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{{Infobox French commune
|name               = Anglet
|native name        = Angelu
|commune status     = [[Communes of France|Commune]]
|image              = Anglet Mairie.jpg
|caption            = Town Hall
|image coat of arms = Blason Anglet.svg
|arrondissement     = Bayonne
|canton             = [[Canton of Anglet|Anglet]], [[Canton of Bayonne-1|Bayonne-1]]
|INSEE              = 64024
|postal code        = 64600
|mayor              = Claude Olive<ref>{{cite web|title=Répertoire national des élus: les maires|url=https://www.data.gouv.fr/fr/datasets/r/2876a346-d50c-4911-934e-19ee07b0e503|website=data.gouv.fr, Plateforme ouverte des données publiques françaises|date=2 December 2020|language=fr}}</ref>
|term               = 2020&ndash;2026
|intercommunality   = [[Communauté d'agglomération du Pays Basque|Pays Basque]]
|coordinates        = {{coord|43.4850|-1.5183|format=dms|display=inline,title}}
|elevation m        = 38
|elevation min m    = 0
|elevation max m    = 76
|area km2           = 26.93
|population         = {{France metadata Wikidata|population_total}}
|population date    = {{France metadata Wikidata|population_as_of}}
|population footnotes   = {{France metadata Wikidata|population_footnotes}}
|website = [http://www.anglet.fr www.anglet.fr]
}}

'''Anglet''' ({{IPA|fr|ɑ̃ɡlɛt|lang}}; {{IPA|oc|aŋˈɡlet|lang}}, {{langx|eu|Angelu}} {{IPA|eu|aŋɡelu|}})<ref name=AES>[https://aunamendi.eusko-ikaskuntza.eus/en/angelu/ar-6209/ ANGELU], [[Auñamendi Encyclopedia|Auñamendi Eusko Entziklopedia]] {{in lang|es}}</ref> is a [[Communes of France|commune]] in the [[Pyrénées-Atlantiques]] [[Departments of France|department]] in the [[Nouvelle-Aquitaine]] region of southwestern France.<ref>[https://www.insee.fr/fr/metadonnees/geographie/commune/64024-anglet INSEE commune file]</ref>

Anglet lies in the traditional province of [[Labourd]] of the [[Northern Basque Country]] while its inhabitants have traditionally spoken [[Gascon dialect|Gascon]] ([[Occitan language|Occitan]]).

==Geography==
[[File:Anglet plage 01.jpg|thumb|Beach on the ''Chambre d’Amour'' at Anglet and Biarritz lighthouse]]

===Location===
Anglet commune is part of the urban area of Bayonne-Anglet-Biarritz (B.A.B.) located south-west of the city and part of the Basque province of Labourd. The commune is 10% covered with pine forests, including those of Pignada, Lazaretto, and Chiberta. The sandy coast starts 200&nbsp;km north at the [[Pointe de Grave]] on the shore of the estuary of the [[Gironde]] and ends in Anglet. It is punctuated by numerous seawalls cutting the shore. At Anglet the outline of the public maritime domain has been updated and a coastal reserve {{convert|40|m|ft|spell=in|abbr=off}} wide has been observed since 1978. With its many bays and inlets this area is a laboratory for monitoring techniques for studying [[coastal erosion]].

The Anglet coast is about 4.5&nbsp;km long and has 11 beaches from north to south:
* Beach of la Barre;
* Beach of lesCavaliers;
* Beach of les Dunes;
* Beach of l'Ocean;
* Beach of la Madrague;
* Beach of la petite Madrague;
* Beach of les Corsaires;
* Beach of la Marinella;
* Beach of les Sables d'or;
* Beach of Club;
* Beach of VVF (''Village Vacances Famille'').

The ''French Basque Coast'' designates the part of the Aquitaine coast between the ''Chambre d'Amour'' cave at Anglet and the Spanish border.

Anglet has an airport [[Aéroport de Biarritz-Anglet-Bayonne]] some {{convert|2|km|mi|abbr=off}} south of the town accessible from the D810 road. It has flights to destinations across France as well as Europe.

===Access===
Anglet is served by the [[A63 autoroute]], the D810 road from [[Bayonne]] to Anglet town, and the D260 road from Bayonne to the northern part of the commune and continuing south-west towards [[Biarritz]].<ref name=Google>[https://www.google.com/maps/place/Anglet/@43.4792035,-1.5233892,13215m/data=!3m1!1e3!4m2!3m1!1s0xd51401cdc979735:0xbdbc5ff838b9ab48?hl=en Google Maps]</ref>

[[File:Chronoplus ligne 13.jpg|thumb|Chronoplus Bus Terminus for the Anglet beaches.]]

During the winter season of 2013–2014 the A1, A2, C, 4, 5, 6, 8, 10, 11, 12, 14, and N (evening) ''Chronoplus'' bus routes operated by the ''Transdev agglomeration de Bayonne'' serve Anglet connecting it to other communes in the metropolitan area: [[Bayonne]], [[Biarritz]], [[Bidart]], [[Boucau]], [[Saint-Pierre-d'Irube]], and [[Tarnos]].<ref>[http://www.chronoplus.eu/ftp/Chronoplus_hiver_plan_web_2013-2014.pdf   Chronoplus Timetable Winter 2013-2014] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131203023226/http://www.chronoplus.eu/ftp/Chronoplus_hiver_plan_web_2013-2014.pdf |date=2013-12-03 }}, consulted on 23 November 2013. {{in lang|fr}}</ref>

===Hydrography===
The [[Adour]] flows into the Atlantic Ocean ([[Bay of Biscay]]) between Anglet on the left bank and [[Tarnos]] on the right bank.

The commune is traversed by the following tributaries of the Adour:
*the Sarraoute
*the Artigou (as well as the tributary of this - the Zubiru with its own tributary the Hòssa)
*the Camoudiet (and its tributaries, the Aouassole and the Riu Tòrt)
*the Horc (with its tributaries - the Coumelade, the Mail, and the Canaou)
*the Prade (joined by the Horn)
*the Gaoube (and the Arm of the Gaoube)
*the Houillassat
*the Gaoubole
*the Hourclat
*the Larraoudille
*the Bon
*the Adour de Gripp (as well as its tributaries - the great Canabère, the Garet, the Picharotte, the Goutil de Thou, and the Aritz and its tributary the Goutil Sec)
*the May d'Escaret
*the Arrimoula
*the Adour de Lesponne (and its tributaries, the Cantalop, the Lhécou, the Riu Grand, the Brouilh, the Maouri, the Tos - and its tributaries: the Népoutre, the Arabède, and the Cétérou; the Narbeoz, the Beliou, the Binaros, the Glère - and its tributaries: the Great Garrot, the Lardezen, and the Hont Herèda)
*the Serris

===Localities and hamlets===
{{div col|colwidth=18em}}
* Aritxague<ref name="Raymond"/>
* la Barre
* Blancpignon<ref name="Raymond"/>
* Bois Belin
* le Brise-Lames
* la Butte aux Cailles
* Camiade
* Cantau
* les Cavaliers
* la chambre d'Amour<ref name="Raymond"/>
* Chassin
* Château de Brindos<ref name="Raymond"/>
* Chiberta<ref name="Raymond"/>
* Choisy
* Cinq Cantons<ref name="Raymond"/>
* les Corsaires
* Courbois<ref name="Raymond"/>
* Girouette
* Hailtz
* Hardoy
* El Hogar
* Hondritz<ref name="Raymond"/>
* Irumendy<ref name="Raymond"/>
* Jorlis
* le Lazaret<ref name="Raymond"/>
* Louillot
* la Madrague
* Maignon
* Marinella
* Mauléon<ref name="Raymond"/>
* Montbrun
* Montdeville
* Moulinau
* l'Océan
* le Pavillon Chinois
* Péan
* Le Phare
* le Pignada<ref name="Raymond"/>
* Port du Soufre
* Quatre Cantons
* Refuge Notre-Dame<ref name="Raymond"/>
* les Sables d'Or
* Saint-Bernard<ref name="Raymond"/>
* Saint-Jean
* Salines
* Stella-Maris
* Sutar<ref name="Raymond"/>
* Tivoli
* Tour de Lannes
* Les Trois Croix
* Troissonat<ref name="Raymond"/>
* l'Union
{{div col end}}
<ref name=Geo>[http://www.geoportail.gouv.fr/accueil?c=-1.5183,43.4850&z=7.92265E-5&l=GEOGRAPHICALGRIDSYSTEMS.MAPS.3D$GEOPORTAIL:OGC:WMTS@aggregate(1)&l=ADMINISTRATIVEUNITS.BOUNDARIES$GEOPORTAIL:OGC:WMTS(1)&permalink=yes Géoportail], [[Institut géographique national|IGN]] {{in lang|fr}}</ref>

