View source for Ankhesenamun

{{short description|Royal Wife of Tutankhamun}}
{{Infobox royalty
| consort            = yes
| name         = Ankhesenamun
| title        = [[Great Royal Wife]]
| image        = Mut with features of Ankhesenamun.jpg
| caption      = Sculpture of the goddess [[Mut]]<br/>with features of Ankhesenamun,<br/>Egyptian Museum, Cairo
| native_lang1 = [[Egyptian language|Egyptian]] name
| native_lang1_name1 = <hiero>M17-mn:N35:-S34-S29:N35-B1</hiero>
| succession   = [[List of ancient Egyptian royal consorts|Queen consort of Egypt]]
| reign        = c. 1331–1323 BC
| reign-type   = Tenure
| birth_date   = c. 1348 BC (earliest)<ref name="Royal women 1996">{{cite book |last1=Arnold |first1=Dorothea |author-link1=Dorothea Arnold |last2=Allen |first2=James |last3=Green |first3=Lyn |title=The Royal Women of Amarna: Images of Beauty from Ancient Egypt |date=1996 |publisher=The Metropolitan Museum of Art |location=New York |isbn=0-87099-816-1 |page=xviii |edition=Hardback |url=https://www.metmuseum.org/art/metpublications/The_Royal_Women_of_Amarna_Images_of_Beauty_from_Ancient_Egypt |access-date=19 June 2021}}</ref> or c. 1342 BC<ref name="Goitre">{{cite journal |last1=Galassi |first1=F. M. |last2=Ruhli |first2=F. J. |last3=Habicht |first3=M. E. |title=Did Queen Ankhesenamun ({{circa|1342 - after 1322 BC}}) have a goitre?: Historico-clinical Reflections upon a paleo-pathographic study |journal=Working Paper |date=2016 |doi=10.13140/RG.2.1.3356.5843 |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/299412556 |access-date=30 September 2021}}</ref>
| birth_place  = [[Thebes, Egypt|Thebes]]
| death_date   = Uncertainty (after 1322 BC)<ref name="Goitre"/>
| spouse       = [[Akhenaten]] (widowed)<br/> [[Tutankhamun]] (widowed) <br/> [[Ay (pharaoh)|Ay]]
| issue        = [[317a and 317b mummies|317a and 317b]] (uncertain) <br> [[Ankhesenpaaten Tasherit]] (uncertain)
| dynasty      = [[Eighteenth Dynasty of Egypt|18th of Egypt]]
| father       = [[Akhenaten]]
| mother       = [[Nefertiti]]
| religion     = {{plainlist|*[[Atenism]]
*[[Ancient Egyptian religion]]}}
| place of burial = [[KV21]] (uncertain)
}}

[[File:Ankhesenpaaten-StatuetteHead BrooklynMuseum.png|thumb|Sculpture fragment believed to be of Ankhesenamun, Brooklyn Museum, United States]]
[[File:Ring Bezel, with the name of Princess Ankhesenpaaten (8594995040).jpg|thumb|Ring Bezel, with the name of Princess Ankhesenpaaten]]
'''Ankhesenamun''' ({{transliteration|egy|ˁnḫ-s-n-imn}}, "Her Life Is of [[Amun]]"; c. 1348<ref name="Royal women 1996"/> or c. 1342 – after 1322 BC<ref name="Goitre"/>) was an ancient Egyptian queen who lived during the [[Eighteenth Dynasty of Egypt|18th Dynasty of Egypt]]. Born '''Ankhesenpaaten''' ({{transliteration|egy|ˁnḫ.s-n-pꜣ-itn}}, "she lives for the Aten"),<ref name="Ranke 1935 67">{{cite book |last1=Ranke |first1=Hermann |title=Die Ägyptischen Personennamen, Bd. 1: Verzeichnis der Namen |date=1935 |publisher=J.J. Augustin |location=Glückstadt | url= http://gizamedia.rc.fas.harvard.edu/images/MFA-images/Giza/GizaImage/full/library/ranke_personennamen_1.pdf| access-date= 25 July 2020 |page=67}}</ref> she was the third of six known daughters of the Egyptian [[Pharaoh]] [[Akhenaten]] and his Great Royal Wife [[Nefertiti]]. She became the Great Royal Wife of [[Tutankhamun]].<ref name="dodson148">{{cite book|first=Aidan|last=Dodson|author2=Dyan Hilton|title=The Complete Royal Families of Ancient Egypt|publisher=Thames & Hudson|year=2004|pages=148}}</ref> The change in her name reflects the changes in [[ancient Egyptian religion]] during her lifetime after her father's death. Her youth is well documented in the ancient reliefs and paintings of the reign of her parents. 

