View source for Astrium

{{Short description|Former aerospace manufacturer}}
{{Use British English|date=January 2014}}
{{Infobox company
| name             = Astrium
| logo             = ASTRIUM EADS Company Logo 3D Blue Strap.jpg
| logo_size             = 240px
| type             = 
| genre            = 
| fate             = 
| predecessor      = EADS Space
| successor        = [[Airbus Defence and Space]]
| foundation       = December 2006
| founder          = [[EADS]]
| defunct          = 2013 
| location_city    = [[Paris]]
| location_country = [[France]]
| location         = 
| locations        = 
| area_served      = 
| key_people       = 
| industry         = [[Space industry]], [[Space tourism]]
| products         = 
| services         = 
| revenue          = 
[[Euro|€]] 5.8 billion <small>(2012)</small>| operating_income = 
| net_income       = 
| aum              = 
| assets           = 
| equity           = 
| owner            = 
| num_employees    = 18,000 ({{asof|2012|lc=y}})
| parent           = [[EADS]]
| divisions        = 
| subsid           = 
| homepage         = {{URL|http://www.astrium.eads.net/}}
| footnotes        = 
| intl             = 
}}

'''Astrium''' was a European [[aerospace manufacturer|aerospace]] company and subsidiary of the [[EADS|European Aeronautic Defence and Space Company]] (EADS), headquartered in [[Paris]]. It designed, developed and manufactured civil and military space systems and provided related services from 2006 to 2013. In 2012, Astrium had a [[Revenue|turnover]] of €5.8 billion and 18,000 employees in France, Germany, the United Kingdom, Spain and the Netherlands. Astrium was a member of [[Institute of Space, its Applications and Technologies]].

In late 2013 Astrium was merged with [[Cassidian]], the defence division of EADS, as well as [[Airbus Military]] to form [[Airbus Defence and Space]].<ref name=pa20140105/> EADS itself was rebranded [[Airbus|Airbus Group]], with three divisions: [[Airbus Commercial Aircraft]], [[Airbus Defence and Space]], and [[Airbus Helicopters]].<ref name=pa20140105>
{{cite news |last=Messier|first=Doug |title=EADS Reorganizes, Acknowledges Success of SpaceX |url=http://www.parabolicarc.com/2014/01/05/spacex-effect-helps-spur/ |access-date=2014-01-07 |newspaper=Parabolic Arc |date=2014-01-05 }}</ref>

==Business structure==
During 2006–2013, the three main areas of activity within Astrium were:{{citation needed|date=January 2014}}
* '''Astrium Satellites''' for spacecraft and [[ground segment]]
* '''EADS Astrium Space Transportation''' for launchers and orbital infrastructure
* '''Astrium Services''' for the development and delivery of satellite services.

===Satellites===
'''Astrium Satellites''' was one of the three business units of Astrium. It was specialized in the manufacturing of [[spacecraft]] used for science, [[Earth]] observation and telecommunications, as well as the equipment and subsystems used therein and related ground systems.

EADS Astrium Satellites employed around 8,348 people on nine sites in France, Germany, Spain and the United Kingdom. As of 15 October 2012, the CEO of Astrium is Eric Beranger who took over from [[Evert Dudok]].

==History==
{{See also|History of Airbus}}
{{Unreferenced section|date=December 2006}}
Astrium was formed in 2000 by the merger of [[Matra Marconi Space]] (itself formed from French and British companies) with the space division of [[DASA|DaimlerChrysler Aerospace AG]] and [[CRISA|Computadores Redes e Ingeniería SA]]. Henceforth Astrium was a joint venture between EADS and [[BAE Systems]].

On 16 June 2003 the minority shareholder, BAE Systems, sold its 25% share to EADS, making EADS the sole shareholder. Astrium became '''EADS Astrium Satellites''' and in a wider restructuring became the major constituent of '''EADS Astrium''', which also included '''EADS Astrium Space Transportation''' and '''EADS Astrium Services'''. In this restructuring the former Astrium Space Infrastructure division merged with EADS Launchers & Vehicles division to form EADS SPACE Transportation, which became later EADS Astrium Space Transportation. Also, '''Paradigm Secure Communications''', initially created by Astrium in the frame of the [[Skynet 5]] contract for the UK [[Ministry of Defence (United Kingdom)|Ministry of Defence]] became the major constituent of EADS SPACE Services.