===Neighbouring communes and villages===
{{Geographic location
|width=auto
|Centre    = Anglet
|North     = [[Bay of Biscay]]
|Northeast = [[Tarnos]]
|East      = [[Bayonne]]
|Southeast = [[Saint-Pierre-d'Irube]]
|South     = [[Bassussarry]]
|Southwest = [[Bidart]]
|West      = [[Biarritz]]
|Northwest = [[Bay of Biscay]]
}}
<ref name=Google/>

==Toponymy==
[[File:Panorama ANGLET.JPG|thumb|right|Panorama of the beaches of Anglet from la Barre (at left) towards the cliffs at the House of Love (at right)]]

The origin of the name ''Anglet'' is Roman from the Latin ''angulus'', "Land shaped like a wedge"<ref>Bénédicte Boyrie-Fénié, ''Toponymic Dictionary of the communes of Landes and Bas-Adour'', éd. Cairn, 2005, p. 255 {{in lang|fr}}</ref> or "low terrain or depression".<ref name="Jobbé"/> This last hypothesis was confirmed by Jean-Baptiste Orpustan<ref name="Orpustan"/> who indicated that the official name and the basque name derived from two distinct strains of the same origin: ''angellu'', a diminutive of ''Angulu'', and cited by L. Michelena who affirmed that "low terrain" applies to "all the sandy beach-front in the commune".

The [[Basque language|Basque]] name of the commune is ''Angelu'' and the [[Gascon dialect|Gascon]] name is ''Anglet''. The inhabitants are known as ''Anglòi'' in Gascon and ''Angeluar''<ref name="Jobbé"/> in Basque.

The following table details the origins of the commune name and other names in the commune.

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Name !! Spelling !! Date !! Source !! Page !! Origin !! Description
|-
| '''Anglet''' || Angles || 1188 || Raymond ||{{center|6}}|| Cartulary || Village
|-
|  || Anglet || 1249 & 1253 || Orpustan ||{{center|28}}||  ||
|-
|  || Portu de Angleto || 1291 || Orpustan ||{{center|28}}||  ||
|-
|  || Sanctus Leo d'Anglet || 1761 || Raymond ||{{center|6}}|| Collations ||
|-
|  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||
|-
| '''Aritxague''' || Urruzaga || 1140 || Raymond ||{{center|142}}|| Cartulary || Mill, from the Basque Haritzaga meaning "place of oaks" (tauzins).
|-
|  || Urrucega || 1149 || Raymond ||{{center|142}}|| Cartulary ||
|-
|  || Urrusague || 12th century || Raymond ||{{center|142}}|| Cartulary ||
|-
|  || Aritzague || 1750 || Raymond ||{{center|142}}|| Cassini ||
|-
|  || Ritzague || 1863 || Raymond ||{{center|142}}||  ||
|-
|  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||
|-
| '''Chambre d'Amour''' || Ygasc || 1198 || Raymond ||{{center|48}}|| Cartulary || Hamlet, from a cave next to the sea.
|-
|  || Higas || 12th century || Raymond ||{{center|48}}|| Cartulary ||
|-
|  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||
|-
| '''Audios''' || Audoz || 1198 || Raymond ||{{center|48}}|| Cartulary || Hamlet in 1863
|-
|  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||
|-
| '''Blancpignon''' || Blanpignon || 1863 || Raymond ||{{center|33}}|| || Place
|-
|  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||
|-
| '''Brindos''' || Villa que dictur Berindos || 12th century || Raymond ||{{center|36}}|| Cartulary || Hamlet
|-
|  || Beryndos || 1331 || Raymond ||{{center|36}}|| Gascon Roles ||
|-
|  || Beryndes || 1334 || Raymond ||{{center|36}}|| Gascon Roles ||
|-
|  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||
|-
| '''Chiberta''' || Lac de Chiberta || 1863 || Raymond ||{{center|49}}||  || Lake
|-
|  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||
|-
| '''Courbois''' || Fausegui || 1198 || Raymond ||{{center|53}}|| Cartulary || Hamlet
|-
|  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||
|-
| '''Donzacq''' || Molendinum de Donzag || 1246 || Raymond ||{{center|57}}|| Cartulary || Mill, the Donzacq stream rose in Biarritz, passed through Anglet and Bayonne and then joined the [[Adour]]
|-
|  || Lo moly appelé Donzac || 1539 || Raymond ||{{center|57}}|| Chapter ||
|-
|  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||
|-
| '''Moulin d'Hausquette''' || Molin de Fausquete || 1259 || Raymond ||{{center|76}}|| Cartulary || Mill
|-
|  || Moulin de Hausquete || 1556 || Raymond ||{{center|57}}|| Saint-Clare ||
|-
|  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||
|-
| '''Hondritz''' || Underitz || 1149 || Raymond ||{{center|78}}|| Cartulary || Hamlet
|-
|  || Honderiz || 1198 || Raymond ||{{center|78}}|| Cartulary ||
|-
|  || Honderiz || 1255 || Raymond ||{{center|78}}|| Cartulary ||
|-
|  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||
|-
| '''Irumendy''' || Yrumendie || 12th century || Raymond ||{{center|83}}|| Cartulary || Hamlet (destroyed)
|-
|  || Irumendie || 13th century || Raymond ||{{center|83}}|| Cartulary ||
|-
|  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||
|-
| '''Lamothe''' || Lamothe || 1863 || Raymond ||{{center|91}}||  || Fief
|-
|  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||
|-
| '''Lastourte''' || Lastourte || 1863 || Raymond ||{{center|96}}||  || Redoubt
|-
|  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||
|-
| '''Lazaret''' || Lazaret || 1863 || Raymond ||{{center|98}}||  || "dépôt de mendicité" (Poorhouse) 
|-
|  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||
|-
| '''Mauléon''' || Mauléon || 1863 || Raymond ||{{center|110}}||  || Château 
|-
|  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||
|-
| '''Montori''' || Montori || 1863 || Raymond ||{{center|117}}||  || Hamlet 
|-
|  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||
|-
| '''Navariz''' || Le Fontaine de Navariz || 1198 || Raymond ||{{center|121}}|| Cartulary || Fountain at Montori 
|-
|  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||
|-
| '''Le Pignada''' || Le Pinada || 1863 || Raymond ||{{center|135}}||  || Forest 
|-
|  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||
|-
| '''Pontots''' || Pontots || 1863 || Raymond ||{{center|138}}||  || Hamlet 
|-
|  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||
|-
| '''Refuge Notre-Dame''' || Le Refuge || 1863 || Raymond ||{{center|141}}||  || Religious house 
|-
|  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||
|-
| '''Sincos''' || Sincos || 1149 || Raymond ||{{center|161}}|| Cartulary || Hamlet (destroyed) 
|-
|  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||
|-
| '''Sutar''' || Villa quæ dicitur Huzater || 12th century || Raymond ||{{center|165}}|| Cartulary || Hamlet 
|-
|  || Utsatarren || 1149 || Raymond ||{{center|165}}|| Cartulary ||
|-
|  || Usatarren || 1198 || Raymond ||{{center|165}}|| Cartulary ||
|-
|  || Ussutarren || 13th century || Raymond ||{{center|165}}|| Cartulary ||
|-
|  || Hucetarren || 13th century || Raymond ||{{center|165}}|| Cartulary ||
|-
|  || Sustaren || 16th century || Raymond ||{{center|165}}|| Cartulary ||
|-
|  || Sutarre || 1863 || Raymond ||{{center|165}}|| ||
|-
|  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||
|-
| '''Troissonat''' || Troissonat || 1578 || Raymond ||{{center|168}}|| Chapter || the name of a place at the mouth of the [[Adour]], called ''le Boucau'' on 28 October 1578 
|}

'''Sources:'''

*'''[[Paul Raymond (archivist)|Raymond]]:''' [https://books.google.com/books?id=2TCHmbiipFIC ''Topographic Dictionary of the Department of Basses-Pyrenees''], 1863, on the page numbers indicated in the table. {{in lang|fr}}<ref name=Raymond>[https://books.google.com/books?id=2TCHmbiipFIC ''Topographic Dictionary of the Department of Basses-Pyrenees''], [[Paul Raymond (archivist)|Paul Raymond]], Imprimerie nationale, 1863, Digitised from Lyon Public Library 15 June 2011 {{in lang|fr}}</ref>
*'''Orpustan:''' Jean-Baptiste Orpustan, ''New Basque Toponymy''<ref name="Orpustan">Jean-Baptiste Orpustan, ''New Basque Toponymy'', Presses universitaires de Bordeaux, 2006, {{ISBN|2 86781 396 4}} {{in lang|fr}}</ref>

