View source for Antonov An-30

{{short description|Aerial survey aircraft}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2024}}
<!-- This article is a part of [[Wikipedia:WikiProject Aircraft]]. Please see [[Wikipedia:WikiProject Aircraft/page content]] for recommended layout. -->
{{Infobox aircraft
| name = An-30
| image = File:An-30 - RA-26226.jpg
| caption = 
| type = [[Cartography|Aerial cartography]], [[reconnaissance aircraft|reconnaissance]] and [[military transport aircraft|transport]]
| manufacturer = [[Antonov]]
| designer = [[Beriev]]
| first_flight = 21 August 1967<ref name='prod'>The prototype aircraft (a converted An-24 designated An-24FK) first flew on 21 August 1967. The first production An-30 first flew in 1974</ref><ref name='p75'>{{harvnb|Gordon|Komissarov|Komissarov|2003|p=75}}</ref>
| introduction = July 1968
| retired = 
| produced = [[1971 in aviation|1971]]–[[1980 in aviation|1980]]<ref name='p75' />
| number_built = 123<ref name='p75' />
| status = In limited service
| primary_user = [[Ukrainian Air Force]]
| more_users = [[Bulgarian Air Force]]<br />[[Romanian Air Force]]
| developed_from = [[Antonov An-24]]
| variants = 
}}

The '''Antonov An-30''' ([[NATO reporting name]]: '''Clank'''), is a development of the [[Antonov An-24|An-24]] designed for aerial [[cartography]]. It is the second member of the [[Antonov An-24]] family, succeeding the An-24, while preceding the [[An-26]], [[An-32]] and cancelled [[An-132]].

==Development==

The first [[aerial survey]] version of the [[Antonov An-24]] was designed by the [[Beriev]] [[OKB]] and designated '''An-24FK'''. The FK stood for ''fotokartograficheskiy'' (photo mapping).<ref name ='p73'>{{harvnb|Gordon|Komissarov| Komissarov|2003|p=73}}</ref> The prototype was converted from a production An-24A at Beriev's No. 49 construction shop during 1966. The An-24FK made its first flight on 21 August 1967, with state acceptance trials being completed in 1970 and civil certification completed in 1974. Redesignated '''An-30''', production began in 1971 at the [[Antonov]] factory.<ref name='p75' /> 123 production An-30s were manufactured between 1971 and 1980 in Kiev in two main versions.<ref name ="gunston">{{harvnb|Gunston|1995|p=31}}</ref>

===Total production===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: right; font-size: 96%;"
|-
!Total Production<ref>{{cite web|url=http://russianplanes.net/planelist/Antonov/An-30|title=✈ russianplanes.net ✈ наша авиация|access-date=2015-11-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151109235133/http://russianplanes.net/planelist/Antonov/An-30|archive-date=2015-11-09|url-status=live}}</ref>{{verify source|date=November 2015}}<ref>{{cite web|title=Antonov An -30 Aerial Car Aerial Cartography Aircraft – Air Force Technology|url=http://www.airforce-technology.com/projects/antonov-an30/|website=Air Force Technology|publisher=Kable Intelligence LTD|access-date=9 November 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151010023413/http://www.airforce-technology.com/projects/antonov-an30/|archive-date=10 October 2015|url-status=live}}</ref>{{Unreliable source?|reason=domain on WP:BLACKLIST|date=August 2016}}!! 1979 !! 1978 !! 1977 !! 1976 !! 1975 !! 1974 !! 1973
|-
||'''124'''||8||13||27||24||27||17||8
|}

==Design==
[[File:Lukaviatrans Antonov An-30.jpg|thumb|right|[[Lukiaviatrans|Lukaviatrans]] An-30A]]

The Antonov An-30 is a derivative of the An-24, fitted with an entirely new fuselage forward of frame 11. The fuselage nose is extensively glazed. Housed within the new nose section are the navigator and precise navigational equipment, including an optical sight for ensuring accuracy of aerial photography.<ref name='p73' /> To enable accurate and repeatable survey flights, standard equipment for the An-30 included computer flight path control technology.<ref name=obs>{{Cite book |author= Green, W |title= The Observer's Book of Aircraft (25th ed.) |publisher= Frederick Warne & Co |year= 1976 |isbn= 978-0-7232-1553-0}}</ref> This additional equipment replaced the radar on the An-24. The positioning of the new navigational equipment required the flightdeck to be raised by 41&nbsp;cm in comparison to the An-24,<ref name='p73' /> giving the aircraft its other main feature, a hump containing the cockpit.