Ankhesenamun was not very well documented as being the Great Royal Wife of Pharaoh Tutankhamun. Initially, she may have been married to her father and it is possible that, upon the death of Tutankhamun, she was married briefly to Tutankhamun's successor, [[Ay (pharaoh)|Ay]], who is believed by some to be her maternal grandfather.<ref name="Grajetzki64">{{cite book|title=Ancient Egyptian Queens; a hieroglyphic dictionary|first=Wolfram|last=Grajetzki|year=2000|location=London|publisher=Golden House|pages=64}}</ref>

DNA test results on mummies discovered in [[KV21]] were released in February 2010, which has given rise to speculation that one of two late 18th Dynasty queens buried in that tomb could be Ankhesenamun. Because of their DNA, both mummies are thought to be members of that ruling house.<ref name="Hawass2010">{{cite journal |last=Hawass |first=Zahi |display-authors=etal |date=2010 |title=Ancestry and Pathology in King Tutankhamun's Family |journal=[[JAMA (journal)|The Journal of the American Medical Association]] |volume=303 |issue=7 |pages=638–647 |doi=10.1001/jama.2010.121 |pmid=20159872 |doi-access=free}}</ref>

==Early life==
{{infobox hieroglyphs
|title = Ankhesenpaaten
|name = <hiero>M17-X1:N35:N5-S34-S29:N35-G40-B1</hiero>
|name transcription = ''ˁnḫ.s-n-pꜣ-itn''
|name explanation = ''Living for Aten''
|}}
Ankhesenpaaten was born in a time when Egypt was in the midst of an unprecedented religious revolution (c. 1348 BC). Her parents had abandoned the principal worship of old deities of Egypt in favor of the [[Aten]], hitherto a minor aspect of the sun-god, characterised as the sun's disc.

She is believed to have been born in [[Thebes, Egypt|Thebes]], around year 4 of her father's reign, but probably grew up in the city of Akhetaten (present-day [[Amarna]]), established as the new capital of the kingdom by her parents. She, along with her two older sisters – [[Meritaten]] and [[Meketaten]] – became the "senior princesses" and participated in many functions of the government and religion alongside their parents.

==Later life==
[[File:Partially restored alabaster jar with 2 handles. It bears the cartouches of pharaoh Tutankhamen and Queen Ankhesenamun. 18th Dynasty. From Gurob, Fayum, Egypt. The Petrie Museum of Egyptian Archaeology, London.jpg|thumb|left|Partially restored [[alabaster jar]] with two handles, bearing the [[cartouche]]s of Tutankhamun and Ankhesenamun, 18th Dynasty, from Gurob, Fayum, Egypt, the Petrie Museum of Egyptian Archaeology, London]]
[[Image:Anuk.PNG|right|thumb|Tutankhamun receives flowers from Ankhesenamun]]
Because some inscriptions record the existence of [[Ankhesenpaaten Tasherit]], it has been suggested that Ankhesenamun may have married her own father and had children with him.<ref>{{cite book|last=Reeves|first=Nicholas|year=2001|title=Akhenaten: Egypt's False Prophet|url=https://archive.org/details/akhenatenegyptsf00reev|url-access=registration|publisher=Thames and Hudson|isbn=9780500051061}}</ref> However, father–daughter marriages were extremely rare in the Egyptian royal family and were often interpreted as ceremonial unions. She was never referred to as her father’s wife, and at the time of Akhenaten’s death, she was not old enough to conceive and bear children. Moreover, Ankhesenpaaten Tasherit is only attested in a very specific context—namely, during the usurpation of [[Kiya]]’s monuments—suggesting that she may have been a fictional creation designed to minimize alterations to the inscriptions.<ref name="dodson148" />

