View source for Anti-Indian sentiment

{{Short description|Prejudice against Indian people}}
{{About|text=This article is about prejudice and discrimination against Indian people from South Asia. For prejudice and discrimination against native Canadian and American populations commonly referred to as  "[[Indigenous peoples of the Americas|Indian]]", see [[Racism in Canada#Indigenous Peoples|Racism against Indigenous peoples in Canada]] and [[Racism against Native Americans in the United States]]}}
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{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2024}}
{{EngvarB|date=December 2018}}

'''Anti-Indian sentiment''' or '''anti-Indianism''', also called '''Indophobia''', refers to prejudice, collective hatred, and discrimination which is directed at [[Indian people]] for any variety of reasons. According to Kenyan-American academic [[Ali Mazrui]], Indophobia is "a tendency to react negatively towards people of Indian extraction, against aspects of Indian culture and normative habits."<!-- quoted text is non-grammatical. is it correct? --><ref>[[Ali Mazrui]], "The De-Indianisation of Uganda: Does it require an Educational Revolution?" paper delivered to the East African Universities Social Science Council Conference, 19–23 December 1973, Nairobi, Kenya, p.3.</ref> As such, it is the opposite of [[Indomania]], which refers to a pronounced affinity for Indians and their culture, history, and country. Anti-Indian sentiment is frequently a manifestation of [[racism]], particularly in cases in which Indians are targeted alongside other [[Ethnic groups in South Asia|South Asians]] or simply alongside any other [[Person of color|people of colour]]. Regardless of their motivation, Indophobic individuals often invoke [[stereotypes of Indians]] to justify their feelings or attitudes towards them.

<div style="font-size: 90%">
{| class="wikitable sortable floatright" style="border:1px black; float:right; margin-left:1em;"
|+Results of 2023 [[Pew Research Center]] poll<br />Views of India by country<ref>{{Cite web |date=29 August 2023 |title=Pew Research Center Spring 2023 Global Attitudes Survey |url=https://www.pewresearch.org/global/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2023/08/PG_2023.08.29_views-of-india_topline.pdf |url-status=live |access-date=30 June 2025 |website=[[Pew Research Center]]}}</ref><br />(sorted by net positive, Pos – Neg)
|-
!Country polled !! <small>Pos.</small> !! <small>Neg.</small> !! <small>Neutral</small> !! <small>Pos – Neg</small>
|-
| {{Flag|Spain}}|| {{Percentage bar|34|c=#80FF80|width=50}}|| {{Percentage bar|59|c=#FF8080|width=50}}|| {{Percentage bar|17|c=#D3D3D3|width=50}}|| <span style="color:red;">-25</span>
|-
|{{Flag|South Africa}}
|{{Percentage bar|28|c=#80FF80|width=50}}
|{{Percentage bar|51|c=#FF8080|width=50}}
|{{Percentage bar|20|c=#D3D3D3|width=50}}
|<span style="color:red;">-23</span>
|-
|{{Flag|Argentina}}
|{{Percentage bar|22|c=#80FF80|width=50}}
|{{Percentage bar|34|c=#FF8080|width=50}}
|{{Percentage bar|43|c=#D3D3D3|width=50}}
|<span style="color:red;">-12</span>
|-
|{{Flag|Brazil}}
|{{Percentage bar|33|c=#80FF80|width=50}}
|{{Percentage bar|43|c=#FF8080|width=50}}
|{{Percentage bar|24|c=#D3D3D3|width=50}}
|<span style="color:red;">-10</span>
|-
| {{Flag|Greece}}|| {{Percentage bar|33|c=#80FF80|width=50}}|| {{Percentage bar|41|c=#FF8080|width=50}}|| {{Percentage bar|27|c=#D3D3D3|width=50}}|| <span style="color:red;">-8</span>
|-
| {{Flag|Netherlands}}|| {{Percentage bar|41|c=#80FF80|width=50}}|| {{Percentage bar|48|c=#FF8080|width=50}}|| {{Percentage bar|11|c=#D3D3D3|width=50}}|| <span style="color:red;">-7</span>
|-
| {{Flag|France}}|| {{Percentage bar|39|c=#80FF80|width=50}}|| {{Percentage bar|39|c=#FF8080|width=50}}|| {{Percentage bar|22|c=#D3D3D3|width=50}}|| <span style="color:grey;">0</span>
|-
| {{Flag|Hungary}}|| {{Percentage bar|34|c=#80FF80|width=50}}|| {{Percentage bar|30|c=#FF8080|width=50}}|| {{Percentage bar|36|c=#D3D3D3|width=50}}|| <span style="color:green;">+4</span>
|-
| {{Flag|Australia}}|| {{Percentage bar|52|c=#80FF80|width=50}}|| {{Percentage bar|45|c=#FF8080|width=50}}|| {{Percentage bar|2|c=#D3D3D3|width=50}}|| <span style="color:green;">+7</span>
|-
| {{Flag|United States}}|| {{Percentage bar|51|c=#80FF80|width=50}}|| {{Percentage bar|44|c=#FF8080|width=50}}|| {{Percentage bar|4|c=#D3D3D3|width=50}}|| <span style="color:green;">+7</span>
|-
| {{Flag|Germany}}|| {{Percentage bar|47|c=#80FF80|width=50}}|| {{Percentage bar|38|c=#FF8080|width=50}}|| {{Percentage bar|15|c=#D3D3D3|width=50}}|| <span style="color:green;">+9</span>
|-
| {{Flag|Sweden}}|| {{Percentage bar|46|c=#80FF80|width=50}}|| {{Percentage bar|37|c=#FF8080|width=50}}|| {{Percentage bar|16|c=#D3D3D3|width=50}}|| <span style="color:green;">+9</span>
|-
|{{Flag|Mexico}}
|{{Percentage bar|44|c=#80FF80|width=50}}
|{{Percentage bar|33|c=#FF8080|width=50}}
|{{Percentage bar|25|c=#D3D3D3|width=50}}
|<span style="color:green;">+11</span>
|-
| {{Flag|Poland}}|| {{Percentage bar|46|c=#80FF80|width=50}}|| {{Percentage bar|33|c=#FF8080|width=50}}|| {{Percentage bar|21|c=#D3D3D3|width=50}}|| <span style="color:green;">+13</span>
|-
| {{Flag|Canada}}|| {{Percentage bar|47|c=#80FF80|width=50}}|| {{Percentage bar|34|c=#FF8080|width=50}}|| {{Percentage bar|19|c=#D3D3D3|width=50}}|| <span style="color:green;">+14</span>
|-
| {{Flag|Italy}}|| {{Percentage bar|52|c=#80FF80|width=50}}|| {{Percentage bar|38|c=#FF8080|width=50}}|| {{Percentage bar|10|c=#D3D3D3|width=50}}|| <span style="color:green;">+14</span>
|-
| {{Flag|Indonesia}}|| {{Percentage bar|45|c=#80FF80|width=50}}|| {{Percentage bar|29|c=#FF8080|width=50}}|| {{Percentage bar|26|c=#D3D3D3|width=50}}|| <span style="color:green;">+16</span>
|-
| {{Flag|Japan}} || {{Percentage bar|55|c=#80FF80|width=50}}|| {{Percentage bar|34|c=#FF8080|width=50}}|| {{Percentage bar|11|c=#D3D3D3|width=50}} || <span style="color:green;">+21</span>
|-
| {{Flag|South Korea}} || {{Percentage bar|58|c=#80FF80|width=50}}|| {{Percentage bar|34|c=#FF8080|width=50}}|| {{Percentage bar|7|c=#D3D3D3|width=50}} || <span style="color:green;">+24</span>
|-
|{{Flag|Nigeria}}
|{{Percentage bar|60|c=#80FF80|width=50}}
|{{Percentage bar|28|c=#FF8080|width=50}}
|{{Percentage bar|11|c=#D3D3D3|width=50}}
|<span style="color:green;">+32</span>
|-
| {{Flag|United Kingdom}} || {{Percentage bar|66|c=#80FF80|width=50}}|| {{Percentage bar|30|c=#FF8080|width=50}}|| {{Percentage bar|5|c=#D3D3D3|width=50}}|| <span style="color:green;">+36</span>
|-
|{{Flag|Kenya}}
|{{Percentage bar|64|c=#80FF80|width=50}}
|{{Percentage bar|26|c=#FF8080|width=50}}
|{{Percentage bar|11|c=#D3D3D3|width=50}}
|<span style="color:green;">+38</span>
|-
| {{Flag|Israel}} || {{Percentage bar|71|c=#80FF80|width=50}}|| {{Percentage bar|20|c=#FF8080|width=50}}|| {{Percentage bar|9|c=#D3D3D3|width=50}} || <span style="color:green;">+51</span>
|} </div>

== History ==
=== British India ===
The relationship between [[Indomania]] and Indophobia in the [[British Empire|British]] [[Indology]] during the [[Victoria era]] was discussed by American academic [[Thomas Trautmann]] who found that Indophobia had become a norm in the early-19th century British discourse on India as the result of a conscious agenda of [[evangelicalism]] and [[utilitarianism]], especially by [[Charles Grant (British East India Company)|Charles Grant]] and [[James Mill]].<ref>{{cite book|title=Aryans and British India|author=Thomas R. Trautmann|year=1997 }} {{Google books|jR_LPnEH3GsC|Aryans and British India}}</ref> Historians noted that during [[British Raj|British rule in India]], "evangelical influence drove British policy down a path that tended to minimize and denigrate the accomplishments of Indian civilization and to position itself as the negation of the earlier British Indomania that was nourished by belief in Indian wisdom."<ref>{{harv|Trautmann|1997|p=113}}</ref>

In Grant's highly controversial 1796 work ''Observations on the&nbsp;... Asiatic subjects of Great Britain'',<ref>Grant, Charles. (1796) Observations on the state of society among the Asiatic subjects of Great Britain, particularly with respect to morals; and on the means of improving it, written chiefly in the year 1792.</ref> he criticized the Orientalists for being too respectful to Indian culture and religion. His work tried to determine the Hindus' "true place in the moral scale" and he alleged that the Hindus are "a people exceedingly depraved". Grant believed that Great Britain's duty was to civilise and Christianize the natives. This paper has often been cited as one of the foremost examples of [[Eurocentrism]] and the ideological foundation upon which colonialism was built, that is, the notion that the Western world had a duty to "civilize" the natives while they conveniently ignored the many evils like wars, rebellions, racism, class discrimination, religious persecution, a witchcraft hysteria and a widespread [[Magdalene Laundries in Ireland|brutalization of women]] that plagued their own societies in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://webpages.cs.luc.edu/~dennis/106/106-Bkgr/14-Discov-Crisis.pdf |access-date=4 September 2024}}</ref> This problem was further exacerbated by the lack of a nuanced understanding of the natives' religion and culture and the perception of Christianity being the one true faith, which was not only widely used to justify colonialism but also to legitimize forced conversions and brutalization of the masses - a phenomenon witnessed even today in parts of South Asia and Africa.{{Citation needed|date=April 2025}}

[[Lord Macaulay]], serving on the Supreme [[Council of India]] between 1834 and 1838, was instrumental in creating the foundations of bilingual colonial India. He convinced the Governor-General to adopt [[English language|English]] as the medium of instruction in higher education from the sixth year of schooling onwards, rather than [[Sanskrit]] or [[Arabic]]. He claimed: "I have never found one among them who could deny that a single shelf of a good European library was worth the whole native [[Indian literature|literature of India]]."<ref>{{cite web|title=Modern History Sourcebook: Thomas Babington Macaulay (1800–1859): On Empire and Education|url=http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/mod/1833macaulay-india.asp|work=Internet Modern History Sourcebook|publisher=Paul Halsall|access-date=27 May 2012|author=Thomas Babington Macaulay|date=July 1998|archive-date=8 September 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140908042945/http://www.fordham.edu/Halsall/mod/1833macaulay-india.asp|url-status=live}}</ref> He wrote that [[Unani|Arabic]] and [[Ayurveda|Sanskrit works on medicine]] contain "medical doctrines which would disgrace an English Farrier – [[Indian astronomy|Astronomy]], which would move laughter in girls at an English boarding school – [[History of India|History]], abounding with kings thirty feet high reigns thirty thousand years long – and [[Geography of India|Geography]] made up of seas of treacle and seas of butter".<ref>Macaulay, Thomas Babington, 1835:242–243, Minute on Indian education.</ref>

One of the most influential historians of India during the British Empire, [[James Mill]] was criticised for prejudice against Hindus.<ref>{{harv|Trautmann|1997|p=117}}</ref> [[H.H. Wilson|Horace Hayman Wilson]] wrote that the tendency of Mill's work was "evil".<ref>H.H. Wilson 1858 in James Mill 1858, The history of British India, Preface of the editor</ref> Mill claimed that both Indians and [[China|Chinese]] people are cowardly, unfeeling and mendacious. Both Mill and Grant attacked Orientalist scholarship that was too respectful of Indian culture: "It was unfortunate that a mind so pure, so warm in the pursuit of truth so devoted to oriental learning, as that of Sir [[William Jones (philologist)|William Jones]], should have adopted the hypothesis of a high state of civilization in the principal countries of Asia."<ref>Mill, James – 1858, 2:109, The history of British India.</ref>[[Dadabhai Naoroji]] spoke against such anti-India sentiment.<ref>"Essays, speeches, addresses and writings" by Dadabhai Naoroji</ref>

[[Stereotypes of South Asians|Stereotypes of Indians]] intensified during and after the [[Indian Rebellion of 1857]], known as [[India's First War of Independence (term)|India's First War of Independence]] to the Indians and as the Sepoy Mutiny to the British, when Indian [[sepoy]]s rebelled against the British [[East India Company]]'s [[Company rule in India|rule in India]]. Allegations of [[war rape]] were used as [[propaganda]] by British [[Colonialism|colonialists]] in order to justify the colonization of India. While incidents of rape committed by Indian rebels against British women and girls were virtually non-existent, this was exaggerated by the [[Media of the United Kingdom|British media]] to justify continued British intervention in the [[Indian subcontinent]].<ref>{{Cite book|title=Vanishing Women: Magic, Film Feminism|first=Karen Redrobe|last=Beckman|publisher=[[Duke University Press]]|year=2003|isbn=0-8223-3074-1|pages=31–3}}</ref>

At the time, [[History of British newspapers|British newspapers]] had printed various apparent eyewitness accounts of British women and girls being raped by Indian rebels, but cited little physical evidence. It was later found that some were fictions created to paint the native people as savages who needed to be civilized, a mission sometimes known as "[[The White Man's Burden]]". One such account published by ''[[The Times]]'', regarding an incident where 48 British girls as young as 10–14 had been raped by Indian rebels in [[Delhi]], was criticized by [[Karl Marx]], who pointed out that the story was propaganda written by a clergyman in [[Bangalore]], far from the events.<ref>{{Cite book|title=Vanishing Women: Magic, Film Feminism|first=Karen Redrobe|last=Beckman|publisher=[[Duke University Press]]|year=2003|isbn=0-8223-3074-1|pages=33–4}}</ref> A wave of anti-Indian vandalism accompanied the rebellion.  When Delhi fell to the British, the city was ransacked, the palaces looted and the mosques desecrated in what has been called "a deliberate act of unnecessary vandalism".<ref>[[John Keay|Keay, John]], India Discovered, The Recovery of a Lost Civilization, HarperCollins, London, 1981, {{ISBN|0-00-712300-0}}</ref>

Despite the questionable authenticity of colonial accounts regarding the rebellion, the stereotype of the Indian "dark-skinned rapist" occurred frequently in [[English literature]] of the late 19th and early 20th centuries. The idea of protecting British "female chastity" from the "lustful Indian male" had a significant influence on the [[British Raj]]'s policies outlawing [[miscegenation]] between Europeans and Indians. While some restrictive policies were imposed on white women in India to "protect" them from miscegenation, most were directed against Indians.<ref>{{Cite book|title=Converting Women|first=Eliza F.|last=Kent|publisher=[[Oxford University Press]]US|year=2004|isbn=0-19-516507-1|pages=85–6}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|title=Review Essay: Colonial Figures and Postcolonial Reading|first=Suvir|last=Kaul|journal=[[Diacritics (journal)|Diacritics]]|volume=26|issue=1|year=1996|pages=74–89 [83–9]|doi=10.1353/dia.1996.0005|s2cid=144798987}}</ref> For example, the 1883 [[Ilbert Bill]], which would have granted Indian judges the right to judge offenders regardless of ethnicity, was opposed by many [[Anglo-Indian people]] on the grounds that Indian judges could not be trusted in cases alleging the rape of white women.<ref>{{Cite book|first=Sarah|last=Carter|title=Capturing Women: The Manipulation of Cultural Imagery in Canada's Prairie West|publisher=[[McGill-Queen's University Press]]|year=1997|isbn=0-7735-1656-5|page=17}}</ref>

