View source for Archdiocese of Turku

{{Short description|Part of the Evangelical Lutheran Church of Finland}}
{{For|the only Roman Catholic Finnish diocese|Roman Catholic Diocese of Helsinki}}
{{Infobox diocese
| jurisdiction      = Archdiocese <!-- Type of jurisdiction: i.e. Diocese or Archdiocese -->
| name              = Turku <!-- Place name(s) of the diocese (or archdiocese) -->
| latin             = <!-- Latin name of the diocese (or archdiocese) -->
| local             = {{lang|fi|Turun arkkihiippakunta}}<br>{{lang|sv|Åbo ärkestift}}<!-- Name in the native language --> 
| image             = Turun tuomiokirkko.jpg 
| image_size        = 100 px
| image_alt         = 
| caption           = Turku Cathedral
<!---- Locations ---->
| country           = [[Finland]]
| territory         = 
| province          = Turku & Finland
| metropolitan      = Archbishop of Turku & Finland
| archdeaconries    = 
| deaneries         = 5
| subdivisions      = 
| coordinates       = <!-- Use {{coord}} -->
<!---- Statistics ---->
| area_km2          = <!-- Area in square kilometers, automatically converted -->
| area_sqmi         = <!-- Area in square miles, automatically converted -->
| area_footnotes    = 
| population        = 
| population_as_of  = 
| parishes          = 51
| churches          = <!-- Number of churches in the diocese -->
| congregations     = <!-- Number of congregations in the diocese -->
| schools           = <!-- Number of church supported schools in the diocese -->
| members           = <!-- Number of members in the diocese -->
<!---- Information ---->
| denomination      = [[Evangelical Lutheran Church of Finland]]
| rite              = <!-- e.g., [[Latin Rite]] -->
| established       = 12th Century 
| cathedral         = [[Turku Cathedral]] <!-- Cathedral that serves as the seat of the diocese -->
| cocathedral       = 
| patron            = <!-- Patron saint(s) of the diocese (or archdiocese) -->
| patron_title      = <!-- Use to override the default label "Patron saint" -->
| priests           = <!-- Number of priests in the diocese -->
<!---- Current leadership ---->
| pope              =  <!-- DO NOT CHANGE. This will update the Popes Automatically as they change -->
| patriarch         = 
| major_archbishop  = 
| bishop            = [[Mari Leppänen]] <!-- Name and title of the current ordinary of the diocese -->
| bishop_title      = Bishops <!-- Type of ordinary: i.e. Bishop or Archbishop. Default is Bishop -->
| metro_archbishop  = [[Tapio Luoma]]
| coadjutor         = 
| suffragan        = 
| auxiliary_bishops = <!-- List most senior first (usually reckoned by date of consecration) -->
| apostolic_admin   = 
| vicar_general     = 
| episcopal_vicar   =
| archdeacons       = <!-- List most senior first (usually reckoned by date of first collation); use | archdeacon = for one-->
| emeritus_bishops  = [[Kaarlo Kalliala]]
<!---- Map ---->
| map               = 
| map_size          = 
| map_alt           = 
| map_caption       = 
<!---- Website ---->
| website           = [http://www.arkkihiippakunta.fi/ www.arkkihiippakunta.fi]<!-- [http://example.com example.com] -->
| footnotes         = 
}}
The '''Archdiocese of Turku''' ({{langx|fi|Turun arkkihiippakunta}}, {{langx|sv|Åbo ärkestift}}), historically known as ''[[Roman Catholic Diocese of Åbo|Archdiocese of Åbo]]'', is the seat of the Archbishop of Turku. It is a part of the [[Evangelical Lutheran Church of Finland]], and its [[see city]] is [[Turku]].

The Archbishop has many administrative tasks relating to the National church, and is the Metropolitan and [[Primate (bishop)|Primate]] of the church. In common with other Lutheran and Anglican churches{{citation needed|date=June 2021}} the Archbishop is considered ''[[primus inter pares]]'' while all [[diocesan bishop]]s retain their independence within their respective jurisdictions. This also applies to the Bishop of Turku Archdiocese. The Archdiocese of Turku has a unique episcopal structure, as there are two bishops in the Diocese.