After her father's death and the short reigns of Smenkhkare and [[Neferneferuaten]], she became the wife of [[Tutankhamun]]. Following their marriage, the couple honored the deities of the [[Amun|restored religion]] by changing their names to Tutankhamun and Ankhesenamun.<ref name="slu">{{cite web|url=https://mathstat.slu.edu/~bart/egyptianhtml/kings%20and%20Queens/Ankhesenamun.html|title=Queen Ankhesenamun|publisher=Saint Louis University|access-date=2020-01-14|archive-date=2016-10-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161017081735/https://mathstat.slu.edu/~bart/egyptianhtml/kings%20and%20Queens/Ankhesenamun.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> The couple appear to have had [[317a and 317b|two stillborn daughters]].<ref name =Hawass2010/> As Tutankhamun's only known wife was Ankhesenamun, it is highly likely the fetuses found in his tomb are her daughters. Some time in the 9th year of his reign, about the age of 18, Tutankhamun died suddenly, leaving Ankhesenamun alone and without an heir at about the age of 21.<ref name="slu"/>

A blue glass ring of unknown provenance obtained in 1931 depicts the [[Prenomen (Ancient Egypt)|prenomen]] of [[Ay (pharaoh)|Ay]] and the name of Ankhesenamun enclosed in [[cartouche]]s.<ref name="Newberry 1932">{{cite journal |last1=Newberry |first1=Percy E. |title=King Ay, the Successor of Tut'ankhamun |journal=The Journal of Egyptian Archaeology |date=May 1932 |volume=18 |issue=1/2 |pages=50–51 |doi=10.2307/3854904|jstor=3854904 }}</ref> This indicates that Ankhesenamun married Ay shortly before she disappeared from history, although no monuments show her as great royal wife to him.<ref name="dodson153">{{cite book|first=Aidan|last=Dodson|author2=Dyan Hilton|title=The Complete Royal Families of Ancient Egypt|publisher=Thames & Hudson|year=2004|pages=153}}</ref> On the walls of Ay's tomb it is [[Tey]] (Ay's senior wife), not Ankhesenamun, who appears as his great royal wife. She probably died during or shortly after his reign and no burial has been found for her yet.

==Hittite letters==
A document was found in the ancient Hittite capital of [[Hattusa]] dating back to the Amarna period. The document—part of the so-called ''Deeds'' of [[Suppiluliuma I]]—relates that Hittite ruler, Suppiluliuma I, while laying siege to [[Karkemish]], received a letter from the Egyptian queen. The letter reads:

<blockquote>My husband has died and I have no son. They say about you that you have many sons. You might give me one of your sons to become my husband. I would not wish to take one of my subjects as a husband... I am afraid.<ref name="Guterbock 1956">{{cite journal |last1=Güterbock |first1=Hans Gustav |title=The Deeds of Suppiluliuma as Told by His Son, Mursili II (Continued) |journal=Journal of Cuneiform Studies |date=June 1956 |volume=10 |issue=3 |pages=75–98 |doi=10.2307/1359312|jstor=1359312 |s2cid=163670780 }}</ref></blockquote>

This document is considered extraordinary, as Egyptians traditionally considered foreigners to be inferior. Suppiluliuma I was amazed and exclaimed to his courtiers:

<blockquote>Nothing like this has happened to me in my entire life!<ref name="deeds">{{cite journal |title=The Deeds of Suppiluliuma as Told by His Son, Mursili II |jstor=1359041 |journal=Journal of Cuneiform Studies |volume=10 |issue=2 |year=1956 |last1=Güterbock |first1=Hans Gustav |pages=41–68 |doi=10.2307/1359041 |s2cid=163922771 }}</ref></blockquote>

Suppiluliuma sent an envoy to investigate and eventually did send one of his sons, [[Zannanza]], but the prince died en route, perhaps being murdered.<ref name="kuhrt252">{{cite book|pages=254|author=Amelie Kuhrt|title=The Ancient Middle East c. 3000 &ndash; 330 BC|volume=1|year=1997|publisher=Routledge|location=London}}</ref>