[[Leo Amery]] wrote in his private diaries that upon learning [[Indian independence movement|Indian separatists]] were refusing to resist the Japanese and contribute to the war effort, [[Winston Churchill]], in private conversation, said out of frustration, he "hated Indians" and considered them "a beastly people with a beastly religion". According to Amery, during the [[Bengal famine of 1943|Bengal famine]], Churchill stated that any potential relief efforts sent to India would accomplish little to nothing, as Indians "breeding like rabbits".<ref>{{Cite web |date=2015-01-30 |title=The darker side of Britain's most iconic wartime hero |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/winston-churchill-from-accusations-of-antisemitism-to-the-blunt-refusal-that-led-to-the-deaths-of-millions-9999181.html |access-date=2024-04-03 |website=The Independent}}</ref> Leo Amery likened Churchill's understanding of India's problems to [[King George III]]'s apathy for the Americas. Amery wrote "on the subject of India, Winston is not quite sane" and that he did not "see much difference between [Churchill's] outlook and [[Nazism and race|Hitler]]'s".<ref>{{Cite magazine |last=Mishra |first=Pankaj |date=2007-08-06 |title=Exit Wounds |url=https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2007/08/13/exit-wounds |access-date=2024-04-03 |magazine=The New Yorker|issn=0028-792X}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Amery |first=Leo |title=The Leo Amery Diaries |date=1929–1945 |publisher=Hutchinson |isbn=978-0-09-167290-4 |publication-date=1980 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=d5yfAAAAMAAJ}}</ref>
==South Asia==
===Pakistan===
{{Further|Islamization in Pakistan}}
According to [[Christophe Jaffrelot]] and Jean-Luc Racine, Pakistan's nationalism is primarily anti-Indian, even though both were part of the [[British Raj|British Indian Empire]] (before 1947). This, he argued, is part of the essence of the country's identity.<ref>{{cite book |editor-last=Jaffrelot |editor-first=Christophe |title=Pakistan: Nationalism without a Nation |publisher=Zed Books |location=London |year=2002 |isbn=1842771175 |page=38}}</ref> However anti-Indian sentiments have waxed and waned in the country since its [[independence of Pakistan|independence]].<ref>{{cite news |author=Arsia Jawaid |url=http://tribune.com.pk/story/278219/pakistans-non-anti-india-generation/ |title=Pakistan's non-'anti-India' generation |work=The Express Tribune |date=21 October 2011 |access-date=11 March 2015 |archive-date=17 July 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190717210620/https://tribune.com.pk/story/278219/pakistans-non-anti-india-generation/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="Vali Nasr">{{cite book |author=Seyyed Vali Reza Nasr |author-link=Vali Nasr |title=The Vanguard of the Islamic Revolution: The Jama'at-i Islami of Pakistan |publisher=University of California Press |year=1994 |isbn=0520083695 |pages=121–122}}
</ref> According to [[Tufts University]] professor [[Vali Nasr|Seyyed Vali Reza Nasr]], anti-India sentiment in Pakistan increased with the ascendancy of the [[Islamist]] [[Jamaat-e-Islami Pakistan|Jamaat-e-Islami]] under [[Sayyid Abul Ala Maududi]].<ref name="Vali Nasr"/>

==== Two-Nation Theory and Partition of India ====
{{Main|Two-Nation Theory|Partition of India}}
{{See also|India (Herodotus)}}
Some [[British Indian]] Muslims feared the Hindu majority that would gain political ascendance after the abolition of the colonial system of following the end of British rule. This view was bolstered by religious riots in British India such as the [[1927 Nagpur riots]].<ref name="Basu1993">
{{cite book |author=Tapan Basu |title=Khaki shorts and saffron flags: a critique of the Hindu right |year=1993 |publisher=Orient Blackswan |isbn=978-0-86311-383-3 |url= {{Google books |id=CimVTTVHtwQC |p=118 |plainurl=yes}} |pages=18–20}}
</ref> The [[Two-Nation Theory]] was enunciated by [[Allama Iqbal]],<ref name="winks2001">
{{Cite book | title=The Oxford history of the British Empire: Historiography |author=[[Robin Winks|Robin W. Winks]], Alaine M. Low | year=2001 | isbn=978-0-19-924680-9 |publisher=Oxford University Press | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=IRB52ijcgMMC | quote=At the heart of the two-nation theory was the belief that the Indian Muslims' identity was defined by religion rather than language or ethnicity}}
</ref><ref name="khan1940">{{Cite book | title=Pakistan: The Heart of Asia | author=Liaquat Ali Khan | year=1940 | isbn=9781443726672 | publisher=Thacker & Co. Ltd. | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=swIYjzJOx5wC | quote=There is much in the Muslims which, if they wish, can roll them into a nation. But isn't there enough that is common to both Hindus and Muslims, which if developed, is capable of moulding them into one people? Nobody can deny that there are many modes, manners, rites and customs which are common to both. Nobody can deny that there are rites, customs and usages based on religion that do divide Hindus and Muslims. The question is, which of these should be emphasized | author-link=Liaquat Ali Khan | access-date=14 August 2015 | archive-date=1 October 2023 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231001201532/https://books.google.com/books?id=swIYjzJOx5wC | url-status=live }}</ref> which was supported by the [[All-India Muslim League]] and eventually culminated in the independence from [[British Raj|British colonial rule]] of both India and of Pakistan in 1947.<ref name="Pande">
{{cite web |url=http://www.currenttrends.org/research/detail/islam-in-the-national-story-of-pakistan |title=Islam in the National Story of Pakistan |last=Pande |first=Aparna |date=14 October 2011 |work=Current Trends in Islamist Ideology, Volume 12 |publisher=[[Hudson Institute]] |access-date=19 November 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120420212038/http://www.currenttrends.org/research/detail/islam-in-the-national-story-of-pakistan |archive-date=20 April 2012  }}
</ref>

Violence at the time of the [[partition of British India]] and even prior led to communal tensions and enmity among Hindus and Muslims. In Pakistan, this contributed to Indophobia. In an interview with Indian news channel [[CNN-IBN]] Pakistani cricketer and politician [[Imran Khan]] said in 2011: "I grew up hating India because I grew up in [[Lahore]] and there were [[Partition of India|massacres of 1947]], so much bloodshed and anger. But as I started touring India, I got such love and friendship there that all this disappeared."<ref name="dawn2011114">{{cite web |url=http://www.dawn.com/2011/11/14/i-grew-up-hating-india-imran-khan.html |title=I grew up hating India: Imran Khan |date=14 November 2011 |work=[[Dawn (newspaper)|Dawn]]|location=Pakistan |access-date=5 December 2011 |archive-date=3 December 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111203191617/http://www.dawn.com/2011/11/14/i-grew-up-hating-india-imran-khan.html |url-status=live }}</ref>


{{Further|Persecution of Hindus in Pakistan}}
The [[Two-Nation Theory]] is predicated on the belief that at the time of Partition, the Indian Subcontinent was not a nation and in its extreme interpretation, it postulates the belief that Indian Hindus and Indian Muslims constituted nations that cannot co-exist "in a harmonious relationship".<ref name="epw1979r">
{{cite journal |last=Shakir |first=Moin |title=Always in the Mainstream |journal=[[Economic and Political Weekly]] |volume=14 |number=33 |date=18 August 1979 |page=1424 |quote=Even after independence, the theory of 'Muslim betrayal' has not been abandoned; it is still used by influential Hindu organisations like the RSS and Jana Sangh in order to justify their belief that the Muslims are not Indians but foreigners or temporary guests – without any loyalty to the country or its cultural heritage – and should be driven out of the country}}
</ref><ref name="S. M. Hali">{{cite news |title=Logic of the Two Nation Theory |author=S. M. Hali |url=http://nation.com.pk/columns/18-Apr-2012/logic-of-the-two-nation-theory |newspaper=The Nation |date=18 April 2012 |quote=the venomous pronouncement of Hindu Mahasabha, President Vinayak Damodar Savarkar, and Dr. Keshav Baliram Hedgewar, the founder of Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh (RSS) that&nbsp;... the Muslims are not Indians but foreigners or temporary guests-without any loyalty to the country or its cultural heritage-and should be driven out of the country |access-date=7 June 2015 |archive-date=23 July 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150723172037/http://nation.com.pk/columns/18-Apr-2012/logic-of-the-two-nation-theory |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="savarkar1989">{{Cite book | title=Savarkar commemoration volume | author=[[Vinayak Damodar Savarkar]], Sudhakar Raje | year=1989 | publisher=Savarkar Darshan Pratishthan | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ByFuAAAAMAAJ | quote=His historic warning against conversion and call for Shuddhi was condensed in the dictum 'Dharmantar is Rashtrantar' (to change one's religion is to change one's nationality) | access-date=14 August 2015 | archive-date=1 October 2023 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231001201533/https://books.google.com/books?id=ByFuAAAAMAAJ | url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="chakravarty1990">
{{Cite journal | title=Mainstream | author=N. Chakravarty |year=1990 | journal=Mainstream  |volume=28 |issue=32–52 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DDLQAAAAMAAJ | quote='Dharmantar is Rashtrantar' is one of the old slogans of the VHP}}
</ref>

According to [[Husain Haqqani]], Pakistan faced multiple challenges to its survival after the partition. At the time Pakistan's secular leaders decided to use Islam as a rallying cry against perceived threats from predominantly Hindu India. Unsure of Pakistan's future, they deliberately promoted anti-Indian sentiment with "Islamic Pakistan" resisting a "Hindu India".<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.twq.com/05winter/docs/05winter_haqqani.pdf |title=The Role of Islam in Pakistan's Future |last=Haqqani |first=Husain |date=Winter 2004–05 |work=[[The Washington Quarterly]] |page=89 |access-date=26 November 2011 |archive-date=13 January 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120113083416/http://twq.com/05winter/docs/05winter_haqqani.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref>

According to Nasr, anti-Indian sentiments, coupled with [[anti-Hindu]] prejudices have existed in Pakistan since its formation.<ref name="Vali Nasr"/> With the ascendancy of the [[Jamaat-e-Islami]] under [[Abul A'la Maududi|Maududi]], Indophobia increased in Pakistan.<ref name="Vali Nasr"/><ref name="PIPS">
{{cite web |url=http://www.san-pips.com/download.php?f=25.pdf |title=The Arabist Shift from Indo-Persian Civilization & Genesis of Radicalization in Pakistan |last=Hashmi |first=Arshi |work=Pak Institute for Peace studies |access-date=23 November 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120426001224/http://www.san-pips.com/download.php?f=25.pdf |archive-date=26 April 2012 |url-status=usurped  }}
</ref>

Commenting on Indophobia in Pakistan in 2009, former [[United States Secretary of State]] [[Condoleezza Rice]] termed the [[India–Pakistan relations|Pakistan-India relationship]] as shadowed by Indophobia.<ref name="Hindu20090507">
{{cite news |url=http://www.hindu.com/thehindu/holnus/001200905050940.htm |title=Pak a fragile entity survival on anti-India sentiment: Rice |date=5 May 2009 |work=[[The Hindu]] |access-date=24 November 2011 |location=Chennai, India}}
</ref>

In his article "The future of Pakistan" published by [[Brookings Institution]] American South Asia expert [[Stephen P. Cohen]] describes the Pakistan-India relationship as a neverending spiral of sentiments against each other.<ref name="Cohen2011">
{{cite web |url=http://www.brookings.edu/~/media/Files/rc/papers/2011/01_pakistan_cohen/01_pakistan_cohen.pdf |quote=When it comes to its relations with its most important neighbor, India its most important international ally, the United States, its overarching narrative is that of victimhood. Pakistan's perception of itself as the victim of Hindu domination has led to the mother of all 'trust deficits,' a deficit that can never be eliminated because it stems from the deeply held belief that Indians are dominating, insincere, and untrustworthy. In this view, there is nothing that Pakistan can do to normalize the relationship because Indians/Hindus are essentially untrustworthy and have proven that to be true time and time again. My view is that if trust is a component of the problem, it is an eternal one. |title=The Future of Pakistan |last=Cohen |first=Stephen P. |date=January 2011 |work=[[Brookings Institution]] |access-date=25 November 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110806124014/http://www.brookings.edu/~/media/Files/rc/papers/2011/01_pakistan_cohen/01_pakistan_cohen.pdf |archive-date=6 August 2011  }}
</ref>

===== Falsified narratives in school textbooks =====
{{Main|Pakistani textbooks controversy}}

According to Sustainable Development Policy Institute since the 1970s Pakistani school textbooks have systematically inculcated hatred towards India and Hindus.<ref name=sdpi>
{{cite book |title=The subtle subversion: the state of curricula and textbooks in Pakistan – Urdu, English, Social Studies and Civics |author1=A. H. Nayyar |author2=Ahmed Salim |publisher=Sustainable Development Policy Institute |year=2005}}
</ref><ref>Report of the project ''A Civil Society Initiative in Curricula and Textbooks Reform''. Sustainable Development Policy Institute, Islamabad.</ref> According to this report, "Associated with the insistence on the Ideology of Pakistan has been an essential component of hate against India and the Hindus. For the upholders of the Ideology of Pakistan, the existence of Pakistan is defined only in relation to Hindus hence the Hindus have to be painted as negatively as possible".<ref name= sdpi/>

A 2005 report by the National Commission for Justice and Peace, a nonprofit organization in Pakistan, found that [[Pakistan studies]] textbooks in Pakistan have been used to articulate the hatred that Pakistani policy-makers have attempted to inculcate towards the Hindus. "Vituperative animosities legitimize military and autocratic rule, nurturing a siege mentality. Pakistan Studies textbooks are an active site to represent India as a hostile neighbor", the report stated. "The story of Pakistan's past is intentionally written to be distinct from often in direct contrast with, interpretations of history found in India. From the government-issued textbooks, students are taught that Hindus are backward and superstitious." Further, the report stated "Textbooks reflect intentional obfuscation. Today's students, citizens of Pakistan and its future leaders are the victims of these blatant lies."<ref>[http://www.dailytimes.com.pk/default.asp?page=2006%5C04%5C25%5Cstory_25-4-2006_pg7_26 "Hate mongering worries minorities"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110606143452/http://www.dailytimes.com.pk/default.asp?page=2006%5C04%5C25%5Cstory_25-4-2006_pg7_26 |date=6 June 2011 }}, ''[[Daily Times (Pakistan)|Daily Times]]'', 25 April 2006.</ref>

==== Kashmir dispute and India–Pakistan conflict ====
{{Main|Indo-Pakistani wars and conflicts|Kashmir conflict}}
<!-- Deleted image removed: [[File:PakistanPoW.jpg|right|frame|A Pakistan stamp depicting the 90,000 POWs in Indian camps. The 1971 surrender by the Army, the loss of East Pakistan and the capture of such a large number of prisoners of war including women and children, Pakistanis further inflamed anti-India sentiment. The POWs were released by India after the signing and ratification of the [[Simla Agreement]].]] -->