'''Origins:'''
*'''Cartulary:''' [[Cartulary]] of [[Bayonne]] or ''Livre d'Or'' (Book of Gold)<ref name=Cartulary>Manuscript from the 14th century in the Departmental Archives of Pyrénées-Atlantiques {{in lang|fr}}</ref>
*'''Collations:''' Collations of the [[Diocese of Bayonne]]<ref name=Collations>Manuscripts from the 17th and 18th centuries in the Departmental  Archives of Pyrénées-Atlantiques {{in lang|fr}}</ref>
*'''Cassini:''' [[French cartography#Cassini maps|Cassini Map]] from 1750<ref name=Cassini>[http://rumsey.geogarage.com/maps/cassinige.html?lat=43.4850&lon=-1.5183&zoom=13 Cassini Map 1750 - Asson]</ref>
*'''Chapter:''' Titles of the Chapter of [[Bayonne]]<ref name=Chapter>Chapter of Bayonne in the Departmental Archives of Pyrénées-Atlantiques {{in lang|fr}}</ref>
*'''Saint-Claire:''' Titles of the Abbey of Sainte-Claire of [[Bayonne]]<ref name="Saint-Claire">Titles of the Abbey of Sainte-Claire of [[Bayonne]] - Departmental Archives of Pyrénées-Atlantiques {{in lang|fr}}</ref>

==History==

===Prehistory===
Based on discoveries made, the oldest land in Anglet dates back to prehistory (mid-[[Paleolithic]]) and [[Mousterian]] culture (from 100,000 to 35,000 BC).<ref>''The open-air prehistoric site of Lestaulan, Maignon district (Bayonne) - Sutar (Anglet)'', Claude Chauchat {{in lang|fr}}</ref> Various flint tools characteristic of the Mousterian period have been discovered.<ref>''Prehistory in Basque Country North and South of Landes'', R. Arambourou {{in lang|fr}}</ref> The use of splinters on both faces to make sharp points (scratcher, scraper) allows working on skins and making axes with wooden handles.<ref>''History of Anglet – From its origins to modern times'', Manex Goyhenetche, p. 9, "The Age of Population Centres" {{in lang|fr}}</ref> Around Anglet, including the Tower of Lannes, Brindos, and Sutar,<ref>E. Passemard, Bulletin of the Prehistoric Society of France, 1920, Volume 17, No. 12, pp. 286-291 {{in lang|fr}}</ref> open air locations high above low swampy parts were preferred as in other parts of Basque Country ([[Saint-Pierre-d'Irube]], Ilbarritz at [[Bidart]], Duboscoa at [[Villefranque, Pyrénées-Atlantiques|Villefranque]], [[Lahonce]], [[Urt]], and [[Bidache]]<ref>Claude Chauchat, ''Paleolithic Industries in the Bayonne region of Périgordien formerly Asturian third cycle Bordeaux III'' {{in lang|fr}}</ref>).

The prefecture of the Aquitaine region, considering the knowledge elements of the archaeological heritage of the commune currently identified in the archaeological database of the Regional Directorate of Cultural Affairs of Aquitaine<ref>Order W AZ.09.64.11 - ''Prefecture of Aquitaine - Administrative and Financial procedures in preventive archaeology'' {{in lang|fr}}</ref> issued an order for the following sites: Brindos, Cote 50, La Ballastière of Micoteau (Sutar), and Hondritz referenced as having Paleolithic occupation. The sites in the Rue du Colombier and the Tower of Lannes are referenced to as prehistoric sites of refuge which also refers to occupation in proto-historic times ([[Copper Age]], [[Bronze Age]], [[Iron Age]]).

===Roman times===
During the Roman era (towards 400 AD), Bayonne served as a [[castrum]] (in [[Novempopulania]]) for a cohort  large enough for a rampart to be built (still visible in some places) surrounding an area somewhat excessive for an Army (seven hectares), but no remains indicate that there was a city (no theatre, no ruins of villas or baths, etc.). At that time, the regional Roman capital was "Aquae Augustae" ([[Dax, Landes|Dax]]) and the people living in the geographical area between Dax and [[Oiartzun]] (which included the commune of Anglet) called themselves [[Tarbelli]]. Furthermore, there is evidence that outside these walls, there were many potters who worked for the Roman cohort.<ref name="ReferenceA">''Bayonne – City of Art and History'', Dominique Duplantier {{in lang|fr}}</ref>

===Middle Ages===
[[File:Ancienne ferme rural - rue chassin Anglet.JPG|thumb|right|Old house in Anglet - as witness to the rural past and listed in the inventory of heritage for the city of Anglet (Annex PLU)]]

The history of Anglet actually appears from the Middle Ages where it was discovered that the core of the oldest settlement is located in a rural area called "Berindos"<ref>''Book of Gold of Bayonne'', Father Bidache, {{in lang|fr}}.</ref> which is Brindos (mentioned in 1083).<ref>''History of Anglet – From its origins to modern times'', Manex Goyhenetche, p. 23 {{in lang|fr}}</ref> There are some remains of a mill, dating to the 12th century, which was used to grind corn (the ''Moulin de Brindos''). Two grindstones for wheat and the mule barn are still present.<ref>Inventory of Heritage under Article L123 1, 7° of the Urbanism Code — PLU of Anglet. {{in lang|fr}}</ref> It was also found that Berindos was a parish or at least included a church from the 12th century.<ref>''Book of Gold of Bayonne'', Father Bidache, p. 26/27, "Lordly Domain of Berindos and tenures" {{in lang|fr}}</ref> This area is located south of the airport: its agricultural past has disappeared under residential urbanization and development.

The mill is now a ruin: saved from demolition in 2000 by a local association (Ardatza-Arroudet, Friends of the Mills of Basque and Béarn Country). A developer planned to replace it with a parking lot for a shopping area. Authorizations were granted at that time.<ref>[http://www.ardatzaarroudet.asso.fr/?/moulins/Moulin-de-Brindos Ardatza-Arroudet Friends of the Mills of Basque and Béarn Country - The Moulin de Brindos] {{in lang|fr}}</ref> However, what is probably one of the oldest (12th century) heritage buildings of the city remains although the house, as old as the mill, was destroyed in 1978. A fire destroyed part of the mill in 2011, creating a need for security in 2013.<ref>[http://jpvoisin.over-blog.com/article-34928346.html Blog by Jean-Pierre Voisin - Assistant Mayor of Anglet in charge of Urbansism 2008-2014] {{in lang|fr}}</ref>

[[File:Ferme Mimiague - Anglet.JPG|thumb|right|Mimiague Farm in labourdin timbered style. The ground floor was designed for living and stables, the first floor for hay drying and curing of hams - Rue de Bahinos Anglet<ref>Manex Goyhenetche, ''History of Anglet - From its Origins to modern times'', P. 256 & P. 282 {{in lang|fr}}</ref>]]

In the parish of Brindos there are ancient lordships and noble houses: the Domain of Urcos (1149) and the ''Terra de Sincos'' (1141).<ref>''Book of Gold of Bayonne'', Father Bidache, p. 30, "Domains of Urcos and Berindos" {{in lang|fr}}</ref> Other areas of population also appear in the Book of Gold of Bayonne namely:<ref>Manex Goyhenetche, ''History of Anglet - From its origins to modern times'', Chapter II,  "The Topographic and Socio-economic configuration of Anglet according to medieval documentary sources", p.23 to p.26 {{in lang|fr}}</ref>
*a farm at Sutar (1083 spelled ''Huzater''),
*Places at Irandatz and Andotz (1149)
*Nalbais/Naubeis (1083),
*Fausegi (1198),
*Fondarraga

There are also references to orchards and mills at Mufale/Aumufale (on the Anglet border) and at Balaison/Balichon. In the current area of Pontots/Beyries there is also ''Dames de Montori'' (not Montaury), a religious order of Saint-Bernard d'Esteyron<ref>[http://www.ghfpbam.org/Villes/AngletHistoire.php ''Small Contribution to the History of Anglet''], Alfred Lassus {{in lang|fr}}</ref> (no relation to the Bernardines of the nineteenth century) who established themselves on the Route de Biarritz. They later moved to the right bank (which was perhaps their original monastery) and were dependent on the Bishop of Dax and not of Bayonne.<ref>''Anglet, the city of six steeples. Its history'', Mme Dufetel {{in lang|fr}}.</ref>

[[File:ANGLET CAMIADE.JPG|thumb|One of the oldest farms in Anglet, the Camiade farm (Rue de la Hausquette). The date 1669 is engraved on the pediment of stone. It features a carved lintel and a gabled façade with a gable roof<ref>Manex Goyhenetche, ''History of Anglet - From its Origins to modern times'', p. 251-252, "Inventory of old rural buildings" {{in lang|fr}}</ref><ref>3.3 Inventory of Heritage under Article L123-1,7° of the code of Urbanism, p. 24 {{in lang|fr}}</ref>]]