The identity of the queen who wrote the letter is uncertain. In the Hittite annals, she is called [[Dakhamunzu]], a transliteration of the Egyptian title, ''Tahemetnesu'' (The King's Wife).<ref name="Federn Dahamunzu">{{cite journal |last1=Federn |first1=Walter |title=Daḫamunzu (KBo V 6 iii 8) |journal=Journal of Cuneiform Studies |date=January 1960 |volume=14 |issue=1 |page=33 |doi=10.2307/1359072|jstor=1359072 |s2cid=163447190 }}</ref> Possible candidates for the author of the letter are [[Nefertiti]], [[Meritaten]],<ref name="Grajetzki64"/> and Ankhesenamun. Ankhesenamun once seemed likely since there were no royal candidates for the throne on the death of her husband, Tutankhamun, whereas Akhenaten had at least two legitimate successors.{{Citation needed| date=December 2019}} But this was based on a 27-year reign for the last pharaoh of the 18th dynasty, [[Horemheb]], who is now accepted to have had a shorter reign of only 14 years. Since Nefertiti was depicted as powerful as her husband in official monuments smiting Egypt's enemies, researcher [[Nicholas Reeves]] believes she might be the Dakhamunzu in the Amarna correspondence.<ref>Nicholas Reeves,[https://www.academia.edu/7415055/Tutankhamuns_Mask_Reconsidered_in_press_corrected_proof_2015_ Tutankhamun's Mask Reconsidered] BES 19 (2014), pp.523</ref> That would make the subject deceased Egyptian king appear to be Akhenaten rather than Tutankhamun. As noted, Akhenaten had potential heirs, including Tutankhamun, to whom Nefertiti could be married. Other researchers focus upon the phrase regarding marriage to 'one of my subjects' (translated by some as 'servants') as possibly a reference to the Grand Vizier [[Ay (pharaoh)|Ay]] or a secondary member of the Egyptian royal family line, however, and that Ankhesenamun may have been being pressured by Ay to marry him and legitimize his claim to the throne of Egypt (which she eventually did).<ref>Christine El Mahdy (2001), "Tutankhamun" (St Griffin's Press)</ref>

==Mummy KV21A==
{{Main|KV21#KV21A}}
DNA testing announced in February 2010 has generated speculation that Ankhesenamun is one of two 18th Dynasty queens recovered from [[KV21]] in the [[Valley of the Kings]].<ref name="Hawass et al">{{cite journal |last1=Hawass |first1=Zahi |author-link1=Zahi Hawass |last2=Gad |first2=Yehia Z. |last3=Somaia |first3=Ismail |last4=Khairat |first4=Rabab |last5=Fathalla |first5=Dina |last6=Hasan |first6=Naglaa |last7=Ahmed |first7=Amal |last8=Elleithy |first8=Hisham |last9=Ball |first9=Markus |last10=Gaballah |first10=Fawzi |last11=Wasef |first11=Sally |last12=Fateen |first12=Mohamed |last13=Amer |first13=Hany |last14=Gostner |first14=Paul |last15=Selim |first15=Ashraf |last16=Zink |first16=Albert |last17=Pusch |first17=Carsten M. |date=February 17, 2010 |title=Ancestry and Pathology in King Tutankhamun's Family |url=https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/185393 |access-date=May 24, 2020 |url-access=limited |journal=Journal of the American Medical Association |publisher=American Medical Association |location=Chicago, Illinois |volume=303 |issue=7 |pages=638–647 |doi=10.1001/jama.2010.121 |issn=1538-3598 |pmid=20159872|doi-access=free }}</ref>

The two fetuses found buried with Tutankhamun have been proven to be his children, and the current theory is that Ankhesenamun, his only known wife, is their mother. However, not enough data was obtained to make more than a tentative identification. Nevertheless, the KV21a mummy has DNA consistent with the 18th Dynasty royal line.<ref name="Hawass et al"/>

==KV63==
After excavating the tomb [[KV63]], it is speculated that it was designed for Ankhesenamun due to its proximity to the tomb of Tutankhamun, [[KV62]].{{Citation needed|date=January 2008}} Also found in the tomb were [[coffin]]s (one with an imprint of a woman on it), women's clothing, jewelry, and [[natron]]. Fragments of pottery bearing the partial name Paaten were also in the tomb. The only royal person known to bear this name was Ankhesenamun, whose name was originally Ankhesenpaaten. However, no mummies were found in KV63.{{Citation needed|date=December 2019}}

==Damnatio memoriae==
Ankhesenamun is believed to have married king [[Ay (pharaoh)|Ay]], Tutankhamun's successor after her husband's unexpected death. However, Ay and his army chief, [[Horemheb]] became political rivals at court during Ay's reign. Ay attempted to sideline Horemheb from the royal succession by naming General [[Nakhtmin]] as the "King Son". As Nozomu Kawai writes: "This title is undoubtedly superior to Horemheb’s status. Therefore, King Ay intended to relegate Horemheb to a less important position and replace him with Nakhtmin to carry out his functions. We do not know exactly when Nakhtmin was promoted, but this must have created Horemheb’s strong hostility against King Ay."<ref>Nozomu Kawai, [https://www.academia.edu/395389/Ay_versus_Horemheb_The_Political_Situation_in_the_Late_Eighteenth_Dynasty_Revisited Ay vs Horemheb: The Political Situation in the Late 18th Dynasty Revisited], JEH 3 (2010), p.286-87</ref> 
 
