View source for Appalachian Ohio

{{Short description|Region of Ohio}}
[[File:Appalachian Ohio.png|thumb|300px|right| Appalachian Ohio, shaded in green, shown within [[Appalachia]].]]

'''Appalachian Ohio''' is a [[bioregion]] and political unit in the southeastern part of the [[U.S. state]] of [[Ohio]], characterized by the western foothills of the [[Appalachian Mountains]] and the [[Appalachian Plateau]]. The [[Appalachian Regional Commission]] defines the region as consisting of thirty-two counties.<ref name="arc">[http://www.arc.gov/counties "Counties in Appalachia"], Appalachian Regional Commission website. Retrieved 2012-Jan-13.</ref> This region roughly overlaps with the [[Appalachian mixed mesophytic forests|Appalachian mixed-mesophytic forests]], which begin in southeast Ohio and southwest [[Pennsylvania]] and continue south to [[Georgia (U.S. state)|Georgia]] and [[Alabama]]. The mixed-mesophytic forest is found only in Central and Southern [[Appalachia]] and eastern/central [[China]].  It is one of the most biodiverse temperate forests in the world.

Geologically, Appalachian Ohio corresponds closely to the [[terminal moraine]] of an ancient [[glacier]] that runs southwest to northeast through the state.  Areas south and east of the moraine are characterized by rough, irregular hills and hollows, characteristic of the [[Allegheny Plateau]] and [[Cumberland Plateau]]s of the western [[Appalachian Plateau]] System.  Unlike eastern Appalachia, this region does not have long fin-like ridges like those of the [[Ridge-and-Valley Appalachians]] subranges, but a network of rocky hollows and hills going in all directions.

The region is considered part of "central Appalachia", a political, cultural, and bioregional classification that includes southeastern Ohio, [[Eastern Mountain Coal Fields|Eastern Kentucky]], most of [[West Virginia]] and [[Southwest Virginia|Southwestern Virginia]]. The region has a total population of roughly 1.982 million.

== Counties and county seats ==
[[File:Appalachian Ohio Counties.svg|thumb|right|250px|Counties of Appalachian Ohio, with East Central region in yellow, South East region in red, and Southern region in blue
{|
| valign="top" width="15%"|
1. [[Adams County, Ohio|Adams County]]<br>
2. [[Ashtabula County, Ohio|Ashtabula County]]<br>
3. [[Athens County, Ohio|Athens County]]<br>
4. [[Belmont County, Ohio|Belmont County]]<br>
5. [[Brown County, Ohio|Brown County]]<br>
6. [[Carroll County, Ohio|Carroll County]]<br>
7. [[Clermont County, Ohio|Clermont County]]<br>
8. [[Columbiana County, Ohio|Columbiana County]]<br>
9. [[Coshocton County, Ohio|Coshocton County]]<br>
10. [[Gallia County, Ohio|Gallia County]]<br>
11. [[Guernsey County, Ohio|Guernsey County]]<br>
12. [[Harrison County, Ohio|Harrison County]]<br>
13. [[Highland County, Ohio|Highland County]]<br>
14. [[Hocking County, Ohio|Hocking County]]<br>
15. [[Holmes County, Ohio|Holmes County]]<br>
16. [[Jackson County, Ohio|Jackson County]]
| valign="top" width="15%"|
17. [[Jefferson County, Ohio|Jefferson County]]<br>
18. [[Lawrence County, Ohio|Lawrence County]]<br>
19. [[Mahoning County, Ohio|Mahoning County]]<br>
20. [[Meigs County, Ohio|Meigs County]]<br>
21. [[Monroe County, Ohio|Monroe County]]<br>
22. [[Morgan County, Ohio|Morgan County]]<br>
23. [[Muskingum County, Ohio|Muskingum County]]<br>
24. [[Noble County, Ohio|Noble County]]<br>
25. [[Perry County, Ohio|Perry County]]<br>
26. [[Pike County, Ohio|Pike County]]<br>
27. [[Ross County, Ohio|Ross County]]<br>
28. [[Scioto County, Ohio|Scioto County]]<br>
29. [[Trumbull County, Ohio|Trumbull County]]<br>
30. [[Tuscarawas County, Ohio|Tuscarawas County]]<br>
31. [[Vinton County, Ohio|Vinton County]]<br>
32. [[Washington County, Ohio|Washington County]]
|}]]

The Governor's Office of Appalachia subdivides the 32 counties of Appalachian Ohio into three smaller regions: East Central Ohio, South East Ohio, and Southern Ohio.<ref name="arc"/><ref>[http://www.firstohio.com/maps/map_main.aspx?ItemID=2&CatID=2 County Map] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110718190540/http://www.firstohio.com/maps/map_main.aspx?ItemID=2&CatID=2 |date=July 18, 2011 }}, Governor's Office of Appalachia, 2008. Retrieved December 10, 2008.</ref> The following lists include each county in the region and its county seat.