CASA Espacio became part of EADS Astrium on 1 January 2004. EADS Astrium is the sole shareholder of [[Infoterra Ltd]].

On 1 July 2006, the French division of EADS Astrium, EADS Astrium SAS, merged with other French subsidiaries of EADS Space (especially EADS Space Transportation). The name of the new company thus became '''Astrium SAS'''. Equivalent mergers have been achieved in 2006 in the other countries.

==Space transportation==
'''EADS Astrium Space Transportation''' was formed in June 2003 from the consolidation of EADS' launch vehicles division (formerly [[Aérospatiale]]'s space division) and the space infrastructure division of Astrium (whose core was originally [[ERNO]]). Until July 2006 it was called '''EADS Space Transportation''' and was a fully owned subsidiary of '''EADS Space'''.  In July 2006 the three subsidiaries of EADS Space (EADS Space Transportation, EADS Astrium, and EADS Space Services) were reintegrated into one company, EADS Astrium, of which EADS Astrium Space Transportation became a business division. Currently 4397 employees work in the launcher segment.

The Space Transportation company is the prime contractor for the [[Ariane 5]] launcher, the [[Columbus (ISS module)|Columbus]] Module of the [[International Space Station]], and the [[Automated Transfer Vehicle|ATV]], as well as a number of smaller projects (most notably [[EADS Phoenix|Phoenix]]).  It also builds launchers for the French nuclear missile program (see also [[Military of France]]), such as the [[M51 SLBM]].

It joined the team led by [[Lockheed Martin]] for a bid on [[NASA]]'s [[Crew Exploration Vehicle]] (CEV), being in charge of the craft's ''Mission Module''. The team won a contract from NASA in June 2005.

In 2005, EADS Astrium Space Transportation started a campaign in favour of a project called [[Lunar Infrastructure For Exploration|LIFE]], for astronomy from the Moon surface.

The company has facilities in France ([[Les Mureaux]] near Paris and Saint-Médard-en-Jalles near [[Bordeaux]]) and in Germany; the main facility in Germany is located in [[Bremen (city)|Bremen]].  These manufacturing facilities utilise specialist CTH03 and CTH04 high technology equipment containers which allow the [http://www.route-to-space.eu/index.php/en/projects/cth04-container safe transport] of Airbus integrated spacecraft in a horizontal position when sending them worldwide to launch sites.

After [[Evert Dudok]] took over from [[Antoine Bouvier]] as Head of EADS Astrium Satellites on 11 June 2007, Alain Charmeau assumed responsibility of the management of EADS Astrium Space Transportation.

==Programmes==
===Telecoms===
{{Columns-list|colwidth=22em|
* [[Alphabus]]
* [[Alphabus|Alphasat I-XL]]
* Amazonas 1 & 2
* Anik F1R & F3
* [[Arabsat]] 4A, 4B, 5A & 5C & BADR-4, 5, 6 & 7
* [[SES Astra|Astra]] [[Astra 2B|2B]], [[Astra 2E|2E]], [[Astra 2F|2F]], [[Astra 2G|2G]], [[Astra 1M|1M]], [[Astra 1N|1N]], [[Astra 3B|3B]], & [[Astra 5B|5B]]
* Direct TV 15
* Eutelsat [[Atlantic Bird]] 7
* [[Eutelsat]] W1
* Eutelsat W2M
* Eutelsat W3A
* Eutelsat 3B
* Eutelsat MEA-SAT 3B
* Eutelsat W5A
* Hellas-Sat
* [[Hispasat]] 1A and 1B
* HYLAS
* [[Eutelsat]] [[Hot Bird]] 2-5
* Eutelsat Hot Bird 7-10
* [[KA-SAT|Eutelsat Ka-Sat]]
* Express AM4, AM4R
* Express AM7
* [[Inmarsat]]-2 F1, F2, F3 & F4
* [[Inmarsat]]-4 F1, F2 & F3
* [[Intelsat]] 10-02
* Nilesat 101 and 102
* Nimiq 4
* Orion-1
* ST-1
* Stentor
* Telecom 2
* WorldStar (Afristar, Asiastar, Worldstar 3)
* Yahsat 1A & 1B
}}

