View source for Astor Place

{{short description|Street in Manhattan, New York}}
{{distinguish|Astor Row}}
{{redirect|Astor Pl|the record label|Astor Place (label)|the subway station|Astor Place station|the building named Astor Plaza|One Astor Plaza}}
{{Use American English|date=March 2025}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=October 2024}}
{{Coord|40.729861|N|73.991434|W|display=title}}
[[File:Astor Place map locations.jpg|thumb|right|300px]]

'''Astor Place''' is a street in [[NoHo, Manhattan|NoHo]]/[[East Village, Manhattan|East Village]], in the [[lower Manhattan|lower]] part of the [[New York City]] borough of [[Manhattan]]. It is divided into two sections: One segment runs from [[Broadway (Manhattan)|Broadway]] in the west (just below [[8th Street (Manhattan)|East 8th Street]]) to [[Lafayette Street (Manhattan)|Lafayette Street]], and the other runs from [[Fourth Avenue (Manhattan)|Fourth]] to [[Third Avenue (Manhattan)|Third Avenues]].  The street encompasses two plazas at the intersection with Cooper Square, Lafayette Street, Fourth Avenue, and Eighth Street – [[Alamo (sculpture)|Alamo Plaza]] and [[Astor Place (IRT Lexington Avenue Line)|Astor Place Station Plaza]]. "Astor Place" is also sometimes used for the neighborhood around the street.<ref name=enc-nyc>Elsroad, Linda. "Astor Place" in {{cite enc-nyc}} p.64</ref> It was named for [[John Jacob Astor]] (at one time the richest person in the United States), soon after his death in 1848.<ref name="streetbook">{{cite streetbook}}</ref> A $21 million [[#Future|reconstruction to implement a redesign of Astor Place]]<ref name=recon /> began in 2013 and was completed in 2016.<ref name="Warerkar 2016">{{cite web|url=https://ny.curbed.com/2016/11/16/13652436/astor-place-east-village-reconstruction-alamo-cooper-square|title=Long-awaited Astor Place reconstruction is finally complete|last=Warerkar|first=Tanay|date=November 16, 2016|website=Curbed NY|access-date=July 18, 2019}}</ref>

==Geography==
The ''[[American Guide Series]]'' describes the Astor Place district as running from Houston Street north to 14th Street, between Broadway and Third Avenue.<ref>{{Cite fednyc|pages=113, 121}}</ref> ''[[The Encyclopedia of New York City]]'' defines the neighborhood as between 4th Street and 8th Street, from Broadway to Third Avenue.<ref name=enc-nyc/>

==History==
Astor Place was originally a [[powwow]] point for the various [[Lenape]] tribes of [[Manhattan]] and was called Kintecoying or, "Crossroads of Three Nations".<ref>{{cite web | url=http://localeastvillage.com/2011/03/30/tribes-of-new-york/ | title=Tribes of New York }}</ref>

Astor Place was once known as '''Art Street'''. From 1767 through 1859, [[New York Vauxhall Gardens|Vauxhall Gardens]], a country resort, was located on this street.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://forgotten-ny.com/1999/09/greenwich-village-necrology/ |title=The Street Necrology of Greenwich Village |date=November 1999|website=[[Forgotten NY]]|author=Walsh, Kevin|access-date=August 17, 2015 }}</ref> The area belonged to [[John Jacob Astor]], and Astor Place was renamed after him soon after his death, in 1848.<ref name=streetbook/> In 1826, he carved out an upper-class neighborhood from the site with [[Lafayette Street (Manhattan)|Lafayette Street]] bisecting eastern gardens from western homes. Wealthy New Yorkers, including Astor and other members of the family, built mansions along this central thoroughfare. Astor built the [[New York Public Library|Astor Library]] in the eastern portion of the neighborhood as a donation to the city. Architect Seth Geer designed [[terraced house|row house]]s called [[LaGrange Terrace]] for the development, and the area became a fashionable, upper-class residential district.<ref>Henderson, Mary C. (2004). ''The City and the Theatre: The History of New York Playhouses, a 250-year Journey from Bowling Green to Times Square''. New York: Back Stage Books. {{ISBN|0-8230-0637-9}}. p.61</ref> This location made the gardens accessible to the people of both the Broadway and Bowery districts.<ref>Caldwell, Mark (2005). ''New York Night: The Mystique and Its History''. New York: Scribner. {{ISBN|0-7432-7478-4}}. p.138</ref>