{|
|-
! align="left" | East Central Ohio
! align="left" | South East Ohio
! align="left" | Southern Ohio
|- valign="top"
|
*[[Ashtabula County, Ohio|Ashtabula]] – [[Jefferson, Ohio|Jefferson]]
*[[Belmont County, Ohio|Belmont]] – [[St. Clairsville, Ohio|St. Clairsville]]
*[[Carroll County, Ohio|Carroll]] – [[Carrollton, Ohio|Carrollton]]
*[[Columbiana County, Ohio|Columbiana]] – [[Lisbon, Ohio|Lisbon]]
*[[Coshocton County, Ohio|Coshocton]] – [[Coshocton, Ohio|Coshocton]]
*[[Guernsey County, Ohio|Guernsey]] – [[Cambridge, Ohio|Cambridge]]
*[[Harrison County, Ohio|Harrison]] – [[Cadiz, Ohio|Cadiz]]
*[[Holmes County, Ohio|Holmes]] – [[Millersburg, Ohio|Millersburg]]
*[[Jefferson County, Ohio|Jefferson]] – [[Steubenville, Ohio|Steubenville]]
*[[Mahoning County, Ohio|Mahoning]] – [[Youngstown, Ohio|Youngstown]]
*[[Muskingum County, Ohio|Muskingum]] – [[Zanesville, Ohio|Zanesville]]
*[[Trumbull County, Ohio|Trumbull]] – [[Warren, Ohio|Warren]]
*[[Tuscarawas County, Ohio|Tuscarawas]] – [[New Philadelphia, Ohio|New Philadelphia]]
|
*[[Athens County, Ohio|Athens]] – [[Athens, Ohio|Athens]]
*[[Hocking County, Ohio|Hocking]] – [[Logan, Ohio|Logan]]
*[[Meigs County, Ohio|Meigs]] – [[Pomeroy, Ohio|Pomeroy]]
*[[Monroe County, Ohio|Monroe]] – [[Woodsfield, Ohio|Woodsfield]]
*[[Morgan County, Ohio|Morgan]] – [[McConnelsville, Ohio|McConnelsville]]
*[[Noble County, Ohio|Noble]] – [[Caldwell, Ohio|Caldwell]]
*[[Perry County, Ohio|Perry]] – [[New Lexington, Ohio|New Lexington]]
*[[Washington County, Ohio|Washington]] – [[Marietta, Ohio|Marietta]]
|
*[[Adams County, Ohio|Adams]] – [[West Union, Ohio|West Union]]
*[[Brown County, Ohio|Brown]] – [[Georgetown, Ohio|Georgetown]]
*[[Clermont County, Ohio|Clermont]] – [[Batavia, Ohio|Batavia]]
*[[Gallia County, Ohio|Gallia]] – [[Gallipolis, Ohio|Gallipolis]]
*[[Highland County, Ohio|Highland]] – [[Hillsboro, Ohio|Hillsboro]]
*[[Jackson County, Ohio|Jackson]] – [[Jackson, Ohio|Jackson]]
*[[Lawrence County, Ohio|Lawrence]] – [[Ironton, Ohio|Ironton]]
*[[Pike County, Ohio|Pike]] – [[Waverly, Ohio|Waverly]]
*[[Ross County, Ohio|Ross]] – [[Chillicothe, Ohio|Chillicothe]]
*[[Scioto County, Ohio|Scioto]] – [[Portsmouth, Ohio|Portsmouth]]
*[[Vinton County, Ohio|Vinton]] – [[McArthur, Ohio|McArthur]]
|}