Anglet also had a port area, Fausquette/Hausquette, where resin, wine, cider (then called "pomade") and wheat (then called blat) were loaded.<ref>''History of Anglet — From its origins to modern times'', Manex Goyhenetche, p. 28, "The Topographic and socio-economic configuration of Anglet according to documentary medieval sources" {{in lang|fr}}</ref><ref>''Book of Gold of Bayonne'', Pau 1906, Bidache. J, Registres gascons. {{in lang|fr}}</ref> The Hausquette Mill cited in 1256 in the ''Book of Gold of Bayonne'' is located on the Maharin Stream near this port. The building is now a private house located at 181 rue de Hausquette still visible and referred to by the city as a "Route for walking and cycling - Streams and fountains - Discover the historic and natural heritage of Anglet".<ref>[http://www.anglet.fr/fileadmin/user_upload/fichiers/mediatheque/publications/Environnement/Depliant_IZADIA_Ruisseau_2012.pdf Anglet Streams and Fountains] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140322182953/http://www.anglet.fr/fileadmin/user_upload/fichiers/mediatheque/publications/Environnement/Depliant_IZADIA_Ruisseau_2012.pdf |date=2014-03-22 }} {{in lang|fr}}</ref>

[[File:Ancienne habitation Anglet 64.JPG|thumb|left|Bascot House - typical of an old Lande house, squat, on a rectangular base with or without a floor used to store hay]]

[[File:Ferme Mauléon - Anglet.JPG|thumb|left|An old farm in Anglet called Mauleon but whose original name was "Bergouey Farm". Part of the building dates from the end of the 15th  century and beginning of the 16th century.]]

In the Middle Ages, Bayonne was already a fortified city under English domination from the 12th to the 15th centuries. The population became more numerous and extended beyond the perimeter walls to settle in the suburbs surrounded by fields and vineyards<ref name="ReferenceA"/> where the suburb of Saint Léon was an extension from the gate of the same name. The chronicler Froissart stated that "the suburb (was) as important as the city". Saint Léon was organized around its church (Saint Léon) and extended to the "Port of Beyries" and "to the Arritzague Stream".<ref>Eugène Goyhenetche, ''Bayonne and the Bayonne region'' {{in lang|fr}}</ref> The church dates back to 1089. Two parishes seem to have been identified: Saint Léon and Brindos. However, before the end of the 16th century, Bayonne was taken from the English by the Kingdom of France and the suburbs were demolished (Saint Léon, Marracq, and Beyris) as being too close and too prejudicial to the defence of the walled city, which concentrated within the confines of the existing small and large Bayonne (which explains the density and height of buildings in the centre of Bayonne). France was wary of Spain who tried several times to capture Bayonne (1523 and 1552).

In 1557, the Saint Léon church was demolished and transferred to its current location in 1564 in front of the current town hall of Anglet. As Manex Goyhenetche points out in his book on Anglet, the city was then "the surrounding countryside of Bayonne", "densely populated rural suburb of peasants". It was more than a single entity, but a set of different districts including religious buildings (chapels) which have disappeared today. It was a large rural territory dominated by a topography of landforms (plateaus and terraces) and lower parts (Barthes and streams) covered various agricultural operations, woods, orchards, vineyards, and mills which lived on agriculture and cattle.<ref>''History of Anglet — From its origins to modern times'', Manex Goyhenetche, p. 71, Chapter II, "The changes during the 16th century" {{in lang|fr}}</ref>

===The rivalry between Anglet and Bayonne===
Bayonne then had a monopoly on trade and fishing in the whole basin of the Adour from [[Biarritz]] to [[Capbreton]]. Bayonne tried to master the marshy strip of land that was once on the left bank of the river when the natural mouth of the Adour was much further north (located in the tenth century at Cape Breton then, after yet another quirk of the River, at [[Vieux-Boucau-les-Bains|Vieux Boucau]] from 1310 to 1578). The major event of this period was the diversion of the Adour. Trade in Bayonne declined due to the remoteness of the river mouth and especially the silting of the Adour that prevented large vessels enter the estuary. Louis de Foix, an engineer sent by the king, succeeded, after many efforts using local labour, in diverting the river to allow an exit for the Adour only {{convert|5|or|6|km|mi|spell=in|abbr=off}} from Bayonne.

Rivalries and conflicts between Anglet and Bayonne continued for the jurisdiction and rights over this sandy strip of land that was now cut in half, with one part north of the Adour and not solely on the left bank of the river, which complicated the situation even more. A war of justification of the boundary marks and rights therefore intensified between the two cities to see who could enjoy the sands of Gauseirans where were identified as "Les Pignadas". The name of Gauseirans/Betenave would be resumed in Gibraltar and then "basquised" to  ''Chimberta'' and ''Chiberta''.<ref>''History of Anglet – From its origins to modern times'', Manex Goyhenetche, Chapter III, "The chronic discord with Bayonne", p. 79 {{in lang|fr}}.</ref>

In the texts of the city of Bayonne, it says to maintain the rights to the land and demand the sand. Conversely, England on its side tried to justify the demarcation, especially those "north of the river", and showed grazing agreements from 1395 and 1525 before the diversion ("to Betenave, located in the vast space of Gauseirans containing the sand and pignadas attached "to the farm lands" of Anglet"). This did not deter the rivalry that continued throughout the 17th and 18th centuries and finally ended in settlement agreements.

===18th century===
[[File:Ferme Anglet.JPG|thumb|left|An old house surrounded by pine forests and fields]]

Besides the issue of communal boundaries, the rivalry was exacerbated by the antagonism of behaviour between the Bayonne bourgeoisie and the Anglet peasantry. At that time, the lords, nobles and bourgeois of Bayonne bought land at Anglet but fled from community measures and obligations (particularly in terms of taxation). Despite careful control of the people and the obstinacy of the peasants, some aristocrats from Bayonne won a fight which was not played on equal terms.

At that time, many of the inhabitants of Anglet were herdsmen who sought ox carts to bring fertilizer to their land from the stables of Bayonne. These oxen were used to transport goods between Bayonne, [[Saint Jean de Luz]] and Spain as well as to maintain their vineyards, corn, or wheat fields. In the pignadas, the resin or "gem" is harvested from pine trees for producing candles or to allow the caulking of ships as well as for making soap, perfume, and many household goods. Plastic and synthetic products would destroy his employment and his crop. There were also plantations of [[cork oak]] used for many purposes (corks but also very fashionable for planting in the 19th century).<ref name="ang">Autrefois Anglet, Éditions Atlantica, Philippe Salquain, p.60-62 ''In the Forest of Cork Oaks'' p.66/68/70 ''Harvest of resin in the Pignadas''. {{in lang|fr}}</ref>

During the Revolution and the Empire there was "a double movement of [[land grabbing]] and dilapidation of heritage" to convert land under cultivation at the expense of the old houses of Anglet who used communal land for their flocks. In 1812, an image of the town is provided by the Mayor of the time: "a population of 1965 souls (...) houses are distant from each other without any rallying point that the church (Saint Léon) provided".<ref>''History of Anglet – From its origins to modern times'', Manex Goyhenetche, p. 182 {{in lang|fr}}</ref> At Anglet, most of the people were small farmers although some wealthy Bayonne people settled in the commune such as the binder and lithographer Jean Bernain who bought "Quintau" in 1787.