Astor Place was the site of the [[Astor Opera House]], at the intersection of Astor Place, East 8th Street, and Lafayette Street. Built to be ''the'' fashionable theater in 1847, it was the site of the [[Astor Place Riot]] of May 10, 1849. Anti-British feelings were running so high among New York's Irish at the height of the [[Great Famine (Ireland)|Great Famine]] that they found an outlet in the rivalry between American actor [[Edwin Forrest]] and the English [[William Charles Macready]], who were both presenting versions of ''[[Macbeth]]'' in nearby theatres.  The protest in the streets against Macready became so violent that the police fired into the crowd. At least 18 died, and hundreds were injured. The theater itself never recovered from the association with the riot and was closed down shortly afterwards.  The interior was demolished, and the building was turned over to the use of the [[New York Mercantile Library]].

From 1852 until 1936, Astor Place was the location of Bible House, headquarters of the [[American Bible Society]].<ref name=Dunlap>{{cite news|last1=Dunlap|first1=David W.|title=New York Says Farewell to American Bible Society, and Its Building|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2015/10/22/nyregion/new-york-says-farewell-to-american-bible-society-and-its-building.html|access-date=October 23, 2015|work=New York Times|date=October 21, 2015}}</ref>

In the mid- to late-19th century, the area was home to many of the wealthiest New Yorkers, including members of the [[Astor family|Astor]], [[Vanderbilt family|Vanderbilt]], and [[Delano family|Delano]] families. Editor and poet [[William Cullen Bryant]], and inventor and entrepreneur [[Isaac Singer]] lived in the neighborhood in the 1880s.<ref>{{cite fednyc}}, pp.121–122</ref> By the turn of the century, however, warehouses and manufacturing firms moved in, the elite moved to places such as [[Murray Hill, Manhattan|Murray Hill]], and the area fell into disrepair. The neighborhood was revitalized beginning in the late 1960s and 1970s.<ref name=enc-nyc />

{{Anchor|Future}}The [[New York City Department of Transportation]]'s "Reconstruction of Astor Place and Cooper Square" plan<ref name=recon>[http://www.nyc.gov/html/mancb3/downloads/cb3docs/Jan_6_2011_Presentation_to_CBs_2_and_3.pdf "Reconstruction of Astor Place and Cooper Square"] [[New York City Department of Transportation]] (January 6, 2011)</ref> called for some changes to be made to Astor Place beginning in 2013.  The street would end at Lafayette Street rather than continuing east to [[Third Avenue]]. This allowed the expansion of the "Alamo Plaza", where the [[Alamo (sculpture)|Alamo Cube]] is located, south to the southern sidewalk of Astor Place between Lafayette Street and Cooper Square, and the creation of an expanded sidewalk north of the Cooper Union Foundation Building.  The Astor Place subway entrance plaza was also redesigned, and Fourth Avenue south of East 9th Street and the western part of Cooper Square was converted to be used by buses only, with a new pedestrian plaza created on Cooper Square between East 5th and 6th Streets. The traffic pattern of the area changed significantly, with Astor Place from Lafayette Street to Third Avenue becoming East Eighth Street eastbound, and the formerly bidirectional Cooper Square bus lane becoming northbound-only.<ref name=recon /> The $16 million project<ref>{{ cite web |url=http://ny.curbed.com/archives/2013/09/26/see_updated_designs_for_longawaited_astor_place_revamp.php |title=See Updated Designs For Long-Awaited Astor Place Revamp |website=[[Curbed]] |date=September 26, 2013 |first=Jessica |last=Dailey |access-date=September 9, 2014}}</ref> was first proposed in 2008, then abandoned and re-proposed in 2011. Construction started in September 2013,<ref name="nycurbed 20130916">{{cite web |url=http://ny.curbed.com/archives/2013/09/16/major_astor_place_reconstruction_is_actually_starting.php |title=Major Astor Place Reconstruction Is Actually Starting |website=[[Curbed]] |date=September 16, 2013 |first=Jessica |last=Dailey |access-date=September 9, 2014}}</ref> and the work was completed in November 2016.<ref name="Warerkar 2016" /><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www1.nyc.gov/site/ddc/about/press-releases/pr-111616-washington-heights-projecs-awards.page|title=Astor Place Reconstruction Brings 42,000 Square Feet of New Pedestrian Space to the East Village|website=NYC Department of Design and Construction|access-date=July 18, 2019|archive-date=August 12, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190812054327/https://www1.nyc.gov/site/ddc/about/press-releases/pr-111616-washington-heights-projecs-awards.page|url-status=dead}}</ref>