==Cities==
Appalachian Ohio has several cities within its borders, which as of the [[2010 United States census|2010 census]] included the following localities:<!-- all Ohio cities are 5000+, by law -->
*[[Youngstown, Ohio|Youngstown]] Population:  66,982 [[Mahoning County, Ohio|Mahoning County]] and [[Trumbull County, Ohio|Trumbull County]]
*[[Warren, Ohio|Warren]] Population:  41,557 [[Trumbull County, Ohio|Trumbull County]]
*[[Millersburg, Ohio|Millersburg]] Population:  3,151 [[Holmes County, Ohio|Holmes County]]
*[[Zanesville, Ohio|Zanesville]] Population:  25,487 [[Muskingum County, Ohio|Muskingum County]]
*[[Athens, Ohio|Athens]] Population:   23,832 [[Athens County, Ohio|Athens County]]
*[[Chillicothe, Ohio|Chillicothe]] Population:  21,901 [[Ross County, Ohio|Ross County]]
*[[Ashtabula, Ohio|Ashtabula]] Population:  19,124 [[Ashtabula County, Ohio|Ashtabula County]]
*[[Niles, Ohio|Niles]] Population:  19,266 [[Trumbull County, Ohio|Trumbull County]]
*[[Portsmouth, Ohio|Portsmouth]] Population:  20,226 [[Scioto County, Ohio|Scioto County]]
*[[Steubenville, Ohio|Steubenville]] Population:  18,659 [[Jefferson County, Ohio|Jefferson County]]
*[[New Philadelphia, Ohio|New Philadelphia]] Population:  17,288 [[Tuscarawas County, Ohio|Tuscarawas County]]
*[[Marietta, Ohio|Marietta]] Population:  14,085 [[Washington County, Ohio|Washington County]]
*[[East Liverpool, Ohio|East Liverpool]] Population:  11,195 [[Columbiana County, Ohio|Columbiana County]]
*[[Conneaut, Ohio|Conneaut]] Population:  12,841 [[Ashtabula County, Ohio|Ashtabula County]]
*[[Salem, Ohio|Salem]] Population:  12,303 [[Mahoning County, Ohio|Mahoning County]] and [[Columbiana County, Ohio|Columbiana County]]
*[[Dover, Ohio|Dover]] Population: 12,826 [[Tuscarawas County, Ohio|Tuscarawas County]]
*[[Struthers, Ohio|Struthers]] Population:  10,713 [[Mahoning County, Ohio|Mahoning County]]
*[[Coshocton, Ohio|Coshocton]] Population:  11,216  [[Coshocton County, Ohio|Coshocton County]]
*[[Cambridge, Ohio|Cambridge]] Population:  10,635 [[Guernsey County, Ohio|Guernsey County]]
*[[Ironton, Ohio|Ironton]] Population:  11,129 [[Lawrence County, Ohio|Lawrence County]]
*[[Girard, Ohio|Girard]] Population:  9,958 [[Trumbull County, Ohio|Trumbull County]]
*[[Hubbard, Ohio|Hubbard]] Population:  7,874 [[Trumbull County, Ohio|Trumbull County]]
*[[Campbell, Ohio|Campbell]] Population:  8,235 [[Mahoning County, Ohio|Mahoning County]]
*[[Canfield, Ohio|Canfield]] Population:  7,515 [[Mahoning County, Ohio|Mahoning County]]
*[[Martins Ferry, Ohio|Martins Ferry]] Population:  6,915 [[Belmont County, Ohio|Belmont County]]
*[[Cortland, Ohio|Cortland]] Population:  7,104 [[Trumbull County, Ohio|Trumbull County]]
*[[Logan, Ohio|Logan]] Population:  7,152 [[Hocking County, Ohio|Hocking County]]
*[[Belpre, Ohio|Belpre]] Population:  6,441 [[Washington County, Ohio|Washington County]]
*[[Geneva, Ohio|Geneva]] Population:  6,215 [[Ashtabula County, Ohio|Ashtabula County]]
*[[Columbiana, Ohio|Columbiana]] Population:  6,384 [[Mahoning County, Ohio|Mahoning County]] and [[Columbiana County, Ohio|Columbiana County]]
*[[Hillsboro, Ohio|Hillsboro]] Population:  6,605 [[Highland County, Ohio|Highland County]]
*[[Jackson, Ohio|Jackson]] Population:  6,397 [[Jackson County, Ohio|Jackson County]]
*[[Wellston, Ohio|Wellston]] Population:  5,663 [[Jackson County, Ohio|Jackson County]]
*[[Nelsonville, Ohio|Nelsonville]] Population:  5,392 [[Athens County, Ohio|Athens County]]
*[[St. Clairsville, Ohio|St. Clairsville]] Population:  5,184 [[Belmont County, Ohio|Belmont County]]

== Politics ==
[[File:2006 United States Senate election in Ohio results map by county.svg|thumb|right|2006 U.S. Senate election in Ohio.|125px]]
[[File:2024 United States Senate election in Ohio results map by county.svg|thumb|right|2024 U.S. Senate election in Ohio.|125px]]

With the exception of progressive cities like [[Athens, Ohio]], Appalachian Ohio has been a Republican stronghold since Donald Trump became the party's nominee in 2016. Historically, the region was a Democratic stronghold or evenly split. 

