View source for Annette Lu

{{Short description|Taiwanese politician}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name                = Lu Hsiu-lien
| native_name         = {{nobold|呂秀蓮}}
| native_name_lang    = zh-tw
| image               = 呂秀蓮副總統 1.jpg
| caption             = Official portrait, 2005
| nationality         = [[Taiwanese people|Taiwanese]]
| order               = 8th
| office              = Vice President of the Republic of China
| term_start          = 20 May 2000
| term_end            = 20 May 2008
| president           = [[Chen Shui-bian]]
| predecessor         = [[Lien Chan]]
| successor           = [[Vincent Siew]]
| office1             = [[Chairperson of the Democratic Progressive Party|Chair of Democratic Progressive Party]]
| term_label1         = Acting
| term_start1         = 8 December 2005
| term_end1           = 15 January 2006
| predecessor1        = [[Su Tseng-chang]]
| successor1          = [[Yu Shyi-kun]]
| office2             = 10th [[Mayor of Taoyuan|Magistrate of Taoyuan]]
| term_start2         = 28 March 1997
| term_end2           = 20 May 2000
| predecessor2        = Liau Pen-yang (acting)<br/>[[Liu Pang-yu]]
| successor2          = Hsu Ying-shen (acting)<br/>[[Eric Chu]]
| order3              = [[Member of the Legislative Yuan]]
| term_start3         = 1 February 1993
| term_end3           = 31 January 1996
| constituency3       = Taoyuan County constituency
| birth_date          = {{birth date and age|1944|6|7|df=y}}
| birth_place         = Tōen Town, [[Shinchiku Prefecture]], Japanese Taiwan (now [[Taoyuan District]], Taoyuan City, Taiwan)
| death_date          = 
| death_place         = 
| party               = [[Democratic Progressive Party]] (after 1986)
| otherparty          = {{ubl|
* [[Formosa Alliance]] (after 2018)
}}
| education           = [[National Taiwan University]] ([[LL.B.|LLB]])<br />[[University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign]] ([[LL.M.|LLM]])<br /> [[Harvard University]] ([[LL.M.|LLM]])
}}
{{Infobox Chinese
| t = {{linktext|呂|秀|蓮}}
<!--|s={{linktext|吕|秀|莲}}-->| p = Lǚ Xiùlián
| w = Lü³ Hsiu⁴-lien²
| poj = Lū Siù-liân
}}

'''Lu Hsiu-lien''' ({{zh|c=呂秀蓮|first=t|p=Lǚ Xiùlián|poj=Lū Siù-liân}}; born 7 June 1944), also known by her English name '''Annette''', is a Taiwanese politician and lawyer. A feminist active in the [[tangwai movement]], she joined the [[Democratic Progressive Party]] (DPP) in 1990, and was elected to the [[Legislative Yuan]] in 1992. Subsequently, she served as [[Mayor of Taoyuan|Taoyuan County Magistrate]] between 1997 and 2000, and was [[Vice President of the Republic of China|vice president of the Republic of China]] ([[Taiwan]]) from 2000 to 2008, under President [[Chen Shui-bian]].

Before entering politics, Lu graduated from [[National Taiwan University]] and earned law degrees from the [[University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign]] and from [[Harvard University]]. She announced her intentions to run for the presidency on 6 March 2007, but withdrew to support eventual DPP nominee [[Frank Hsieh]]. Lu ran again in [[2012 Republic of China presidential election|2012]], but withdrew for a second time, ceding the nomination to DPP chairwoman [[Tsai Ing-wen]].{{citation needed|date=February 2023}} 

Lu lost the DPP's Taipei mayoral nomination to [[Pasuya Yao]] in 2018, and stated that she would leave the party. However, by the time Lu announced in September 2019 that she would contest the [[2020 Taiwan presidential election|2020 presidential election]] on behalf of the [[Formosa Alliance]], she was still a member of the Democratic Progressive Party.