The difficulties were compounded by the wars of the Revolution and the billeting of troops "at extraordinary and necessary expense occasioned by the cavalry (Napoleonic), the train of artillery, and the troops of the line" who stayed during their passage to the Spain. The same then occurred in 1814 by [[Arthur Wellesley, 1st Duke of Wellington|Wellington]]'s British troops during the fighting that devastated the Blancpignon forest, then returning to Spain to face the routed Napoleonic army routed (who took refuge within the walls of Bayonne). Part of the population abandoned Anglet in 1813 and 1814 to escape to the north or south. In 1822 [[cholera]] struck Anglet.<ref>P. Hourmat, ''The invasion of French Basque Country in 1813-1814'', Bulletin of the Basque Museum, 1st and 2nd trimesters, 1967. See also D. Halty, ''Episodes of Napoleonic War in Basque Country'', éd. Cairn. {{in lang|fr}}</ref>

In March 1815, during the disorders caused by the Hundred Days and after the [[Battle of Waterloo]], a Spanish army commanded by the Earl of Labisbal made a brief foray beyond the Bidassoa to Anglet and [[Ustaritz]]. These troops made a fighting retreat after an intervention by [[Louis Antoine, Duke of Angoulême]], with the Spanish monarch [[Ferdinand VII]].<ref name="Veyrin">''The Basques'', Philippe Veyrin, Arthaud, 1975, 1st edition 1947, {{ISBN|2-700-30038-6}} {{in lang|fr}}</ref>

===19th century, the transformation of Anglet, a rural area in an urban space===
In 1838–1839, Father Cestac acquired the property Châteauneuf to install the institution of ''Our Lady of refuge'' and create a community of servants of Mary away from the city and the critics (they collected young prostitutes wishing to exit). This property now has the last agricultural land between Chiberta forest and the Boulevard BAB. Father Cestac did not have much money which forced him to work the land with his community who were unaccustomed to working the land.<ref>''Olden Day Anglet'', Éditions Atlantica, Philippe Salquain p. 186/188/190, The Nuns of Our Lady of Refuge {{in lang|fr}}</ref> The nuns founded a school, cultivated and cleared most of the land surrounding the Refuge, which grew considerably. Beyond the corn fields, near the forest, there are greenhouses where they still maintain today decorative flowers and gardens (on the other side of the Avenue de Montbrun). Some of them wanted to go further in their work of prayer and meditation, namely absolute silence. These were the Bernardines who settled in the area about a kilometre from the Refuge near the greenhouses. Next to the Bernardine convent is the cemetery for Bernardines and the Servants of Mary with more than 300 graves in sand - all symmetrically aligned and decorated with a shell cross. This site is unique in France. Each year, they are rebuilt during the season of Lent because the weather erodes them.<ref>[http://www.petit-patrimoine.com/fiche-petit-patrimoine.php?id_pp=64024_3 The sand cemetery of the monastery of Saint Bernard at Anglet (64)] {{in lang|fr}}</ref> Nearby there is also a chapel of straw<ref>[http://diocese64.org/actualites/20-diocese-et-services/art-et-culture/227-un-cimetiere-de-sable-au-refuge A cemetery of sand at the Refuge in Anglet] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140311023814/http://diocese64.org/actualites/20-diocese-et-services/art-et-culture/227-un-cimetiere-de-sable-au-refuge |date=2014-03-11 }} {{in lang|fr}}</ref> with a sand floor (Our Lady of Solitude), symbol of the greatest austerity of their religious faith.<ref>[http://www.petit-patrimoine.com/fiche-petit-patrimoine.php?id_pp=64024_2 The chapel of straw of the monastery of Saint Bernard at Anglet - descriptions and photos] {{in lang|fr}}</ref>

[[File:Villa sofia-Anglet.JPG|thumb|left|upright=1|VVilla Sofia, inhabited by Princess Yourievsky, wife of [[Tsar Alexander II]] of Russia]]

Early in 1870 it was decided to build a racetrack on the sands of Chiberta to develop a new area of recreation and tourism on the current site of La Barre like its neighbour biarrot. This racecourse included fifty hectares of land previously used for the cultivation of vines and some market gardening, while crystallizing a divide between tourism development then reserved for the elite and the peasants, still rooted in the rural world. Its creation was due to a cousin of the mayor of Bayonne, Felix Labat, supported by an Englishman, Lord Howden, a former Spanish ambassador and owner of the Château de Caradoc in Bayonne. The racecourse and shopping places became the most fashionable distraction on the Basque coast. This was the rendezvous of all the "elite" of the time who came to show themselves in the elegant galleries.<ref name="ang" />

In 1877 the BAB (Bayonne Anglet Biarritz) railway line of "American railway" (steam tram) type was inaugurated. It served Anglet through the "Five Cantons" halt near the Villa Marie Antoinette. However, it was critical that the new railway crossed rural roads in the commune by unmanned level crossings (causing many accidents) while avoiding the administrative centre of Saint John. The concern was not to serve the people of Anglet but to link Bayonne to Biarritz.<ref>''Old Time Anglet'', Éditions Atlantica, Philippe Salquain p. 108/110/112, Bab Station/the BAB arrives at Anglet/the 5 cantons Station {{in lang|fr}}</ref>

It was not until 1888 that a new line (BLB) connected Bayonne to Biarritz along the National Route N10 and strengthened the intersection located in the Saint John district. BLB quickly became more attractive than the BAB, especially because of its coverage of Saint John - the administrative district - and the Marracq High School stop in Bayonne where many students were enrolled from Anglet.<ref>''Olden Day Anglet'', Éditions Atlantica, Philippe Salquain, p. 114, The Tramway crosses the country {{in lang|fr}}</ref>

In 1884–1885, the first bathing establishment opened its doors on the House of Love beach wishing to compete with the baths in Biarritz. Swimmers had at their disposal: seventy-five cabins, a wide assortment of bathing suits, and a swimming coach who personally watched over them.

On 9 January 1924 the town was hit by a "tsunami" that destroyed the racetrack (it never succeeded in recovering from this disaster). The bathing establishment, also hit hard, was rebuilt {{convert|30|m|ft|abbr=off}} away.

[[File:Eglise Sainte Marie - Anglet.JPG|thumb|right|upright=1|The interior of the Church of Saint Mary in the 5 cantons district built in 1933]]

It was not until the mid-1920s that the company BALF (Biarritz-Anglet-Forest) acquired 150 new hectares to create the Chiberta Golf Course (1927). In 1928 a second bathhouse was created at the House of Love, with a saltwater pool, a dozen "cabanas" (cabins with private bathrooms), and a large hall (the whole occupies 15,000 m2). Its art deco style is signed Anatole Durruty. This property attracted the biggest names in high society of the time (the Baroness de Rothschild, the Maharajah of Jasdan, the Grand Duke Dimitri, the King and Queen of Spain, the Prince of Wales, [[Buster Keaton]] etc.) and caused a real buzz for the performances, sporting events, galas and world exhibitions. This was the golden age of Anglet.<ref>''Olden Day Anglet'', Éditions Atlantica, Philippe Salquain, p. 33, House of Love - The celebrated and highly frequented swimming pool {{in lang|fr}}</ref>

In 1929, the city was classified as a "resort". The three cities, Bayonne, Anglet, and Biarritz agreed to the creation of an airport offering international services which was located two-thirds in the commune of Anglet.

[[File:Ecole Anglet Place Lamothe.JPG|thumb|left|upright=1|The Jules Ferry School at Anglet. In the foreground the school was built in neo-Basque style with additions on both sides with openings that reveal a more contemporary architecture. At the right is the rear side of the pediment, today in the courtyard of the school. Made of Bidache stone, it dates from 1899 and Chiquito de Cambo played there.]]

The VFDM railway line (Voies Ferrées Départementales du Midi) which links Bayonne to [[Hendaye]] via la Barre was built from 1913 to 1927 [ref.  desired]. Traversing the woods and countryside Chiberta and overlooking the beaches of the House of Love, the "coast tram" quickly became a tourist line and was also popular with families and local residents. The line closed in 1948 due to a growing disaffection related to the crisis of the 1930s.<ref>''Olden Days Anglet'', Éditions Atlantica, Philippe Salquain, p. 122/124/126, The Basque Coast Tram/The Fontaine Laborde Station/The Chiberta Stop {{in lang|fr}}</ref>

The chapel of the House of Love, created by [[Napoleon III]] became obsolete. Father Sabes was able to mobilize funds from High Society parishioners which allowed him to build a new church, Saint Mary's, in 1932 which became a listed church in 2014 - the first historical monument in Anglet.<ref>Anglet (64): [http://www.sudouest.fr/2014/02/25/anglet-64-l-eglise-sainte-marie-devient-le-premier-monument-classe-de-la-ville-1473062-4018.php The Church of Saint Mary becomes the first classified monument in the town - Published 25 February 2014 at 15:21  - Journal SUD OUEST] {{in lang|fr}}</ref>

===Post-Second World War: continuing urbanization===
Postwar, urbanization continued because of the space available and attractive prices, unlike Bayonne or Biarritz. From 1970 to 1980 Anglet absorbed 70% of subdivision projects in the metropolitan area against 10% for Biarritz. The "thirty glorious years" spared no area of the commune, when only a few years past it had farmland, parks, ancient marshes (object of fervour a few centuries earlier). There were real estate programs of all kinds (subdivisions, condominium buildings, shops, industries, business area, highways, 2x2, etc.). Even areas reserved for high society changed in the democratization of holidays and mass tourism. The rural past of the town was relegated to memory.

During the 1960s and 70s, the pool of prestigious bathing establishments underwent violent storms that damaged them and eventually lead to their demolition in 1977. The pier was consolidated and the building became a community centre. Today the buildings have been renovated and renamed ''Space Ocean''.

Urban planning was done without a large-scale organizational plan, torn between two neighbouring communes. It was not until 1972 that the agglomeration created a first instance of intercommunal dialogue and today the urban community of Côte Basque-Adour (CAFB).