== History ==
Influenced by [[papal bull]]s, Swedish magnates in the 12th century set up [[crusade|crusading]] expeditions to convert the heathens in the eastern [[Baltic Sea|Baltic]]. This resulted in the establishment of the [[Catholic Church]], the [[Christianity|Christian]] religion and the [[Sweden|Swedish]] conquest of southern [[Finland]] in 1249. [[Turku]], or ''Åbo'', became the principal city in Finland and residence of a Bishopric (the '''Bishopric of Turku'''; or '''''episcopus Aboensis'''''). As a result of [[Protestant Reformation]] in the 16th century, the Catholic Church had to give way for the [[Church of Sweden|Lutheran state church]] that was established by [[Gustav Vasa|King Gustav Vasa of Sweden]]. The principal ecclesiastical reformer in Finland was [[Mikael Agricola]] who from 1554 onward was also the Bishop of the Turku Diocese.

After the [[Finnish War]] in 1809, Finland became a part of the [[Imperial Russia|Russian Empire]] as an autonomous Grand Duchy. In 1817 the [[Bishop]] was elevated to the status of [[Archbishop]] and thus became the head of the Church in Finland. The Lutheran Church thereby became the state church of the Grand Duchy. In 1870, the church was detached from the state as a separate judicial entity. After Finland had gained independence in 1917, through the constitution of 1919 and the act on religious freedom of 1922 the [[Evangelical Lutheran Church of Finland]] became a [[national church]] of Finland (along with the [[Finnish Orthodox Church]], which however did not get a constitutional position).

==Archbishop of Turku and Finland==
The bishopric of Turku was elevated to an archbishopric in 1817. Since then, the Ordinary has held the full official title of Archbishop of Turku and Finland. There has been an unbroken [[List of bishops of Turku|succession of archbishops]] in Finland. Since the retirement of Archbishop [[Kari Mäkinen]] in 2018, [[Tapio Luoma]] has been the incumbent Archbishop of Turku and Finland. He previously served as the [[Bishop of Espoo]] (2012–2018).

==Bishop of Turku Archdiocese==
Since 1998, there have been two diocesan bishops in the Turku Archdiocese: the Bishop of Turku Archdiocese and [[Archbishop of Turku|the Archbishop of Turku and Finland]]. Neither of the two is a [[Suffragan bishop|suffragan]] as there are no suffragan bishops in the Evangelical Lutheran Church of Finland. Episcopal oversight of the Archdiocese is shared between the Bishop and the Archbishop. According to the decision of the ELCF General Synod, the area of the primary oversight of the Bishop of Turku Archdiocese consists of 42 parishes, whereas the Archbishop's primary diocesan oversight covers the deanery of Turku which consists of 9 parishes. Moreover, the Bishop of Turku Archdiocese is in charge of the day-to-day running of the Diocesan Chapter.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.arkkihiippakunta.fi/piispa/|title=Piispa - Turun arkkihiippakunta|website=Arkkihiippakunta.fi|access-date=6 June 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180604045800/http://www.arkkihiippakunta.fi/piispa/|archive-date=4 June 2018|url-status=dead}} {{verify source |date=September 2019 |reason=This ref was deleted Special:Diff/904624868 by a bug in VisualEditor and later restored by a bot from the original cite located at Special:Permalink/873131163 cite #1 - verify the cite is accurate and delete this template. [[User:GreenC bot/Job 18]]}}</ref> This arrangement allows for the Archbishop to take a leading role on the national and international ecclesiastical stages. Since 2021, the incumbent Bishop of Turku Archdiocese has been [[Mari Leppänen]]

== See also ==
* [[List of bishops of Turku]]
* [[Turku Cathedral]]
* [[List of Lutheran dioceses and archdioceses]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
{{Commons category}}
*[http://www.arkkihiippakunta.fi/ Archdiocese of Turku] {{in lang|fi}}
*[http://www.evl.fi/english/ Evangelical Lutheran Church of Finland]

{{Evangelical Lutheran Church of Finland}}
{{Catholic dioceses in the Nordic countries}}
{{Lutheran Archbishops, Presiding Bishops, and Primates}}
{{Authority control}}
{{Coord missing|Sweden}}

[[Category:Lutheran archbishops by diocese|Turku]]
[[Category:Dioceses established in the 13th century]]
[[Category:Evangelical Lutheran Church of Finland dioceses| Turku]]
[[Category:Former Catholic dioceses in Sweden]]