The radio operator and flight engineer sat in the first cabin aft of and below the flightdeck. The mission equipment was located further aft, in a cabin featuring five camera windows in the floor. Each camera window could be closed with covers to protect the glass panels. The covers were located in special fairings protruding from the fuselage underside. In the normal aerial photography role, four or five cameras were carried aboard. Three cameras were mounted vertically, intended for mapping purposes. The remaining two cameras were pointed at an angle of 28° on each side of the aircraft, for oblique photography. The same fuselage compartment contained workstations for two camera operators and a crew rest area.<ref name ='p74'>{{harvnb|Gordon|Komissarov|Komissarov|2003|p=74}}</ref>

The aircraft's cameras could be used between 2,000 and 7,000 m (6,500 and 23,000&nbsp;ft) and the scale of the resultant photographs was between 1:200,000 and 1:15,000,000.<ref name='p75' /> The aircraft was supplied with four or five cameras.

The An-30 was powered by two [[Ivchenko AI-24]]VT turboprops with a takeoff rating of 2,820 ehp.<ref name='p75' />

==Operational history==
[[File:Ukrainian an 30.jpg|thumb|right|Ukrainian An-30 [[Ukrainian Air Force]]]]
In addition to its principal use as a survey aircraft, it has also been used by Bulgaria,<ref name="dtra">{{cite book |last1=Clear |first1=Kirk W. |last2=Block |first2=Steven E. |url=https://www.dtra.mil/Portals/61/OpenSkies_book.pdf|title=The Treaty on Open Skies |location=Dulles, Virginia, USA |publisher=Defence Threat Reduction Agency Department of Defense|year=1999|pages=10, 62}}</ref> Czech Republic, Romania,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.forces.net/technology/aircraft/antonov-30-soviet-plane-still-proving-its-worth-today|title=Antonov AN-30: the Soviet-era plane still proving its worth|work=Forces News|date=20 July 2022}}</ref> Russia and Ukraine to carry out surveillance under the [[Treaty on Open Skies|Open Skies Treaty]].<ref name ='p823'>{{harvnb|Gordon| Komissarov | Komissarov |2003|pp=82–83}}</ref>

The An-30 has also been used as a [[weather control]] aircraft as the '''An-30M'''. Some have been fitted with frozen tanks of [[carbon dioxide]] to be ejected into the sky to form artificial [[rain]] [[cloud]]s. These An-30s have also been put to use to avoid crop-damaging [[hail]]storms and also to maintain good weather for, as examples, new airplane maiden flights, important parades like 1 May and the 850th anniversary of [[Moscow]] in September 1997.<ref name = "brasseys">{{harvnb|Taylor|1999|p=160}}</ref>

Between 1971 and 1980 a total of 115 aircraft were built and 23 were sold abroad to Afghanistan, Bulgaria, China, Cuba, Czechoslovakia, Mongolia and Vietnam.

An-30s completely mapped Afghanistan in 1982, with [[List of Soviet aircraft losses in the Soviet war in Afghanistan|one shot down]] by a [[MANPADS]] during an aerial photography flight in the Kabul area south of the Panjshir Valley on 11 March 1985.
Cuban An-30s saw active service in Angola in 1987.

On 22 April 2014, a Ukrainian An-30 was hit by pro-Russian separatists' small-arms fire while on a surveillance mission over the town of Sloviansk in eastern Ukraine. The plane landed safely with minor damage.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-27106630|title=Ukraine crisis: Biden says Russia must 'start acting' – BBC News|access-date=2018-06-21|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190104101132/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-27106630|archive-date=2019-01-04|url-status=live|publisher=BBC News|date=2014-04-22}}</ref> On 6 June 2014, a Ukrainian An-30B was shot down near the city of [[Sloviansk|Slavyansk]] in eastern Ukraine, reportedly by a [[MANPADS]] fired by local separatists.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://tvzvezda.ru/news/vstrane_i_mire/content/201406061920-pjzk.htm|title=Самолет-разведчик сбили над Славянском ополченцы – Телеканал "Звезда"|date=6 June 2014 |access-date=2014-06-08|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140612015141/http://tvzvezda.ru/news/vstrane_i_mire/content/201406061920-pjzk.htm|archive-date=2014-06-12|url-status=live}}</ref>

