View source for Assassination of Yitzhak Rabin

{{Short description|1995 murder in Tel Aviv, Israel}}
{{pp-extended|small=yes}}
{{Infobox civilian attack
| title            = Assassination of Yitzhak Rabin
| image            = RabinSquare.jpg
| caption          = Site of the rally before the assassination: [[Kings of Israel Square]] with [[Tel Aviv City Hall]] in the background.
| location         = [[Tel Aviv]], Israel
| coordinates      = {{Coord|32|04|54.8|N|34|46|51.4|E|region:IL-TA_type:event_scale:50000|display=inline,title}}
| target           = [[Yitzhak Rabin]]
| date             = November 4, 1995
| time             = 9:30 p.m.
| timezone         = [[Israel Standard Time|IST]]
| type             = Shooting
| weapons          = [[Beretta 84F]] [[semi-automatic pistol]]
| fatalities       = Yitzhak Rabin
| injuries         = Yoram Rubin
| perp             = [[Yigal Amir]]
| motive           = Rabin signing the [[Oslo Accords]]
| convictions = [[Homicide in Israeli law#Murder|Murder]], [[conspiracy to commit murder]], [[Aggravated assault|aggravated injury]]{{Infobox event
| title = 
| child = yes
| sentence = [[Life imprisonment in Israel|Life imprisonment]], plus 14 years}}
}}
{{Yitzhak Rabin series}}
[[Yitzhak Rabin]], the [[prime minister of Israel]], was [[assassinated]] on 4 November 1995 at 21:30, at the end of a rally in support of the [[Oslo Accords]] at the [[Kings of Israel Square]] in [[Tel Aviv]]. The assailant was [[Yigal Amir]], an Israeli law student and [[ultranationalist]] who radically opposed Rabin's peace initiative, particularly the signing of the Oslo Accords.

==Background==
The assassination of [[Prime Minister of Israel|Israeli prime minister]] [[Yitzhak Rabin]] came immediately after an anti-violence rally in support of the [[Oslo peace process]].<ref>{{Cite book|title = Rabin: His Life, Our Legacy|last = Rabin|first = Leah|publisher = G.P. Putnam's Sons|year = 1997|isbn = 0-399-14217-7|pages = [https://archive.org/details/rabinourlifehisl00rabi/page/7 7, 11]|url = https://archive.org/details/rabinourlifehisl00rabi/page/7}}</ref>

Before the rally, Rabin was disparaged personally by right-wing conservatives and [[Likud]] leaders who perceived the peace process as an attempt to forfeit the [[Israeli-occupied territories|occupied territories]] and a capitulation to Israel's enemies.<ref name="Newton p450">{{cite book |last=Newton |first=Michael |title=Famous Assassinations in World History: An Encyclopedia, Volume 2 |date=2014 |publisher=ABC-CLIO |location=Santa Barbara, Calif. |isbn=978-1-61-069285-4 |page=450 |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=F4-dAwAAQBAJ&q=yitzhak+rabin  |chapter=Rabin, Yitzhak}}</ref><ref name="Tucker">{{cite book |last=Tucker |first=Ernest |title=The Middle East in Modern World History |date=2016 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-1-31-550823-8 |pages=331–32 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LQo3DAAAQBAJ&q=%22removed+from+jewish+tradition%22  }}</ref>

National religious conservatives and Likud party leaders believed that withdrawing from any "Jewish" land was [[heresy]].<ref name="Shain">{{cite book |last=Shain |first=Yossi |title=Kinship & Diasporas in International Affairs |date=2007 |publisher=University of Michigan Press |location=Ann Arbor. |isbn=978-0-47-209910-8 |page=70 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=AD1xQ5dih18C&q=rabin+assassination  |quote=Religious ultranationalists saw Rabin's willingness to trade Jewish land for peace with the Palestinians as a sin against divine law.}}</ref> The Likud leader and future prime minister, [[Benjamin Netanyahu]], accused Rabin's government of being "removed from Jewish tradition [...] and Jewish values".{{refn|name=Newton p450}}{{refn|name=Tucker}} Right-wing rabbis associated with the settlers' movement prohibited territorial concessions to the Palestinians and forbade soldiers in the [[Israel Defense Forces]] from evacuating Jewish settlers under the accords.<ref name="Seliktar">{{cite book  |last=Seliktar |first=Ofira |title=Doomed to Failure?: The Politics and Intelligence of the Oslo Peace Process |date=2009 |publisher=ABC-CLIO |location=Santa Barbara, CA |isbn=978-0-31-336617-8 |page=99 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=26o_Qwy-KLkC&q=din+rodef}}</ref><ref name="Pedahzur & Perliger">{{cite book |last1=Pedahzur |first1=Ami |last2=Perliger |first2=Arie |title=Jewish Terrorism in Israel |date=2009 |publisher=Columbia University Press |location=New York |isbn=978-0-23-115446-8 |pages=[https://archive.org/details/jewishterrorismi0000peda/page/100 100]–101 |url=https://archive.org/details/jewishterrorismi0000peda |url-access=registration |quote=rabin din rodef din moser.  }}</ref> Some rabbis proclaimed ''[[Rodef|din rodef]]'', based on a traditional Jewish law of self-defense, against Rabin personally, arguing that the Oslo Accords would endanger Jewish lives.{{refn|name=Seliktar}}<ref>{{cite book |last=Thiel |first=Markus |title=The 'Militant Democracy' Principle in Modern Democracies |date=2016 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-1-31-702403-3 |page=196 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=N-CXCwAAQBAJ&q=%22din+rodef%22 }}</ref>