When Horemheb instead came to power as Ay's successor and became the final king of the 18th dynasty of Egypt, he carried out a [[damnatio memoriae]] campaign against his rival Ay by usurping Ay's mortuary temple, desecrating Ay's [[WV23]] royal tomb and erased as many inscriptions and depictions of Ay as possible in revenge. Ay's royal sarcophagus in his tomb was smashed into numerous fragments.<ref>[[Bertha Porter]], Topographical Bibliography of Ancient Egyptian Hieroglyph Texts, Vol 1, Part 2, Oxford Clarendon Press, (1960), Tomb 23, pp. 550–551</ref> However, Ankhesenamun also fell victim to Horemheb's anger at Ay's actions. As Nozomu Kawai writes:
: "At the same time, Ankhesenamun became the target of a damnatio memoriae by Horemheb. The evidence indicates that she was persecuted severely. On the lunette of the [[Restoration Stela]] of Tutankhamun, which was usurped by Horemheb, her figures were completely erased and replaced by an inscription instead of changing her image to that of his [ie. Horemheb's] wife, Queen [[Mutnodjmet]]. An inlaid stela of Tutankhamun at [[Karnak]] shows a large, sharp, rectangular cavity containing some perforations behind the king who presents offering to Amun and Mut. The presence of the perforations indicates that there was a figure behind him. Since the figure of the queen is regularly behind the king, it is probable that the figure of Ankhesenamun was deliberately removed by Horemheb. These extreme acts of damnatio memoriae against Ankhesenamun were probably due to some historical events that rankled Horemheb."<ref>Nozomu Kawai, [https://www.academia.edu/395389/Ay_versus_Horemheb_The_Political_Situation_in_the_Late_Eighteenth_Dynasty_Revisited Ay vs Horemheb: The Political Situation in the Late 18th Dynasty Revisited], JEH 3 (2010), p.288-89</ref>

Horemheb, therefore, attempted to erase all memory  of Ay, Ay's allies and Ankhesenamun when he became pharaoh.

==Popular culture==
[[File:KarloffTheMummy1932B.jpg|thumb|[[Zita Johann]] playing Princess {{nowrap|Ankh-es-en-amon}} in ''[[The Mummy (1932 film)|The Mummy]],'' 1932]]

Ankhesenamun's name has entered popular culture as the secret love of the priest [[Imhotep (The Mummy)|Imhotep]] in the 1932 film [[The Mummy (1932 film)|''The Mummy'']]. The [[The Mummy (1999 film)|1999 remake]], its [[The Mummy Returns|sequel]] and its spin-off [[The Mummy (TV series)|television series]] used the name Anck-su-namun, while other movies like ''[[The Mummy's Hand]]'' (1940)<ref>{{Cite book |last=Mengel |first=Brad |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=G1mjEAAAQBAJ&dq=Ananka+1940&pg=PT17 |title=The Unofficial Guide to The Scorpion King and The Mummy Universe |date=2023-01-02 |publisher=BearManor Media |language=en}}</ref> and the unrelated [[The Mummy (1959 film)|1959 film]] named the character Ananka.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Pfeiffer |first1=Oliver |title=Where does the legend of the mummy come from? |url=https://www.bbc.com/culture/article/20170420-where-does-the-legend-of-the-mummy-come-from |access-date=July 22, 2021 |work=BBC |date=April 21, 2017}}</ref>

Ankhsenpaaten/Ankhsenamun is the heroine protagonist of the novel ''The Lost Queen of Egypt'' written by Lucille Morrison in 1937 detailing a fictionalized version of the princess' life before and after marriage to Tutankhamen.