== Accidents ==

* On 23 May 2012, a Russian Open Skies An-30 caught fire during an emergency landing at an airport outside the Czech town of [[Čáslav]]. According to unconfirmed reports, the accident occurred because the crew were unable to extend the [[landing gear]]. Seven passengers were injured, out of fourteen Russian and nine Czech citizens on board.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://english.ruvr.ru/2012_05_23/75706568/|title=Another Russian plane tragedy|access-date=2012-05-23|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120621015341/http://english.ruvr.ru/2012_05_23/75706568/|archive-date=2012-06-21|url-status=dead}}</ref>
* On 3 October 2018, a [[Sudan Air Force]] An-30 crashed while landing at [[Khartoum airport]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://twitter.com/SudanDefence/status/1047421539488915456|title=Sudan Defence Force on Twitter|work=Twitter|access-date=2018-10-03}}</ref>

== Variants ==
;An-24FK
:The sole prototype converted from an An-24B with a navigator's station in an extensively glazed nose and elevated cockpit to give clearance for mission equipment.

;An-30A
:Version designed for civilian aviation. 65 were delivered to the Soviet Ministry of Civil Aviation, six to other Soviet civil organisations. 18 An-30As were built for export, seven of which were delivered to [[China]].<ref name ='p77'>{{harvnb|Gordon|Komissarov| Komissarov |2003| p=77}}</ref>

;An-30B
:Version designed for the Soviet Air Force. 26 built.  Main differences from An-30A was the avionics fit. Most An-30Bs were retrofitted with chaff/flare dispensers.<ref name ='p80'>{{harvnb|Gordon|Komissarov|Komissarov|2003|p=80}}</ref>

;An-30D ''Sibiryak''
:Long-range version of the An-30A with increased fuel capacity, developed in 1990. Five aircraft were converted to An-30Ds. All were based at [[Myachkovo]] airfield near [[Moscow]]. This variant was used for ice monitoring, fisheries monitoring and as a transport aircraft. It had improved communication equipment, including a data-link system. Rescue equipment was also carried on board.<ref name ='p83'>{{harvnb|Gordon|Komissarov|Komissarov|2003|p=83}}</ref>

;An-30FG
:[[Czech Republic|Czech]] designation for the single [[Czech Air Force]] An-30, after being retrofitted with a western weather radar.<ref name='p83' />

;An-30M ''Meteozashchita''
:Version equipped for weather research. It can spray [[dry ice]] into the atmosphere for weather control duties. The dry ice was stored in eight containers per 130&nbsp;kg instead of the photographic equipment.

;An-30R
:A production An-30 CCCP-30055/RA-30055(c/n1101) converted to an NBC reconnaissance aircraft with air-sampling pods under the forward fuselage and other sensors for monitoring nuclear, biological and chemical warfare by-products. A second example, 30080, was acquired by the VVS, and had a single sampling pod on the port pylon and provision for dropping large flare bombs from the starboard pylon. An-30R RA-30055 was used for monitoring the plume from the [[Chernobyl disaster|Chernobyl]] No.4 nuclear reactor fire and became permanently radioactive in the process, being withdrawn from use immediately afterwards.

== Operators ==
{{Acopmap|An-30|Military An-30 operators}}
[[File:Antonov An-30.JPG|thumb|[[Bulgarian Air Force]] An-30]]
[[File:An30.jpg|thumb|An-30 aircraft]]
[[File:Antonov An-30 at the Ukrainian State Aviation Museum.JPG|thumb|Ex-Soviet Antonov An-30 at the Ukrainian State Aviation Museum]]
[[File:Antonov AN-30 Clank 5D3 4806 (52255513182).jpg|thumb|Nose section of a Romanian An-30 with an upgraded sensor]]