Rallies organized by Likud and other right-wing groups featured depictions of Rabin in a Nazi [[SS]] uniform, or in the crosshairs of a gun.{{refn|name=Newton p450}}{{refn|name=Tucker}} Protesters compared the Labor party to the Nazis and Rabin to [[Adolf Hitler]]{{refn|name=Seliktar}} and chanted, "Rabin is a murderer" and "Rabin is a traitor".<ref name= "Aronoff p58">{{cite book |last=Aronoff |first=Yael |title=The Political Psychology of Israeli Prime Ministers: When Hard-Liners Opt for Peace |date=2014 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |location=New York |isbn=978-1-10-703838-7 |page=58 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=uoWYAwAAQBAJ&q=rabin+assassination }}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last=Caspit |first=Ben |title=The Netanyahu Years |date=2017 |publisher=St. Martin's Press |location=New York |isbn=978-1-25-008705-8 |page=123 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=q2glDwAAQBAJ&q=gillon+rabin  }}</ref> In July 1995, Netanyahu led a mock funeral procession featuring a coffin and hangman's noose at an anti-Rabin rally where protesters chanted, "Death to Rabin".{{sfnp|Aronoff|2014|p=57}}<ref>{{cite book |last1=Caspit |first1=Ben |last2=Kafir |first2=Ilan |title=Netanyahu: The Road to Power |date=1998 |publisher=Carol |location=Secaucus, N.J. |isbn=978-1-55-972453-1 |page=232 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2XUwAQAAIAAJ&q=rabin+coffin  }}</ref> The chief of internal security, [[Carmi Gillon]], then alerted Netanyahu of a plot on Rabin's life and asked him to moderate the protests' rhetoric, which Netanyahu declined to do.{{refn|name=Aronoff p58}}{{sfnp|Caspit|2017|pp=120–121}} Netanyahu denied any intention to incite violence.{{refn|name=Newton p450}}{{refn|name=Tucker}}<ref>Smith, Charles D. ''Palestine and the Arab-Israeli Conflict A History with Documents'', {{ISBN|0-312-43736-6}}, pp. 464, 466.</ref>

Rabin dismissed such protests or labeled them ''[[chutzpah]]''.{{refn|name=Newton p450}} According to Gillon, Rabin refused his requests to wear a bulletproof vest and preferred not to use the armored car purchased for him.<ref>{{cite book |last=Enderlin |first=Charles |title=Shattered Dreams: The Failure of the Peace Process in the Middle East, 1995–2002 |date=2003 |publisher=Other Press |location=New York|isbn=978-1-59-051060-5 |page=[https://archive.org/details/shattereddreams00char_0/page/18 18] |url=https://archive.org/details/shattereddreams00char_0|url-access=registration |quote=gilon rabin. }}</ref> Left-wing supporters organized pro-peace rallies in support of the Oslo Accords. It was after one such gathering in Tel Aviv that the assassination took place.{{refn|name=Tucker}}

===Yigal Amir and ''din rodef''===
[[File:Flickr - Government Press Office (GPO) - THE FAMILY OF PM YITZHAK RABIN AT HIS FUNERAL.jpg|thumb|Rabin's family mourn at his funeral]]
The perpetrator was Yigal Amir, a 25-year-old former [[Hesder]] student and [[Far-right politics|far-right]] law student at [[Bar-Ilan University]]. Amir had strenuously opposed Rabin's peace initiative, particularly the signing of the Oslo Accords, because he felt that an Israeli withdrawal from the West Bank would deny Jews their "biblical heritage which they had reclaimed by establishing settlements". Amir had come to believe that Rabin was a ''[[rodef]]'', meaning a "pursuer" who endangered Jewish lives. The concept of ''din rodef'' ("law of the pursuer") is a part of traditional Jewish law. Amir believed he would be justified under ''din rodef'' in removing Rabin as a threat to Jews in the territories.<ref>Smith, pp. 458, 468</ref>