==Early life and education==
Lu was born in Tōen Town (now [[Taoyuan City]]), in northern Taiwan, during [[Taiwan under Japanese rule|Japanese rule]]. She has both [[Hokkien people|Hoklo]] and [[Hakka people|Hakka]] ancestry, with her paternal ancestor arriving in Taiwan from [[Nanjing County]], [[Zhangzhou]], [[Fujian]] in 1740.<ref>{{cite web|title=忘記就是背叛——福建南靖吕氏宗親痛責吕秀蓮|url=http://www.people.com.cn/GB/channel1/10/20000414/38105.html|publisher=人民網|date=2000-04-14|access-date=2016-07-10|archive-date=2020-05-16|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200516233917/http://www.people.com.cn/GB/channel1/10/20000414/38105.html|url-status=live}}</ref> She has one older brother and three older sisters.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Ni|first1=Ching-ching|title=A Sister's Rise and a Brother's Obsession|url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2000-may-30-mn-35564-story.html|access-date=10 June 2016|work=Los Angeles Times|date=30 May 2000}}</ref>

After graduating from [[Taipei First Girls' High School]], Lu studied law at the [[National Taiwan University]] (NTU). After graduating from NTU in 1967, she earned two [[Master of Laws]] (LL.M.) degrees: one from the [[University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign]] in comparative law in 1971, and another from [[Harvard Law School]], where she was a student of professor [[Jerome Cohen]], in 1978. As a graduate student at Harvard, Lu was classmates with future Taiwanese president [[Ma Ying-jeou]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Newburger |first=Emily |date=July 23, 2006 |title=The Rivals |url=https://hls.harvard.edu/today/the-rivals/ |access-date=2025-01-02 |website=[[Harvard Law Bulletin]] |publisher=[[Harvard University]] |language=en-us}}</ref>  

==Rise in politics==
{{BLP sources section|date=June 2017}}
During the 1970s, Lu established herself as a prominent [[Feminism in Taiwan|feminist advocate in Taiwan]], which included writing of ''New Feminism'' or ''Xin Nüxing Zhuyi'' ({{lang|zh-Hant|新女性主義}}). She renounced her KMT membership,<ref>{{cite news |title=KMT: DPP heavyweights were once members |url=https://chinapost.nownews.com/20070303-129962 |access-date=1 June 2018 |work=China Post |date=3 March 2007}}</ref> joined the [[tangwai movement]], and worked in the staff of ''[[Formosa Magazine]]''. Lu then became increasingly active in the movement, calling for democracy and an end to authoritarian rule.

In 1979, Lu delivered a 20-minute speech criticizing the government at an [[International Human Rights Day]] rally that later became known as the [[Kaohsiung Incident]]. Following this rally, virtually the entire leadership of Taiwan's democracy movement, including Lu, was imprisoned. She was tried, found guilty of violent sedition, and sentenced by a military court to 12 years in prison. She was named by [[Amnesty International]] as a [[prisoner of conscience]], and, due to international pressure, coupled with the work of [[Ma Ying-jeou]] and [[Jerome A. Cohen]], was released in 1985, after approximately five and a half years in jail.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/asia-pacific/755754.stm|title=Taiwan's top woman|author=Emma Batha|date=19 May 2000|work=BBC News|access-date=22 January 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Stockman |first1=Farah |title=How a Harvard rivalry changed Taiwan |url=https://www.bostonglobe.com/opinion/2012/07/03/how-harvard-rivalry-changed-taiwan/FVBW05iJno6fTa8HkzpgHM/story.html |access-date=1 June 2018 |work=Boston Globe |date=3 July 2012}}</ref>

In the 1990s, Lu worked to have Taiwan reenter the United Nations, not under the name "Republic of China" but as "Taiwan".<ref name="Rubenstein">{{cite book|title=Taiwan: A New History|page=438}}</ref>

