View source for Apocynum

{{Short description|Genus of flowering plants}}
{{Automatic taxobox
|image = SpreadingDogbane.JPG
|image_caption = ''[[Apocynum androsaemifolium]]''
|display_parents = 2
|taxon = Apocynum
|authority = [[Carl Linnaeus|L.]]
|synonyms =
* ''Apocynastrum'' <small>Heist. ex Fabr.</small>
* ''Cynopaema'' <small>Lunell</small>
* ''Poacynum'' <small>Baill.</small>
* ''Trachomitum'' <small>Woodson</small>
|synonyms_ref = <ref name="WCSP">{{WCSP|12795|access-date=May 21, 2014}}</ref>
}}

'''''Apocynum''''', commonly known as '''dogbane'''<ref name="kor">{{Cite book|url=http://www.forest.go.kr/kna/special/download/English_Names_for_Korean_Native_Plants.pdf |title=English Names for Korean Native Plants |publisher=[[Korea National Arboretum]] |year=2015 |isbn=978-89-97450-98-5 |location=Pocheon |pages=517 |access-date=25 January 2016 |via=[[Korea Forest Service]] |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170525105020/http://www.forest.go.kr/kna/special/download/English_Names_for_Korean_Native_Plants.pdf |archive-date=25 May 2017 }}</ref> or '''Indian hemp''',<ref name="kor" /> is a small [[genus]] of the flowering plant family [[Apocynaceae]]. Its name comes from [[Ancient Greek]] {{wikt-lang|grc|ἀπόκυνον}},<ref>{{LSJ|a)po/kunon|ἀπόκυνον|ref}}.</ref> from {{wikt-lang|grc|ἀπο-}} ''apo-'' "away" and {{wikt-lang|grc|κύων}} ''kyōn'' "dog",<ref>http://www.co.jefferson.co.us/coopext/plantdetail.do?sna=Apocynum+androsaemifolium&image=0 {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110727165744/http://www.co.jefferson.co.us/coopext/plantdetail.do?sna=Apocynum+androsaemifolium&image=0 |date=2011-07-27 }} Colorado Plant Database</ref> referring to dogbane (''[[Cionura erecta]]''),<ref>{{LSJ|a)po/kunon|ἀπόκυνον|longref}}</ref> which was used to poison dogs.<ref>{{Jepson Manual |taxon=Apocynum |first=Lauramay T. |last=Dempster}}</ref> The genus is native to [[North America]], temperate [[Asia]], and southeastern [[Europe]].<ref name="WCSP"/><ref>{{eFloras|2|102290|Apocynum |first1=Bingtao |last1=Li |first2=Antony J. M. |last2=Leeuwenberg |first3=David J. |last3=Middleton |volume=16}}</ref><ref>{{BONAP |genus=Apocynum |date=2013}}</ref>

''Apocynum'' species are used as food plants by the [[larva]]e of some [[Lepidoptera]] species, including the [[queen butterfly]] and the [[mouse moth]].

==Uses==
''[[Apocynum cannabinum]]'' is used as a source of fiber by [[Indigenous peoples of the Americas|Native Americans]]. ''[[Apocynum venetum]]'' ({{zh|c=羅布麻}}) is used as an [[herbal tea]] in [[China]].<ref>{{cite journal | pmid=10763585 | doi=10.1055/s-2000-11135 | volume=66 | title=Hepatoprotective effect of Apocynum venetum and its active constituents | journal=Planta Med | pages=127–33 | last1=Xiong | first1=Q | last2=Fan | first2=W | last3=Tezuka | first3=Y | last4=Adnyana | first4=IK | last5=Stampoulis | first5=P | last6=Hattori | first6=M | last7=Namba | first7=T | last8=Kadota | first8=S| year=2000 | issue=2 | bibcode=2000PlMed..66..127X | s2cid=25960011 }}</ref> Dogbane contains [[cymarin]], a [[cardiotonic]] agent formerly used to treat [[cardiac arrhythmia]] in humans.<ref>[https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/summary/summary.cgi?cid=56844123 National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine, Cymarine]</ref>

==Species==
Almost 300 names have been proposed in the genus for species, subspecies, and forms.<ref name="WCSP"/> {{As of|2019}}, only the following five species and hybrids are currently recognized, with several subspecies and varieties accepted for ''[[Apocynum androsaemifolium|A. androsaemifolium]]'' and ''[[Apocynum venetum|A. venetum]]'' (see their respective species pages).<ref name=powo/>

* ''[[Apocynum androsaemifolium]]'' <small>L.</small> – Canada, United States, northeastern Mexico
* ''[[Apocynum cannabinum]]'' <small>L.</small> – Canada, United States
* ''[[Apocynum × floribundum]]'' <small>Greene</small> (a [[hybrid name|hybrid]] of ''A. androsaemifolium'' and ''A. cannabinum'') – Canada, United States, northern Mexico
* ''[[Apocynum pictum]]'' <small>Schrenk</small> – China, Mongolia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan
* ''[[Apocynum venetum]]'' <small>L.</small> – southeastern Europe and Asia

{{Gallery|mode=packed
|Apocynum cannabinum Toulouse.jpg|Flowers of ''[[Apocynum cannabinum]]''
|Apocynum androsaemifolium 2017-05-23 0651.jpg|Leaves of ''[[Apocynum androsaemifolium]]''
|Apocynum venetum 1.jpg|''[[Apocynum venetum]]''
}}

==References==
{{Reflist|refs=
<ref name=powo>{{cite web |title=''Apocynum'' L. |url=https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:2211-1 |website=Plants of the World Online |publisher=Royal Botanical Gardens Kew |access-date=17 June 2019}}</ref>
}}

==External links==
*{{Commons category-inline}}

{{Taxonbar|from=Q133242}}
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[[Category:Apocyneae]]
[[Category:Apocynaceae genera]]
[[Category:Taxa named by Carl Linnaeus]]