In the [[Israeli settlement]]s, pamphlets debating the validity of applying ''din rodef'' and ''[[din moser]]'' ("law of the informer") to Rabin and the Oslo Accords were distributed at synagogues. Both carried a death sentence according to traditional [[Halakha|Halakhic]] law.{{refn|name=Pedahzur & Perliger}} There was disagreement among religious Zionists as to whether Amir ever secured authorization from a rabbi to carry out the assassination of Rabin.{{sfnp|Pedahzur|Perliger|2009|p=106}} His father later said that in the months before the assassination, Amir repeatedly "said that the prime minister should be killed because a ''din rodef'' was issued against him".{{sfnp|Pedahzur|Perliger|2009|p=109}} During his later trial, Amir stated: "I acted according to ''din rodef''. ... It was not a personal act, I just wanted [Rabin] to be removed from his position".{{sfnp|Pedahzur|Perliger|2009|p=107}}

For his radical activities, Yigal Amir had been brought under attention by the Israeli internal security service ([[Shin Bet]]), but the organization only had information on Amir's attempt on creating an anti-Arab militia, not on comments regarding assassinating Rabin, which he openly stated to a number of people.{{sfnp|Ephron|2015|p=135}} Another incident describing Amir's comments to a fellow student about stating the [[Confession (Judaism)|vidui]] prior to an earlier, aborted attempt on his life was ignored by the organization as "non-credible". The source refused to refer to Amir by name but instead described him as a "short Yemeni guy with curly hair".{{sfnp|Ephron|2015|pp=148–57}}

==Preceding rally==
In response to the intense street protests by right-wing opponents of the Oslo peace process, a coalition of left-wing parties and peace groups organized a rally in support of the peace process at [[Tel Aviv]]'s [[Rabin Square|Kings Square]] on 4 November 1995. Rabin attended the rally, along with others such as [[Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Israel)|Minister of Foreign Affairs]] [[Shimon Peres]]. The rally attracted a crowd in excess of 100,000 people. In his remarks at the rally, Rabin declared, "I always believed that most of the people want peace and are ready to take a risk for it."<ref>{{cite web |date=4 November 1995 |title=Rabin assassinated at peace rally |url=http://www.cnn.com/WORLD/9511/rabin/index.html |website=CNN}}</ref><ref name="BBF1">{{cite web |last1=Brown |first1=Derek |last2=Black |first2=Ian |last3=Freedland |first3=Jonathan |date=6 November 1995 |title=Israel's Yitzhak Rabin assassinated at peace rally |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/nov/06/yitzhak-rabin-assassinated-at-peace-rally-israel-1995 |access-date=26 May 2022 |website=the Guardian |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Schmemann |first1=Serge |title=Assassination in Israel:  The Overview; Rabin Slain After Peace Rally in Tel Aviv; Israeli Gunman Held; Says He Acted Alone  |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1995/11/05/world/assassination-israel-overview-rabin-slain-after-peace-rally-tel-aviv-israeli.html |website=The New York Times |access-date=26 May 2022 |date=5 November 1995}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Kessel |first1=Jerrold |date=11 February 1996 |title=Israeli elections will test support for peace |url=http://www.cnn.com/WORLD/9602/israel_elex/02-11/index.html |access-date=26 May 2022 |website=CNN}}</ref>

{{Gallery
| title        = 
| align        =
| footer       =
| style        =
| state        =
| height       = 145
| width        = 200
| File:Assassination of Prime Minister Yitzhak Rabin, 1995 Dan Hadani Archive.jpg
 | Rabin delivering his speech at the rally
| File:Assassination of Prime Minister Yitzhak Rabin, 1995 III Dan Hadani Archive.jpg
 | A portion of the crowd assembled at the rally
 | alt1=
| File:Channel2 - Yitzhak Rabin.webm (cropped).jpg
 | Minister of Foreign Affairs [[Shimon Peres]] (far left), singer [[Miri Aloni]], and Prime Minister Rabin (far right) during the rally
}}

==Assassination==
{{multiple image
 | width = 160
 | image1 = Assassination of Prime Minister Yitzhak Rabin, 1995 VI Dan Hadani Archive.jpg
 | alt1 = 
 | image2 = Assassination of Prime Minister Yitzhak Rabin, 1995 VII Dan Hadani Archive.jpg
 | alt2 = 
 | footer_align = 
 | footer = Members of the crowd of supporters that had gathered in Tel Aviv expressing grief upon learning of Rabin's death
}}
{{multiple image
| width             = 160
| image1            = Assassination of Prime Minister Yitzhak Rabin, 1995 XIII Dan Hadani Archive.jpg
| alt1              = 
| image2            = Flickr - Government Press Office (GPO) - TEENAGERS LIGHTING MEMORIAL CANDLES AFTER HEARING OF THE ASSASSINATION OF P.M. YITZHAK RABIN.jpg
| alt2              = 
| footer_align      = 
| footer            = [[Vigil]]s for Rabin in the square where the rally had been held
}}