===Elected offices===
Lu joined the [[Democratic Progressive Party]] in November 1990,<ref>{{cite news |last1=Yeh |first1=Su-ping |last2=Liu |first2=Kuan-lin |title=Former VP Lu says 'bye, bye' to DPP |url=http://focustaiwan.tw/news/aipl/201805300029.aspx |access-date=1 June 2018 |agency=Central News Agency |date=30 May 2018}}</ref> and was elected to the [[Legislative Yuan]] in 1992.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Gargan |first1=Edward A. |title=Taipei Journal; A Feminist's Work Is Never Done |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1994/07/04/world/taipei-journal-a-feminist-s-work-is-never-done.html |work=New York Times |date=4 July 1994}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Tang |first1=Wen-hui Anna |last2=Teng |first2=Emma J. |title=Looking again at Taiwan's Lü Hsiu-lien: A female vice president or a feminist vice president? |journal=Women's Studies International Forum |date=May–June 2016 |volume=56 |pages=92–102 |doi=10.1016/j.wsif.2016.01.006 |doi-access=free |hdl=1721.1/111954 |hdl-access=free }}</ref> In 1997, she won an election to be the [[Mayor of Taoyuan|Magistrate]] of her hometown of [[Taoyuan City|Taoyuan]],<ref>{{cite news |title=Special election set for Taoyuan magistrate |url=https://taiwaninfo.nat.gov.tw/fp.asp?xItem=14812&CtNode=103 |access-date=1 June 2018 |work=Taiwan Today |date=February 1997 }}{{Dead link|date=September 2019 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Ruling Resumes |url=https://taiwantoday.tw/print.php?unit=4,29,31,45&post=4045 |access-date=1 June 2018 |work=Taiwan Today |date=1 May 2000}}</ref> a post she held until Chen Shui-bian selected her as his running mate in the 2000 presidential elections.

==Novel==
Lu completed her novel entitled ''These Three Women'' while in prison. To evade the surveillance of the detention facility, she wrote part of the novel on toilet paper<ref name="Parfitt2008">{{cite book|author=Troy Parfitt|title=Notes from the Other China: Adventures in Asia|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=TAmABf8d1scC&pg=PA59|year=2008|publisher=Algora Publishing|isbn=978-0-87586-584-3|pages=59–}}</ref> using a washbasin as a desk. In 2008, the novel was adapted into a screenplay for TV drama of the same name. The drama was broadcast on 24 November 2008 on the Chinese Television System.

==Vice Presidency, 2000–2008==
{{BLP unreferenced section|date=June 2017}}
On 18 March 2000, Lu was [[2000 ROC presidential election|elected]] vice president. She was awarded the [[World Peace Corps Mission]]'s [[World Peace Prize]] in 2001.<ref>[http://www.taipeitimes.com/News/local/archives/2001/11/30/0000113755 Lu becomes first woman to win World Peace Prize] TAIPEI TIMES. Monique Chu. [November 30, 2001]</ref> Controversy erupted over this in Taiwan, with Lu's political opponents accusing her of vastly overstating the significance and value of that award. She was also the ROC's first elected vice president to adopt a Western first name. In her interview with ''TIME Asia Magazine'', she said the [[KMT]] never thought they would transfer their regime to her on behalf of the freedom fighters.{{clarify|date=June 2017}}<ref>{{Cite web|title=ASIANOW - TIME Asia {{!}} Annette Lu: 'They Made Me Famous'|url=http://edition.cnn.com/ASIANOW/time/features/interviews/int.annlu.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210709213155/http://edition.cnn.com/ASIANOW/time/features/interviews/int.annlu.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=July 9, 2021|access-date=2021-07-09|website=CNN}}</ref>

Lu was a contender for the [[2008 ROC presidential election|2008 presidential election]]; she announced her candidacy on March 6 and faced [[Yu Shyi-kun]], [[Frank Hsieh]], and [[Su Tseng-chang]] for the nomination. After receiving only 6.16% of the votes cast in the DPP primary, Lu withdrew from the race.<ref>[http://english.aljazeera.net/NR/exeres/03DAAE4B-820C-4DD8-AD5D-7A1F321E5603.htm "VP quits race for Taiwan presidency"], ''Al Jazeera'', 7 May 2007.</ref><ref>[http://www.chinapost.com.tw/latestnews/200758/45974.htm "Frank Hsieh Confirmed as DPP Standard Bearer"], ''[[China Post|The China Post]]'', 8 May 2007.</ref>