==Points of interest==
[[File:Astor-playhouse.jpg|thumb|right|250px|The [[Astor Place Theatre]]]]
[[File:Just another Alamo afternoon.jpg|thumb|right|250px|[[Alamo (sculpture)|Alamo Cube]] from Astor Place, looking north]]
The current 299-seat [[Off-Broadway]] [[Astor Place Theatre]], has been located in the landmark [[Colonnade Row]] on Lafayette Street, half a block south, since 1969. It was known for premiering works by downtown playwrights like [[Sam Shepard]], but since 1991 has been the home of [[Blue Man Group]], which now owns the theatre. The Joseph Papp [[Public Theater]] (home to the [[New York Shakespeare Festival]]) is located across the street in the former [[Astor Library]] building.

The trapezium-shaped [[traffic island]] in the center of Astor Place is a popular meeting place and center of much skateboarding activity. The island is most notably home to [[Bernard Rosenthal|Tony Rosenthal's]] sculpture "[[Alamo (sculpture)|Alamo]]", known popularly as "The Cube", which consists of a large, black metal cube mounted on one corner. Installed in 1967 as part of the "Sculpture and the Environment" organized by the [[New York City Department of Cultural Affairs]], the Alamo Cube has since become a popular meeting place in the [[East Village, Manhattan|East Village]].<ref name="nyt-2005-11-19">{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2005/11/19/nyregion/19cube.html |title=The Cube, Restored, Is Back and Turning at Astor Place |last=Moynihan |first=Colin |date=November 19, 2005 |work=[[The New York Times]] |access-date=March 18, 2009}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Tony Rosenthal, 94, Sculptor of Public Art |first=William |last=Grimes |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2009/08/01/arts/design/01rosenthal.html |newspaper=[[The New York Times]] |date=August 1, 2009 |access-date=July 17, 2010}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Astor Place Cube Will Stay in Place |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1967/11/23/archives/astor-place-cube-will-stay-in-place.html |newspaper=[[The New York Times]] |date=November 23, 1967 |page=33 |access-date=July 17, 2010}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=A Famous Cube Puzzles Its Biggest Fans |first=Jennifer |last=Bleyer |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2005/01/30/nyregion/thecity/30cube.html |newspaper=[[The New York Times]] |date=January 30, 2005 |access-date=July 17, 2010}}</ref> The sculpture can be spun on its vertical axis by one person with some effort, and two or more people without trouble. In 2003, the cube was  the subject of a prank played by the ATF squad (All Too Flat) in which it was turned into a giant [[Rubik's Cube]]. The members of the organization were careful with the prank, as they didn't want to be destructive. The cube stayed up for about 24 hours before city maintenance removed the painted cardboard panels from the sculpture.  On March 10, 2005, the [[New York City Department of Parks and Recreation|Parks Department]] removed the Cube for maintenance. The original artist and crew replaced a missing bolt, and made a few other minor repairs.  A makeshift replica of [[Polyvinyl chloride|PVC]] tubes named the ''Jello Cube'' in honor of [[Peter Cooper]] was placed in its stead.  As of November 2005, the Cube returned with a fresh coat of black paint, still able to spin.<ref name="nyt-2005-11-19"/>