After the rally, Rabin walked down the city hall steps towards his car. As he entered the car, Amir approached the car from the rear and fired two shots at Rabin with a [[Beretta 84F]] semi-automatic pistol. Rabin was hit in the abdomen and chest. Amir was immediately subdued by Rabin's bodyguards and police on the scene, and fired a third shot at bodyguard  Yoram Rubin during the struggle,  lightly wounding him. Amir was arrested on the scene with the murder weapon. He was taken to a police station a few blocks away.<ref name="tam">Barak T: [http://tam.co.il/28_10_2005/magazin1.htm Ten years have passed, friend] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080724013304/http://tam.co.il/28_10_2005/magazin1.htm |date=2008-07-24 }}. ''Tel Aviv Newspaper'' {{in lang|he}}</ref><ref>Perry D: ''Israel and the Quest for Permanence'', p. 216.</ref><ref name=thisamericanlife>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thisamericanlife.org/570/transcript|title=570: The Night In Question|date=December 14, 2017|website=This American Life}}</ref><ref name="guardian">{{Cite web|url=http://www.theguardian.com/world/2015/oct/31/night-yitzhak-rabin-was-assassinated|title='I did it! Now bring me schnapps!' How Rabin's assassin greeted news that Israel's champion of peace was dead|first=Dan|last=Ephron|date=October 31, 2015a|website=the Guardian}}</ref>

Yoram Rubin attempted to get Rabin in the car but Rabin's body was "limp and heavy".<ref name=Ephron>{{cite book |last=Ephron |first=Dan |title=Killing a King: The Assassination of Yitzhak Rabin and the Remaking of Israel |date=2015 |page=175 |publisher=W.W. Norton & Co. |location=New York |isbn=978-0-393-24210-2 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2udwBgAAQBAJ}}</ref> Another of Rabin's bodyguards, Shai Glaser, helped put Rabin in the backseat of the car. The driver, Menachem Damati, was ordered to proceed to Ichilov Hospital at the [[Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center]], a short drive away. Damati became disoriented by the hysteria of the shooting and the crowds that lined the streets, and as a result lost his bearing. Rabin, who was bleeding heavily, was initially conscious and said that he thought he'd been hurt but not too badly before passing out.<ref name="Ephron176"/> Damati drove frantically trying to find the hospital, running red lights and swerving to avoid pedestrians. When he spotted a police officer, Pinchas Terem, he ordered him to get in the vehicle and direct him to the hospital. Two minutes later at 9:52 pm, some ten minutes after the shooting, the car arrived at Ichilov Hospital.<ref name="Ephron176">{{harvnb|Ephron|2015|p=176}}</ref>

At this time, Rabin was not breathing and had no pulse. Doctors performed an initial examination, attached Rabin to an [[Intravenous therapy|IV]], and drained the air that had seeped into his right chest cavity with a tube inserted into his ribcage. After the air was drained from Rabin's chest, his pulse reappeared.<ref name="Ephron176"/> He then underwent surgery. Meanwhile, cabinet ministers, military officers, security officials, and family members of Rabin arrived at the hospital, as did Rabin's Chief of Staff [[Eitan Haber]]. After Israeli media reported the shooting, a crowd of spectators and journalists began to gather in front of the hospital. At one point, the doctors managed to briefly stabilize his vital signs, and after being informed, Haber told a high-ranking Defense Ministry official to begin preparations for setting up a makeshift office at the hospital with telephones and fax lines to enable Rabin to continue his work as Prime Minister while recuperating. However, Rabin's condition rapidly deteriorated again. After his heart stopped, a surgeon carried out a cardiac massage in a last-ditch attempt to save him. At 11:02 pm, one hour and thirty-two minutes after the shooting, doctors gave up their efforts to revive Rabin and pronounced him dead.<ref name="Ephron178">{{harvnb|Ephron|2015|p=178}}</ref>

[[File:Assassination of Prime Minister Yitzhak Rabin, 1995 V Dan Hadani Archive.jpg|thumb|[[Eitan Haber]] informing the media that Rabin had died]]
At 11:15 pm, Eitan Haber walked out of the hospital to face the television cameras outside and announced Rabin's death to the media:

<blockquote>The government of Israel announces in consternation, in great sadness, and in deep sorrow, the death of prime minister and minister of defense Yitzhak Rabin, who was murdered by an assassin, tonight in Tel Aviv. The government shall convene in one hour for a mourning session in Tel Aviv. Blessed be his memory.<ref>{{Cite web|url = http://mcs.gov.il/inec/personalities/Pages/RabinCeremony.aspx|script-title = he:יצחק רבין – ביוגרפיה|date = 2010-12-29|access-date = 2015-05-06|website = Ministry of Culture and Sport|language = he|trans-title = Yitzhak Rabin – Biography|archive-date = 2015-05-06|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20150506154929/http://mcs.gov.il/inec/personalities/Pages/RabinCeremony.aspx|url-status = dead}}</ref></blockquote>