Neighboring parts of Appalachia in other states have also shifted towards the Republicans during the same time period, including [[West Virginia]] and the [[Eastern Kentucky Coalfield]]. <ref>Schwartzman, Gabe; [http://www.dailyyonder.com/how-coalfields-went-gop/2015/01/13/7668/ ‘How Central Appalachia Went Right’]; ''Daily Yonder'', January 13, 2015</ref>

Democrat [[Sherrod Brown]]'s Ohio U.S. Senate elections show the region's long-term trend towards Republicans. In [[2024 United States Senate election in Ohio|2024]], Brown only won Athens county. But in [[2006 United States Senate election in Ohio|2006]], Brown had won almost every single county in the region. 

{| class="wikitable" style="float:center; margin:1em; font-size:95%;"
|+ '''Appalachian Ohio Presidential election results'''<ref>{{Cite web |title=DRA 2020 |url=https://davesredistricting.org/maps#viewmap::1c2c1e0d-2fd1-43a8-a039-73e7023124d1 |access-date=2025-02-08 |website=Daves Redistricting}}</ref>
!Year
![[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic]]
![[Republican Party (United States)|Republican]]
![[Third party (United States)|Third parties]]
|-
| align="center" {{Party shading/Republican}} |[[2024 United States presidential election in Ohio|2024]]
| align="center" {{Party shading/Democratic}} |30.8% ''288,055''
| align="center" {{Party shading/Republican}} |'''68.4%''' ''638,561''
| align="center" {{Party shading/Independent}} |0.6% ''7,196''
|-
| align="center" {{Party shading/Republican}} |[[2020 United States presidential election in Ohio|2020]]
| align="center" {{Party shading/Democratic}} |32.7% ''313,027'''
| align="center" {{Party shading/Republican}} |'''66.0%''' ''632,243''
| align="center" {{Party shading/Independent}} |1.4% ''12,982''
|-
| align="center" {{Party shading/Republican}} |[[2016 United States presidential election in Ohio|2016]]
| align="center" {{Party shading/Democratic}} |33.3% ''298,738''
| align="center" {{Party shading/Republican}} |'''62.6%''' ''562,102''
| align="center" {{Party shading/Independent}} |4.1% ''37,224''
|-
| align="center" {{Party shading/Republican}} |[[2012 United States presidential election in Ohio|2012]]
| align="center" {{Party shading/Democratic}} |48.7% ''433,276''
| align="center" {{Party shading/Republican}} |'''51.3%''' ''456,776''
| align="center" {{Party shading/Independent}} |0% ''0''
|}

== Transportation ==
{{see also|List of airports in Ohio}}
[[John Glenn Columbus International Airport]], in [[Columbus, Ohio|Columbus]], is the largest airport and serves most of the residents in southeast Ohio. John Glenn offers primarily domestic flights. [[Cincinnati/Northern Kentucky International Airport]] to the southwest serves most of the residents of [[Cincinnati]] and its [[Cincinnati/Northern Kentucky metropolitan area|metropolitan area]], and [[Cleveland Hopkins International Airport]] to the north is also a major [[airline hub|hub airport]].