===Military===
{{Columns-list|colwidth=22em|
* [[Composante Spatiale Optique|CSO (forthcoming)]]
* [[Essaim (satellites)|Essaim]]
* [[Helios 1B]]
* [[Helios 2A]]
* Manpack
* Master
* Scot
* Skynet 4/NATO IV
* [[Skynet 5]]
* SATCOM BW2
* Spirale 1A/1B
}}

===Earth observation===
{{Columns-list|colwidth=22em|
* [[EarthCARE]]
* [[ADM-Aeolus]]
* Alsat
* Champ
* COMS
* [[CryoSat]]
* [[European Remote-Sensing Satellite|ERS]] 1 & 2
* [[Envisat]]
* EOS Aqua HSB
* [[GOCE]]
* [[Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment|Grace]]
* Kompsat-2
* KRS [forthcoming, launch forecast 2014]
* [[Meteosat Second Generation|MSG]]
* [[Meteosat]]
* Metop 1, 2, 3
* MicroSAR
* [[Pleiades (satellite)|Pleiades]]
* [[FORMOSAT-2]] (ROCSAT-2)
* [[Sentinel 2]]
* [[Sentinel-5 Precursor]]
* Silex
* [[SPOT (satellites)|SPOT]] 1, 2, 3, 4 & 5
* SSOT
* [[Swarm (spacecraft)|Swarm]]
* Theos
* [[TerraSAR-X]], [[TanDEM-X]]
* VNREDSat-1 (forthcoming)
}}

===Science===
{{Columns-list|colwidth=22em|

* [[BepiColombo]]
* [[Cassini-Huygens]]
* [[Cluster mission|Cluster II]]
* [[Gaia mission]]
* [[Herschel Space Observatory]]
* [[INTEGRAL]]
* [[LISA Pathfinder]]
* [[Mars Express]] / [[Beagle 2]]
* [[Rosetta space probe|Rosetta]]
* [[Solar and Heliospheric Observatory]] (SOHO)
* [[Solar Orbiter]]
* [[Ulysses probe|Ulysses]]
* [[Venus Express]]
* [[XMM-Newton]]
* [[NIRSpec (Near-Infrared Spectrograph)|NIRSpec]]
}}

===Navigation===
{{Columns-list|colwidth=22em|
* [[European Geostationary Navigation Overlay Service]] (EGNOS)
* [[Galileo positioning system|Galileo]]
}}

===Services===
Astrium Services is the services division of EADS Astrium.

The services division specializes in military satellite communications services and currently employs about 2,200 personnel.

Astrium Services is responsible for delivering the following services and systems:

{{Columns-list|colwidth=22em|
* [[ASTEL-S]], France
* [[TELCOMARSAT]], France
* [[SATCOMBw]], Germany (2009)
* [[Skynet (satellite)|Skynet]]: provides all the UK [[Ministry of Defence (United Kingdom)|Ministry of Defence]] satellite communications.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.paradigmsecure.com/ |title=Government Communications &#124; Paradigm Secure |access-date=2015-05-28 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141028125235/https://www.paradigmsecure.com/ |archive-date=2014-10-28 }}</ref>
* [[NATO]] service provision to Portugal and Canada
* [[Galileo (satellite navigation)|Galileo]] (2010)
}}

===Space tourism===
{{main|EADS Astrium Space Tourism Project}}
[[File:EADS Astrium logo.svg|thumb|right|Logo used until 2010]]

