View source for Arpa Ke'un

{{Infobox royalty
| name         = Arpa Ke'un
| image        = سکه آرپاخان.jpg
| succession   = [[Il-Khan]]
| predecessor  = [[Abu Sa'id Bahadur Khan|Abu Sa'id]]
| successor    = [[Musa (Ilkhanid dynasty)|Musa]]
| reign        = 1335–1336
| coronation   = 5 December 1335
| death_date   = 15 May 1336
| spouse       = [[Sati Beg]]
| regnal name  = Sultan Muiz al-Dunya wa'l-Din Mahmud Arpa Ke'un
| house        = [[Borjigin]]
| regent       = [[Ghiyas al-Din ibn Rashid al-Din]]
| reg-type     = Vizier
| father       = Söse
}}

'''Arpa Ke'un''', also known as '''Arpa Khan''' or '''Gavon''' or '''Gawon''' ({{Langx|fa|ارپا كاون}}; died 1336),<ref name="ox">{{Cite book|title=The Oxford Handbook of Iranian History – |page=265
|url=https://books.google.com/books?isbn=0199732159|isbn=978-0199732159
|author=Touraj Daryaee|year=2012 |publisher=Oxford University Press, USA
}}</ref> was an [[Ilkhan]] (1335–1336) during the disintegration of the [[Ilkhanate]], the [[Mongols|Mongol]] state in Southwest Asia based in [[Persia]].

== Life ==
Not much is known of Arpa's earlier life, except that he was a member of the house of [[Tolui]]. His lineage traced back to [[Ariq Böke]], who was the youngest brother of [[Möngke]], [[Kublai]] and [[Hulagu]].<ref name="ox"/> His grandfather Mingqan Ke'un was a son of Malik Temür and Emegen Khatun and arrived in Iran during the reign of [[Öljaitü]] in the summer of 1306.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Jackson|first=Peter|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=uiOMDgAAQBAJ|title=The Mongols and the Islamic World: From Conquest to Conversion|date=2017-04-04|publisher=Yale University Press|isbn=978-0-300-22728-4|pages=206|language=en}}</ref>

== Reign ==
He was nominated to the throne by [[Abu Sa'id Bahadur Khan|Abu Sa'id]]'s vizier [[Ghiyas al-Din ibn Rashid al-Din|Ghiyas al-Din]] and was elected 5 days later with a regnal title '''Sultan Muiz al-Dunya wa'l Din Mahmud''' on [[Karabakh]].<ref name="iranica"/> Instead of a golden crown, he had a felt and simple waistband as regaila.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book|last=Lane|first=George|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=thOMDwAAQBAJ|title=A Short History of the Mongols|date=2018-01-25|publisher=Bloomsbury Publishing|isbn=978-1-78673-339-9|pages=141|language=en}}</ref> Almost immediately he had to deal with an invasion by [[Öz Beg Khan|Özbeg]] of the [[Golden Horde]]. He defeated the invasion, and furthermore used it as a pretext for executing Abu Sa'id's widow [[Bagdad Katun|Baghdad Khatun]], accusing her of poisoning Abu Sa'id and allying with Özbeg<ref name="ox" /> He afterwards married [[Sati Beg]], Abu Sa'id's sister and widow of [[Chupan]] in order to legitimize his rule.<ref name="iranica">{{Cite web|url=http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/arpa-khan|access-date=2017-11-08|title=Arpa Khan}}</ref> Another execution was of Mahmudshah Inju, former ruler of [[Fars province]] in March 1336 (he was imprisoned by Abu Sa'id earlier because of his attempt on Ilkhan's life). He also gave [[Hasan Buzurg|Shaykh Hasan]] the overall command of armies.

He was characterized as not practising Islam and more in favour of [[Genghis Khan]]'s [[Yassa|Yasa]], mostly ignoring laws of the Muslim khans like [[Ghazan]] and Abu Sa'id.<ref name=":0"/> His rule was not accepted by a part of [[Oirats]], whose leader and the governor of [[Baghdad]] – [[Ali Padshah]] was an uncle of Abu Sa'id and had his own designs on the throne. Claiming Abu Sa'id's wife [[Dilshad Khatun]] was still pregnant, he raised Musa, the grandson of [[Baydu]] as rightful heir to the throne. Oirat traditional rivalry with Ariq Böke's line could also be a factor in this rebellion.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Landa, Ishayahu|date=2016|title=Oirats in the Ilkhanate and the Mamluk Sultanate in the Thirteenth to the Early Fifteenth Centuries: Two Cases of Assimilation into the Muslim Environment (MSR XIX, 2016)|publisher=The Middle East Documentation Center (MEDOC)|language=en|doi=10.6082/m1b27sg2}}</ref>

After securing Shaykh Hasan's neutrality, Ali Padshah went on to fight Arpa on [[Zarrineh River|Jaghatu]] plains near [[Maraga]] culminating in the [[Battle of Jaghatu]] on 29 April 1336. Arpa's army was led by 60 umara, notably Hajji Taghay (son of [[Sutay]], Governor of [[Diyarbakir]]), Uyghur commander Ögrünch, Torut (a son of Nari and relative of Narin Taghay), Ortuq-Shah (son of Alghu) and [[Chupan]]'s son Sorgan Sira. However, soon some emirs defected to the side of Ali Padshah, such as Mahmud b. Essen Qutlugh and Sultanshah Nikruz. The battle was a defeat for Arpa and soon after he was captured in [[Soltaniyeh|Sultaniya]] and killed on 15 May 1336 by Mahmudshah's son, Amir Jalal al-Din Mas'ud Shah.<ref name="iranica"/>

== Ancestry ==
{{Ahnentafel|Arpa Ke'un|Söse|4=Mingqan|8=Malik Temür|9=Amagan Khatun|16=[[Ariq Böke]]|18=Bars Buqa|collapsed=no|boxstyle_1=background-color: #fcc|boxstyle_2=background-color: #fb9|boxstyle_3=background-color: #ffc|boxstyle_4=background-color: #bfc|boxstyle_5=background-color: #9fe|align=center}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{s-start}}
{{s-reg}}
{{s-bef
| before = [[Abu Sa'id (Ilkhanid dynasty)|Abu Sa'id]]
}}
{{s-ttl
| title = [[Ilkhan]]
| years = 1335–1336
}}
{{s-aft
| after = [[Musa (Ilkhanid dynasty)|Musa]]
}}
{{s-end}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Keun, Arpa}}
[[Category:1336 deaths]]
[[Category:Il-Khan emperors]]
[[Category:14th-century monarchs in Asia]]
[[Category:Year of birth unknown]]
[[Category:Executed monarchs]]