==Appalachian Regional Commission==
[[File:ARC-Ohio-designations-2012.svg|right|thumb|225px|Map showing 2012 ARC economic designations for Appalachian Ohio.]]
{{see also|List of Appalachian Regional Commission counties#Ohio}}
The [[Appalachian Regional Commission]] was formed in 1965 to aid economic development in the Appalachian region, which was lagging far behind the rest of the nation on most economic indicators.  The Appalachian region currently defined by the commission includes 420 counties in 13 states, including 32 counties in Ohio.  The commission gives each county one of five possible economic designations— distressed, at-risk, transitional, competitive, or attainment— with "distressed" counties being the most economically endangered and "attainment" counties being the most economically prosperous.  These designations are based primarily on three indicators— three-year average unemployment rate, market income per capita, and poverty rate.<ref name=arcdata>[http://www.arc.gov/index.do?nodeId=56 Appalachian Regional Commission Online Resource Center] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100111155750/http://www.arc.gov/index.do?nodeId=56 |date=January 11, 2010 }}.  Retrieved: May 15, 2009.</ref>  In 2009, Appalachian Ohio had a three-year average unemployment rate of 8.4%, compared with 7.5% statewide and 6.6% nationwide.  In 2008, Appalachian Ohio had a per capita market income of $22,294, compared with $29,344 statewide and $34,004 nationwide.  In 2009, Appalachian Ohio had a poverty rate of 16%, compared to 13.6% statewide and 13.5% nationwide.<ref>[http://www.arc.gov/reports/region_report.asp?FIPS=39999&REPORT_ID=37 "County Economic Status, Fiscal Year 2012: Appalachian Ohio"] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111015122820/http://www.arc.gov/reports/region_report.asp?FIPS=39999&REPORT_ID=37 |date=October 15, 2011 }}, Appalachian Regional Commission. Retrieved: 2012-Jan-13.</ref>  Seven Ohio counties—[[Adams County, Ohio|Adams]], [[Athens County, Ohio|Athens]], [[Meigs County, Ohio|Meigs]], [[Morgan County, Ohio|Morgan]], [[Noble County, Ohio|Noble]], [[Pike County, Ohio|Pike]] and [[Vinton County, Ohio|Vinton]]—were designated "distressed", while nine—[[Ashtabula County, Ohio|Ashtabula]], [[Gallia County, Ohio|Gallia]], [[Guernsey County, Ohio|Guernsey]], [[Harrison County, Ohio|Harrison]], [[Jackson County, Ohio|Jackson]], [[Lawrence County, Ohio|Lawrence]], [[Monroe County, Ohio|Monroe]], [[Perry County, Ohio|Perry]] and [[Scioto County, Ohio|Scioto]]—were designated "at-risk".  The remaining half of Appalachian Ohio counties were designated "transitional", meaning they lagged behind the national average on one of the three key indicators.  No counties in Ohio were given the "attainment" or "competitive" designations.

Athens County had Appalachian Ohio's highest poverty rating, with 32.8% of its residents living below the poverty line.  [[Clermont County, Ohio|Clermont]] had Appalachian Ohio's highest per capita income ($30,515) and [[Holmes County, Ohio|Holmes]] had the lowest unemployment rate (5.5%).<ref name=arcdata /> [[Washington County, Ohio|Washington County]] has the highest high school graduation rate (84.5%), while [[Adams County, Ohio|Adams County]] has the lowest (68.6%). Although Holmes County has a significantly lower high school graduation rate than Adams County at 51.5%, its graduation rates are somewhat skewed compared to the rest of the region, due to the county's high population of [[Amish]], whose children do not attend school past the eighth grade.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.arc.gov/reports/custom_report.asp?REPORT_ID=18 |title=Education – High School and College Completion Rates, 2000 |publisher=Arc.gov |access-date=December 22, 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110214140427/http://www.arc.gov/reports/custom_report.asp?REPORT_ID=18 |archive-date=February 14, 2011 }}</ref>