[[File:Assassination of Prime Minister Yitzhak Rabin, 1995 XI Dan Hadani Archive (1).jpg|thumb|Blood-stained copy of the lyrics of "[[Shir LaShalom]]" ("Song for Peace"), found in Rabin's pocket after the assassination]]

In Rabin's pocket was a blood-stained sheet of paper with the lyrics to the well-known Israeli song "[[Shir LaShalom]]" ("Song for Peace"), which was sung at the rally and dwells on the impossibility of bringing a dead person back to life and, therefore, the need for peace.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Schmemann|first1=Serge|title=Assassination in Israel; Rabin Slain After Peace Rally in Tel Aviv; Israeli Gunman Held; Says He Acted Alone |newspaper=The New York Times|date=5 November 1995|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1995/11/05/world/assassination-israel-overview-rabin-slain-after-peace-rally-tel-aviv-israeli.html?pagewanted=all}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last1=Shlaim|first1=Avi|title=The Iron Wall: Israel and the Arab World|date=2014|publisher=Norton Paperback|isbn=9780393346862|page=567|edition=Second}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|last1=Morris|first1=Benny|title=After Rabin |journal=Journal of Palestine Studies |volume= 25 |issue= 2 |date=Winter 1996|pages=77–87|doi=10.2307/2538187|jstor=2538187}}</ref>

Shortly after Rabin's death, an emergency meeting of the Israeli cabinet was held during which [[Shimon Peres]], then serving as Foreign Minister, was appointed acting Prime Minister.

About three hours after Rabin's death, [[Yehuda Hiss]], the Israeli government's chief pathologist, arrived at Ichilov Hospital to conduct an autopsy together with two assistants, including a photographer.<ref name=thisamericanlife/><ref name="guardian"/> The autopsy found that one bullet had entered Rabin's lower back, ruptured his spleen, and punctured his left lung, while the other pierced his back below the collarbone, smashed through his ribcage, and pierced his right lung. Hiss concluded that Rabin had died of massive blood loss and the collapse of both of his lungs, and that his chances of surviving the shooting had been extremely low. A subsequent brain scan found an embolism in one of Rabin's cerebral arteries, a large pocket of air which had entered his bloodstream in the lungs and traveled to the brain, restricting the flow of blood and oxygen. This blockage had hindered the resuscitation effort.<ref name=guardian/>

Amir was interrogated by Chief Superintendent Motti Naftali. He made a full confession and after being told that Rabin had died, Amir expressed joy and asked to be brought [[schnapps]] to make a celebratory toast. Police officers and [[Shin Bet]] agents subsequently raided the Amir family home in Herzliya, where they arrested Amir's brother Hagai, whom he had implicated as an accomplice during his interrogation.<ref name=guardian/>