[[File:ANGLET CHAMBRE D'AMOUR.JPG|thumb|A characteristic image of the time, urbanization and the famous tourist site of ''Chambre d'Amour'' by Hotel VVF-1970]]

===Heraldry===
{{Blazon-arms
|img1=Blason Anglet.svg
|legend1=Arms of Anglet
|text=The Gascon motto for Anglet is ''Mar e pinhader per m'ajudar'' which means "Sea and Forest will help me" (''pinhader'' in Gascon is a forest of marine pines which are shown on the arms)

'''Blazon:'''<br />
''Argent, three pines in Vert posed in pale issuant from waves of Argent and Azure in base, in chief Gules charged with a lion passant gardant in Or holding a spear in his paw.''
}}

==Administration==
[[File:Anglet Villa Beatrix.jpg|thumb|The Villa Béatrix Enea, head office of cultural affairs and the Twinning committee]]
[[File:Anglet.jpg|thumb|Sculpture in the public gardens in front of the Villa Béatrix Enea]]

Anglet town is the seat of the [[canton of Anglet]], which covers part of the commune.

'''List of Successive Mayors'''<ref>[http://www.francegenweb.org/mairesgenweb/resultcommune.php?id=21372 List of Mayors of France]</ref>
{{incomplete list|date=April 2021}}
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! From !! To !! Name !! Party !! Position
|-
| 1870 || 1897 || Eugène Bernain ||  || 
|-
| 1897 ||  || Albert Le Barillier ||  || 
|-
| 1935 || 1937 || Daubin ||  || Doctor
|-
| 1937 || 1941 || François Dommain || [[Radical Party (France)|Radical]] || 
|-
| 1971 || 1993 || Victor Mendiboure || [[Union for French Democracy|UDF]] || 
|-
| 1993 || 1999 || Michel Bonnet || [[Union for French Democracy|UDF]] || 
|-
| 1999 || 2001 || [[Alain Lamassoure]] || [[Union for French Democracy|UDF]] || Vice President of the UDF<br /> Advisor to the Court of Auditors
|-
| 2001 || 2008 || Robert Villenave || [[Union for French Democracy|UDF]]<br />[[Socialist Party (France)|PS]] || Vice-president of CABAB<br />Vice-president of Côte Basque-Adour agglomeration
|-
| 2008 || 2014 || Jean Espilondo || [[Socialist Party (France)|PS]] || 
|-
| 2014 || 2026 || Claude Olive || [[Union for a Popular Movement|UMP]] || General Councillor for Anglet-Nord Canton
|}

===Inter-communality===
The town is part of six intercommunal structures:<ref>[http://comdpt.pyrenees-atlantiques.pref.gouv.fr/ComDpt64/ComGrp.php?siren=216400242&licom=Anglet ''Intercommunality of Pyrénées-Atlantiques''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131215113113/http://comdpt.pyrenees-atlantiques.pref.gouv.fr/ComDpt64/ComGrp.php?siren=216400242&licom=Anglet |date=2013-12-15 }}, Cellule informatique préfecture 64, consulted on 12 November 2011 {{in lang|fr}}</ref>
*the [[Communauté d'agglomération du Pays Basque]];
*the public agency for local management;
*the inter-communal association for management of the Txakurrak centre;
*the association to support Basque culture;
*the Joint association for the usage of the Nive;
*the energy association for Pyrénées-Atlantiques.

It is also a member of the ''Eurocity Basque Bayonne - San Sebastian''.

==Twin towns – sister cities==
{{See also|List of twin towns and sister cities in France}}
Anglet is [[Sister city|twinned]] with:<ref>{{cite web |title=Jumelage|url=https://www.anglet.fr/vie-municipale/jumelage/|website=anglet.fr|publisher=Anglet|language=fr|access-date=2021-04-21}}</ref>
*{{flagicon|GER}} [[Ansbach]], Germany (1968)

==Demography==
The inhabitants of the commune are known as ''Angloys'' or ''Angloyes'' in French,<ref>[https://www.habitants.fr/pyrenees-atlantiques-64 Pyrénées-Atlantiques], habitants.fr</ref><ref name="Jobbé">[[Brigitte Jobbé-Duval]], ''Dictionary of place names - Pyrénées-Atlantiques'', 2009, Archives and Culture, {{ISBN|978-2-35077-151-9}} {{in lang|fr}}</ref> and as ''Angeluar'' in [[Basque language|Basque]].<ref>[http://www.euskaltzaindia.net/index.php?option=com_eoda&view=toponimia&Itemid=471&nonkodea=4.1&lang=fr Euskaltzaindia - Academy of the Basque language] (Basque)</ref>

{{Historical populations
| align = none
| cols = 2
| percentages = pagr
| source = EHESS<ref name=ehess>{{Cassini-Ehess|840|Anglet}}</ref> and INSEE<ref name=pophist>[https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/4515315?geo=COM-64024#ancre-POP_T1 Population en historique depuis 1968], INSEE</ref>
| graph-pos = bottom
|1793 |1748
|1800 |1811
|1806 |1984
|1821 |2213
|1831 |2588
|1836 |2944
|1841 |3016
|1846 |3312
|1851 |3223
|1856 |3350
|1861 |3605
|1866 |3780
|1872 |3886
|1876 |4116
|1881 |4425
|1886 |4839
|1891 |5115
|1896 |5382
|1901 |5679
|1906 |5694
|1911 |6627
|1921 |6833
|1926 |8233
|1931 |11467
|1936 |11320
|1946 |11601
|1954 |12603
|1962 |16150
|1968 |21190
|1975 |25245
|1982 |29821
|1990 |33041
|1999 |35263
|2007 |37934
|2012 |39223
|2017 |38929
}}

==Economy==
[[File:Forêt du Lazaret - souffre.JPG|thumb|View from the Lazaret Forest: in the foreground, the stock of sulphur from Sobegi for the terminal at the Port of Bayonne, but located in the commune of Anglet]]

Once oriented towards agriculture (the town is part of the [[Appellation d'origine contrôlée]] (AOC) zone designation of [[Ossau-iraty]]) and in particular vegetable crops, Anglet now has, thanks to its location within the Bayonne-Anglet-Biarritz urban area, a broader economic scope.<ref>[http://www.anglet.fr/ma-decouverte/anglet-en-chiffres/229-anglet-en-chiffres.html Anglet Town website - Economics page] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131120052658/http://www.anglet.fr/ma-decouverte/anglet-en-chiffres/229-anglet-en-chiffres.html |date=2013-11-20 }} {{in lang|fr}}</ref>

Anglet is associated with the cities of [[Bayonne]] and [[Biarritz]] with which it shares the administration of the [[Biarritz – Anglet – Bayonne Airport]].

Anglet is included in the control of the Port of Bayonne which also covers the communes of Bayonne and [[Boucau]] in the Pyrénées-Atlantiques and [[Tarnos]] in [[Landes (department)|Landes]].

Among local economic activities there are seaside tourism, [[Thalassotherapy]], sports (surfing and water-slides) and aerospace ([[Dassault Aviation]]).

The commune also hosts agri-food sector enterprises who are among the top fifty largest in the department:
*the Bayonnaise Des Viandes (meat production);<ref>{{cite web |title=Société Bayonnaise des Viandes - Accueil |url=https://www.bayonnaisedesviandes.fr/fr/ |website=www.bayonnaisedesviandes.fr}}</ref>
*SAS TDA (production and preserving of meat);
*Mandion SA (industrial production of fresh bread and pastry);
*the Société d'abattage du Pays basque ([[Abattoir]] Company of Basque Country) (production and preserving of meat);
*SARL Sonath (production of bakery products).
*BAB2 is a shopping centre located in Anglet, with a [[Carrefour]] [[hypermarket]] of 13,000 m2<ref>[http://www.guyenneetgascogne.fr/pdf/GetG_instit_2007_FR.pdf 2007 Report of the Guyenne and Gascogne Company] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081118213315/http://www.guyenneetgascogne.fr/pdf/GetG_instit_2007_FR.pdf |date=2008-11-18 }} {{in lang|fr}}</ref> surrounded by some 90 smaller shops. The Carrefour hypermarket is the largest hypermarket in [[Pyrénées-Atlantiques]] and the third largest in [[Aquitaine]] based on turnover. The magazine ''Surf Session'' is based in Anglet.

==Culture and heritage==
''Winds and Tides'' was a lively review of poetry in Anglet which was organised by Jeanne Monteil and Jean-Léopold Dumontier-Béroulet from 1976 to 1992.