In June 2007, EADS Astrium announced it would be entering the [[space tourism]] sector. On 20 June 2007 the company unveiled a model of the space jet, a one-stage [[Sub-orbital spaceflight|sub-orbital]] hybrid craft, utilising both jet and rocket engines. Carrying four passengers, the space jet would take off from regular airports using conventional jet engines. After flying to the needed altitude, the rockets would then be fired. After reaching its final altitude of 100&nbsp;km, passengers would experience weightlessness for three minutes. Tickets were expected to cost up to €200,000 with flights possibly beginning in 2012.<ref name=bbc>{{cite news | title = Firm rockets into space tourism | publisher = [[BBC Online]] | date =2007-06-13 | url = http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/sci/tech/6749873.stm | access-date = 2007-06-13 }}</ref> EADS estimated the development cost would approach 1 billion Euros. In March 2009 EADS Astrium confirmed that the programme had been placed on hold indefinitely; the decision had been made in January of that year.<ref>{{cite web|last=March |first=Rayon |url=http://www.flightglobal.com/blogs/hyperbola/2009/03/eads-astrium-puts-its-space-je.html |title=EADS Astrium puts its "space jet" on hold indefinitley - Hyperbola |publisher=Flightglobal.com |access-date=2013-03-27}}</ref>

===On-orbit satellite servicing===
In September, 2012, Astrium won a €13 million mission definition and design contract from the [[German Aerospace Center|DLR Space Administration]] to build a two-vehicle set of [[spacecraft]] to demonstrate several technologies necessary for [[on-orbit satellite servicing]], including [[Propellant depot|spacecraft refuelling]], in order to enable satellite mission extension and also controlled disposal of a [[:Category:Derelict satellites orbiting Earth|defective satellite]].  The project is entitled "DEOS" (German orbital servicing mission), and consists of two satellites, a 'client' and a 'servicer'. The client acts as the satellite requiring maintenance or disposal. The servicer carries out the necessary work on the client.  The two spacecraft will be launched together into [[low Earth orbit]] of {{convert|550|km}}.  {{asof|2012}}, the mission "will be ready for launch in 2018."<ref name=ea20120913>
{{cite web |title=Astrium wins DEOS contract to demonstrate in-orbit servicing |url=http://www.astrium.eads.net/en/press_centre/-kx9.html |work=Press Release |date=2012-09-13 |publisher=EADS Astrium |access-date=2012-09-25 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121016180335/http://www.astrium.eads.net/en/press_centre/-kx9.html |archive-date=2012-10-16 }}</ref>

===Partnership===
[[File:Taufkirchen EADS Astrium Hauptgebäude.jpg|thumb|[[Taufkirchen (bei München)|Taufkirchen]], Germany: EADS Astrium (main building)]]
In 2010 Astrium signed with JSC NC Kazakhstan Gharysh Sapary (KGS), the national company charged with the development of Kazakhstan's space programme, a contract for a Satellite Assembly, Integration and Test (AIT) Centre in [[Astana]]. Under the contract Astrium will provide and install the various test equipment (mechanical, radiometric, thermal and acoustic facilities) at the new AIT Centre. Astrium will also assist KGS in the construction of the AIT Centre to ensure coordination with the test equipment. The AIT Centre will form part of the Space City that the Kazakhstan space agency, Kazcosmos, is developing in Astana. The city will also include the ground segment for the two Astrium-built satellites, as well an administrative building and a space museum.<ref>{{cite news|title=Kazakhstan and EADS Plan Strategic Partnership|url=http://www.satrapia.com/news/article/kazakhstan-and-eads-plan-strategic-partnership/|newspaper=The Gazette of Central Asia|date=23 November 2012|publisher=Satrapia}}</ref>
{{Structural evolution of Airbus Group}}

{{Clear}}

==See also==
{{Portal |Spaceflight}}
* [[Aerospace industry in the United Kingdom]]

==References==
{{Reflist|2}}

==External links==
{{Commons category|EADS Astrium}}
* {{Official website|http://www.astrium.eads.net }}
* [http://www.route-to-space.eu/index.php/en/ Route To Space Alliance]

{{EADS}}
{{space tourism}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Defunct aerospace organizations]]
[[Category:Manufacturing companies based in Paris]]
[[Category:Spacecraft manufacturers]]
[[Category:Airbus Defence and Space]]
[[Category:Former Airbus subsidiaries and divisions]]