==Notable people==
Notable Americans from Appalachian Ohio include:
* [[Ted Strickland]], 68th [[Governor of Ohio]] (2007–2011)
* [[Grandma Gatewood]], first solo female thru-hiker of the [[Appalachian Trail]] and first person to hike it three times. 
*  [[John Glenn]], former [[United States Marine Corps]] pilot, astronaut, and United States senator. First American to orbit the Earth.
*  [[Sarah Jessica Parker]], actress and producer
*  [[Nancy Zimpher]], chancellor of the [[State University of New York]] system
*  [[Dean Martin]], actor
*  [[Lou Groza]], [[American football|football]] [[placekicker]] and [[Tackle (gridiron football position)#Offensive tackle|offensive tackle]] for [[Cleveland Browns]] and member of the [[Pro Football Hall of Fame]]
*  [[Jimmy the Greek]]
*  [[Clark Gable]], actor
*  [[George Custer]], served in the [[American Civil War]] and was killed in the [[Battle of Little Big Horn]]
*  [[Ulysses S. Grant]], 18th US president (1869–1877)
*  [[William McKinley]], 25th US president (1897–1901)
*  [[Cy Young]], [[Major League Baseball]] [[pitcher]]. The [[Cy Young Award]] is given annually to the best pitcher in MLB.
*  [[Cody Garbrandt]], UFC fighter
*  [[Stephen Kappes]], Deputy Director of the CIA during the [[George W. Bush|Bush]] and [[Barack Obama|Obama]] administrations
*  [[Maya Lin]], architect and designer of the Vietnam War Memorial in [[Washington, D.C.]]
*  [[Katie Smith]], Three-time Olympic gold medal winner with [[United States women's national basketball team|Team USA basketball]]; two-time [[WNBA]] champion and [[Ohio State University]] standout
*  [[Joe Burrow]], [[quarterback]] for the [[Cincinnati Bengals]], number one pick in the 2020 [[NFL Draft]] and winner of the 2019 [[Heisman Trophy]]
*  [[Jack Roush]], founder, CEO, and co-owner of the [[NASCAR]] team [[Roush-Fenway Racing]].<ref>{{cite web |url= https://bleacherreport.com/articles/110998-jack-roush-the-man-below-the-hat |title=Jack Roush: The Man Below The Hat |last=Bomberger|first=Ben |date=14 January 2009|website=Bleacher Report|access-date=17 September 2020}}</ref>
*  [[Ambrose Bierce]], author
*  [[Mike Palagyi]], Major League Baseball pitcher
*  [[J. T. Miller]], professional ice hockey player and alternate captain for the [[Vancouver Canucks]]

==See also==
{{div col|colwidth=22em}}
*[[Appalachian music]]
*[[Appalachian studies]]
*[[Asimina triloba]]
*[[Critical pedagogy]]
*[[Hocking Hills]]
*[[Log cabin]]
*[[Melungeon]]
*[[Ohio University]]
*[[Settlement school]]
*[[Shawnee State Park (Ohio)|Shawnee State Park]]
*[[Southern Illinois]]
*[[Southern Indiana]]
*[[Underground Railroad]]
*[[War on Poverty]]
*[[Wayne National Forest]]
*[[Youngstown State University]]
*[[Zaleski State Forest]]
{{div col end}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==Further reading==
*Billings, Dwight B. and Kathleen M. Blee "Agriculture and Poverty in the Kentucky Mountains: Beech Creek, 1850–1910" in ''Appalachia in the Making: The Mountain South in the Nineteenth Century'', eds. Pudup  et al. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1995.
*Blethen, H. Tyler "Pioneer Settlement" in ''High Mountains Rising: Appalachia in Time and Place'', eds. Straw and Blethen. Urbana and Chicago: University of Illinois Press, 2004.
*Davis, Donald Edward. "A Whole World Dying" and "Medicinal and Cultural Uses of Plants in the Southern Appalachians" in ''Homeplace Geography: Essays for Appalachia''. Macon, GA: Mercer University Press, 2006.
*Lewis, Ronald L. "Railroads, Deforestation, and the Transformation of Agriculture in the West Virginia Back Counties, 1880–1920" in ''Appalachia in the Making: The Mountain South in the Nineteenth Century'', eds. Pudup  et al. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1995.
*Salstrom, Paul. "Newer Appalachia as One of America's Last Frontiers" in ''Appalachia in the Making: The Mountain South in the Nineteenth Century'', eds. Pudup  et al. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1995.

==External links==
{{Wikivoyage|Southeast Ohio}}
*[http://www.appalachianohio.org Foundation for Appalachian Ohio]
*[http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/collections/tending/essay1a.html Tending the Commons: Folklife and Landscape in Southern West Virginia]
*[http://www.appalachianstudies.org Appalachian Studies Association]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20060225091434/http://cass.etsu.edu/ Center for Appalachian Studies and Services]
*[http://www.appstudies.appstate.edu Center for Appalachian Studies]
*[http://www.radford.edu/~arsc Appalachian Regional Studies, Radford University]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20080927045233/http://www.appalachianstudies.org/syllabi/docs/buckley333_533.htm Appalachia: Land and People (Ohio University Professor Geoff Buckley's Syllabus)]

{{Ohio}}

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[[Category:Appalachian Ohio| ]]
[[Category:Geography of Appalachia]]
[[Category:Allegheny Plateau]]
[[Category:Regions of Ohio]]