===Languages===
Anglet and the neighbouring communes of [[Biarritz]] and [[Bayonne]] can be seen at different times and through different points of view as either [[Gascon language|Gascon]] or [[Basque language|Basque]]. The majority of people in this area spoke Gascon according to the ''Linguistic Atlas of Gascony (ALG) (1954-1966)'' and investigations on the limits of the Basque language by [[Lucien Bonaparte]] in 1863. At the same time some areas could be described as Basque (no doubt as a result of Basque campaigns in surrounding areas). Since the 20th century the French language has been the majority language.

===Civil heritage===
The commune has several buildings that are registered as historical monuments:
*The '''Town Hall''' (1935).{{Mérimée Icon}}<ref>Ministry of Culture, Mérimée {{Mérimée|EA64000003|EA00000003 Town Hall}} {{in lang|fr}}</ref> The town hall has two remarkable pieces of furniture:
**A Buffet by Christian Ortet (1937){{Palissy Icon}}<ref>Ministry of Culture, Palissy {{Palissy|PM64000897|PM64000897 Buffet}} {{in lang|fr}}</ref>
**A Table by Christian Ortet and Jean Lesquibe (1937){{Palissy Icon}}<ref>Ministry of Culture, Palissy {{Palissy|PM64000895|PM64000895 Table}} {{in lang|fr}}</ref>
*The '''Villa Arguia''' (1927){{Mérimée Icon}}<ref>Ministry of Culture, Mérimée {{Mérimée|EA64000002|EA00000002 Villa Arguia}} {{in lang|fr}}</ref>
*The '''Villa El Hogar''' (1924){{Mérimée Icon}}<ref>Ministry of Culture, Mérimée {{Mérimée|EA64000001|EA00000001 Villa El Hogar}} {{in lang|fr}}</ref>
*The '''Villa Gomez''', a former building for bridges and roads, has an item that is registered as a historical object:
**a Writing desk and Armchair (1938){{Palissy Icon}}<ref>Ministry of Culture, Palissy {{Palissy|PM64000754|PM64000754 Writing desk and armchair}} {{in lang|fr}}</ref>

Paul Campagne (1870-1941) and his wife Julienne Moussempès (1879-1956) were owners of the famous Hotel de l'Angleterre in Biarritz and in 1900 built a second home called "Marnoger" whose name comes from the names of their three children Marcel (1901-1918), Nora (1902-1956) and Roger (1905-1945) based on plans by architect Raymond Larrebat Tudor (1859-1943). This sumptuous house and its park renamed "Beatrix Enea" are part of the municipal heritage of Anglet which was acquired in 1985: the municipal city services are housed there.

===Architectural Heritage===
[[File:MAISON PLACE LAMOTHE ANGLET.JPG|thumb|Very old Anglet house called ''Maison Bearnes'' cited in ancient writings (1600)<ref>Architectural Memorial p.67, 3.3- Inventory of Heritage under Article L123- 1,7° of the code of Urbanism {{in lang|fr}}</ref>]]
[[File:Quartier Blanc-pignon ANGLET.JPG|thumb|Blanc-Pignon district - an example of popular architecture in Anglet]]

During the urbanization of the late 19th and early 20th century architecture in Anglet was dominated by a model which took as a reference a Labourd farm, typical of the Basque Country, modelled from Villa Arnaga to [[Cambo-les-Bains]]. This model was called Néobasque. This movement was very popular at the beginning of the 20th century. Another type of architecture, the "chalet" for permanent and popular housing in a commune where the population increased sharply and lost its original rural character. Its purpose was residential and had no connection with what was later called the vacation home.

The vacation home is found along the coast, between the Biarritz golf course and Anglet near Chiberta and Chambre d'Amour. These vacation homes had an architectural style called [[eclecticism]]. There is no model and each house is influenced by and mixes various styles. Some houses are Moorish style, some are Mediterranean, others Norman-style English, and some are unclassifiable. Neo-Basque challenged this style of architecture.

Around 1930, in the works of the Gomez brothers and architect William Marcel (see the works in the Paulmy Alleys in Bayonne), the model evolved into the "casa torre" which is typical of the neighbouring provinces of [[Navarre]] and of [[Gipuzkoa]]. The El Hogar home was of this style and was a milestone in the architecture of the time. The house was made for an old Béarn native who made his fortune in Chile and so had a high sensitivity to Hispanic architecture which inspired its architect. William Marcel also designed the new town hall in Anglet in the "New Spanish" style  where (1935) is clearly displayed. In 1950, the labourdine neo-Basque-type house still remains as the predominant model and reference for appreciating a building well integrated into its environment.<ref>''Anglet - Architecture archives of the Basque Coast'', Ballades architecturales, p. 60, El Hogar {{in lang|fr}}</ref>

===Religious heritage===
The city has seven churches: Saint-Michel, Holy Trinity, Saint-Léon, Saint-Bernadette, Our Lady of Refuge, Saint-Joseph, and Saint-Marie.

One wall of the former '''Dominican monastery of Couillioure'''{{Mérimée Icon}}<ref>Ministry of Culture, Mérimée {{Mérimée|PA00084310|PA00084310 Dominican Monastery of Couillioure}} {{in lang|fr}}</ref> was classified as an historic monument in 1928.

The '''Church of Notre-Dame-du-Refuge''' of the Congregation of the Servants of Mary contains one item that is registered as an historical object:
*Painting with frame: Father Cestac{{Palissy Icon}}<ref>Ministry of Culture, Palissy {{Palissy|PM64000495|PM64000495 Painting with frame: Father Cestac}} {{in lang|fr}}</ref>

There is also a worship hall for [[Mormons]] and a Kingdom Hall for [[Jehovah's Witnesses]] in the commune.

<gallery>
File:Anglet Saint Leon.jpg|The church of Saint-Léon
File:Chapelle Facade.jpg|Facade of the Chapel of Our Lady of Refuge
File:Eglise Sainte-Marie - ANGLET.JPG|Church Saint Mary (5 Cantons) - classified as a historical monument
File:Eglise Sainte-Marie Anglet (intérieur).JPG|Church Saint Mary interior - of Basque inspiration but in art-deco style
</gallery>

===Environmental heritage===
[[File:Anglet - Izadia 1.jpg|thumb|Izadia Park]]
[[File:Forêt Pignada - Anglet.JPG|thumb|right|The Pignada Forest]]
[[File:Bartsia trixago Monacia Corse.jpg|thumb|left|''Bellardie'']]

*The cave of the ''Chambre d'Amour'' is part of the heritage of the commune.
*The '''Izadia Ecological Park''' (literary root meaning "the being, the nature" in Basque) was inaugurated in November 2007 in the area of la Barre. It is an urban park of 14 hectares and is one of the last vestiges of a "dune environment" coastline. In this park, one of the ambitious project is the reinstatement of the original species and therefore the removal of endemic species, such as Pampa reeds to cite one example. It includes a lagoon, lakes of brackish water, an expanse of sedge marsh, and marine bulrushes. There are also more arid environments encountered such as heath and [[Helianthemum]] sand grass. 200 plant species have been identified. Among them there are 7 heritage species with national, regional or departmental protective statutes: ''Œillet de France'' ([[Dianthus]] gallicus) is protected at the national level; ''Bellardie'' ([[Bartsia]] trixago), Maritime [[Ruppia]], and [[Lotus (genus)|Lotus]] are protected at the regional level; and Glaux ([[Lysimachia]] maritima) and Clypéole ([[Clypeola (plant)|Clypeola]] jonthiaspi) is protected at departmental level. Finally, there is the iconic [[Centaurea]] with dense flowers for which the park is the only known location in France. More than 4700 birds were observed in 2012 of 103 different species. Among these species, 60 are protected including 16 classified in the red list of threatened birds species of France.<ref>[http://www.izadia.fr/ Izadia Ecological Park website] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150615211853/http://www.izadia.fr/ |date=2015-06-15 }} {{in lang|fr}}</ref>
*The '''Pignada''' is a forest of 220 hectares representing 10% of the city area. This is the largest green space in the Bayonne-Anglet-Biarritz agglomeration. The Anglet forestry domain is divided between various pine, pignada (the largest with more than 200 hectares), chiberta (a coastal pine forest which is now urbanized in an upscale subdivision between la Barre and Chambre d'Amour), and the Lazaretto (a pinewood between Blancpignon and Adour). The forest is popularly called the Chiberta Forest. It is an [[urban forest]] because it is surrounded on all sides by various suburban districts. It is mostly a pine forest mixed with [[cork oak]], [[fern]]s, and other [[Broom (plant)|broom]]. Until the early Middle Ages, the Anglet coastline resembled a sort of "no man's land": a sanded area of dunes and heath so pines were planted to reduce the spread of sand to the interior (planted from 1630 to 1640). Vineyards were once planted on these sands. [[Napoleon III]] revived the planting with a grant of 90,000 francs to plant 300 hectares of pine trees. At the beginning of the 20th century, it resembled the Landes mountains. It was exploited for the wood and resin.<ref>Municipal Journal No. 72 Dossier: The Pignada - green lungs of BAB {{in lang|fr}}</ref> Of the 450 hectares that had a pine forest in the last century and a half, there remains more than 220 hectares.
*'''Montaury Park''' is located south of the NR10, part of the heart of the city project, is an urban park next to the scientific campus of the [[University of Pau and Pays de l'Adour]]. There is exotic vegetation: [[rose]]s, [[hydrangea]]s, [[Arecaceae|palm]]s, and exotic [[fern]]s mixed with the existing vegetation of the park. Water is sprayed into basins with intermittent jets. There are children's games and walks.
*The '''Latchague Valley''' in Anglet. Landscaped retention ponds have been made to store rainwater from exceptional rainfall events which can occur each month, 10 years, or 30 years, and to regulate them. This park was created after the floods on the site in 2005. A little over 3 hectares, there is a landscaped path around the edge of the water from the Rue Latchague to the Rue Bahinos.