India and Pakistan have had numerous military conflicts which have caused anti-Indian sentiment, with the [[Kashmir conflict]] being the most prominent and important one.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Iqbal|first1=Sajid|last2=Hossain|first2=Zoheb|last3=Mathur|first3=Shubh|date=2014-09-29|title=Reconciliation and truth in Kashmir: a case study|url=https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/0306396814542917|journal=Race & Class|volume=56|issue=2|pages=51–65|doi=10.1177/0306396814542917|s2cid=147586397|access-date=12 September 2020|archive-date=11 April 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220411111607/https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/0306396814542917|url-status=live|url-access=subscription}}</ref><ref>{{citation|last=Kazi|first=Seema|title=Rape, Impunity and Justice in Kashmir|url=http://www.sociolegalreview.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/12/Rape-Impunity-and-Justice-in-Kashmir.pdf|journal=Socio-Legal Review|volume=10|year=2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161118224034/http://www.sociolegalreview.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/12/Rape-Impunity-and-Justice-in-Kashmir.pdf|access-date=21 July 2017|archive-date=18 November 2016|pages=14–46|doi=10.55496/ZCWJ8096 |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="Kazi">{{Cite book|last=Kazi|first=Seema|url=http://www.oxfordislamicstudies.com/article/opr/t343/e0165?_hi=0&_pos=1|title=Gender and Militarization in Kashmir|work=Oxford Islamic Studies Online|publisher=Oxford University Press|quote=Sordid and gruesome as the militant record of violence against Kashmiri women and civilians is, it does not compare with the scale and depth of abuse by Indian State forces for which justice has yet to be done.|access-date=12 September 2020|archive-date=13 December 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191213021623/http://www.oxfordislamicstudies.com/article/opr/t343/e0165?_hi=0&_pos=1|url-status=dead}}</ref>

In 1971 rising political discontent in [[East Pakistan]], on the other side of India from West Pakistan, led to calls to secede from Pakistan, which were [[1971 Bangladesh atrocities|brutally suppressed]] by [[Pakistan Army]] leading to the [[Bangladesh Liberation War]]. India intervened, triggering the brief [[1971 Indo-Pakistani war]] that culminated in Pakistan's defeat and the secession of East Pakistan which then became [[Bangladesh]]. According to [[Ardeshir Cowasjee]] in [[West Pakistan]] the region's political and military leadership whipped up the anti-Indian sentiment with the slogan "crush India", in an attempt to convince the people that the only issue in East Pakistan was India's support of a [[secession]]ist movement.<ref name="Dawn20111106">{{cite news |url=http://www.dawn.com/2011/11/06/pakistanis-do-not-learn-from-history.html |title=Pakistanis do not learn from history |last=Cowasjee |first=Ardeshir |date=6 November 2011 |newspaper=[[Dawn (newspaper)|Dawn]]|location=Pakistan |access-date=25 November 2011 |archive-date=28 November 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111128020816/http://www.dawn.com/2011/11/06/pakistanis-do-not-learn-from-history.html |url-status=live }}</ref>

Writing for [[Middle East Research and Information Project]] the Pakistani nuclear scientist [[Pervez Hoodbhoy]] stated that anti-Indian sentiment is instilled in Pakistani soldiers early in their training at [[Cadet College Hasan Abdal]] and [[Cadet College Petaro]]. He also claimed that in order to prosper, Pakistan needed to overcome its hatred of India.<ref name="MER20110712">{{cite web |url=http://www.merip.org/mero/mero071211 |title=Pakistan, the Army and the Conflict Within |last=Hoodbhoy |first=Pervez |date=12 July 2011 |work=Middle East Report |publisher=[[Middle East Research and Information Project]] |access-date=2 December 2011 |archive-date=21 October 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111021072109/http://www.merip.org/mero/mero071211 |url-status=live }}</ref>

Economic disparity has been also a reason for the negative sentiments by Pakistan against India. Following the capture of [[Ajmal Kasab]], the surviving lone gunman in the [[2008 Mumbai attacks|November 2008 terror attacks]] in Mumbai planned by the Pakistan-based terrorist group [[Lashkar-e-Taiba]], Kasab confessed that "We were told that our big brother India is so rich and we are dying of poverty and hunger. My father sells [[dahi vada|dahi wada]] in a stall in Lahore and we did not even get enough food to eat from his earnings. I was promised that once they knew that I was successful in my operation, they would give 150,000 rupees (around US$3,352), to my family".<ref name="ABCUSA_AjmalAmirvideo">{{cite web |title=Mumbai Terrorist Wanted to Kill and Die and Become Famous, ABC News, 3 December 2008 |url=https://abcnews.go.com/Blotter/Story?id=6385015&page=2 |website=[[ABC News (United States)|ABC News]]}}</ref>

===Bangladesh===
[[File:July Revolution graffiti at Dhaka city 41.jpg|thumb|An anti-Indian [[graffiti]] drawn by the students at [[Dhaka University]] after the [[July Revolution (Bangladesh)|July Revolution]] in [[Bangladesh]], which writes in the background "[We] have broken the shakles of slavery of [[Rawalpindi|Pindi]] (Pakistan), [now we] won't tolerate the slavery of [[Delhi]] (India)" ({{lang|bn|পিন্ডির গোলামীর জিঞ্জির ছিন্ন করেছি, দিল্লির দাসত্ব মানি না মানবো না}}), a popular anti-Indian [[Anti-imperialism|imperialist]] quote attributed to [[Maulana Abdul Hamid Khan Bhashani]].]]
The [[Bangladesh–India relations|Indo-Bangladeshi]] relationship began to sour within a few years after the end of the [[Bangladesh Liberation War]]. Political disputes such as [[Deaths along the Bangladesh–India border|border killings by Indian forces]], allocation of waters on the [[Padma River|Padma river]] from the [[Farakka Barrage]] and [[Teesta River|Teesta river]] from the Teesta Barrage in [[West Bengal]], alongside [[Illegal immigration to India|illegal infiltration]] along [[Indo-Bangladeshi barrier]] has created rifts between the two countries.<ref name="rediff2005">{{cite web |url=http://www.rediff.com/news/2005/dec/21bspec.htm |title=Why Bangladesh hates India |work=Rediff.com |date=31 December 2004 |access-date=14 April 2012 |archive-date=29 December 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221229133606/https://www.rediff.com/news/2005/dec/21bspec.htm |url-status=live }}</ref> Indophobia in Bangladesh is coupled with anti-Hindu sentiments, which has led to accusations of [[dual loyalty]] among [[Hinduism in Bangladesh|Bangladeshi Hindu minority]] by Islamists and right-wing nationalists within the [[Islam in Bangladesh|Bangladeshi Muslim majority]].{{sfn|Riaz|2012|p=64}}

These sentiments rose rapidly during the [[Premiership of Narendra Modi|tenure]] of [[Narendra Modi]], leader of the [[Hindu nationalism|Hindu nationalist]] [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]. In 2019, the Modi government passed the [[Citizenship (Amendment) Act, 2019|Citizenship (Amendment) Act]], easing the procedure for granting Indian citizenship to Bangladeshi Hindu immigrants, whom the BJP saw solely as refugees fleeing religious persecution. Previously Modi's Home Minister and BJP president [[Amit Shah]] had declared that passage of the CAA will be followed by a nationwide [[National Register of Citizens]] programme<ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-12-23 |title=Everything you wanted to know about the CAA and NRC |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india-today-insight/story/everything-you-wanted-to-know-about-the-caa-and-nrc-1630771-2019-12-23 |access-date=2024-08-23 |website=India Today |language=en}}</ref> to specifically identify and deport Bangladeshi Muslim immigrants (whom the BJP branded as 'infiltrators') on lines of the [[National Register of Citizens for Assam|similar programme]] carried out in [[Assam]], another Indian state which shares borders with Bangladesh and has seen multiple ethnic clashes (see [[Bongal Kheda]] and [[Assam Movement|Assam movement]]) over uncontrolled immigration from Bangladesh. While campaigning during the [[2019 Indian general election|2019 general election]], Shah raised the issue of demographic change in East and Northeast Indian states caused by infiltration of Bangladeshi Muslims and derogatorily called Bangladeshi Muslims as 'termites'.<ref>{{Cite web |title=BJP chief terms Bangladeshi migrants 'termites' |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2018/9/24/bjp-chief-slammed-for-calling-bangladeshi-migrants-termites |access-date=2024-08-23 |website=Al Jazeera |language=en}}</ref> Modi's 2021 state visit to Bangladesh sparked [[2021 Bangladesh anti-Modi protests|anti-Hindu violence]] in the country. 

In the aftermath of the Modi government supporting the results of the [[2024 Bangladeshi general election|2024 Bangladeshi election]], a campaign was launched to boycott Indian goods in Bangladesh by [[Bangladesh Nationalist Party]], the main opposition party which had boycotted the polls.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Seli |first1=Yeshi |title=Six BNP members submit memorandum to IHC Dhaka, urges boycott of Indian goods |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/nation/2024/Dec/08/six-bnp-members-submit-memorandum-to-ihc-dhaka-urges-boycott-of-indian-goods |website=The New Indian Express |language=en |date=8 December 2024}}</ref> Anti-Indian sentiment rose rapidly in the country after the [[Resignation of Sheikh Hasina|violent overthrow]] of the ruling [[Premiership of Sheikh Hasina|Awami League government]] following allegations of [[Students–People's uprising (Bangladesh)#Controversies|Indian involvement]] in suppressing [[July Revolution (Bangladesh)|mass protests]] against [[Sheikh Hasina]]'s [[Criticism of Awami League|authoritarian]] government & the Modi government providing refuge to Hasina following her [[Resignation of Sheikh Hasina|resignation]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=India-Bangladesh Strains: Yunus Says Ties Intended to Be Strong, But 'Something Always Went Wrong' |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/world/bangladesh-wanted-good-ties-with-india-but-something-always-went-wrong-yunus-3582360 |access-date=2025-06-12 |website=Deccan Herald |language=en}}</ref>

Additionally, since the late 2000s, the [[Border Security Force]], a [[Central Armed Police Forces|Central Armed Police Force]] deployed to guard borders with both Pakistan and Bangladesh, have been accused by the Bangladeshi government of killing several Bangladeshi civilians.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.thedailystar.net/newDesign/news-details.php?nid=179091|title=BSF killed 136 Bangladeshis since 2009|access-date=11 November 2014|date=25 March 2011}}</ref> Several of the casualties have been reported at the [[Indo-Bangladeshi Barrier]], which the BSF constructed to keep a check on [[Illegal immigration in India|illegal immigration to India]], and prevent [[Terrorism in India|cross-border terrorism]] from [[Islamist]]s.<ref name="India-Bangladesh 'security' fence">{{cite news|url=http://www.channel4.com/news/articles/politics/international_politics/indiabangladesh+apossecurityapos+fence/3281357|title=Channel 4 News|date=24 July 2009|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091228183555/http://www.channel4.com/news/articles/politics/international_politics/indiabangladesh+apossecurityapos+fence/3281357|archive-date=28 December 2009|df=dmy-all}}</ref>

===Maldives===
Anti-India sentiments in the Maldives rose when the "India Out" hashtag started to trend on Twitter in the Maldives on 26 July 2021, the Maldives' Independence Day. Anti-India sentiments dates back when [[Abdulla Yameen]] was elected as the [[President of Maldives]] in 2013.<ref name=":0">{{Cite news |last=Banka |first=Neha |date=20 July 2021 |title=Explained: What is behind the 'India Out' campaign in the Maldives? |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/explained/the-maldives-india-out-campaign-explained-7396314/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220102033756/https://indianexpress.com/article/explained/the-maldives-india-out-campaign-explained-7396314/ |archive-date=2 January 2022 |access-date=22 November 2024 |work=[[The Indian Express]]}}</ref> During the government of [[Abdulla Yameen]], two Dhruv Advanced Light Helicopters (ALF) helicopters based on [[Addu Atoll]] and Hanimaadhoo that were gifted by India to the Maldives coast guard were returned by the Yameen government<ref>{{Cite news |last=Shaahunaz |first=Fathmath |date=4 April 2018 |title=Maldives to return India helicopter over local military exclusion |url=https://edition.mv/news/5660 |access-date=22 November 2024 |work=[[The Edition]]}}</ref> citing military intervention and a threat to the sovereignty of Maldives.<ref name=":0" /> Furthermore, Yameen accused India of developing intentions of [[state capture]] during the internal political turmoil in the country when former Maldives President [[Mohammed Nasheed]] solicited Indian intervention.<ref name=":1" /> According to Ahmed Azaan of the Maldivian online news organization Dhiyares, "...the "India Out" campaign is a call for the removal of the Indian military from the Maldives." Further, he tweeted that "..It is not a call to cut off diplomatic and trade relations with India" but the Maldives "should be able to forge ties with India without undermining our sovereignty."<ref name=":1">{{Cite news |last=Palanisamy |first=Balachander |date=26 July 2021 |title=The Maldives' 'India Out' Campaign |url=https://thediplomat.com/2021/07/the-maldives-india-out-campaign/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211222123650/https://thediplomat.com/2021/07/the-maldives-india-out-campaign/ |archive-date=22 December 2021 |access-date=22 November 2024 |work=[[The Diplomat (magazine)|The Diplomat]]}}</ref> On 2 July 2021, the country's ruling party, the [[Maldivian Democratic Party]] (MDP), released an official statement citing "concern over the ill-founded and disparaging remarks against Indian diplomats".<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |date=2 July 2021 |title=Maldivian Democratic Party Expresses Concern Over the Ill- founded and Disparaging Remarks Against Indian Diplomats in the Maldives. |url=https://mdp.org.mv/archives/79841 |access-date=22 November 2024 |website=[[Maldivian Democratic Party]]}}</ref> The MDP alleged that local news outlet Dhiyares and its co-founder and writer Ahmed Azaan, had been involved in a "continuous barrage of anti-India vitriol" that "appears to be a well-funded, well-orchestrated and pre-meditated political campaign with the express purpose of whipping up hatred against the Maldives' closest ally, India."<ref name=":2" />

===Sri Lanka===
{{See also|Sinhalese Buddhist nationalism#Myths}}

Anti-Indian prejudice may be caused by the island nation's bad experience with Invasions by Tamil Dynasties (such as the [[Chola dynasty]]), their ethnic tensions with Sri Lanka's [[Sri Lankan Tamils|Tamil minority]], who are accused of loyalty to India,<ref name="Cholan">{{cite web|url=http://www.sangam.org/taraki/articles/2006/12-12_Indo-Lanka.php?uid=2113|title=Indo-Lanka Relationships|work=sangam.org|access-date=7 June 2010|archive-date=26 May 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220526185141/https://www.sangam.org/taraki/articles/2006/12-12_Indo-Lanka.php?uid=2113|url-status=live}}</ref> India's alleged support and training of the [[LTTE]]<ref>{{citation |last=Brewster |first=David |chapter=Maritime South Asia |title=India's Ocean: The Story of India's Bid for Regional Leadership |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dkYsAwAAQBAJ |date=2014 |publisher=Taylor & Francis |isbn=978-1-317-80698-1 |chapter-url=https://www.academia.edu/7992855}}</ref> as well as massacres against Tamil Sri Lankan civilians committed by the Indian army denied by the Indians, such as the [[Jaffna hospital massacre]].<ref>Somasundaram, Daya; Jamunanantha, CS (2002). de Jong, Joop, ed.&nbsp;Trauma, War, and Violence: Public Mental Health in Socio-Cultural Context. Springer. p.&nbsp;213.&nbsp;{{ISBN|978-0-30646709-7}}.</ref>

In the 10th century, during the defence against the invading [[Tamils|Tamil]] [[Chola dynasty]], the [[Sinhalese Resistance]] killed scores of [[Hindu]] Tamils as a retaliation for invading Sri Lanka.<ref>{{cite book | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fRjBZ2AxxyMC&pg=PA64 | title=Charred Lullabies: Chapters in an Anthropography of Violence | author=E. Valentine Daniel | page=64 | isbn=1400822033 | date=11 November 1996 | publisher=Princeton University Press | access-date=18 August 2019 | archive-date=1 October 2023 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231001201553/https://books.google.com/books?id=fRjBZ2AxxyMC&pg=PA64#v=onepage&q&f=false | url-status=live }}</ref>

====Indian intervention in the Sri Lankan Civil War====
{{See also|Sinhala Only Act|Indian intervention in the Sri Lankan Civil War}}

Despite India's alliance with the Sri Lankan government during the [[Sri Lankan civil war|Sri Lankan Civil War]], anti-Indian views are fairly common among the ethnic [[Sinhalese people|Sinhalese]], escalated by [[Buddhist]] Nationalism and militancy. Attitudes towards [[Tamil people|Tamil]]s are associated with Indophobia and the Tamils were suspected of spying for the Indians. Indian traders and businessmen, patronized by the Tamil minority, have been shunned and attacked by the Sinhalese.<ref name="Cholan"/>