==Aftermath==
===Rabin's funeral===
[[File:ShalomHaver - Yitzhak Rabin's Funeral.ogv|thumb|left|US president [[Bill Clinton]] at Rabin's funeral.  The final words were in Hebrew – "Shalom, Haver" (Hebrew: שלום חבר, lit. Goodbye, Friend)]]
The [[Bereavement in Judaism|funeral]] of Rabin took place on November 6,<ref>{{Cite web |date=6 November 1995 |title='Soldier for peace' Rabin buried |url=http://www.cnn.com/WORLD/9511/rabin/funeral/wrap/index.html |website=CNN}}</ref> two days after the assassination, at the [[Mount Herzl]] cemetery in [[Jerusalem]], where Rabin was later buried. Hundreds of world leaders, including about 80 [[Head of state|heads of state]], attended the funeral.<ref>"[http://www.mfa.gov.il/MFA/MFAArchive/1990_1999/1995/11/World%20Leaders%20at%20PM%20Rabin-s%20 "World Leaders in Attendance at the Funeral of the Late Prime Minister Yitzhak Rabin]." 6 November 1995. Ministry of Foreign Affairs.</ref> President of the United States [[Bill Clinton]],<ref>"[http://www.mfa.gov.il/MFA/MFAArchive/1990_1999/1995/11/Rabin%20Eulogy-%20President%20Clinton Eulogy for the Late Prime Minister and Defense Minister Yitzhak Rabin by U.S. President Bill Clinton]." 6 November 1995. Ministry of Foreign Affairs.</ref> [[Hussein of Jordan|King Hussein of Jordan]],<ref>"[http://www.mfa.gov.il/MFA/MFAArchive/1990_1999/1995/11/Rabin%20Funeral-%20Eulogy%20by%20King%20Hussein Eulogy for the Late Prime Minister and Defense Yitzhak Rabin by His Majesty King Hussein of Jordan]." 6 November 1995. Ministry of Foreign Affairs.</ref> Queen [[Beatrix of the Netherlands]],<ref>"http://vorige.nrc.nl/redactie/Web/Nieuws/19951106/01.html" NRC Handelsblad, 6 November 1995.</ref> Russian Prime Minister [[Viktor Chernomyrdin]],<ref>"[http://www.mfa.gov.il/MFA/MFAArchive/1990_1999/1995/11/Rabin%20Funeral-%20Eulogy%20by%20Viktor%20Chernomyrdin Eulogy for the Late Prime Minister and Defense Yitzhak Rabin by Russian Prime Minister Viktor Chernomyrdin]." 6 November 1995. Ministry of Foreign Affairs.</ref> Spanish Prime Minister and European Council President-in-Office [[Felipe González]],<ref>"[http://www.mfa.gov.il/MFA/MFAArchive/1990_1999/1995/11/Rabin%20Funeral-%20Eulogy%20by%20Felipe%20Gonzalez Eulogy for the Late Prime Minister and Defense Minister Yitzhak Rabin by Felipe Gonzalez, Prime Minister of Spain and Current EU President]." 6 November 1995. Ministry of Foreign Affairs.</ref> Prime Minister of Canada [[Jean Chrétien]], acting Israeli Prime Minister and Foreign Minister [[Shimon Peres]],<ref>"[http://www.mfa.gov.il/MFA/MFAArchive/1990_1999/1995/11/Rabin%20Funeral-%20Eulogy%20by%20PM%20Peres Eulogy for the Late Prime Minister and Defense Minister Yitzhak Rabin by Acting Prime Minister and Foreign Minister Shimon Peres]." 6 November 1995. Ministry of Foreign Affairs.</ref> United Nations Secretary-General [[Boutros Boutros-Ghali]],<ref>"[http://www.mfa.gov.il/MFA/MFAArchive/1990_1999/1995/11/Rabin%20Funeral-%20Boutros-Ghali%20Eulogy Eulogy for the Late Prime Minister and Defense Minister Yitzhak Rabin by Boutros Boutros-Ghali, Secretary-General of the United Nations]." 6 November 1995. Ministry of Foreign Affairs.</ref> Egyptian President [[Hosni Mubarak]],<ref>"[http://www.mfa.gov.il/MFA/MFAArchive/1990_1999/1995/11/Rabin%20Funeral-%20Eulogy%20by%20Hosni%20Mubarak Eulogy for the Late Prime Minister and Defense Yitzhak Rabin by Egyptian President Hosni Mubarak]." 6 November 1995. Ministry of Foreign Affairs.</ref> President of the Republic of the Congo [[Denis Sassou Nguesso]], and President of Israel [[Ezer Weizman]]<ref>[http://www.mfa.gov.il/MFA/MFAArchive/1990_1999/1995/11/Rabin%20Funeral-%20Eulogy%20by%20President%20Weizman Eulogy for the Late Prime Minister and Defense Yitzhak Rabin by President Ezer Weizman]." 6 November 1995. Ministry of Foreign Affairs</ref> were among those present.

A national memorial day for Rabin is set on the date of his death according to the [[Hebrew calendar]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=חוקים לזכרו של יצחק רבין |trans-title=Laws in memory of Yitzhak Rabin |url=https://www.knesset.gov.il/laws/special/heb/rabinlaws2.htm |access-date=3 November 2020 |publisher=[[Knesset]] |language=he}}</ref>