=== Military operators ===
;{{BUL}}
* [[Bulgarian Air Force]] – one (as of 2017)<ref name=sp>{{cite magazine |last=Przeworski |first=Marcin |date=July 2017 |title=Transportowa Europa cz.II |language= pl|magazine=Skrzydlata Polska |issue=7(2453)/2017|pages=38–46|issn=0137-866X}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.pan.bg/view_article-1-335712-Uspeshno-oblitane-na-An-30-za-udylzhavane-na-resursa.html|title=Успешно облитане на Ан-30 за удължаване на ресурса – Авиация – Pan.bg|access-date=2016-04-08|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160818135626/http://www.pan.bg/view_article-1-335712-Uspeshno-oblitane-na-An-30-za-udylzhavane-na-resursa.html|archive-date=2016-08-18|url-status=live}}</ref>
;{{ROU}}
* [[Romanian Air Force]] – three operated from 1976; currently two<ref name="Romanian AFE">{{cite web|title=Romanian Armed Forces Equipment|url=http://www.armedforces.co.uk/Europeandefence/edcountries/countryromania.htm|work=European Defense Inventory|publisher=Armed Forces.co.uk|access-date=22 April 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121228175513/http://www.armedforces.co.uk/Europeandefence/edcountries/countryromania.htm|archive-date=28 December 2012|url-status=live}}</ref> (as of 2017)<ref name=sp/>
;{{RUS}}
* [[Russian Aerospace Forces]]<ref>{{harvnb|Hoyle ''Flight International'' 2021| p=28}}</ref>
;{{SUD}}
* [[Sudanese Air Force]]<ref>{{harvnb|Hoyle ''Flight International'' 2021| p=30}}</ref>
;{{UKR}}
* [[Ukrainian Air Force]] – three (as of 2017)<ref name=sp/>

==== Former military operators ====
;{{AFG}}
* [[Afghan Air Force]] received an An-30 in 1985.
;{{ANG}}
* [[Angolan Air Force]]<ref name="World Air Forces 2014p9">{{harvnb|Hoyle ''Flight International'' 2014|p=9}}</ref>
;{{CUB}}
* [[Cuban Air Force]]
;{{CZE}}
* [[Czech Air Force]] retired their An-30 in 2003.
;{{CZS}}
* [[Czechoslovak Air Force]]
;{{MNG}}
* [[Mongolian Air Force]]
;{{CHN}}
* [[People's Liberation Army Air Force]]
;{{USSR}}
* [[Soviet Air Force]]
;{{VIE}}
* [[Vietnam People's Air Force]]

=== Civil operators ===
;{{Flagu|Congo}}
* [[Aero-Fret]]

==== Former civil operators ====
;{{CHN}}
* [[CAAC Airlines]]
;{{MGL}}
* [[MIAT Mongolian Airlines]]
;{{RUS}}
* [[Moskovia Airlines]]
* [[Lukiaviatrans]]
* [[Myachkovo Air Services]]
* [[Novosibirsk Air Enterprise]]
* [[Polet Flight]]
* [[Practical Geodinamics Center]]
;{{UKR}}
* [[ARP 410 Airlines]]
* [[Ukraine National Airlines]]
;{{VIE}}
* [[Vietnam Air Service Company]]

==Specifications (An-30)==
{{Aircraft specs
|ref=Jane's All The World's Aircraft 1988–89<ref name="janes">{{harvnb|Taylor|1988|pp=223–224}}</ref>
|prime units?=met
<!--
        General characteristics
-->
|crew=7
|length m=24.26
|length note=
|span m=29.20
|span note=
|height m=8.32
|height note=
|wing area sqm=74.98
|wing area note=
|aspect ratio=11.4:1
|airfoil='''root:''' TsAGI S-5-18; '''tip:'''  TsAGI S-3-13<ref name="Selig">{{cite web |last1=Lednicer |first1=David |title=The Incomplete Guide to Airfoil Usage |url=https://m-selig.ae.illinois.edu/ads/aircraft.html |website=m-selig.ae.illinois.edu |access-date=16 April 2019}}</ref>
|empty weight kg=15590
|empty weight note=
|gross weight kg=
|gross weight note=
|max takeoff weight kg=23000
|max takeoff weight note=
|fuel capacity={{convert|6200|L|USgal impgal|abbr=on}}
|more general=
<!--
        Powerplant
-->
|eng1 number=2
|eng1 name=[[Ivchenko AI-24T]]VT
|eng1 type=[[turboprop]] engines
|eng1 shp=2803
|eng1 note=equivalent