During the 1950s, discriminatory measures taken by the Sri Lankan government targeted Indian traders (typically from the Indian states of [[Tamil Nadu]] and [[Kerala]]), forcing the traders out of Sri Lanka. Following this, trade with India was deliberately scuttled, as was the sale of Indian magazines.<ref name="Cholan"/>

The Indophobia of that era led the Sri Lankan government to go after the so-called Tamils of 'recent' Indian origin. These immigrant plantation workers were imported by the British more than a hundred years earlier and had already been stripped of citizenship by earlier legislation—the first Legislative Act of the newly independent country in 1948. Since then, these Tamils lived as 'stateless' persons and many returned to India.<ref name="Cholan"/><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.colombotelegraph.com/index.php/gandhi-statue-vandalised-in-sri-lanka-the-hindu/ |title=Gandhi Statue Vandalised in Sri Lanka – THE HINDU |work=Colombo Telegraph |date=7 April 2012 |access-date=14 April 2012 |archive-date=11 April 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120411001530/http://www.colombotelegraph.com/index.php/gandhi-statue-vandalised-in-sri-lanka-the-hindu/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
The IPKF's involvement in Sri Lanka led to the rise of the anti-Indian [[Deshapremi Janatha Viyaparaya|Patriotic People's Front]].<ref>{{Cite book|title = Paradise Poisoned: Learning about Conflict, Terrorism, and Development from Sri Lanka's Civil Wars|isbn = 9789555800945|url = https://books.google.com/books?id=-sIRxpjfd-EC|last1 = Richardson|first1 = John Martin|year = 2005|publisher = International Center for Ethnic Studies|access-date = 7 November 2020|archive-date = 1 October 2023|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20231001201535/https://books.google.com/books?id=-sIRxpjfd-EC|url-status = live}}</ref>

During the [[Black July]], rioters targeted Indian Tamils. During one instance, the [[Sri Lanka Transport Board|Sri Lankan Bus Employees]] brutally killed seven Tamils including six members of the Ramanathan family (father, young daughter, three sons, and their uncle) and their driver, some of whom were bludgeoned to death.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://tamilnation.org/indictment/genocide83/badulla.htm#a5 | title=Black July 1983: The Charge is Genocide – Badulla – case study of state terror | access-date=5 March 2022 | archive-date=1 October 2023 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231001201535/https://tamilnation.org/indictment/genocide83/badulla.htm#a5 | url-status=live }}</ref>

==Middle East==
{{Expand-section|date=May 2025}}
===Israel===
Although Israel and India usually have good relations, Israelis on social media have been noticed for making racist comments at Indians.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.parhlo.com/check-out-how-well-israelis-treat-indians-with-hate-insults/ | title=#IndiaStandsWithIsrael, Really? Check Out How Well Israelis Treat Indians with Hate & Insults | date=19 May 2021 }}</ref>

==East and Southeast Asia==

=== China ===
{{see also|Sino-Indian border dispute}}
Indian police officers dispatched to [[Hong Kong]] and [[Shanghai]] during the British colonial era were often discriminated against by local Chinese and were called "red-headed A'san" (红头阿三) because of the [[Dastar|Sikh turban]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Indian vloggers in China with millions of followers pander to stereotypes about 'Asan' |url=https://theprint.in/opinion/eye-on-china/indian-vloggers-in-china-with-millions-of-followers-pander-to-stereotypes-about-asan/833205/ |website=theprint.in |date=16 February 2022 |access-date=18 July 2022 |archive-date=12 July 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220712225812/https://theprint.in/opinion/eye-on-china/indian-vloggers-in-china-with-millions-of-followers-pander-to-stereotypes-about-asan/833205/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

==== Xenophobia during the COVID-19 pandemic ====
Chinese social media users are aggressive towards Indians,<ref>{{Cite news |last=Ananth |first=Venkat |date=2020-06-18 |title=Chinese social media users insult India, show aggression |work=The Economic Times |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/tech/internet/chinese-social-media-users-insult-india-show-aggression/articleshow/76452359.cms |access-date=2023-03-03 |issn=0013-0389 |archive-date=3 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230303013840/https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/tech/internet/chinese-social-media-users-insult-india-show-aggression/articleshow/76452359.cms |url-status=live }}</ref> and Chinese officials also use "[[Wolf warrior diplomacy]]" to mock the [[COVID-19 pandemic in India]] on [[Weibo Awards|Weibo]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-05-04 |title=China's wolf warriors are undermining Beijing's empathetic messaging on India's Covid-19 crisis |url=https://qz.com/2004293/chinas-wolf-warriors-undermine-empathetic-messaging-to-india |access-date=2023-03-03 |website=Quartz|archive-date=3 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230303013840/https://qz.com/2004293/chinas-wolf-warriors-undermine-empathetic-messaging-to-india |url-status=live }}</ref> A video that a Chinese ministry has posted on its official Weibo account showing Chinese dancers featuring blackface to depict Indians which draws sharp reaction from netizens in India.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-05-10 |title=Chinese ministry's post of blackface video draws sharp reaction from Indians |url=https://www.scmp.com/news/china/article/3219998/chinese-ministrys-use-video-featuring-blackface-draws-sharp-reaction-indians |access-date=2023-07-01 |website=South China Morning Post|archive-date=1 October 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231001201540/https://platform.twitter.com/widgets/widget_iframe.2b2d73daf636805223fb11d48f3e94f7.html?origin=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.scmp.com |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=China Targets India with Racist Social Media Video {{!}} Vantage with Palki Sharma |url=https://www.firstpost.com/vantage/china-targets-india-with-racist-social-media-video-vantage-with-palki-sharma-9142 |access-date=2023-07-01 |website=Firstpost|archive-date=1 July 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230701183801/https://www.firstpost.com/vantage/china-targets-india-with-racist-social-media-video-vantage-with-palki-sharma-9142 |url-status=live }}</ref>

===Malaysia===
On 28 June 1969, anti-Indian riots broke out in [[Sentul, Kuala Lumpur|Sentul]] where Malays attacked and killed 15 Indians.<ref>{{cite book |author=John Slimming |title=The Death of a Democracy |publisher= John Murray Publishers Ltd |year= 1969 |isbn=978-0719520457 |pages=64 }}</ref>

In March 2001, a 9-day period of communal violence known as the [[2001 Kampung Medan riots]] occurred between Indians and Malays cost the deaths of 6 people and injuring many more people. The severity of injuries ranges from head injuries to severed limbs. The riots no doubt caused anti-Indian feelings among Malays residing in [[Selangor]] and [[Klang Valley]].

The novel [[Interlok]] caused enormous controversial backlash for allegedly being anti-Indian as the book includes racist derogatory terms used to refer to the Indians such as "Pariah" and "black people". The novel also includes the usage of the term ''kasta pariah'' ("[[Outcast (person)|pariah]] caste"), which often refers to persons from the lowest caste in the [[Indian caste system]].<ref name=thestar>{{Cite news|title=Unlocking the 'Interlok' issue|work=The Star|date=9 January 2011|url=http://thestar.com.my/news/story.asp?file=/2011/1/9/focus/7763036&sec=focus|access-date=28 January 2011|archive-date=15 January 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110115041527/http://thestar.com.my/news/story.asp?file=/2011/1/9/focus/7763036&sec=focus|url-status=live}}</ref>

On 26 November 2018, a riot was launched by several groups of people due to demolish purpose of 147-years-old [[Seafield Sri Mariamman Temple]] in [[Subang Jaya]] with the death of Malaysian firefighter, 24-years-old, Mohammad Adib Mohd Kassim erupted anti-Indian sentiment including several politicians.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.nst.com.my/news/nation/2018/11/434693/seafield-temple-riot-chaos-started-while-devotees-were-praying |newspaper=[[New Straits Times]] |title=Seafield temple riot: Chaos started while devotees were praying |first=Nurul Hidayah |last=Bahaudin |date=26 November 2018 |access-date=24 February 2021 |archive-date=13 April 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210413185232/https://www.nst.com.my/amp/news/nation/2018/11/434693/seafield-temple-riot-chaos-started-while-devotees-were-praying |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://m.malaysiakini.com/news/453915 |newspaper=Malaysiakini |title=Chronology of temple riots as explained by Muhyiddin in Parliament |date=29 November 2018 |access-date=6 May 2021 |archive-date=7 April 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220407080828/https://m.malaysiakini.com/news/453915 |url-status=live }}</ref>

===Myanmar===
Anti-Indian sentiment against the Indians during the [[British Raj]] began to rise in [[Myanmar|Burma]] after the [[World War I|First World War]] ended<ref>"The Muslims of Burma", p.32</ref> for a number of reasons. The country's ethnic Indian population was rapidly growing in Myanmar (almost half of Yangon's population was Indian by the [[World War II|Second World War]]<ref name="Encyclopedia of Modern Asia">{{citation| url =http://www.bookrags.com/research/yangon-ema-06/| title =Encyclopedia of Modern Asia| publisher =Charles Scribner's Sons| date =November 2002| access-date =3 September 2009| archive-date =10 January 2009| archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20090110065533/http://www.bookrags.com/research/yangon-ema-06/| url-status =live}}</ref>). The Indians played a prominent role in both the [[British rule in Burma|provincial government of Burma]] and the central government of India and as a result, they began to be targeted for persecution by Burmese nationalists. Racial animosity towards Indians because of their skin-color and appearance also played a role.<ref name="sy">{{cite book|author=Shway Yoe (Sir [[James George Scott]]) 1882|title=The Burman – His Life and Notions|publisher=The Norton Library 1963|location=New York|pages=436, 249–251, 348, 450}}</ref> Meanwhile, the price of rice plummeted during the economic depression of the 1930s and the [[Chettiar]] from [[Tamil Nadu]], who were prominent moneylenders in the rice belt, began to foreclose on land held by native Burmese.<ref name="sy"/><ref name="ms">{{cite book|author=Martin Smith|year=1991|title=Burma – Insurgency and the Politics of Ethnicity|publisher=Zed Books|location=London, New Jersey|pages=43–44,98,56–57,176|isbn = 984-05-1499-7}}</ref>

After Burma achieved Independence, Burmese law treated a large percentage of the Indian community as "resident aliens". Though many had long ties to Burma or were born there, they were not considered citizens under the 1982 Burma citizenship law which restricted citizenship for groups immigrating before 1823.<ref>{{cite web|title=Burma Citizenship Law|publisher=United Nations Human Rights Commission|date=15 October 1982|access-date=9 October 2009|url=http://www.unhcr.org/cgi-bin/texis/vtx/refworld/rwmain?docid=3ae6b4f71b|archive-date=29 April 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110429005350/http://www.unhcr.org/cgi-bin/texis/vtx/refworld/rwmain?docid=3ae6b4f71b|url-status=live}}</ref>

After seizing power through a military coup in 1962, General [[Ne Win]] ordered a large-scale expulsion of Indians. Although many Indians had been living in Burma for generations and had integrated into Burmese society, they became a target for discrimination and oppression by the junta. This, along with a wholesale nationalization of private ventures in 1964, led to the emigration of over 300,000 ethnic Indians from Burma.<ref name="ms"/> Indian-owned businesses were nationalized and their owners were given 175 kyat for their trip to India. This caused a significant deterioration in [[India–Myanmar relations|Indian-Burmese relations]] and the Indian government arranged ferries and aircraft to lift Burmese of Indian ethnicities out of Burma.<ref name="irrawaddy-1999">{{cite magazine |date=March 1999 |title=India and Burma: working on their relationship |url=http://www2.irrawaddy.org/article.php?art_id=1170 |magazine=[[The Irrawaddy]] |volume=7 |issue=3 |access-date=3 January 2014 |archive-date=4 January 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140104013119/http://www2.irrawaddy.org/article.php?art_id=1170 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

===Philippines===
{{see also|Indian Filipino}}
{{expand section|Specific incidents, sources|date=May 2025}}

Indians in the Philippines are frequently stereotyped by Filipinos as lazy, having poor hygiene (esp. having body odours), or being associated with ''five-six'' [[loan shark]] schemes. The term ''bumbay'' (after the older name of [[Mumbai]]) is often used as a slur against Indians.

===Singapore===
In 2020, numbers of discrimination occurred towards migrant workers of Indian origin.<ref>{{Cite web|url = https://sudhirtv.com/2020/05/12/rising-anti-indian-sentiment-in-singapore/|title = Rising anti-Indian sentiment in Singapore|date = 12 May 2020|access-date = 20 February 2021|archive-date = 16 January 2021|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20210116232457/https://sudhirtv.com/2020/05/12/rising-anti-indian-sentiment-in-singapore/|url-status = live}}</ref> There are also a number of locals who passed racist comments about them on Facebook.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/temasek-slams-racist-facebook-posts-targeting-its-indian-employees |title=Temasek calls out racist Facebook posts targeting its Indian employees; observers say posts show real tensions that need to be fixed |newspaper=The Straits Times |date=15 August 2020 |last1=Gene |first1=Ng Keng |last2=Yong |first2=Clement |access-date=20 February 2021 |archive-date=22 December 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201222045414/https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/temasek-slams-racist-facebook-posts-targeting-its-indian-employees |url-status=live }}</ref> The rental property market in Singapore presents a vivid display of how many landlords discriminate against Indian-origin tenants and reject their applications upfront. Many listing websites also have listings with 'no Indians' requirements.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Loh |first=Nyshka Chandran,Michelle |date=2017-03-03 |title=Even in weak market, racial bias trumps profit for many Singapore landlords |url=https://www.cnbc.com/2017/03/02/singapore-rental-racism-prc-and-indian-tenants-often-deemed-undesirable.html |access-date=2023-12-04 |website=CNBC}}</ref>

=== South Korea ===
In South Korea, Indians endure prejudice in the form of racist remarks, exclusion from clubs and restaurants, and other forms of discrimination.<ref>{{Cite web |last=The SportsGrail |date=2023-12-31 |title=Explained why are Indian and Pakistani people getting banned by South Korean locals |url=https://thesportsgrail.com/explained-why-are-indian-and-pakistani-people-getting-banned-by-south-korean-locals/ |access-date=2024-05-20 |website=The SportsGrail |language=en}}</ref>

=== Taiwan ===
Racist online comments and a [[2023 Taiwanese anti-Indian migrant worker protest|protest]] were directed against Indians in Taiwan in 2023 when the Ministry of Labor signed a memorandum of understanding to allow Indian migrant workers.<ref>{{cite web |title=Notes from Central Taiwan: Heartbreaking racism towards Indians |url=https://www.taipeitimes.com/News/feat/archives/2023/11/20/2003809423 |website= Taipei Times| date=November 2023}}</ref> While some organisations stated that racist comments were [[Chinese information operations and information warfare|Chinese misinformation]],<ref name="IORG">{{cite news| title=「10 萬印度移工讓台灣變成性侵島」可判定為資訊操弄| work=台灣資訊環境研究中心 IORG| date=2023-11-10| url=https://iorg.tw/eval/21| language=zh-tw| accessdate=2023-11-28| archive-date=2024-02-10| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240210215120/https://iorg.tw/eval/21 }}</ref> some media indicated that negetive depictions from [[mass media in Taiwan]], that depicts India as a dangerous place where [[Rape in India|sexual assault and murder are prevalent]], develop a racist precption against Indians among the people.<ref name="theinitium">{{cite news |author1=蕭函青 |title=右翼民粹能量暗湧，台灣反印度移工浪潮中的張力與微光 |url=https://theinitium.com/article/20231220-taiwan-oppose-indian-migrant-workers |accessdate=2025-06-24 |work=[[Initium Media]] |date=2023-12-19 |language=zh-hant |archive-date=2025-03-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250328020901/https://theinitium.com/article/20231220-taiwan-oppose-indian-migrant-workers }}</ref><ref name="twreporter">{{Cite web|date=2023-12-04|author1=許詩愷|title=暌違20年再開國門，歧視移工爭議風波如何因印度再現？|url=https://www.twreporter.org/a/oppose-introducing-indian-migrant-workers|access-date=2025-06-25|website=報導者|archive-date=2025-03-25|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250325082607/https://www.twreporter.org/a/oppose-introducing-indian-migrant-workers}}</ref>