Other nearby points of interest include:
* In 1860, [[Abraham Lincoln]] came to the attention of the fledgling [[Republican Party (United States)#Birth: 1854-1860|Republican party]] with his [[Cooper Union Address]]. Given in [[Cooper Union|The Cooper Union]]'s Great Hall, the 'Right Makes Might' speech examined federal control of slavery and the thoughts of the signers of the [[American Constitution|Constitution]]. [[Cooper Union]] also housed one of the first free [[public library|public libraries]].
* One of the original libraries making up the [[New York Public Library]], the [[Astor Library]] was housed in the [[Astor Library Building]].  The building is home today to [[Joseph Papp Public Theater]].
* The [[Astor Place (IRT Lexington Avenue Line)|Astor Place subway station]] ({{NYCS trains|Lexington local}}) is among the [[Early history of the IRT subway|original 28 subway stations]], and is on the [[List of Registered Historic Places in New York#New York County|List of Registered Historic Places in New York]].  The tile mosaics on the station platform feature [[beavers]], a tribute to John Jacob Astor, whose fortune was founded in beaver-pelt trading.<ref name="focus">{{Cite archive|collection=Records of the National Park Service, 1785 – 2006|institution=National Archives|item-url=https://catalog.archives.gov/id/75313927|series=National Register of Historic Places and National Historic Landmarks Program Records, 2013 – 2017|item=New York MPS Astor Place Subway Station (IRT)|item-id=75313927|box=National Register of Historic Places and National Historic Landmarks Program Records: New York}}</ref>{{rp|4–5}}<ref name="NYCL-1096">{{cite web|date=October 23, 1979|title=Interborough Rapid Transit System, Underground Interior|url=http://s-media.nyc.gov/agencies/lpc/lp/1096.pdf|access-date=November 19, 2019|publisher=[[New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission]]}}</ref>{{rp|8}}
* The [[Peter Cooper]] Memorial by [[Augustus Saint-Gaudens#Civil War commemorative commissions|Augustus Saint Gaudens]] is one block south on Cooper Square.
* 21 Astor Place (also known as "Clinton Hall" and "13 Astor Place") stands on the site which was once the [[Astor Opera House]]. After the [[Astor Place riot]], the building was turned over to the New York Mercantile Library, which used it until 1890, when they tore it down and built the current 11-story building. The Library left in 1932, and the building became the headquarters for a union. It has now been redeveloped into modern condominiums behind the original 19th century façade, an example of the technique of [[facadism]].<ref>{{cite news |first=Nadine |last=Brozan |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2003/04/06/realestate/postings-triangular-site-21-astor-place-50-ultramodern-condominiums-behind.html |title=POSTINGS: On a Triangular Site at 21 Astor Place; 50 Ultramodern Condominiums Behind an Exterior From 1890 |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=April 6, 2003}}</ref>
* The [[US Post Office-Cooper Station|Cooper Station Post Office]], built in the 1920s, is just three blocks north.
* The last [[Kmart (United States)|Kmart]] in Manhattan was located in Astor Place before its closure in July 2021,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://gothamist.com/news/kmart-unlikely-astor-place-icon-shutters-without-notice|title= Kmart, An Unlikely Astor Place Icon, Shutters Without Notice |first=Jake|last=Offenhartz|work=Gothamist|date=July 12, 2021|access-date=July 12, 2021}}</ref> in the space first created as a Wanaker's department store.<ref>{{Cite web |date=April 10, 2023 |title=All that remains of a legendary Astor Place department store few New Yorkers remember |url=https://ephemeralnewyork.wordpress.com/2023/04/10/all-that-remains-of-a-legendary-astor-place-department-store-few-new-yorkers-remember/ |access-date=October 24, 2023 |website=Ephemeral New York |language=en}}</ref> A [[Wegmans]] supermarket opened in the former Kmart space in October 2023.<ref>{{Cite web |date=October 18, 2023 |title=Wegmans officially opens in the East Village |url=https://www.6sqft.com/wegmans-opens-at-astor-place-east-village/ |access-date=October 24, 2023 |language=en-US}}</ref>