Ankhesenamun is the protagonist of the 1988 French novel ''La Reine Soleil'' by [[Christian Jacq]], as well as its 2007 [[La Reine Soleil|animated adaptation]]''.''<ref>{{Cite web |title=Princess of the Sun (La Reine Soleil) |url=https://cineuropa.org/en/film/74054/ |access-date=2024-01-16 |website=Cineuropa - the best of european cinema |language=en}}</ref>

== Gallery ==
<gallery>
File:Double scene of Ankhesenamun and Tutankhamun.jpg|Double scene of Ankhesenamun and Tutankhamun
File:Ankhesenamun-Tutankhamun-ointment-shrine.jpg|Scene from the golden shrine of Tutankhamun. King and Queen are seated and Tutankhamun seems to pour ointment on Queen's hand.
File:Ankhesenamun offering flowers to Tutankhamun.jpg|Ankhesenamun offering flowers to Tutankhamun
File:Ankhesenamun holding Tutankhamen's arm.jpg|Scene from gilded shrine of Tutankhamen showing him and his wife Queen Ankhesenamun
File:Ankhesenamun handing arrow to seated Tutankhamun.jpg|Ankhesenamun handing arrow to seated Tutankhamun
</gallery>

==Ancestry and family==
{{See also|Family tree of the Eighteenth Dynasty of Egypt}}
{{Tree chart/start}}
{{Tree chart | | | |A2| |TA|A2=[[Amenhotep II]]|TA=[[Tiaa]]}}
{{Tree chart | | | | |`|-|v|-|'| |F|~|~|~|~|7| | | |}}
{{Tree chart | | | | | |T4| |MUT| | |YU| |TH|T4=[[Thutmose IV]]|MUT=[[Mutemwiya]]|YU=[[Yuya]]|TH=[[Tjuyu]]}}
{{Tree chart | | | | | | |`|-|v|-|'| | | | |`|-|v|-|'| }}
{{Tree chart | | | | | | | | |!| | | | | | | | |f|~|~|~|7}}
{{Tree chart | | | | | | | |A3| | | | | | |TI| |AY|| |A3=[[Amenhotep III]]|TI=[[Tiye]]|AY=[[Ay (pharaoh)|Ay]]}}
{{Tree chart | | | | | | | | |`|-|-|-|v|-|-|-|-|'| | | |L|~|~|7}}
{{Tree chart | | | | | | | | |,|-|-|-|+|~|7| | | | | | | | | |:}}
{{Tree chart | | | | | | | |YL| |AK|:| | | | | | | | | |NE|AK=[[Akhenaten]]|NE=[[Nefertiti]]|YL=[[The Younger Lady]]}}
{{Tree chart | | | | | | | | |`|v|-|'|:|`|*|-|-|-|-|v|-|-|-|-|'}}
{{Tree chart | | | | | | | | | |!| | |L|7|:| | |,|-|^|-|v|-|-|-|v|-|-|-|v|-|-|-|v|-|-|.}}
{{Tree chart | | | | | | | | |TUT| |SM| |ME| |MK| |ANK| |NT| |NE| |SE|TUT=[[Tutankhamun]]|ANK='''Ankhesenamun'''|SM=[[Smenkhkare]]|ME=[[Meritaten]]|MK=[[Meketaten]]|NT=[[Neferneferuaten Tasherit]]|NE=[[Neferneferure]]|SE=[[Setepenre (princess)|Setepenre]]}}
{{Tree chart | | | | | | | | | |!| | | |`|-|-|-|'| | | | | | | |!| | | | | | | | | | |}}
{{Tree chart | | | | | | | | | |`|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|v|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|'| | | | | | | | | | |}}
{{Tree chart | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |2D| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |2D=[[317a and 317b mummies|2 daughters]]}}
{{Tree chart/end}}

==References==
{{Reflist|30em}}

== Further reading ==
*''Akhenaten, King of Egypt'' by Cyril Aldred (1988), Thames & Hudson

==External links==
* {{commons category-inline}}

{{Queens of Ancient Egypt}}
{{Tutankhamun|state=collapsed}}
{{Amarna Period}}
{{Authority control}}
{{cc|Ankhesenamun}}
[[Category:14th-century BC Egyptian women]]
[[Category:Queens consort of the Eighteenth Dynasty of Egypt]]
[[Category:Princesses of the Eighteenth Dynasty of Egypt]]
[[Category:14th-century BC births]]
[[Category:14th-century BC deaths]]
[[Category:Tutankhamun]]
[[Category:Children of Akhenaten]]
[[Category:Nefertiti]]
[[Category:Ay]]
[[Category:People from Thebes, Egypt]]
[[Category:Remarried queens consort]]