well known example is ''[[Illicium verum]]'', commonly known as [[star anise]]. The order belongs to the group of [[basal angiosperms]], the ANA grade ([[Amborellales]], [[Nymphaeales]], and Austrobaileyales), which diverged earlier from the remaining flowering plants. Austrobaileyales is sister to all remaining extant angiosperms outside the ANA grade.<ref>Angiosperm Phylogeny: A Framework for Studies of Genome Evolution, Plant Genome Diversity Volume 2, pp. 1–11, 2013, Springer, Pamela S. Soltis and Douglas E. Soltis</ref><ref>Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society, 2013, 171, 640–654, Structure of the unusual explosive fruits of the early diverging angiosperm Illicium (Schisandraceae s.l., Austrobaileyales), Mikhail S. Romanov, Alexey v. F. CH. Bobrov, and Peter k. Endress.</ref><ref>Insights into the dynamics of genome size and chromosome evolution in the early diverging angiosperm lineage Nymphaeales (water lilies), Jaume Pellicer, Laura J Kelly, Carlos Magdalena, Ilia Leitch, 2013, Genome, 10.1139/gen-2013-0039</ref>

The order includes just three families of flowering plants: the Austrobaileyaceae, a [[monotypic taxon|monotypic]] family containing the sole genus, ''[[Austrobaileya scandens]]'', a woody liana; the [[Schisandraceae]], a family of trees, shrubs, or lianas containing [[essential oil]]s; and the [[Trimeniaceae]], essential oil-bearing trees and lianas.{{r|APWeb}}

== In different classifications ==
Until the early 21st century, the order was only rarely recognised by [[list of systems of plant taxonomy|systems of classification]] (an exception is the [[Reveal system]]).

The [[APG system]], of 1998, did not recognize such an order. The [[APG II system]], of 2003, does accept this order and places it among the basal angiosperms, that is: it does not belong to any further clade. APG II uses this circumscription:

* order Austrobaileyales
** family [[Austrobaileyaceae]], one species of [[woody plant|woody]] [[vine]]s from [[Australia]]
** family [[Schisandraceae]] [+ family [[Illiciaceae]]], several dozen species of [[woody plant]]s, found in [[tropical]] to [[temperate]] regions of [[East Asia|East]] and [[Southeast Asia]] and the [[Caribbean]]. The best known of those is [[Star anise]].
** family [[Trimeniaceae]], half-a-dozen species of [[woody plant]]s found in [[subtropical]] to [[tropical]] [[Southeast Asia]], eastern [[Australia]] and the [[Pacific Islands]]

Note: "+ ..."=optional segregate family, that may be split off from the preceding family. The [[Cronquist system]], of 1981, also placed the  plants in families Illiciaceae and Schisandraceae together, but as separate families, united at the [[rank (botany)|rank]] of order, in the order Illiciales.

{| align="left" style="text-align:left; padding:2.5px; background:#eef"
|-
|{{clade| style=font-size:75%;line-height:75%
|label1=Angiosperms
|1={{clade
	|1=''[[Amborella]]''
	|2={{clade
		|1=[[Nymphaeales]]
		|2={{clade
			|1='''Austrobaileyales'''
			|2={{clade
				|1={{clade
					|1={{clade
						|1=[[magnoliids]]
						|2=[[Chloranthales]]
						}}
					|2={{clade
						|1=[[monocots]]
						|2={{clade
							|1=''[[Ceratophyllum]]''
							|2=[[eudicots]]
							}}
						}}
					}}
				}}
			}}
		}}
	}}
}}
|-style="font-size:90%;"
| The [[phylogenetics|phylogeny]] of the flowering plants, as of APG III (2009).{{r|APG3}}
|}{{clear}}

{| align="left" style="text-align:left; padding:2.5px; background:#eef"
|-
|{{clade| style=font-size:75%;line-height:75%
|label1='''Austrobaileyales'''
|1={{clade
  |1=[[Austrobaileyaceae]]
  |2={{clade
    |1=[[Schisandraceae]]
    |2=[[Trimeniaceae]]
     }}
   }}
}}
|-style="font-size:90%;"
| Internal relationship of '''Austrobaileyales'''.{{r|APWeb}}
|}{{clear}}

== References ==
{{Reflist|31em|refs=
<ref name="APG3">{{Cite journal |last=Angiosperm Phylogeny Group |year=2009 |title=An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG III |journal=Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society |volume=161 |issue=2 |pages=105–121 |doi=10.1111/j.1095-8339.2009.00996.x |doi-access=free |hdl=10654/18083 |hdl-access=free }}</ref>

<ref name="palmer">{{cite journal|title=The plant tree of life: an overview and some points of view|author=Jeffrey D. Palmer, Douglas E. Soltis and Mark W. Chase|journal=American Journal of Botany|year=2004|volume=91|pages=1437–1445|doi=10.3732/ajb.91.10.1437|issue=10|pmid=21652302|doi-access=free}}</ref>

<ref name="APWeb">{{Cite web |last=Stevens |first=P.F. |title=Austrobaileyales |work=Angiosperm Phylogeny Website |url=http://www.mobot.org/MOBOT/Research/APweb/orders/austrobaileyalesweb.htm#Austrobaileyales}}</ref>
}}

{{Angiosperm orders}}
{{Taxonbar|from=Q21788}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Austrobaileyales| ]]
[[Category:Angiosperm orders]]