===Thailand===
The behavior of Indian tourists has drawn outrage and criticism within Thailand which centers around acts such as littering and urination in public open spaces. In January 2025 several Indian tourists were urinating openly on Pattaya Beach during a busy evening the act was caught on video by a concerned Thai tourist. This behavior has drawn negative attention to Indian tourists in particular, leading to calls for improved enforcement of local laws and public awareness efforts to promote respectful behavior.<ref>https://www.pattayamail.com/news/indian-tourists-under-scrutiny-for-public-urination-and-littering-on-pattaya-beach-487626</ref><ref>https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/life-style/travel/news/indian-tourists-urinating-on-pattaya-beach-this-is-what-actually-happened/articleshow/117454745.cms</ref>

==Africa==

===Kenya===
Following the [[1982 Kenyan coup d'état attempt]] to remove [[Daniel arap Moi|President Moi]], many Indian shops and businesses in Nairobi were attacked and pillaged whilst a number of Indian women were said to have been raped by the rioters.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1982/09/01/world/a-fearful-reminder-lingers-for-asians-in-kenya.html|title=A fearful reminder lingers for Asians in Kenya|newspaper=[[The New York Times]]|date=September 1982|last1=Cowell|first1=Alan|access-date=20 February 2020|archive-date=20 February 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200220150318/https://www.nytimes.com/1982/09/01/world/a-fearful-reminder-lingers-for-asians-in-kenya.html|url-status=live}}</ref>

===South Africa===
{{further|Indian South Africans}}
The first anti-Indian commotion that took place in [[South Africa]] was the [[Durban riots]] in 1949 which took place in South Africa's largest city [[Durban]], where angry Black South Africans attacked and killed 142 [[Indian South Africans|Indians]], destroyed and looted Indian property.<ref name="SAhistory">{{cite web | url=http://www.sahistory.org.za/archive/70-durban-riots-1949 | title=The Durban riots, 1949 | publisher=South African History Online | access-date=23 October 2012 | archive-date=23 October 2012 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121023004914/http://www.sahistory.org.za/archive/70-durban-riots-1949 | url-status=live }}</ref>

Another anti-Indian riot took place again in Durban in 1985.<ref>[http://www.theindianstar.com/index.php?uan=5786 Current Africa race riots like 1949 anti-Indian riots: minister] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110501143926/http://www.theindianstar.com/index.php?uan=5786 |date=1 May 2011 }}, TheIndianStar.com</ref>

The influential leader [[Mahatma Gandhi]] experienced anti-Indian racism when he was in South Africa, he was beaten up by a driver for travelling in first class coach.<ref>{{Cite web | url=http://wikilivres.ca/wiki/The_Story_of_My_Experiments_with_Truth/Part_II/More_Hardships | title=Wikilivres – Coming Soon | access-date=19 October 2016 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120702044616/http://wikilivres.ca/wiki/The_Story_of_My_Experiments_with_Truth/Part_II/More_Hardships | archive-date=2 July 2012 | url-status=usurped }}</ref>
The Indians were not allowed to walk on public footpaths in South Africa and Gandhi was kicked by a police officer out of the footpath onto the street without warning.<ref>{{Cite web | url=http://wikilivres.ca/wiki/The_Story_of_My_Experiments_with_Truth/Part_II/What_it_is_to_be_a_%27Coolie%27 | title=Wikilivres – Coming Soon | access-date=19 October 2016 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160411011314/http://wikilivres.ca/wiki/The_Story_of_My_Experiments_with_Truth/Part_II/What_it_is_to_be_a_%27Coolie%27 | archive-date=11 April 2016 | url-status=usurped }}</ref>

In 2015, Phumlani Mfeka, a KwaZulu-Natal businessman and the spokesman for the radical Mazibuye African Forum tweeted "A good Indian is a dead Indian".<ref>{{cite web|url=https://twitter.com/phumlanimfeka/status/643301512786104321|title=Phumlani ka Mfeka on Twitter|access-date=17 January 2020|archive-date=8 March 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210308144949/https://twitter.com/phumlanimfeka/status/643301512786104321|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |date=25 October 2015 |first1=Nathi |last1=Olifant |first2=Bongani |last2=Mthethwa |url=https://www.pressreader.com/south-africa/sunday-times/20151025/281921656902545 |title=Anti-Indian crusader vows to defy court ban on inciting racial hatred |website=[[Sunday Times (South Africa)|Sunday Times]] |via=PressReader |access-date=17 January 2020 |archive-date=10 July 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200710050718/https://www.pressreader.com/south-africa/sunday-times/20151025/281921656902545 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://publiceyemaritzburg.co.za/23224/calls-for-racist-mfeka-to-be-punished/|title=Calls for racist Mfeka to be punished – Public Eye|date=30 October 2015}}{{Dead link|date=November 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> He published a letter in the city press claiming that South Africans of Indian origin have no right to citizenship and property in South Africa. Mfeka also claimed there is a "ticking time bomb of a deadly confrontation" between Africans and Indians in KwaZulu-Natal. The South African court barred him from making anti-Indian remarks in Nov 2015.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/south-african-court-bars-radical-leader-phumlani-mfeka-from-making-anti-indian-remarks/articleshow/49674198.cms|title=South African court bars radical leader Phumlani Mfeka from making anti-Indian remarks|date=5 November 2015|newspaper=[[The Economic Times]]|access-date=17 January 2020|archive-date=8 March 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210308133036/https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/south-african-court-bars-radical-leader-phumlani-mfeka-from-making-anti-indian-remarks/articleshow/49674198.cms|url-status=live}}</ref>

In 2017, EFF leader [[Julius Malema]] stated during a rally in KwaZulu-Natal "They are ill-treating our people. They are worse than Afrikaners were. This is not an anti-Indian statement, it's the truth. Indians who own shops don't pay our people, but they give them food parcels", and accused local politicians of being in the pockets of Indian businesspeople.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.iol.co.za/news/politics/effturns4-malema-attack-enrages-indians-10546442|title=#EFFTurns4: Malema attack enrages Indians|work=[[IOL News]]|access-date=3 April 2018|archive-date=3 April 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180403173702/https://www.iol.co.za/news/politics/effturns4-malema-attack-enrages-indians-10546442|url-status=live}}</ref> Malema also said that the success of Indian businesses in the province was due to their strategies of exploitation and monopolisation of the economy.<ref>{{cite news |title='Indians who own shops don't pay our people' – Malema's racial remarks condemned |work=[[TimesLIVE]] |url=https://www.timeslive.co.za/politics/2017-07-31-indians-who-own-shops-dont-pay-our-people-malemas-racial-remarks-condemned/ |access-date=10 May 2018 |archive-date=11 May 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180511081818/https://www.timeslive.co.za/politics/2017-07-31-indians-who-own-shops-dont-pay-our-people-malemas-racial-remarks-condemned/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Malema also referred to Indians in 2011 as '[[coolie]]s' (which is considered a strongly offensive pejorative term in contemporary South Africa).<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.news24.com/SouthAfrica/News/malemas-remarks-on-indians-has-the-possibility-to-incite-racial-hatred-20170802|title=Malema's remarks on Indians 'has the possibility to incite racial hatred'|work=News24|access-date=3 April 2018|archive-date=3 April 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180403173459/https://www.news24.com/SouthAfrica/News/malemas-remarks-on-indians-has-the-possibility-to-incite-racial-hatred-20170802|url-status=live}}</ref>

In 2021, South African Indians were largely targeted during the [[2021 South African unrest]]. Many Indians in [[Phoenix, KwaZulu-Natal]] have armed themselves to fight rioters in absences of police forces. [[Minister of Police (South Africa)|Police Minister]] [[Bheki Cele]] stated that the main motive behind the Phoenix riots was criminal and that racial issues were secondary. He confirmed that 20 people had died in the town in the unrest. He also warned people against falling for [[fake news]] designed to increase racial tensions.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Singh|first=Kaveel|url=https://www.news24.com/news24/southafrica/news/unrestsa-criminality-real-root-of-violence-in-phoenix-race-issues-second-bheki-cele-20210715|title=#UnrestSA: Criminality real root of violence in Phoenix, race issues second – Bheki Cele|work=News24|date=15 July 2021|access-date=15 July 2021|archive-date=15 July 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210715154116/https://www.news24.com/news24/southafrica/news/unrestsa-criminality-real-root-of-violence-in-phoenix-race-issues-second-bheki-cele-20210715|url-status=live}}</ref> The aftermath of the events saw influx of emigration of Indian communities from South Africa. The Beaver Canadian Immigration Consultants noted that immigration application for Indians has quadruple to 40 percent mainly from South Africa.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.indiatoday.in/world/story/emigration-enquiries-south-african-indians-violence-looting-1864550-2021-10-14 | title=Huge spike in emigration enquiries from South African Indians in wake of recent violence and looting | date=14 October 2021 | access-date=9 November 2021 | archive-date=17 October 2021 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211017044213/https://www.indiatoday.in/world/story/emigration-enquiries-south-african-indians-violence-looting-1864550-2021-10-14 | url-status=live }}</ref>

===Uganda===

==== Expulsion of South Asians under Idi Amin ====
The most infamous case of Indophobia is the [[ethnic cleansing]] of Indians and other [[South Asian]]s (sometimes simply called "[[Asian people|Asian]]") in [[Uganda]] by [[Idi Amin]].<ref name="Amin-Indophobia">General Amin and the Indian Exodus from Uganda
Hasu H. Patel, Issue: A Journal of Opinion, Vol. 2, No. 4 (Winter, 1972), pp. 12–22 {{doi|10.2307/1166488}}</ref>  {{Crossreference|text=(see [[Expulsion of Asians from Uganda]])}}

The Indian immigrants maintained strict racial [[endogamy]] and refused any inter-racial and inter-cultural relations, unions or marriages with the native [[Ugandan people]]. This resulted in strong racial [[envy]] by the African Ugandans, who were mostly [[Muslim]]s and [[Christian]]s, against the [[Hindu]] Indian expats.

According to H.H. Patel, many [[Indian diaspora in East Africa|Indians in East Africa]] and [[Uganda]] were [[tailors]] and [[bankers]], leading to [[stereotyping]].

Indophobia in Uganda also existed under [[Milton Obote]], before Amin's rise. The 1968 Committee on "Africanisation in Commerce and Industry" in Uganda made far-reaching Indophobic proposals.{{vague|date=April 2012}}

A system of work permits and trade licenses was introduced in 1969 to Indians' [[economic]] and professional activities. Indians were [[Racial segregation|segregated]] and [[discriminated]] against in all walks of life. After Amin came to power, he exploited these divisions to spread [[propaganda]] against Indians.

Indians were stereotyped as "only traders" and thereby "[[inbred]]" to their profession. Indians were attacked as "dukawallas" (an occupational term that degenerated into an anti-Indian slur during Amin's time). They were stereotyped as "greedy, conniving", without racial identity or loyalty, but "always cheating, conspiring and plotting" to subvert Uganda.

Amin used this to justify a campaign of "de-Indianisation", eventually resulting in the [[Expulsion of Asians in Uganda in 1972|expulsion]] and [[ethnic cleansing]] of Uganda's Indian minority.<ref name="Amin-Indophobia"/> Some 80,000 were expelled, leading about 25,000 to settle in the [[United Kingdom]].<ref>About 10,000 Indian citizens plus some 5,000 British passport holders went to India. Canada took most of Uganda's citizens (about 40,000) and the rest were taken by other countries, e.g. the US, the Netherlands, Austria, Sweden, Denmark, etc.[https://www.bbc.co.uk/legacies/immig_emig/england/suffolk/article_1.shtml Uganda's loss, Britain's gain -BBC] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190914132916/http://www.bbc.co.uk/legacies/immig_emig/england/suffolk/article_1.shtml |date=14 September 2019 }}</ref>

===Zimbabwe===
In the months before the Zimbabwean election, amongst widespread economic mismanagement by the Zimbabwean government, Zimbabwean president [[Emmerson Mnangagwa]] accused Zimbabwean Indians of hoarding basic goods, and threatened to seize their property.<ref>{{cite news|date=4 July 2023|title="Mnangagwa accuses Indian business people of hoarding basic goods, threatens to confiscate them"|url=https://www.thezimbabwean.co/2023/07/mnangagwa-accuses-indian-business-people-of-hoarding-basic-goods-threatens-to-confiscate-them/|access-date=5 July 2023|archive-date=5 July 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230705125500/https://www.thezimbabwean.co/2023/07/mnangagwa-accuses-indian-business-people-of-hoarding-basic-goods-threatens-to-confiscate-them/|url-status=live}}</ref>

==Pacific Islands==

===Fiji===
In 2000, Anti-Indian riots broke out throughout [[Fiji]] amidst an attempted coup. Protesters attacked Indian shops.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://independent.ie/world-news/looting-and-race-riots-follow-fiji-coup-attempt-26118488.html | title=Looting and race riots follow Fiji coup attempt | date=19 May 2000 | access-date=19 September 2022 | archive-date=21 September 2022 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220921205942/https://www.independent.ie/world-news/looting-and-race-riots-follow-fiji-coup-attempt-26118488.html | url-status=live }}</ref>

===Tonga===
During the [[2006 Nukuʻalofa riots]] in [[Tonga]], it was reported that dozens of Indian owned shops were being targeted by the rioters.

==Western world==
Contemporary Indophobia has risen in the western world, particularly in the United States, the United Kingdom, Canada, and others, on account of millions of Indians immigrating to the West, the rise of the [[Indian American]] community and the increase in [[offshoring]] of [[White-collar worker|white-collar]] jobs to India by American multinational corporations.<ref name="IndFact">[https://www.columbia.edu/~ap2231/indophobia-facts-versus-fiction/ Indophobia: Facts versus Fiction] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170525134015/http://www.columbia.edu/~ap2231/ET/et80_July27-05.htm |date=25 May 2017 }}, [[Arvind Panagariya]], [[Columbia University]] archives of ''[[The Economic Times]]''</ref>

===Australia===
{{further| Violence against Indians in Australia controversy}}
In May and June 2009, [[2009 attacks on Indian students in Australia|racially motivated attacks against Indian international students]] and a perceived poor police response sparked protests. Rallies were held in both Melbourne and Sydney. Impromptu street protests were held in Harris Park, a suburb of western Sydney with a large Indian population. Representatives of the Indian government met with the Australian government to express concern and request that Indians be protected. Prime Minister [[Kevin Rudd]] expressed regret and called for the attackers to be brought to justice. The United Nations termed these attacks "disturbing" and the human rights commissioner [[Navi Pillay]], herself a member of the [[Non-resident Indian and person of Indian origin|Indian diaspora]], asked Australia to investigate the matters further.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.dnaindia.com/world/report_un-asks-australia-to-investigate-root-cause-of-attacks-on-indian_1355539|title=UN asks Australia to investigate 'root cause' of attacks on Indian|work=Daily News and Analysis|date=5 March 2010|access-date=14 April 2012|archive-date=23 September 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120923155240/http://www.dnaindia.com/world/report_un-asks-australia-to-investigate-root-cause-of-attacks-on-indian_1355539|url-status=live}}</ref>

Some [[Facebook]] groups were set up with Indophobic leanings.<ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.smh.com.au/technology/technology-news/facebook-urged-to-switch-off-hate-sites-20100123-mrow.html | work=The Sydney Morning Herald | first=Alex | last=McClintock | title=Facebook urged to switch off hate sites | date=24 January 2010 | access-date=20 February 2020 | archive-date=19 October 2016 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161019054031/http://www.smh.com.au/technology/technology-news/facebook-urged-to-switch-off-hate-sites-20100123-mrow.html | url-status=live }}</ref> The Rudd Government set up a task force to address a proposal to make sending a text message encouraging the commission of a racial attack a federal offence. The group was headed by national security adviser Duncan Lewis. The proposed amendment would strengthen police powers to respond to attacks against Indian students.<ref>{{cite news|title=Race-hate messages may soon be illegal|url=https://www.smh.com.au/technology/racehate-messages-may-soon-be-illegal-20090619-cm56.html|work=The Sydney Morning Herald|access-date=18 June 2012|author=Cynthia Banham|date=19 June 2009|archive-date=7 November 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121107060212/http://www.smh.com.au/technology/racehate-messages-may-soon-be-illegal-20090619-cm56.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Internet-based racist commentary was able to continue because of protection afforded by privacy laws. The current system allows the commission to investigate complaints of racial vilification and then attempt to resolve complaints through conciliation with [[ISP]]s and site operators.<ref>{{cite web|title=More powers to nab net racists|url=https://www.smh.com.au/technology/more-powers-to-nab-net-racists-20100220-ompi.html|work=The Sydney Morning Herald|access-date=18 June 2012|author=Josh Gordon|date=21 February 2010|archive-date=7 November 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121107060231/http://www.smh.com.au/technology/more-powers-to-nab-net-racists-20100220-ompi.html|url-status=live}}</ref>