|eng2 number=1
|eng2 name=Sojuz (Tumanskij) RU-19A-300
|eng2 type=[[turbojet]]
<!-- see Czech wikipedia article, or for example https://www.idnes.cz/technet/vojenstvi/open-skies-otevrene-nebe-rozhovor-pilot-rucka.A220422_163632_vojenstvi_alv -->

|prop blade number=4
|prop name=constant-speed propellers
|prop dia m=<!-- propeller aircraft -->
|prop dia note=
<!--
        Performance
-->
|max speed kmh=540
|max speed note=
|cruise speed kmh=430
|cruise speed note=
|stall speed kmh=
|stall speed note=
|never exceed speed kmh=
|never exceed speed note=
|minimum control speed kmh=
|minimum control speed note=
|range km=2630
|range note=(with no reserves)
|combat range km=
|combat range note=
|ferry range km=
|ferry range note=
|endurance=<!-- if range unknown -->
|ceiling m=8300
|ceiling note=
|g limits=<!-- aerobatic -->
|roll rate=<!-- aerobatic -->
|climb rate ms=
|climb rate note=
|time to altitude=
|wing loading kg/m2=
|wing loading note=
|fuel consumption kg/km=
|power/mass=
|thrust/weight=
|more performance=
*'''Take-off run:''' {{cvt|710|m|0}}
*'''Landing run:''' {{cvt|670|m|0}}
|avionics=Five positions for large cameras. Other survey equipment can be fitted.
}}

== See also ==
{{Aircontent
|related=
* [[Antonov An-24]]
* [[Antonov An-26]]
* [[Antonov An-32]]
|similar aircraft=
* [[Aeritalia G.222]]
|sequence=
|lists=
* [[List of military aircraft of the Soviet Union and the CIS]]
|see also=

}}

== References ==
{{reflist}}

=== Bibliography ===
* {{cite book |last1=Gordon |first1=Yefim |last2=Komissarov |first2=Dmitriy |last3=Komissarov  |first3=Sergey |title=Antonov's Turboprop Twins |year=2003 |location=Hinckley, UK |publisher=Midland Publishing |isbn=1-85780-153-9}}
* {{Cite book |last=Gunston |first=Bill |author-link =Bill Gunston|title=The Osprey Encyclopedia of Russian Aircraft 1875 – 1995 |location=London |publisher=Osprey Aerospace|year=1995|isbn= 1-85532-405-9}}
* {{cite web |last=Hoyle |first=Craig |url= http://www.flightglobal.com/airspace/media/reports_pdf/emptys/108161/world-air-forces-2014.pdf |title= World Air Forces 2014 |publisher= Flightglobal Insight |year= 2014 |access-date= 17 January 2014 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20131225081256/http://www.flightglobal.com/airspace/media/reports_pdf/emptys/108161/world-air-forces-2014.pdf |archive-date= 25 December 2013 |url-status= dead |ref={{harvid|Hoyle ''Flight International'' 2014}}}}
* {{cite news |last=Hoyle |first=Craig |title=World Air Forces 2022 |work=Flight International |url=https://www.flightglobal.com/download?ac=83735 |year=2021 |access-date=12 December 2021|ref={{harvid|Hoyle ''Flight International'' 2021}}}}
* {{cite book |editor-last=Taylor |editor-first=John W. R. |editor-link=John W. R. Taylor |title = Jane's All The World's Aircraft 1988–89 |year=1988 |publisher=Jane's Defence Data |location=Coulsdon, UK |isbn=0-7106-0867-5}}
* {{cite book | editor-last=Taylor |editor-first= M. J. H. | title = Brassey's World Aircraft & Systems Directory 1999/2000 | year = 1999 |location=London| publisher = Brassey's | isbn = 1-85753-245-7 }}

== External links ==
{{commons category|Antonov An-30}}
* [http://www.airliners.net/search/photo.search?aircraft_genericsearch=Antonov%20An-30&distinct_entry=true Pictures of An-30]
* [http://english.pravda.ru/photo/report/An_30-3227 Photo gallery An-30 aircraft at Pravda.Ru]

{{Antonov aircraft}}

[[Category:Antonov aircraft|An-030]]
[[Category:1960s Soviet special-purpose aircraft]]
[[Category:High-wing aircraft]]
[[Category:Aircraft first flown in 1967]]
[[Category:Twin-turboprop tractor aircraft]]