In its prize list of 2012, the National Council of Cities and Villages in Bloom of France awarded four flowers to the commune in the Contest of cities and villages in bloom.<ref>[http://www.cnvvf.fr/les_villes_et_villages_fleuris-47.html Towns and Villages in bloom website] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150626121128/http://www.cnvvf.fr/les_villes_et_villages_fleuris-47.html |date=2015-06-26 }}, consulted on 21 February 2013.</ref>

==Amenities==

===Education===
The town has<ref>[http://www.anglet.fr/mon-quotidien/enfance-et-jeunesse/107-petite-enfance.html Anglet town website - Children's page] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131215113049/http://www.anglet.fr/mon-quotidien/enfance-et-jeunesse/107-petite-enfance.html |date=2013-12-15 }} {{in lang|fr}}</ref> many public kindergartens (Camiade, Jules Ferry, Aristide Briand, Jean Jaurès, Evariste Galois, and Tivoli), two colleges (Endarra college and the private Stella Maris college), two schools (Technological School of Cantau and the Sainte-Anne school) and an [[ikastola]] (''Angeluko ikastola''). Furthermore, a Building Institute, an art school and a unit of the National Conservatory of Arts and Crafts are present in the commune.

Montaury Park hosts disciplines from the [[University of Pau and Pays de l'Adour]] such as those dealing with biology, physics, chemistry, logistics, and construction and public works.<ref>[http://www.anglet.fr/ma-decouverte/pole-d-enseignement-superieur/238-pole-d-enseignement-superieur/41-campus-scientifique-et-technologique-cote-basque.html Anglet Town website - Montaury university park page] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131215113203/http://www.anglet.fr/ma-decouverte/pole-d-enseignement-superieur/238-pole-d-enseignement-superieur/41-campus-scientifique-et-technologique-cote-basque.html |date=2013-12-15 }} {{in lang|fr}}</ref>

===Internet===
In 2010 the commune of Anglet was awarded the label "Internet City @@@@".

===Sports and sports facilities===
[[File:Chistera-ossature.jpg|thumb|Making a ''chistera'']]

*[[Aikido]]: the Aikido Dojo of Angloy<ref>[http://aikidomi.free.fr Dojo Angloy Aikido] {{in lang|fr}}</ref> is the 20th largest club in France in number of members with more than 560 active members;
*[[Basketball]]: the ACBB is a mixed club with the pennant team playing in the National 2 Championship of France;
*[[Equestrianism|Riding]]: the ''Equestrian club of the Basque coast''<ref>[http://www.chcotebasque.com Equestrian Club of the basque coast website] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220405103752/https://www.chcotebasque.com/ |date=2022-04-05 }} {{in lang|fr}}</ref> already had its 50th year in 2006 and is an association under the law of 1901. With almost 500 active members it is the second largest club in Aquitaine;
*[[Association football|Football]]: the ''[[Genêts d'Anglet]]'' play in the [[Championnat de France amateur|CFA]];
*[[Golf]]: The commune has two golf courses: the Chiberta Par 71 Course which provided a test of skills at qualifications for the [[Open de France]] in 2005; and the ''Golf du Phare'' which was created in 1888 and is located in the communes of Anglet and [[Biarritz]];
*[[Ice hockey]], [[figure skating]] and [[ice dancing]] at the rink of la Barre. The ice hockey team of [[Anglet Hormadi Élite]] competes in Division 1;
**[[Figure skating]]: the French Figure Skating championships in 1981 took place at the rink at la Barre for 3 events: men's singles, women's singles and artistic couples;
*[[Basque pelota]]: The commune hosts the Hardoytarrak club created by Gilen Zaldunbide. Facilities are: three walls at left (El Hogar, Orok, Les Cigales, and Orok Bat), a wall at left in the open (in the forest of Lazaretto), three free places (Haitz Péan, Hardoytarrak, and Orok Bat), three [[Basque trinquete|trinquet]]s (El Hogar, Haitz Péan (trinquet and board trinquet), Oroc Bat);
*[[Inline hockey]]: the ''Artzak d'Anglet'' won the silver medal in the European Cup in 2006 and 2010. They became champions of France in 2011;
*[[Rugby union]]: the ''Anglet Olympique'' advanced to the second federal division;
*[[Skateboarding]]: The town has a skatepark on the seafront (in front of the la Barre beach). It has an L-shaped curb and rounded on the inside, an area of {{convert|1.80|m|ft|2|abbr=off}} in height, a pyramid, a spine, a rail, a flat-bar, a double table (small {{convert|20|cm|in|abbr=off}} high, large around {{convert|20|cm|in|abbr=off}} high), and a triple spine (with a triangular top). It also includes three concreted hollows. The skatepark occupies a space approximately {{convert|200|m|ft|abbr=off}} long and about {{convert|50|m|ft|abbr=off}} wide;
*[[Surfing]] and board sports: the various beaches host many male and female international competitions. Anglet is a spot known around the world (the city hosted the board sports championship of France in the summer of 2005, the Quiksilver Air Show, the O'Neill Pro, the O'Neil Angel's Challenge, the KanaMissCup, the Coupe de France Open Bodyboard, the Wake n'Ski Tour, and the OP Royal Single Trophy. The Anglet Surf Club<ref>[http://www.angletsurf.org Anglet Surf Club] {{in lang|fr}}</ref> is the biggest club in France with over 1,200 members.

==Notable people==
*[[Léon Jean Larribau]] (1889–1916), rugby union player
*[[Lucien Lelong]] (1889–1958), fashion designer, died here
*[[Elvire De Greef]] (1897–1991), member of the [[Comet Line]] in World War II, lived here
*[[Janine de Greef]] (1925-2020), teenage [[Comet line]] guide in World War II.
*[[Clément Duhour]] (1912–1983), athlete, singer, actor, film director and producer
*[[José Miguel Beñaran Ordeñana]] (1949–1978), Basque militant and key figur of [[Euskadi ta Askatasuna|ETA]], killed here by the explosion of a bomb in his car
*[[Lyudmila Putina]] (born 1958), ex-wife of [[Vladimir Putin]], owns a villa here<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.occrp.org/en/investigations/6289-new-husband-of-putin-s-ex-wife-buys-posh-villa-in-south-of-france|title = New Husband of Putin's Ex-Wife Buys Posh Villa in South of France}}</ref>
*[[Guy Forget]] (born 1965), tennis player and captain of the French [[Davis Cup]] team

==See also==
*[[Communes of the Pyrénées-Atlantiques department]]

==External links==
*[http://www.anglet.fr/ Town of Anglet official site] {{in lang|fr}}
*[http://www.anglet-tourisme.com/ Official Tourist website for Anglet] {{in lang|fr}}
*[http://www.geoportail.gouv.fr/accueil?c=-1.5183,43.4850&z=7.92265E-5&l=GEOGRAPHICALGRIDSYSTEMS.MAPS.3D$GEOPORTAIL:OGC:WMTS@aggregate(1)&l=ADMINISTRATIVEUNITS.BOUNDARIES$GEOPORTAIL:OGC:WMTS(1)&permalink=yes Anglet on Géoportail], [[Institut géographique national|National Geographic Institute]] (IGN) website {{in lang|fr}}
*[http://rumsey.geogarage.com/maps/cassinige.html?lat=43.4850&lon=-1.5183&zoom=13 ''Anglet'' on the 1750 Cassini Map]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Commons category|Anglet}}
{{Lapurdi}}
{{Pyrénées-Atlantiques communes}}

{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Communes of Pyrénées-Atlantiques]]
[[Category:Labourd]]
[[Category:Seaside resorts in France]]