===Canada===
Anti-Asian animosity in the West was exacerbated in 1907 when riots against Chinese, Indian, and Japanese laborers in Bellingham, Washington, spread to Canada. Driven by bigotry and the dire status of the labor market, demonstrators flocked to Vancouver's streets, flooding them, attacking the targeted groups and demanding a "White Canada."<ref>{{cite web | last=Pallapothu | first=Sonya | title=The familiar rise of anti-Indian racism in Canada | website=Policy Options | date=2024-11-13 | url=https://policyoptions.irpp.org/magazines/november-2024/anti-indian-racism-canada/#:~:text=Canada's%20history%20of%20anti-South%20Asian%20racism&text=They%20were%20turned%20away%20because,Asian%20sentiment%20in%20the%20West. | access-date=2025-03-04}}</ref>

As of 2024, there has been an uptick in anti-Indian sentiment in Canada directed against the influx of Indian [[International students in Canada|international students]]. Indian international students in Canada state that they have witnessed discriminatory comments on social media from Canadians opposed to immigration. Between 2019 and 2022, hate crimes against [[South Asian Canadians|South Asians]] increased by 143 percent in Canada.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Josiah |first=Sinanan |date=22 Jun 2024 |title=South Asian newcomers to Canada say online hate is taking a toll |url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/windsor/south-asian-newcomers-to-canada-say-online-hate-is-taking-a-toll-1.7243057 |website=CBC News}}</ref> Indian students also reported experiencing a spike in offline racism on the streets starting in 2023.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Kaur |first=Prabhnoor |date=26 September 2024 |title='This is not the Canadian dream' — racism directed at Waterloo Region's international students on the rise |url=https://www.therecord.com/news/waterloo-region/this-is-not-the-canadian-dream-racism-directed-at-waterloo-regions-international-students-on-the/article_cb1c037f-0bdf-58cc-953f-d1ec06da9f2e.html |website=Waterloo Region Record}}</ref> Dated 20 September 2023, India's foreign ministry issued the advisory on growing anti-India activities and politically condoned hate crimes and criminal violence in Canada.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Sebastian |first=Meryl |date= 20 September 2023 |title= India warns citizens in Canada to be cautious |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-india-66851960|website=BBC News}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=YP |first=Rajest |date= 20 September 2023 |title= India tells citizens in Canada to exercise caution as relations worsen |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/india/indias-opposition-congress-dismisses-canadas-suspicions-sikh-leaders-murder-2023-09-20/|website=Reuters}}</ref>

===Germany===
{{See also|Leipzig University internship controversy}}
In August 2007, a mob of over 50 persons attacked 8 Indians in [[Mügeln#M.C3.BCgeln mob attack|Mügeln]].<ref>{{Cite news |url=http://www.spiegel.de/international/germany/mob-rule-in-eastern-germany-indians-attacked-by-crowd-at-street-party-a-500879.html |title=Mob Rule in Eastern Germany: Indians Attacked by Crowd at Street Party |newspaper=Der Spiegel |date=20 August 2007 |access-date=20 February 2020 |archive-date=24 September 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924150557/http://www.spiegel.de/international/germany/mob-rule-in-eastern-germany-indians-attacked-by-crowd-at-street-party-a-500879.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/6956374.stm |title=Germans probe assault on Indians |date=21 August 2007 |access-date=20 February 2020 |archive-date=2 April 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402181410/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/6956374.stm |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://usatoday30.usatoday.com/news/world/2007-08-20-germany-attack_n.htm |title=German mob attacks 8 Indians at a fair |access-date=20 February 2020 |archive-date=6 October 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151006154658/http://usatoday30.usatoday.com/news/world/2007-08-20-germany-attack_n.htm |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title='Shame, Shame, Shame!': Readers React to German Racist Attack|url=http://www.spiegel.de/international/germany/shame-shame-shame-readers-react-to-german-racist-attack-a-501654.html|work=Spiegel Online|date=23 August 2007|access-date=20 February 2020|archive-date=4 October 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151004004408/http://www.spiegel.de/international/germany/shame-shame-shame-readers-react-to-german-racist-attack-a-501654.html|url-status=live}}</ref>

In 2023, the German media outlet, [[Der Spiegel]], published a cartoon representing India's [[population growth]] surpassing China's. It showed a cartoon of a clean Chinese electric train being surpassed by a dirty crowded smokey Indian train. The cartoon was condemned by several Indian commentators deeming it as "racist" and "colonial."<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.independent.co.uk/asia/india/india-der-spiegel-racist-cartoon-population-b2327147.html | title='Racist' cartoon on India's population raises hackles: 'Colonial mindset' | website=[[Independent.co.uk]] | date=26 April 2023 }}</ref>

===Poland===
In 2022, an Indian man was racially abused by an [[Americans|American]] [[tourist]] in Poland who called him a parasite and accused him of "[[White genocide conspiracy theory|genociding our race]]".<ref>{{Cite web |agency=PTI |date=3 September 2022 |title=Indian man racially abused in Poland, called 'parasite' and told 'go back to your country' |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/indian-man-racially-abused-in-poland-called-parasite-and-told-go-back-to-your-country/articleshow/93965984.cms |access-date=2022-12-14 |website=The Times of India|archive-date=14 December 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221214173555/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/indian-man-racially-abused-in-poland-called-parasite-and-told-go-back-to-your-country/articleshow/93965984.cms |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=PTI |date=2022-09-03 |title=Indian man racially abused by American in Poland; called a 'parasite' |url=https://theprint.in/world/indian-man-racially-abused-in-poland-called-parasite-and-told-go-back-to-your-country/1114740/ |access-date=2022-12-14 |website=ThePrint|archive-date=14 December 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221214173554/https://theprint.in/world/indian-man-racially-abused-in-poland-called-parasite-and-told-go-back-to-your-country/1114740/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

===United Kingdom===

During the mid-20th century, after India became independent from [[British Raj|British rule]], large waves of Indian migration to the UK occurred. Starting in the late 1960s, anti-Indian racism began to affect [[British Indians]] as they became victims of [[Racism|racist]] violence and other forms of [[racial discrimination]] at the hands supporters of far-right, anti-immigration and racist political parties such as the [[National Front (UK)|National Front]] (NF) and the [[British National Party]] (BNP).<ref name="Puri">{{cite web |last=Puri |first=Kavita |date=20 December 2019 |title=They came from south Asia to help rebuild Britain. The racism they saw then is back |url=https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2019/dec/20/south-asia-racism-testimonies-hostility |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201017032428/https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2019/dec/20/south-asia-racism-testimonies-hostility |archive-date=17 October 2020 |newspaper=The Guardian}}</ref><ref name="Chaudhary">{{cite web |last=Chaudhary |first=Vivek |date=4 April 2018 |title=How London's Southall became 'Little Punjab' |url=https://www.theguardian.com/cities/2018/apr/04/how-london-southall-became-little-punjab- |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220327145438/https://www.theguardian.com/cities/2018/apr/04/how-london-southall-became-little-punjab- |archive-date=27 March 2022 |newspaper=The Guardian}}</ref> This anti-Indian racism peaked during the 1970s and 1980s.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Ashe |first1=Stephen |last2=Virdee |first2=Satnam |last3=Brown |first3=Laurence |title=Striking back against racist violence in the East End of London, 1968–1970 |journal=[[Race & Class]] |date=2016 |volume=58 |issue=1 |pages=34–54 |doi=10.1177/0306396816642997 |pmid=28479657 |pmc=5327924 |issn=0306-3968}}</ref><ref name="Puri"/><ref name="Chaudhary"/> The [[Indian Workers' Association]] was one of many political organisations in the UK which helped to oppose racist attacks against Indians. In 1976 the [[Rock Against Racism]] political and cultural movement was formed as a reaction to racist attacks that were happening on the streets of the United Kingdom, many of them targeting British Indians.<ref>{{cite book |author=Taylor |first=Stan |title=The National Front in English Politics |year=1982 |page=139}}</ref>

A notable example of anti-Indian sentiment in the UK is the 2007 [[Celebrity Big Brother racism controversy]] which received significant media coverage. Contestants [[Jade Goody]] (who was [[mixed race]]), [[Danielle Lloyd]] and [[Jo O'Meara]] were all seen to have been mocking Bollywood actress [[Shilpa Shetty]] because of her accent. They also persisted in making fun of general parts of Indian culture. [[Channel 4]] screened the arguments between the contestants, which received over 50,000 complaints. The controversy generated over 300 newspaper articles in Britain, 1,200 in [[English language]] newspapers around the globe, 3,900 foreign language news articles, and 22,000 blog postings on the internet.<ref>{{cite news|title=Racial Subplot on British 'Big Brother' Grabs Nation and Ratings|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2007/01/21/world/europe/21brother.html?ref=europe|author=Alan Cowell|work=The New York Times|date=2007-01-21|access-date=2007-01-21|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090416021847/http://www.nytimes.com/2007/01/21/world/europe/21brother.html?ref=europe|archive-date=16 April 2009}}</ref> In October 2018, it was reported that [[Conservative Party (UK)|Conservative Party]] candidate for the [[Mayor of London]] [[Shaun Bailey (London politician)|Shaun Bailey]] had written a pamphlet, entitled ''No Man's Land'', for the [[Centre for Policy Studies]]. In it, Bailey claimed that [[South Asian ethnic groups|South Asians]] "bring their culture, their country and any problems they might have, with them" and that this was not a problem within the [[Black British|Black community]] "because we've shared a religion and in many cases a language".<ref>{{Cite web|date=2018-10-04|title=Tory London mayoral candidate claimed celebrating Hindu and Muslim festivals has turned Britain into 'cesspool of crime'|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/politics/conservative-london-candidate-mayor-shaun-bailey-hindu-muslim-festival-crime-a8566341.html |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220507/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/politics/conservative-london-candidate-mayor-shaun-bailey-hindu-muslim-festival-crime-a8566341.html |archive-date=7 May 2022 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live|access-date=2021-01-12|website=The Independent}}{{cbignore}}</ref>

===United States===

[[Racism against Asians|Anti-Asian sentiment]] and [[Xenophobia]] had already emerged in the [[United States]] in response to [[Chinese immigration to the United States|Chinese immigration]] and the cheap labor which it supplied, mostly for railroad construction in [[California]] and elsewhere on the [[West Coast of the United States|West Coast]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Chinese railroad labourers in North America during the mid-late nineteenth century|url=http://web.mac.com/matthew.annis/iWeb/Chinese%20railroad%20labourers/Introduction_files/Introduction.pdf|publisher=Matthew Annis|access-date=27 May 2012|author=Matthew Annis}} {{dead link|date=September 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> In the common [[jargon]] of the day, ordinary workers, newspapers and politicians opposed immigration from Asia. The common desire to remove [[Asian people|Asians]] from the workforce inspired the rise of the [[Asiatic Exclusion League]]. During the late 19th and early 20th centuries, Indian immigrants, mostly [[Punjab, India|Punjab]]i [[Sikhs]], settled in California, and American anti-Asian sentiments expanded to encompass immigrants from the Indian subcontinent.<ref>Chan Sucheng, Asian Americans: An Interpretive History, Twayne 1991</ref><ref>"Shut the gate to the Hindoo invasion", San Francisco examiner, 6 June 1910</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Closed Borders and Mass Deportations: The Lessons of the Barred Zone Act|url=http://www.ilaborate.org/resource/closed_borders_and_mass_deportations_the_lessons_of_the_barred_zone_act|publisher=Immigration Policy Center|access-date=27 May 2012|author=Alicia J. Campi|format=Scribd file|date=1 December 2005|archive-date=17 December 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191217222024/http://www.ilaborate.org/resource/closed_borders_and_mass_deportations_the_lessons_of_the_barred_zone_act|url-status=dead}}</ref>

Immigration from [[British Raj|India]] to the [[United States]] became more frequent between 1907 and 1920 because of Canada's Immigration Act<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Feetham|first=R.|date=1921|title=The New Government of India act|jstor=753056|journal=Journal of Comparative Legislation and International Law|volume=3|issue=1|pages=101–111}}</ref> in 1910 which restricted the number of Indians coming into the country. California was where most Indians migrated to and Indian immigrants had a negative stigma around them.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=iYzwDVlBo1sC&pg=PR7|title=Desis in the House: Indian American Youth Culture in Nyc|last=Maira|first=Sunaina|date=20 June 2012|publisher=Temple University Press|isbn=9781439906736|access-date=6 May 2020|archive-date=1 October 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231001202038/https://books.google.com/books?id=iYzwDVlBo1sC&pg=PR7#v=onepage&q&f=false|url-status=live}}</ref>

Hatred of the Indians amongst Americans led to the [[Bellingham riots]] in 1907. In the late-1980s in [[New Jersey]], an anti-Indian hate group gang calling themselves the "[[Dotbusters]]" targeted, threatened and viciously beat Indians until they were in a coma and died or suffered brain damage.<ref>{{cite web|title=Time article – Racism or Storm in a Chai-Cup?|url=http://www.lassiwithlavina.com/thebuzz/time-article-racism-or-storm-in-a-chai-cup/html|work=Lassi With Lavina... A Billion Stories To Be Shared|publisher=Lavina Melwani|access-date=27 May 2012|author=Lavina Melwani|date=4 July 2010|archive-date=24 May 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120524235029/http://www.lassiwithlavina.com/thebuzz/time-article-racism-or-storm-in-a-chai-cup/html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.itbusinessedge.com/cm/blogs/tennant/using-lies-to-foster-anti-indian-sentiment/?cs=41165|title=Using Lies to Foster Anti-Indian Sentiment &#124; Blogs|publisher=ITBusinessEdge.com|date=14 May 2010|access-date=14 April 2012|archive-date=1 March 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120301022548/http://www.itbusinessedge.com/cm/blogs/tennant/using-lies-to-foster-anti-indian-sentiment/?cs=41165|url-status=live}}</ref> The former President [[Richard Nixon]] was found voicing disparaging remarks on Indians in newly declassified White House tapes, citing Indians as the "most sexless", "nothing" and "pathetic". He further remarks about Indian women as the "Undoubtedly the most unattractive women in the world are the Indian women. Undoubtedly."<ref>{{cite news | url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/richard-nixons-remarks-against-indians-reflect-his-vulgarity-racism-say-former-diplomats/articleshow/77950037.cms | title=Richard Nixon's remarks against Indians reflect his 'vulgarity', 'racism', say former diplomats | newspaper=The Economic Times | access-date=22 December 2021 | archive-date=22 December 2021 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211222132216/https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/richard-nixons-remarks-against-indians-reflect-his-vulgarity-racism-say-former-diplomats/articleshow/77950037.cms | url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://indianexpress.com/article/india/richard-nixon-india-hatred-tapes-6583701/ | title=New tapes show more of Nixon 'hatred' for India, Indians | date=5 September 2020 | access-date=22 December 2021 | archive-date=22 December 2021 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211222132215/https://indianexpress.com/article/india/richard-nixon-india-hatred-tapes-6583701/ | url-status=live }}</ref>

[[Vamsee Juluri]], author and Professor of [[Media Studies]] at the [[University of San Francisco]], identifies Indophobia in certain sections of the US media as part of a racist [[postcolonial]]/[[neo-colonialism|neocolonial]] discourse used to attack and defame India and encourage racial prejudice against [[Indian Americans]],<ref>{{Cite journal |author=Steinfeldt, Jesse A |date=2010 |title=Racism in the electronic age: Role of online forums in expressing racial attitudes about American Indians |url=https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20658879/ |format=PDF |journal=Cultural Diversity & Ethnic Minority Psychology |volume=16 |issue=3 |pages=362–371 |doi=10.1037/a0018692 |pmid=20658879 |access-date=24 April 2024}}</ref> particularly in light of India's recent economic progress, which some "old-school" colonialists find to be incompatible with their [[The Clash of Civilizations|Clash of Civilization]]s world view. Juluri identified numerous instances of bias and prejudice against Indians in US media, such as ''[[The New York Times]]'' and ''[[Foreign Policy]]''<ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.huffingtonpost.com/vamsee-juluri/indophobia-the-real-eleph_b_415237.html | work=Huffington Post | first=Vamsee | last=Juluri | title=Indophobia: The Real Elephant in the Living Room | date=18 March 2010 | access-date=20 February 2020 | archive-date=20 June 2017 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170620045500/http://www.huffingtonpost.com/vamsee-juluri/indophobia-the-real-eleph_b_415237.html | url-status=live }}</ref> and attempts to erase and disparage the history of India in American school textbooks misrepresent the history of India during the [[California textbook controversy over Hindu history]] with the final verdict to retain the term "India" in Californian textbooks and to remove the disparaging contents from textbooks.