===Trial===
Yigal Amir was tried for Rabin's murder,<ref>{{cite news|first=Serge|last=Schmemann|title=Rabin's Killer Charged With Murder, 2 Others With Conspiracy|work=[[The New York Times]]|date=December 6, 1995|access-date=April 26, 2009|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1995/12/06/world/rabin-s-killer-charged-with-murder-2-others-with-conspiracy.html}}</ref> while his brother [[Hagai Amir]] and [[Dror Adani]], who were his accomplices in the murder, were tried for conspiracy to murder Rabin. Yigal Amir was convicted and sentenced to life imprisonment for Rabin's murder and an additional six years for injuring Yoram Rubin.<ref name=mfa>{{cite web | url=http://www.israel.org/MFA/MFA-Archive/1996/Pages/Excerpts%20of%20Yigal%20Amir%20Sentencing%20Decision%20-%20March.aspx | title = Excerpts of Yigal Amir Sentencing Decision | date = March 27, 1996 | work = mfa.gov.il | quote = Following are excerpts of the sentencing decision which was rendered today (Wednesday), 27.03.96, by a three-judge panel of the Tel Aviv-Jaffa District Court in the case of the State of Israel vs. Yigal Amir (the panel was composed of Presiding Judge Edmund A. Levy, Judge Saviyona Rotlevy, and Judge Oded Mudrich: ...}}</ref> While in Israel it is customary for the President to reduce a life sentence to a set period, usually 20–30 years, with a possibility for further reduction for good behavior, Amir's sentence was not reduced.<ref>{{cite news| first = Greer | last = Fay Cashman | title = Katsav: No pardon for Rabin's assassin | work = [[Jerusalem Post]] | page = 3 | format = full access requires payment | date = Nov 4, 2005| access-date = April 25, 2009 | url = https://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/jpost/access/929796621.html?dids=929796621:929796621&FMT=ABS&FMTS=ABS:FT&date=Nov+04,+2005 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120127173805/http://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/jpost/access/929796621.html?dids=929796621:929796621&FMT=ABS&FMTS=ABS:FT&date=Nov+04,+2005 | url-status = dead | archive-date = January 27, 2012 | quote=President [[Moshe Katsav]] declared on Thursday that there was "no forgiveness, no absolution and no pardon" for Yigal Amir, the assassin of prime minister Yitzhak Rabin. Katsav said Amir "has no right to clemency", adding that there was no reason to feel pity for him. Katsav said he would recommend to the next president not to allow the subject of a reduced sentence for Amir to come up for consideration.}}</ref> In 2001, the Knesset later passed the Yigal Amir Law, which prohibits a parole board from recommending a pardon or reduction in a sentence for the assassin of a Prime Minister.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2001/12/20/world/new-law-bars-rabin-s-killer-from-pardon-or-commutation.html |title=New Law Bars Rabin's Killer From Pardon or Commutation |last=Greenberg |first=Joel |date=20 December 2001 |work=New York Times |access-date=3 November 2020}}</ref> Adani was sentenced to seven years imprisonment, while Hagai Amir was sentenced to 12 years in prison, increased to 16 years upon appeal, and later received an additional year in prison for threatening to kill Prime Minister [[Ariel Sharon]]. Adani was released in 2002 and Hagai Amir in 2012. Yigal Amir remains incarcerated.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/wife-of-jailed-rabin-assassin-yigal-amir-registers-party-calling-for-his-freedom/ |title=Wife of jailed Rabin assassin Yigal Amir registers party calling for his freedom |last=Wootliff |first=Raoul |date=14 January 2020 |publisher=Times of Israel |access-date=3 November 2020}}</ref>

After the murder, it was revealed that [[Avishai Raviv]], a well known right-wing extremist at the time, was a [[Shin Bet]] agent-informer codenamed 'Champagne'. Raviv was later acquitted in court of charges that he failed to prevent the assassination; the court ruled there was no evidence that Raviv knew assassin Yigal Amir was plotting to kill Rabin.<ref>{{cite news |author=Reinfeld |first=Moshe |date=1 April 2003 |title=Avishai Raviv acquitted of having failed to prevent Rabin assassination |url=http://www.haaretz.com/print-edition/news/avishai-raviv-acquitted-of-having-failed-to-prevent-rabin-assassination-1.14368 |access-date=8 September 2013 |newspaper=Haaretz}}</ref>

===Social impact===
[[File:Kikar rabin.jpg|thumb|The monument at the site of the assassination]]

Rabin's assassination shocked the Israeli public. Rallies and memorials took place near Kings of Israel Square – later renamed Rabin Square in his honor{{snd}}as well as near Rabin's home, the [[Knesset]] building, and the home of the assassin. Many other streets and public buildings within Israel and internationally were named for Rabin as well.<ref>{{cite news |title=גרסה להדפסה: מדינה שלמה על שם רבין |trans-title=Printable version: An entire country named after Rabin |url=http://news.walla.co.il/?w=//803587/@@/item/printer |access-date=31 August 2011 |publisher=walla.co.il |language=he}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.abc.es/hemeroteca/historico-16-12-2006/Madrid/abierta-la-glorieta-de-isaac-rabin_153470955023.html |title=Abierta la glorieta de Isaac Rabin |publisher=abc.es |access-date=11 May 2014}}</ref>

The assassination has been described as emblematic of a ''[[kulturkampf]]'' ("cultural struggle") between religious right-wing and secular left-wing forces within Israel.{{refn|name=Seliktar}}{{refn|name=Shain}}<ref>{{cite book |editor-last=Peleg |editor-first=Ilan |title=The Middle East Peace Process: Interdisciplinary Perspectives |date=2012 |publisher=SUNY Press |isbn=978-1-43-841576-5 |pages=249–250 |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=MVEvieysltsC&q=rabin+kulturkampf  |chapter=The Peace Process and Israel's Political Kulturkampf}}</ref> Ilan Peleg of the [[Middle East Institute]] has described Rabin's assassination as "reflecting a deep cultural divide within Israel's body politic [...] intimately connected with the peace process"{{sfnp|Peleg|2012|p=238}} which illustrates both increased polarization and political conflict in the country.{{sfnp|Peleg|2012|p=250}}

[[File:Rabin Grave.jpg|thumb|left|Rabin's grave, 1995]] 
On 28 March 1996, the [[Shamgar Commission]] issued its final report into the assassination. It was critical of Shin Bet for putting the Prime Minister at risk and ignoring threats to his life from Jewish extremists.{{sfnp|Ephron|2015|pp=229–30}}