===Assassination attempt===
{{BLP unreferenced section|date=June 2017}}
{{main|3-19 shooting incident}}
On 19 March 2004, Lu was shot in the right [[kneecap]] while campaigning in [[Tainan]]. Chen was shot in the abdomen at the same event. Both survived the shooting and left Chi-mei Hospital on the same day. The [[Pan-Blue Coalition]] suggested that the shooting was not an assassination attempt but that it was staged to a self-inflicted wound in order to gain sympathy votes. The Chen/Lu ticket won the election on the following day with a 0.228% margin, a figure significant to those who related it to the assassination incident.

==Later political career==
[[File:Wang, Lu, Syková a Chen na Forum 2000 2016.jpg|thumb|Lu with Ambassador Joey Wang, Senator [[Eva Syková]] and [[Mark Chen]] during the 2016 [[Forum 2000]] conference in [[Prague]].]]
Lu announced in March 2018 that she would contest the Democratic Progressive Party mayoral primary for Taipei.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Yeh|first1=Su-ping|last2=Hsu|first2=Elizabeth|title=Former VP Annette Lu announces bid for Taipei mayoral seat|url=http://focustaiwan.tw/news/aipl/201803070033.aspx|access-date=8 March 2018|date=7 March 2018}}</ref> Soon after the DPP nominated [[Pasuya Yao]] as its candidate, Lu stated her intention to leave the party.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Hsu |first1=Stacy |title=Annette Lu bids DPP farewell after failed mayoral bid |url=http://www.taipeitimes.com/News/taiwan/archives/2018/06/01/2003694109 |access-date=1 June 2018 |work=Taipei Times |date=1 June 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Wu |first1=Jui-chi |last2=Chang |first2=S. C. |title=Ex-VP Lu says DPP no longer has anything to do with her |url=http://focustaiwan.tw/news/aipl/201805310029.aspx |access-date=1 June 2018 |agency=Central News Agency |date=31 May 2018}}</ref>

She remained a DPP member through 2019, and announced in September 2019 that she would contest the [[2020 Taiwan presidential election|2020 presidential election]] on behalf of the [[Formosa Alliance]], with [[Peng Pai-hsien]] as her running mate.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Yeh |first1=Su-ping |last2=Wen |first2=Kuei-hisang |last3=Huang |first3=Frances |title=Former Vice President Annette Lu enters presidential race |url=http://focustaiwan.tw/news/aipl/201909170014.aspx |access-date=17 September 2019 |agency=Central News Agency |date=17 September 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Wu |first1=Chun-feng |last2=Yang |first2=Chun-hui |last3=Chung |first3=Jake |title=Ex-vice president Lu to run for president |url=http://www.taipeitimes.com/News/front/archives/2019/09/18/2003722488 |access-date=18 September 2019 |work=Taipei Times |date=18 September 2019}}</ref> On 2 November 2019, Lu suspended her presidential campaign.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Huang |first1=Rei-hung |last2=Ko |first2=Lin |title=Former Taiwan vice president abandons presidential bid |url=http://focustaiwan.tw/news/aipl/201911020013.aspx |access-date=2 November 2019 |agency=Central News Agency |date=2 November 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Chen |first1=Yun |title=Annette Lu withdraws presidential bid |url=http://www.taipeitimes.com/News/taiwan/archives/2019/11/03/2003725169 |access-date=3 November 2019 |work=Taipei Times |date=3 November 2019}}</ref>