==Latin America and the Caribbean==
===Trinidad and Tobago===
There is occasional anti-Indian discrimination amongst the locals of the [[Caribbean islands]] especially [[Trinidad and Tobago]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.guyana.org/features/conflicts_indiansandblacks.html |title=Conflict between East Indians and Blacks |publisher=Guyana.org |date=18 May 2000 |access-date=14 April 2012 |archive-date=2 December 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101202013914/http://www.guyana.org/features/conflicts_indiansandblacks.html |url-status=live }}</ref>

===Guyana===
Anti-Indian sentiments in Guyana sometimes become violent. Anti-Indian riots of Guyana saw the black population burn businesses belonging to the Indians, many Indians and Africans have lost their lives rioting.<ref>{{cite web|title=Crime and Racism|url=http://www.guyanaundersiege.com/Security/Crime%20and%20Racism.htm|work=Guyana Under Siege|publisher=Guyanaundersiege.com|access-date=27 May 2012|author=Rakesh Rampertab|date=15 December 2002|archive-date=3 March 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120303004357/http://www.guyanaundersiege.com/Security/Crime%20and%20Racism.htm|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Racism Does Influence Crime|url=http://www.guyanaundersiege.com/Security/Crime%20and%20Race%20are%20Linked.htm|work=Guyana Under Siege|publisher=Guyanaundersiege.com|access-date=27 May 2012|author=Rakesh Rampertab|date=10 April 2004|archive-date=3 March 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120303004431/http://www.guyanaundersiege.com/Security/Crime%20and%20Race%20are%20Linked.htm|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.indocaribbeanheritage.com/content/view/24/45/ |title=Survival in the New World |publisher=Indo-Caribbean Heritage |date=25 July 2006 |access-date=14 April 2012 |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120429190911/http://www.indocaribbeanheritage.com/content/view/24/45/ |archive-date=29 April 2012  }}</ref>

==Incidents in mass media==

===Western media===
The [[Western media]] often propagates stereotypes against India.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Tiwari |first=Noopur |date=2014-07-01 |title=Western Media's Dangerous Obsession |url=https://www.newslaundry.com/2014/07/01/western-medias-dangerous-obsession |access-date=2024-05-20 |website=Newslaundry |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-12-26 |title=Western media's hypocrisy in reporting on India and the Global South: A call for change |url=https://www.firstpost.com/opinion/western-medias-hypocrisy-in-reporting-on-india-and-the-global-south-a-call-for-change-13545512.html |access-date=2024-05-20 |website=Firstpost |language=en-us}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Kumar |first=Rahul |date=2022-11-14 |title=Western media's anti-India bias |url=https://www.thehansindia.com/hans/opinion/news-analysis/western-medias-anti-india-bias-769088 |access-date=2024-05-20 |website=www.thehansindia.com |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-05-10 |title=[Burning Issue] Western Media's Bias Against India - Civilsdaily |url=https://www.civilsdaily.com/burning-issue-western-medias-bias-india/ |access-date=2024-05-20 |language=en-US}}</ref>

==== BBC ====
Writing for the 2008 edition of the [[peer-reviewed]] ''[[Historical Journal of Film, Radio and Television]]'', [[Alasdair Pinkerton]] analysed BBC Indian coverage from independence through 2008. Pinkerton suggested a tumultuous history involving allegations of Indophobic bias, particularly during the [[cold war]], and concludes that BBC coverage of [[South Asian]] geopolitics and economics shows pervasive Indophobic bias.<ref>{{Cite journal| author   = Alasdair Pinkerton|date=October 2008| title    = A new kind of imperialism? The BBC, cold war broadcasting and the contested geopolitics of south asia| journal   = Historical Journal of Film, Radio and Television| volume   = 28| issue    = 4| pages    = 537–555| doi     = 10.1080/01439680802310324|s2cid=192197510}}</ref>

In the journal of the [[Institute for Defence Studies and Analyses]], media analyst Ajai K. Rai strongly criticised the BBC for Indophobic bias. He found a lack of depth and fairness in BBC reporting on conflict zones in South Asia and that the BBC had, on at least one occasion, fabricated photographs while reporting on the [[Kashmir conflict]] to make India look bad. He claimed that the network made false allegations that the [[Indian Army]] stormed a sacred [[Muslim]] shrine, the tomb of [[Sheikh Noor-ud-din Wali|Sheikh Noor-u-din Noorani]] in [[Charari Sharief]], and only retracted the claim after strong criticism.<ref>{{Cite journal| author   = Ajai K. Rai
|date=June 2000| title    = Conflict Situations and the Media: A Critical Look| journal   = Strategic Analysis| volume   = 24| issue    = 3| pages    = 585–601| doi     = 10.1080/09700160008455233| publisher  = Routledge (Taylor and Francis Group)|s2cid=145094564}}</ref>

English journalist [[Christopher Booker]] has also criticized the BBC for its coverage of India-related matters. He concludes that the BBC's efforts to reinforce [[stereotypes of South Asians]] have been directly responsible for damaging the image of India and encouraging racist incidents against Indians, such as the [[Leipzig University internship controversy]].<ref>{{cite news|last1=Booker|first1=Christopher|title=Why to blacken India on rape do they have to omit the facts?|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/comment/11472416/Why-to-blacken-India-on-rape-do-they-have-to-omit-the-facts.html |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220112/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/comment/11472416/Why-to-blacken-India-on-rape-do-they-have-to-omit-the-facts.html |archive-date=12 January 2022 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live|access-date=26 April 2018|work=[[The Daily Telegraph]]|location=London|date=14 March 2015}}{{cbignore}}</ref>

==== ''The New York Times'' ====
The newspaper's India coverage has been heavily criticized by scholars such as [[Sumit Ganguly]], a professor of [[political science]] at [[Indiana University]] and a member of the [[Council on Foreign Relations]] as well the London-based [[The Institute of Strategic Studies|Institute of Strategic Studies]]. In a 2009 ''[[Forbes]]'' article, Ganguly faults ''The New York Times'' editorial board for its "hectoring" and "patronizing" tone towards India. He finds anti-India bias in coverage of the [[Kashmir conflict]], the [[Hyde Act]] and other India-related matters.<ref>[https://www.forbes.com/2009/07/21/new-york-times-india-clinton-climate-nuclear-opinions-contributors-sumit-ganguly.html Hillary, India And 'The New York Times'] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180413044042/https://www.forbes.com/2009/07/21/new-york-times-india-clinton-climate-nuclear-opinions-contributors-sumit-ganguly.html |date=13 April 2018 }}, [[Sumit Ganguly]], ''[[Forbes]]''.</ref>

In 2010, the ''[[Huffington Post]]'' charged that ''[[The New York Times]]'' is Indophobic and promotes neocolonialism with its slanted and negative coverage.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.huffingtonpost.com/vamsee-juluri/indophobia-the-real-eleph_b_415237.html|title=Indophobia: The Real Elephant in the Living Room|work=Huffington Post|date=18 March 2010|access-date=20 February 2020|archive-date=20 June 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170620045500/http://www.huffingtonpost.com/vamsee-juluri/indophobia-the-real-eleph_b_415237.html|url-status=live}}</ref> United States lawmaker [[Kumar P. Barve]] described a recent editorial on India as full of "blatant and unprofessional factual errors or omissions" having a "haughty, condescending, arrogant and patronizing" tone.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.indianexpress.com/news/indianamerican-lawmaker-blasts-nyt-for-antiindia-editorial/492140/|title=Indian-American lawmaker blasts NYT for anti-India editorial|date=21 July 2009|publisher=The Indian Express Limited|work=The Indian Express|access-date=18 June 2012|archive-date=23 September 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090923125247/http://www.indianexpress.com/news/indianamerican-lawmaker-blasts-nyt-for-antiindia-editorial/492140/|url-status=live}}</ref>

In September 2014, the [[Indian Space Research Organisation|Indian Space Research Organization]] (ISRO) successfully placed a spacecraft into orbit around the planet [[Mars]], thereby completing the [[Mars Orbiter Mission]]. CNN reported this as a "groundbreaking Mars mission", making India the first nation to arrive on its first attempt and the first Asian country to reach Mars.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.cnn.com/2014/09/23/world/asia/mars-india-orbiter/index.html|title=India's spacecraft reaches Mars orbit&nbsp;... and history|first=Madison|last=Park|publisher=CNN|date=23 September 2014|access-date=26 July 2016|archive-date=27 July 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160727143255/http://www.cnn.com/2014/09/23/world/asia/mars-india-orbiter/index.html|url-status=live}}</ref> A few days later, [[The New York Times]] published a cartoon on this event, showing a turban-wearing man with a cow knocking at the door of an "elite space club".<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2014/09/29/opinion/heng-indias-budget-mission-to-mars.html|title=India's Budget Mission to Mars|date=28 September 2014|newspaper=The New York Times|issn=0362-4331|access-date=26 July 2016|archive-date=8 October 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171008031142/https://www.nytimes.com/2014/09/29/opinion/heng-indias-budget-mission-to-mars.html|url-status=live}}</ref> The ''Huffington Post'' said that the cartoon was in "poor taste" and "the racial, national and classist stereotyping is apparent".<ref>{{Cite web |date=2014-09-30 |title=The 'New York Times' Publishes Racist Comic About India's Space Mission |url=https://www.huffpost.com/entry/the-new-york-times-publis_b_5903118 |access-date=2024-02-22 |website=HuffPost}}</ref> ''The New York Times'' subsequently published an apology saying that a "large number of readers have complained" about the cartoon and that they "apologize to readers who were offended".<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.nbcnews.com/news/asian-america/controversial-india-cartoon-forces-new-york-times-apologize-n220296|title=Controversial India Cartoon Forces New York Times to Apologize|date=7 October 2014|publisher=NBC News|access-date=26 July 2016|archive-date=6 April 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190406024441/https://www.nbcnews.com/news/asian-america/controversial-india-cartoon-forces-new-york-times-apologize-n220296|url-status=live}}</ref>

In June 2016, ''The New York Times'' published an editorial opposing India's entry into the [[Nuclear Suppliers Group]] (NSG).<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2016/06/05/opinion/sunday/no-exceptions-for-a-nuclear-india.html|title=No Exceptions for a Nuclear India|last=The Editorial Board|date=4 June 2016|newspaper=The New York Times|issn=0362-4331|access-date=21 July 2016|archive-date=9 July 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160709123817/http://www.nytimes.com/2016/06/05/opinion/sunday/no-exceptions-for-a-nuclear-india.html|url-status=live}}</ref> During this time, the US administration led by President [[Barack Obama]] was actively supporting India's membership.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-india-36476504|title=President Obama backs Indian entry to nuclear technology |publisher=BBC News|date=8 June 2016|access-date=21 July 2016|archive-date=1 April 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190401140511/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-india-36476504|url-status=live}}</ref> The paper said the membership was "not merited" and that India had "fallen far short" in assuming responsibilities of a nuclear nation. This view was criticized by several western and Indian experts on nuclear issues. Ramesh Thakur, Director of the Centre for Nuclear Non-Proliferation and Disarmament at the [[Australian National University]], said ''The New York Times'' is "frequently chauvinistic" and that the editorial "reflects a deliberate bias".<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://thewire.in/41709/there-is-nothing-surprising-about-the-new-york-times-editorial-on-india-and-the-nsg/|title=The New York Times's Bias Should Not Surprise Us Anymore|last=Thakur|first=Ramesh|date=9 June 2016|website=[[The Wire (India)|The Wire]]|access-date=21 July 2016|archive-date=20 July 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160720183248/http://thewire.in/41709/there-is-nothing-surprising-about-the-new-york-times-editorial-on-india-and-the-nsg/|url-status=live}}</ref> Alyssa Ayres, a senior fellow for [[South Asia]] at the [[Council on Foreign Relations]], rebutted the editorial, saying  "the small community of India-watchers in Washington read these words in disbelief" and the paper "should ground its arguments in an appraisal of the complete facts".<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://blogs.cfr.org/asia/2016/06/06/india-global-governance-and-the-nuclear-suppliers-group/|title=Asia Unbound » India, Global Governance, and the Nuclear Suppliers Group|access-date=21 July 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160718200105/http://blogs.cfr.org/asia/2016/06/06/india-global-governance-and-the-nuclear-suppliers-group/|archive-date=18 July 2016|url-status=dead}}</ref>

In November 2017, ''The New York Times'' published an article by Asgar Qadri attacking the Indian [[sari]] as a "conspiracy by Hindu Nationalists".<ref>{{cite news|last= Qadri|first= Asgar|date= 12 November 2017|title= In India, Fashion Has Become a Nationalist Cause|work= The New York Times|url= https://www.nytimes.com/2017/11/12/fashion/india-nationalism-sari.html?_r=0|access-date= 18 November 2017|archive-date= 11 August 2018|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20180811202400/https://www.nytimes.com/2017/11/12/fashion/india-nationalism-sari.html?_r=0|url-status= live}}</ref> The article was widely lambasted on social media for associating a common Indian dress with [[religious prejudice]] and [[Communalism (South Asia)|communalism]].<ref>{{cite news|last= Surendran|first= Vivek|date= 14 November 2017|title= Indian Twitter users roast New York Times for sari state of affairs|url= http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/new-york-times-sari-narendra-modi-bjp-fashion-nationalist-cause/1/1089062.html|access-date= 18 November 2017|archive-date= 18 December 2017|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20171218150532/http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/new-york-times-sari-narendra-modi-bjp-fashion-nationalist-cause/1/1089062.html|url-status= live}}</ref> In addition, the article was heavily criticized by several Indian journalists, such as [[Barkha Dutt]],<ref>{{cite news |last= Dutt |first= Barkha |date= 17 November 2017 |title= The New York Times tried to explain sari fashion – and became the laughingstock of India |url= https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/global-opinions/wp/2017/11/17/the-new-york-times-tried-to-explain-sari-fashion-and-became-the-laughingstock-of-india/ |access-date= 18 November 2017 |archive-date= 28 February 2018 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20180228162321/https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/global-opinions/wp/2017/11/17/the-new-york-times-tried-to-explain-sari-fashion-and-became-the-laughingstock-of-india/ |url-status= live }}</ref> who called it "daft commentary" and a "gross misrepresentation of what the sari means to us", and the notion that the sari is exclusively a [[Hindu]] dress as "utter nonsense". Others criticized ''The New York Times'' for promoting [[Orientalism|colonial racist stereotypes]], and pointed out that the sari is also popular in Muslim-majority countries like [[Bangladesh]].<ref>{{cite news |last=Gautam |first=Nishtha |title=Back Off NYT, I'm a Sari & I'm Not a Tool in the Hands of Hindutva |url=https://www.thequint.com/voices/opinion/my-name-is-sari-and-im-not-a-tool-in-the-hands-of-hindutva |access-date=18 November 2017 |archive-date=24 December 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171224221049/https://www.thequint.com/voices/opinion/my-name-is-sari-and-im-not-a-tool-in-the-hands-of-hindutva |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last= Kaur|first= Nehmat|date= 15 November 2017|title= The Sari Has Never Been About a 'Hindu' Identity|url= https://thewire.in/197262/sari-hindi-new-york-times/|access-date= 18 November 2017|archive-date= 7 January 2018|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20180107223559/https://thewire.in/197262/sari-hindi-new-york-times/|url-status= live}}</ref>

