View source for Anti-Jacobin Review

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[[Image:Gillray-Cave.jpg|thumb|[[James Gillray]], "A Peep Into the Cave of Jacobinism" (1798). Published in the ''Anti-Jacobin Review''.]]
{{Conservatism UK|Media}}
'''''The Anti-Jacobin Review and Magazine, or, Monthly Political and Literary Censor''''', was a British conservative political journal active from 1798 to 1821. Founded by [[John Gifford (writer)|John Gifford]] after the cancellation of [[William Gifford]]'s periodical ''[[Anti-Jacobin]]'', the journal contained essays, reviews, and satirical engravings. Its content has been described as "often scurrilous" and "[[Ultra-Tories|ultra-Tory]]" and was a prominent element of British hostility to [[Jacobin (politics)|Jacobinism]] and the broader ideals of the [[French Revolution]].<ref>John Strachan, “[http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/10669 Gifford, William (1756–1826)],” ''Oxford Dictionary of National Biography'', Ed. H. C. G. Matthew and Brian Harrison (Oxford: OUP, 2004. Online ed. Ed. Lawrence Goldman. May 2006. 7 May 2007).</ref>

== History ==
The first edition was published on 1 August 1798 and was advertised in ''[[The Times]]'' as "containing Original Criticism; a Review of the Reviewers; Miscellaneous Matter in Prose and Verse, Lists of Marriages, Births, Deaths and Promotions; and a Summary of Foreign and Domestic Politics."<ref name="Times-1798-Jul-20">{{cite newspaper The Times|title=New Review and Magazine|department=Classified Advertising|date=20 July 1798|page=2|issue=4235}}</ref> Gifford served as its editor until 1806.<ref name="de Montluzin 1988">{{Cite journal |last=de Montluzin |first=Emily Lorraine |date=2003-09-01 |title=The Anti-Jacobin Revisited: Newly Identified Contributions to the Anti-Jacobin Review during the Editorial Regime of John Gifford, 1798–1806 |url=https://academic.oup.com/library/article/4/3/278/943372 |journal=The Library |language=en |volume=4 |issue=3 |pages=278–302 |doi=10.1093/library/4.3.278 |issn=1744-8581|url-access=subscription }}</ref> The periodical was covertly funded by the British government.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Gordon |first=Charlotte |title=Romantic Outlaws: The Extraordinary Lives of Mary Wollstonecraft and Mary Shelley |date=2015 |publisher=Penguin Random House UK |isbn=9780099592396 |pages=494–495}}</ref>

{{cn span|Contributors included Robert Bisset (1758/9–1805), [[John Bowles (author)|John Bowles]] (1751–1819), Arthur Cayley (1776–1848), [[James Gillray]], [[George Gleig]], [[Samuel Henshall]] (1764/5–1807), [[James Hurdis]], [[James Mill]], [[John Oxlee]] (1779–1854), Richard Penn (1733/4–1811), [[Richard Polwhele]], [[John Skinner (bishop)|John Skinner]] (1744–1816), William Stevens (1732–1807), and [[John Whitaker (historian)|John Whitaker]] (1735–1808), though as items were frequently published anonymously attributions are often unclear.|date=September 2024}}

== Positions ==
Gifford called the periodical a champion of "religion, morality, and social order, as supported by the existing establishments, ecclesiastical and civil, of this country.<ref name="de Montluzin 1988"/>

The periodical promoted conspiracy theories of attempts to establish Jacobinism in Britain, accusing the ''[[Monthly Review (London)|Monthly Review]]'', the ''[[Analytical Review]]'' and ''[[The Critical Review (newspaper)|The Critical Review]]'' of spreading Jacobinism through "secret channels, disguised in various ways."<ref name="Haywood 2011">{{cite journal | url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/10509585.2011.583035 | doi=10.1080/10509585.2011.583035 | title="The dark sketches of a revolution": Gillray, the ''Anti''-Jacobin Review, and the Aesthetics of Conspiracy in the 1790s | year=2011 | last1=Haywood | first1=Ian | journal=European Romantic Review | volume=22 | issue=4 | pages=431–451 | s2cid=144356023 | url-access=subscription }}</ref> It supported the passage of the [[Unlawful Societies Act 1799]] and the [[Combination Act 1799]], arguing that the state needed the "wisdom to repress" in order to effectively defeat "domestic traitors."<ref name="Haywood 2011"/>

It also opposed the [[Irish Rebellion of 1798]].<ref>{{cite book | chapter-url=https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1057/9780230338067_1 | doi=10.1057/9780230338067_1 | chapter=The Shadow of 1798: Rebellion and Union | title=Robert Southey | year=2011 | last1=Andrews | first1=Stuart | pages=1–20 | isbn=978-1-349-29649-1 | access-date=16 June 2022 | archive-date=16 June 2022 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220616142000/https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1057/9780230338067_1 | url-status=live }}</ref>

== Reception ==
The periodical denounced reformers, especially the Evangelicals, and greatly angered them, as prominent politician and campaigner [[William Wilberforce]] made clear in 1800:
<blockquote>It is a most mischievous publication, which, by dint of assuming a tone of the highest loyalty and attachment to our establishment in church and state, secures a prejudice in its favour, and has declared war against what I think the most respectable and most useful of all orders of men—the serious clergy of the Church of England. . . . Its opposition to the evangelical clergy is carried on in so venomous a way, and with so much impudence, and so little regard to truth, that the mischief it does is very great indeed. It accuses them in the plainest terms, and sometimes by name, as being disaffected both to church and state.<ref>Quoted in Ford K. Brown, ''Fathers of the Victorians: The Age of Wilberforce'' (1961) p. 187.</ref></blockquote>

== References ==
{{reflist|30e}}

===Bibliography===
*Stephen, Leslie. "[http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/10665 Gifford, John (1758–1818)".] Rev. Adam I. P. Smith. ''Oxford Dictionary of National Biography''. Ed. H. C. G. Matthew and Brian Harrison. Oxford: OUP, 2004. 7 May 2007.
*Strachan, John. "[http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/10669 Gifford, William (1756–1826)".] ''Oxford Dictionary of National Biography''. Ed. H. C. G. Matthew and Brian Harrison. Oxford: OUP, 2004. Online ed. Ed. Lawrence Goldman. May 2006. 7 May 2007.

==Further reading==
*Andrews, Stuart. ''The British Periodical Press and the French Revolution, 1789–99''. New York: Palgrave, 2000. {{ISBN|0-333-73851-9}}

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[[Category:1798 establishments in Great Britain]]
[[Category:1821 disestablishments in the United Kingdom]]
[[Category:Conservative magazines published in the United Kingdom]]
[[Category:British political satire]]
[[Category:Defunct political magazines published in the United Kingdom]]
[[Category:Magazines established in 1798]]
[[Category:Magazines disestablished in 1821]]