==Cross-strait relations==
{{BLP sources section|date=June 2017}}
In terms of [[Cross-Strait relations]] with China, Lu has been more outspoken in favor of [[Taiwan independence]] than President [[Chen Shui-bian]], and as such has been more heavily attacked than Chen both by the government of the [[People's Republic of China]] and by supporters of [[Chinese unification]]. Her remarks have led state newspapers in mainland China to accuse her of provoking "animosity between the people on both sides of the Taiwan Straits".<ref>[http://english.people.com.cn/english/200004/17/eng20000417_39057.html "What Is Annette Lu Up To?"]'', People's Daily, 4/17/00''</ref> PRC state media has also labeled Lu as "insane" and as "scum of the earth".{{citation needed|date=June 2017}}

In 2010 Lu visited [[South Korea]] and advocated Taiwan's use of what she called "[[soft power]]," meaning peaceful economic and political development, as a model for the resolution of international conflicts.<ref>[http://www.etaiwannews.com/etn/news_content.php?id=1183467&lang=eng_news&cate_img=49.jpg&cate_rss=news_Society_TAIWAN Soft power lets Taiwan overcome poverty, survive despotism: Lu] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303194807/http://www.etaiwannews.com/etn/news_content.php?id=1183467&lang=eng_news&cate_img=49.jpg&cate_rss=news_Society_TAIWAN |date=2016-03-03 }}, ''[[Taiwan News]]'', 18 February 2010.</ref> In mid-April 2013 speaking at [[George Washington University]], Lu called for the DPP to better understand Mainland China, because Taiwan's future depends on development on the mainland. She stated that cross-strait relations should be defined as not only between distant relatives, but between near neighbors. She also stressed that there should be neither hatred nor war between Taiwan and Mainland China, and that both sides should pursue peaceful coexistence, industrial cooperation, and cultural exchanges.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.chinapost.com.tw/taiwan/china-taiwan-relations/2013/04/14/375995/Ex-VP-Lu.htm |title=Ex-VP Lu slams DPP for overlooking China |newspaper=[[The China Post]] |access-date=2017-06-30}}</ref>

Speaking at the founding ceremony of Anti-One China Principle Union in [[Taipei]] on 29 April 2013, Lu warned against silent annexation of Taiwan by China since the introduction of [[Anti-Secession Law]] in 2005 and the gradual erosion of [[Political status of Taiwan|Taiwan's sovereignty]]. However, she said Taiwan is not opposed to one [[China]] existing in the world, just that Taiwan is not part of China. She criticized [[President of the Republic of China|ROC President]] [[Ma Ying-jeou]] for making Taiwan more and more dependent on China. She reiterated her 1996 Consensus (in opposition to the [[Kuomintang]]'s [[1992 Consensus]]) for dealing with the [[China|PRC]], in which she said Taiwan has been an independent sovereign country since the [[1996 Republic of China presidential election|1996 ROC presidential election]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.taipeitimes.com/News/taiwan/archives/2013/04/30/2003561080|title=Lu warns on 'silent annexation' by China - Taipei Times|website=www.taipeitimes.com|date=30 April 2013|access-date=29 June 2017}}</ref>

==Corruption charges and acquittal==

On September 21, 2007, Lu, along with DPP chairman [[Yu Shyi-Kun]] and National Security Office secretary-general [[Mark Chen]], were separately indicted on charges of corruption by the Supreme Prosecutor's Office of Taiwan.<ref name="washingtonpost_corruption">{{cite news |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2007/09/21/AR2007092102110.html |title=Taiwan's Vice President, 2 Others Charged With Corruption |author=Jane Rickards |newspaper=The Washington Post |date=September 22, 2007 |access-date=2007-11-02}}</ref> Lu was accused of embezzlement and special fund abuse of about US$165,000.<ref name="washingtonpost_corruption"/>  On July 2, 2012, all three were acquitted of all charges.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://focustaiwan.tw/politics/201207020042|title=Former vice president found not guilty of special fund abuse|date=July 2, 2012|work=[[Central News Agency (Republic of China)|Central News Agency]]|access-date=April 25, 2020|last1=Huang|first1=Yi-han|last2=Chen|first2=Ann}}</ref>

==See also==
* [[Politics of the Republic of China]]
* [[Democratic Pacific Union]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