Due to the ultimate failure of further progress on the Oslo Accords, there is a popular view that the assassination is the most "successful" political assassination in modern history, due to it achieving the goal of its perpetrator of forestalling the Oslo peace process.<ref>Attributed to multiple references:
*{{cite web |title=The Most Successful Assassination in History |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/m000p1gd |website=BBC – Radio 4 |access-date=17 April 2023}}
*{{cite web |last1=Prusher |first1=Ilene |title='Killing a King' Examines Assassination of Yitzhak Rabin |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2015/11/15/books/review/killing-a-king-examines-assassination-of-yitzhak-rabin.html |website=The New York Times |access-date=17 April 2023 |date=4 November 2015}}
*{{cite journal |last1=Rabinovich |first1=Itamar |title=The Rabin Assassination as a Turning Point in Israel's History |journal=Israel Studies |date=2018 |volume=23 |issue=3 |pages=25–29 |doi=10.2979/israelstudies.23.3.05 |jstor=10.2979/israelstudies.23.3.05 |s2cid=150349442 |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.2979/israelstudies.23.3.05 |access-date=17 April 2023 |issn=1084-9513|url-access=subscription }}
*{{cite web |title=Opinion: Rabin's assassination marked the end of the two-state solution |url=http://america.aljazeera.com/opinions/2015/11/rabins-assassination-marked-the-end-of-the-two-state-solution.html |website=america.aljazeera.com |access-date=17 April 2023 |last=Sheizaf |first=Noam |date=November 4, 2015}}
*{{cite web |last1=Nir |first1=Ori |title=Yitzhak Rabin Is Still Being Assassinated |url=https://www.haaretz.com/israel-news/2020-10-14/ty-article-opinion/.premium/yitzhak-rabin-is-still-being-assassinated/0000017f-dee2-df9c-a17f-fefa29ea0000 |website=Haaretz |access-date=17 April 2023 |language=en |date=October 14, 2020}}
*{{Cite news |last=Freedland |first=Jonathan |date=2020-10-31 |title=The assassination of Yitzhak Rabin: 'He Never Knew it Was One of His People Who Shot Him in the Back' |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/oct/31/assassination-yitzhak-rabin-never-knew-his-people-shot-him-in-back |access-date=2024-01-18 |work=The Guardian |language=en-GB |issn=0261-3077}}
</ref>
{{Clear}}
==See also==
* [[Kempler video]]
* [[Yitzhak Rabin assassination conspiracy theories]]
{{Clear}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==Further reading==
* {{Cite book |last1=Karpin |first1=Michael |title=Murder in the Name of God: The Plot to Kill Yitzhak Rabin |last2=Friedman |first2=Ina |publisher=[[Granta]] |year=1998 |isbn=0-8050-5749-8}}

==External links==
{{commons category}}
{{Wikiquote}}
* [http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/4431728.stm "Israel marks Rabin assassination"], [[BBC]], Nov 12, 2005
* [http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/4432332.stm "A sombre night in Rabin Square"], [[BBC]], Nov 12, 2005
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20090727000353/http://www.professors.org.il/docs/20000204-haa-rabin-doctors.txt Could He Have Been Saved?] An article by Ronen Bergman in ''Haaretz''
* [http://video.google.com/videoplay?docid=-7368409094401324350&q=rabin+murder 10-minute video of Rabin's assassination] hosted on [[Google Video]]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20081003055702/http://www.cnn.com/WORLD/9512/israel_rabin/rabin_assasination.mov Assassination part of the Kempler video on CNN (10 seconds)]
* [http://koenraadelst.bharatvani.org/articles/fascism/2murders.html Koenraad Elst on Yitzhak Rabin's Assassination] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080513164923/http://koenraadelst.bharatvani.org/articles/fascism/2murders.html |date=2008-05-13 }}
* {{Cite episode |title=The Night in Question |url=http://www.thisamericanlife.org/radio-archives/episode/570/the-night-in-question |series=This American Life |series-link=This American Life |network=[[Public Radio Exchange]] |station=[[WBEZ]] |location=Chicago |date=October 16, 2015 |number=570 |access-date=October 17, 2015}} Covers the assassination and its conspiracy theories, including an interview with Yigal Amir's brother and co-conspirator [[Hagai Amir]] and a new forensic examination of the shirt Rabin was wearing when he was shot.

{{DEFAULTSORT:Rabin, Yitzhak, Assassination Of}}
[[Category:Assassination of Yitzhak Rabin| ]]
[[Category:1990s in Tel Aviv]]
[[Category:Assassinations in Israel]]
[[Category:Far-right politics in Israel]]
[[Category:Filmed assassinations]]
[[Category:November 1995 in Asia]]
[[Category:1995 murders in Israel]]
[[Category:Zionist political violence]]