==== ''Slumdog Millionaire'' ====
{{Main|Reactions from India and the Indian diaspora to Slumdog Millionaire{{!}}Reactions from India and the Indian diaspora to ''Slumdog Millionaire''|Controversial issues surrounding Slumdog Millionaire{{!}}Controversial issues surrounding ''Slumdog Millionaire''}}
The Indo-British film ''[[Slumdog Millionaire]]'' was the subject of many controversies<ref name="Singh">{{cite magazine |author=Madhur Singh |date=26 January 2009 |title=''Slumdog Millionaire'', an Oscar Favorite, Is No Hit in India |url=http://www.time.com/time/arts/article/0,8599,1873926,00.html?imw=Y |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090130064203/http://www.time.com/time/arts/article/0,8599,1873926,00.html?imw=Y |archive-date=30 January 2009 |access-date=27 January 2009 |magazine=[[Time (magazine)|Time]]}}</ref><ref>Zakaria, Fareed. [http://www.newsweek.com/id/182341 "Slum Voyeurism?"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090811023330/http://www.newsweek.com/id/182341|date=11 August 2009}}, 30 January 2009</ref><ref>{{cite news |date=27 January 2009 |title=Bihar deploys police after "Slumdog" protests |url=http://in.reuters.com/article/topNews/idINIndia-37676720090127 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090203035116/http://in.reuters.com/article/topNews/idINIndia-37676720090127 |archive-date=3 February 2009 |access-date=27 January 2009 |work=Reuters}}</ref> in terms of its title, its depiction of Indian slums and its language use. The film's title was consistently challenged for having the word "dog" in it.<ref>{{cite news |last=Kinetz |first=Erica |date=22 January 2009 |title=Mumbai residents object to 'Slumdog' title |url=https://www.usatoday.com/life/movies/news/2009-01-22-slugdog-mumbai-protest_N.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090206104440/http://www.usatoday.com/life/movies/news/2009-01-22-slugdog-mumbai-protest_N.htm |archive-date=6 February 2009 |access-date=26 January 2009 |work=USA Today |agency=Associated Press}}</ref> A protest took place in [[Patna]] in which the sentence "I Am Not a Dog" was written on a signboard.<ref name="Singh" /> Activists stated that slum dwellers would continue to protest until the film's director deleted the word "dog" from the title.<ref name="morelawsuit">{{cite web |date=27 January 2009 |title=Slumdog Millionaire faces protests in India |url=http://movies.ndtv.com/newstory.asp?section=Movies&Slug=Slumdog+faces+protests+in+India&Id=ENTEN20090081504&keywords=bollywood |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090131170905/http://movies.ndtv.com/newstory.asp?section=Movies&Slug=Slumdog+faces+protests+in+India&Id=ENTEN20090081504&keywords=bollywood |archive-date=31 January 2009 |access-date=27 January 2009 |work=Indo-Asian News Service |publisher=NDTV}}</ref>

Co-director [[Loveleen Tandan]] was too criticized by producer [[Christian Colson]]. Colson defined her partnership with [[Danny Boyle]] as a mismatch. Colson noted that the title of "co-director (India)" given to Tandan was "strange but deserved" and was developed over "a Coca-Cola and a cup of tea" in order to identify her as "one of our key cultural bridges."<ref name="wsj">{{cite web |last=Jurgensen |first=John |date=9 January 2009 |title=The Co-Pilot of 'Slumdog'. ''The Wall Street Journal'' |url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB123146019434866263?mod=googlenews_wsj |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170812212719/https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB123146019434866263?mod=googlenews_wsj |archive-date=12 August 2017 |access-date=23 October 2015 |work=The Wall Street Journal}}</ref> During the [[81st Academy Awards|2009 Oscar awards ceremony]], Tandan was ignored, and all credit for the film was taken by Boyle.

Some filmmakers and actors from Bollywood were also critical of ''Slumdog Millionaire'', including [[Aamir Khan]],<ref name="aamirkhan2">{{cite news |last=[[Indo-Asian News Service]] |date=31 January 2009 |title=I don't make films for awards: Aamir Khan |url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/StoryPage/StoryPage.aspx?sectionName=HomePage&id=13a498e1-7e3a-447d-96f7-bede2011bbc5&MatchID1=4892&TeamID1=1&TeamID2=5&MatchType1=2&SeriesID1=1235&PrimaryID=4892&Headline=I+don%27t+make+films+for+awards%3a+Aamir+Khan |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090204101027/http://www.hindustantimes.com/StoryPage/StoryPage.aspx?sectionName=HomePage&id=13a498e1-7e3a-447d-96f7-bede2011bbc5&MatchID1=4892&TeamID1=1&TeamID2=5&MatchType1=2&SeriesID1=1235&PrimaryID=4892&Headline=I+don%27t+make+films+for+awards%3A+Aamir+Khan |archive-date=4 February 2009 |access-date=31 January 2009 |work=[[Hindustan Times]]}}</ref><ref name="aamirkhan">{{cite news |last=[[Press Trust of India]] |date=31 January 2009 |title=No Obama-like leader in Indian politics: Aamir |url=http://indiatoday.digitaltoday.in/index.php?option=com_content&issueid=31&task=view&id=26844&sectionid=67&Itemid=1 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231001202040/https://www.indiatoday.in/?source=sin-prod-alb |archive-date=1 October 2023 |access-date=31 January 2009 |work=[[India Today]]}}</ref> [[Priyadarshan]]<ref name="priya">{{cite news |last=Jha |first=Subhash K. |date=1 February 2009 |title=Slumdog... is trashy: Priyadarshan |url=http://movies.ndtv.com/newstory.asp?section=Movies&id=ENTEN20090082084 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090204105830/http://movies.ndtv.com/newstory.asp?section=Movies&id=ENTEN20090082084 |archive-date=4 February 2009 |access-date=1 February 2009 |work=[[NDTV]]}}</ref> and music director [[Aadesh Shrivastava]].<ref>[https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/award/filmfare-award/2009-2/ Aadesh Shrivastava outraged at Bachchan's portrayal in Slumdog Millionaire] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120927094801/http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/2009/11/12/13463/index.html|date=27 September 2012}}, bollywoodhungama.com</ref>

===Pakistani media===
Pakistani media commentators such as [[Zaid Hamid]] were accused by other Pakistanis of promoting Indophobia. In an editorial published in ''[[Daily Times (Pakistan)|Daily Times]]'' Tayyab Shah accused him of acting at the behest of the Pakistani security establishment and condemned his views.<ref name="DT20100318">{{cite web|url=http://www.dailytimes.com.pk/default.asp?page=2010%5C03%5C18%5Cstory_18-3-2010_pg3_6|title=Zaid Hamid and Ghuzwa-i-Hind|last=Shah|first=Tayyab|date=18 March 2010|work=[[Daily Times (Pakistan)|Daily Times]]|access-date=19 November 2011|archive-date=1 October 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231001202043/https://dailytimes.com.pk/|url-status=live}}</ref> Along with [[Lashkar-e-Taiba]] he is one of the main proponents in present-day Pakistan of [[Ghazwatul Hind]], a battle where Muslims will conquer India and establish [[Sharia]] rule according to a [[Hadith]].<ref name="CTC">{{cite web|url=http://www.ctc.usma.edu/wp-content/uploads/2010/06/Vol2Iss3-Art5.pdf|title=Lashkar-i-Tayyiba Remains Committed to Jihad|last=Ali|first=Farhana|work=CTC Sentinel: March 2009, Vol 2|publisher=[[Combating Terrorism Center]]|access-date=19 November 2011|archive-date=20 October 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211020000745/https://ctc.usma.edu/wp-content/uploads/2010/06/Vol2Iss3-Art5.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref>

Talking to reporters after inaugurating an exhibition in [[Lahore]], [[Majid Nizami]], the chief editor of [[Nawa-i-Waqt]], stated "freedom is the greatest blessing of the Almighty, Who may save us from the dominance of Hindus, as our sworn enemy India is bent upon destroying Pakistan. However, if it did not refrain from committing aggression against us, then Pakistan is destined to defeat India because our horses in the form of atomic bombs and missiles are far better than Indian 'donkeys'."<ref name="Nation 20100311">{{cite web|url=https://www.nation.com.pk/11-Mar-2010/pakistan-destined-to-defeat-india-nizami|title=Pakistan destined to defeat India: Nizami|date=11 March 2010|work=[[The Nation (Pakistani newspaper)|The Nation]]|access-date=24 November 2011|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100316215315/http://www.nation.com.pk/pakistan-news-newspaper-daily-english-online/Regional/Lahore/11-Mar-2010/Pakistan-destined-to-defeat-India-Nizami/|archive-date=16 March 2010}}</ref>

==== Government involvement ====
Some of the anti-India propaganda is claimed to be driven by the Pakistani military.<ref name="AJE20101201">{{cite web|url=http://www.aljazeera.com/news/asia/2010/12/2010121014844808155.html|title=WikiLeaks hoax hits Pakistan media|date=10 December 2010|work=[[Al Jazeera English]]|access-date=9 December 2011|archive-date=24 December 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111224004717/http://www.aljazeera.com/news/asia/2010/12/2010121014844808155.html|url-status=live}}</ref> In December 2010 many Pakistani newspapers published reports based on [[United States diplomatic cables leak]]s which portrayed India in a negative light.<ref name="BBC20101210">{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-south-asia-11967664|title=Wikileaks: Pakistan hoaxed by bogus anti-India cables|date=10 December 2010|publisher=BBC News|access-date=9 December 2011|archive-date=7 January 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120107033438/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-south-asia-11967664|url-status=live}}</ref> [[The Guardian]] reported that none of the information reported by Pakistani media could be verified in its database of leaked cables.<ref name="Guardian20101210">{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2010/dec/09/pakistani-newspaper-fake-leaks-india|title=Pakistani media publish fake WikiLeaks cables attacking India|last=Walsh|first=Declan|date=9 December 2010|work=The Guardian|access-date=9 December 2011|location=London|archive-date=8 September 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130908204658/http://www.theguardian.com/world/2010/dec/09/pakistani-newspaper-fake-leaks-india|url-status=live}}</ref> Thereafter several newspapers apologized.<ref name="ET20101210">{{cite web|url=http://tribune.com.pk/story/88268/pakistani-media-fake-wikileaks-cables-attacking-india-published/|title=Pakistani media: Fake WikiLeaks cables attacking India published|date=10 December 2010|work=The Express Tribune|access-date=9 December 2011|archive-date=17 December 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111217105419/http://tribune.com.pk/story/88268/pakistani-media-fake-wikileaks-cables-attacking-india-published/|url-status=live}}</ref> The fake cables were believed to have been planted by the Pakistani [[Inter-Services Intelligence]].<ref name="BBC20101210"/>

== Notes ==
{{Notelist}}

== See also ==
{{Portal|India}}

* [[Anti-Hindu sentiment]]
* [[Anti-Pakistan sentiment]]
* [[Anti-Romani sentiment]]
* [[Stereotypes of South Asians]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}
; Sources
* {{citation |last=Riaz |first=Ali |author-link=Ali Riaz |title=Islamist Militancy in Bangladesh: A Complex Web |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9DaC5wJoKbEC&pg=PA63 |year=2012 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-1-134-05715-3}}

== Further reading ==
* [[Idi Amin]] & Indophobia: ''[https://www.jstor.org/stable/1166488 General Amin and the Indian Exodus from Uganda]'' by Hasu H. Patel, ''[[African Studies Association|Issue: A Journal of Opinion]]'', Vol. 2, No. 4 (Winter, 1972), pp.&nbsp;12–22. {{JSTOR|1166488}}
* {{cite book |last1=Trautmann |first1=Thomas R. |title=Aryans and British India |date=1997 |publisher=University of California Press |isbn=978-0-520-20546-8 |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qcMkDQAAQBAJ&q=Aryans+and+British+India|chapter=British Indophobia}}
*K.K. Aziz. (2004) ''The Murder of History: A Critique of History Textbooks used in Pakistan''. Vanguard. {{ISBN|969-402-126-X}}
*[[Abdul Hameed Nayyar|Nayyar, A. H.]] & Salim, Ahmad. (2003) ''The Subtle Subversion: The State of Curricula and Text-books in Pakistan – Urdu, English, Social Studies and Civics''. Sustainable Development Policy Institute. [https://web.archive.org/web/20051109090607/http://www.sdpi.org/whats_new/reporton/State%20of%20Curr%26TextBooks.pdf The Subtle Subversion] (PDF).
*Rosser, Yvette Claire (2003). ''Islamization of Pakistani Social Studies Textbooks''. New Delhi: Rupa & Co. {{ISBN|81-291-0221-8}}.
*Rosser, Yvette Claire (2004). ''Indoctrinating Minds: Politics of Education in Bangladesh''. New Delhi: Rupa & Co. {{ISBN|8129104318}}.

== External links ==
{{wiktionary|Indophobia}}

* [http://www.apcss.org/Publications/Edited%20Volumes/ReligiousRadicalism/PagesfromReligiousRadicalismandSecurityinSouthAsiach3.pdf "Islamic Resurgence in Bangladesh: Genesis, Dynamics and Implications"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304000901/http://www.apcss.org/Publications/Edited%20Volumes/ReligiousRadicalism/PagesfromReligiousRadicalismandSecurityinSouthAsiach3.pdf |date=4 March 2016 }}. by Taj I. Hashmi, [[Asia-Pacific Center for Security Studies]].
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20150415162345/http://acdis.illinois.edu/assets/docs/257/TerrorsansFrontiersIslamicMilitancyinNorthEastIndia.pdf "Terror sans Frontiers: Islamic Militancy in North East India"]. by Jaideep Saikia, [[University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign]], July 2003.
* [http://www.sunday-guardian.com/analysis/what-does-anti-indian-mean "What does 'anti-Indian' mean?"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170815034057/http://www.sunday-guardian.com/analysis/what-does-anti-indian-mean |date=15 August 2017 }}. by Zafar Sobhan, ''The Sunday Guardian''.
* [http://www.economist.com/node/13871945 "Australia and anti-Indian violence"], ''[[The Economist]]'', 18 June 2009.
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20100514102710/http://www.businessweek.com/globalbiz/content/may2010/gb20100513_405539.htm "America's New Anti-India Backlash"]. by David J. Karl, ''[[Bloomberg Businessweek]]'', 13 May 2010.
* [http://www.newageislam.com/articledetails.aspx?ID=3861 "Religion and Anti-Indianism in Pakistan"] by [[Yoginder Sikand]], [[New Age Islam]], 31 December 2010.
* {{usurped|1=[https://web.archive.org/web/20101218061358/http://southasiaanalysis.org/papers10/paper987.html "Bangladesh's anti-Indian gun running and insurgent havens persist"]}}. by Dr. Subhash Kapila, South Asia Analysis Group, 29 April 2004.
* [http://www.thedailystar.net/newDesign/news-details.php?nid=98243 "Why are some Bangladeshis anti-Indian?"] by Habibul Haque Khondker, ''[[The Daily Star (Bangladesh)|The Daily Star]]'', 24 July 2009.
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20141222090433/http://archives.myrepublica.com/portal/index.php?action=news_details&news_id=17877 "Rethinking anti-Indianism in Nepal"] by Trailokya Raj Aryal, ''[[MyRepublica]]'', 25 April 2010.
* [http://www.telegraphnepal.com/headline/2011-02-26/increasing-anti-indianism-in-nepal:-myth-or-reality.html "Increasing Anti-Indianism in Nepal: Myth or Reality"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924114010/http://www.telegraphnepal.com/headline/2011-02-26/increasing-anti-indianism-in-nepal:-myth-or-reality.html |date=24 September 2015 }}. ''Telegraphnepal.com''.
* [http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/india-can-afford-antiindianism/1/122800.html "India can afford anti-Indianism"]. by S. Prasannarajan, ''[[India Today]]'', 10 December 2010.

{{Discrimination}}

[[Category:Anti-Indian sentiment| ]]
[[Category:India–Pakistan relations]]
[[Category:Indology]]
[[Category:Anti-national sentiment|Indian]]
[[Category:Anti–South Asian sentiment|India]]
[[Category:Asian-Australian issues]]