===Bibliography===
* {{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=IrgFAwAAQBAJ |title=My Fight for a New Taiwan: One Woman's Journey from Prison to Power |author1=Lu, Hsiu-Lien |author2=Esarey, Ashley |date=2014 |publisher=University of Washington Press |location=Seattle, Washington |isbn=978-0-295-99364-5 |access-date=23 December 2014 }}

==External links==
{{Sister project links|b=no|c=yes|d=Q465284|n=no|q=yes|s=no|v=no|wikt=no}}
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20040907074020/http://www.gio.gov.tw/taiwan-website/4-oa/politics/vplr20011204.htm Vice President Lu's Remarks of Appreciation for the 2001 World Peace Prize]
* Government Information Office of the Republic of China, ''Official Biography'' [https://web.archive.org/web/20080507081031/http://www.gio.gov.tw/taiwan-website/5-gp/yearbook/2001/bio_lu.htm 2001], [https://web.archive.org/web/20110606095530/http://www.gio.gov.tw/taiwan-website/5-gp/yearbook/2004/P006.htm 2004], [https://web.archive.org/web/20110606095659/http://www.gio.gov.tw/taiwan-website/5-gp/yearbook/2005/p008.html 2005], [https://web.archive.org/web/20110606095905/http://www.gio.gov.tw/taiwan-website/5-gp/yearbook/2006/Biographies-2.htm 2006]

{{s-start}}
{{s-off}}
{{succession box|title=Magistrate of [[Taoyuan City|Taoyuan County]]
|before=Liau Pen-yang <br /><small>Acting</small>
|after=Hsu Ying-shen<br /><small>Acting</small>|years=1997–2000}}
{{s-break}}
{{s-bef|before = [[Lien Chan]]}}
{{s-ttl|title  = [[Vice President of the Republic of China]]|years= 2000–2008}}
{{s-aft|after  = [[Vincent Siew]]}}
{{s-break}}
{{s-ppo}}
{{s-bef|before = [[Frank Hsieh]]}}
{{s-ttl|title  = [[Democratic Progressive Party|DPP]] nominee for Vice President of the Republic of China|years=[[2000 Taiwanese presidential election|2000]], [[2004 Taiwanese presidential election|2004]]}}
{{s-aft|after  = [[Su Tseng-chang]]}}
{{s-break}}
{{s-bef|before = [[Su Tseng-chang]]}}
{{s-ttl|title  = [[Chairperson of the Democratic Progressive Party]] <small>(acting)</small>|years= 2005–2006}}
{{s-aft|after  = [[Yu Shyi-kun]]}}
{{s-end}}

{{2000 presidential election candidates, Republic of China}}
{{Vice Presidents of the Republic of China}}
{{DPP Chairpersons}}
{{Feminism}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Lu, Annette}}
[[Category:1944 births]]
[[Category:Amnesty International prisoners of conscience held by Taiwan]]
[[Category:Democratic Progressive Party Members of the Legislative Yuan]]
[[Category:Harvard Law School alumni]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Magistrates of Taoyuan County]]
[[Category:Members of the 2nd Legislative Yuan]]
[[Category:National Taiwan University alumni]]
[[Category:People from Taoyuan District]]
[[Category:Taiwan independence activists]]
[[Category:Taiwanese feminists]]
[[Category:20th-century Taiwanese women politicians]]
[[Category:Taoyuan City Members of the Legislative Yuan]]
[[Category:University of Illinois College of Law alumni]]
[[Category:Vice presidents of the Republic of China on Taiwan]]
[[Category:Shooting survivors]]
[[Category:Taiwanese anti-communists]]
[[Category:Taiwanese women writers]]
[[Category:Taiwanese politicians of Hakka descent]]
[[Category:Taiwanese prisoners and detainees]]
[[Category:Women vice presidents in Asia]]
[[Category:Members of the Kuomintang]]
[[Category:21st-century Taiwanese women politicians]]
[[Category:21st-century Taiwanese politicians]]