==Transportation==
The [[IRT Lexington Avenue Line]] of the [[New York City Subway]] has a station named [[Astor Place station|Astor Place]] at the intersection of Lafayette & East 8th Streets, which is served by the {{NYCS trains|Lexington local}}.

No bus route serves the first block of Astor Place. The second block is used by the eastbound {{NYC bus link|M8}} (westbound buses use East 9th Street) and the uptown {{NYC bus link|M101|M102|prose=y}} out of service from Cooper Square, making their first stops at Third Avenue.<ref>{{Cite NYC bus map|M}}</ref>

==Gallery==
<div align=center><gallery widths="200px" heights="170px" perrow="4">
File:Appletons' Astor John Jacob - library.jpg|The [[Astor Library]], seen in a 1900 drawing, opened in 1849. It is now the [[Public Theater]]
File:Astor Place Opera-House riots crop.jpg|The Astor Place riot in 1849: anti-British feelings expressed in a dispute over competing productions of ''[[Macbeth]]''; the [[Astor Opera House]] is in the background
File:Clinton Hall Mercantile Library Bldg 13 Astor Place.jpg|After the riot, the Opera House closed and the building was turned over to the [[New York Mercantile Library]], who later built this 11-story building on the site
File:Cooper Union by David Shankbone crop.jpg|The [[Cooper Union|Cooper Union Foundation Building]] has stood on Astor Place, anchoring the north end of [[Cooper Square]], since 1859
File:Astor Place Bldg 444 Lafayette St.jpg|The Astor Place Building at 444 [[Lafayette Street (Manhattan)|Lafayette Street]] was built in 1876…
File:Fractured 445 Lafayette reflection.jpg|…while across the street stands the modern condominium building at 445 Lafayette (2004)
File:Astor Place IRT 004 crop.jpg|The beaver in the [[Astor Place (IRT Lexington Avenue Line)|Astor Place]] subway station is a tribute to [[John Jacob Astor]], whose fortune was founded on beaver-pelt trading
File:WSTM Team Dustizeff 0108.jpg|[[Bernard Rosenthal|Tony Rosenthal's]] ''[[Alamo (sculpture)|Alamo]]''; behind it, [[Kmart (United States)|Kmart]] in [[770 Broadway]], once the annex to the giant [[Wanamaker's Department Store]]
</gallery></div>

== References ==
{{reflist|30em}}

== External links ==
{{Commons category|Astor Place}}
* [http://www.publictheater.org/ Public Theater]
* [http://www.musicals101.com/bwaypast.htm Demolished Broadway theatres]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20041019103742/http://www.wayneturney.20m.com/astorplaceriot.htm The Astor Place Riot]
* [http://www.urbanpigeon.com/cube.html Pictures of the Cube being removed] (The Cube was removed on March 8, 2005, [[Art conservation and restoration|restored]], then returned on November 18, 2005.)
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20000817130915/http://showcase.netins.net/web/creative/lincoln/speeches/cooper.htm Lincoln's Cooper Union Address]

{{East Village, Manhattan}}
{{Streets of Manhattan|state=collapsed}}

[[Category:Streets in Manhattan]]
[[Category:Astor family]]
[[Category:East Village, Manhattan]]
[[Category:Cooper Union]]
[[Category:Astor Place| ]]