View source for Andrey II of Vladimir

{{Short description|Grand Prince of Vladimir (1222–1264)}}
{{family name hatnote|Yaroslavich||lang=Eastern Slavic}}
{{no footnotes|date=November 2018}}
[[File:Андрей II на ВЛадимирском престоле.png|thumbnail|The earliest surviving image of Andrew from the [[Illustrated Chronicle of Ivan the Terrible]] (16th century)]]

'''Andrey II Yaroslavich''' ({{langx|ru|Андрей Ярославич}}; {{circa|1222}} – 1264) was the third son of [[Yaroslav II of Vladimir|Yaroslav II]] who succeeded his uncle [[Sviatoslav III of Vladimir|Sviatoslav III]] as [[Grand Prince of Vladimir]] in 1249. Three years later, he challenged the Mongols and was ousted by them.

The house of [[Principality of Nizhny Novgorod-Suzdal|Nizhny Novgorod-Suzdal]], which has been known since the 14th century as the [[Shuysky|House of Shuysky]], descends from Andrey II.{{cn|date=May 2024}}

==Life==
=== Early 1240s campaigns === 
{{Further|1240 Izborsk and Pskov campaign#Novgorodian recapture}}
According to the ''[[Novgorod First Chronicle]]'' (NPL), the [[Novgorod]]ians expelled his brother [[Alexander Nevsky]] from the city in the winter of 1240–1241, and asked their father [[Yaroslav II of Vladimir|Yaroslav II]] to send them another commander.{{sfn|Isoaho|2006|p=76}} Andrey was sent to the wayward republic in Alexander's stead.{{sfn|Isoaho|2006|p=76}} In 1241, Andrey joined his Suzdalian forces with Alexander's, and they jointly [[1240 Izborsk and Pskov campaign#Novgorodian recapture|retook Pskov]], raided the Estonian (Chud') countryside, and saw action in the [[Battle on the Ice]].{{sfn|Isoaho|2006|p=76}}

=== Grand prince of Vladimir ({{circa}} 1248/9–1252) ===
Rus' chronicles preserve different versions of when and how Andrey became prince of Vladimir.{{sfn|Martin|2007|pp=176–178}} In one version, when their father Yaroslav Vsevolodovich died in 1247, Andrey and Alexander went to [[Karakorum]] in [[Mongolia]], where Andrey was appointed the next [[grand prince of Vladimir]] by ''[[jarlig]]'' of the great khan [[Güyük Khan|Güyük]].<ref>{{Cite EB1911|wstitle= Alexander Nevsky, Saint |volume= 1 |last= Bain |first= Robert Nisbet |author-link= Robert Nisbet Bain| page= 566 }}</ref> On their return to [[Vladimir, Russia|Vladimir]] two years later (1249),{{sfn|Martin|2007|p=178}} they found that the capital had been seized by their young brother [[Mikhail Khorobrit]].{{cn|date=May 2024}} The latter, however, was killed in battle with [[Lithuania]]ns several months later.{{cn|date=May 2024}} Another version of events has Andrey seize the throne of Vladimir from his uncle [[Sviatoslav III of Vladimir|Sviatoslav Vsevolodovich]] (who initially laterally succeeded their father in 1247) in 1248.{{sfn|Martin|2007|pp=176–178}}{{sfn|Isoaho|2006|pp=95–96}} A year later, his uncle Sviatoslav, offended by his ousting from Vladimir, went to the Horde to secure the throne for himself; how his trip ended is unknown, but he died in February 1253 without retrieving Vladimir.{{sfn|Martin|2007|p=178}}

In the winter of 1250–1251, some time after taking the throne of Vladimir, Andrey married Ustynia, a daughter of [[Danylo of Halych]],{{sfn|Martin|2007|p=168}}{{sfn|Isoaho|2006|p=96}} who had submitted to [[Batu Khan]] in 1245{{sfn|Martin|2007|p=xviii}} and was well-received in Sarai, but by 1251 appears to have attempted forming an anti-Mongol coalition.{{sfn|Martin|2007|p=168}}{{sfn|Isoaho|2006|p=96}} Aside from his marriage alliance with Andrey of Vladimir, the recently widowed Danylo himself married the niece of Lithuanian king [[Mindaugas]] in the same year.{{sfn|Martin|2007|p=168}} However, when great khan Güyuk also died in 1251, and Andrey was expected to go back to Sarai and receive a renewal of his jarlig as grand prince of Vladimir from Batu in the name the new great khan [[Möngke Khan|Möngke]], Andrey defiantly refused,{{sfn|Martin|2007|pp=168, 178}} even though his brother Alexander Nevsky complied.{{sfn|Martin|2007|p=178}} The Golden Horde interpreted his refusal as a challenge to Mongol authority, and Batu Khan's son Sartak ordered a [[punitive expedition]] against Vladimir, while another punitive campaign was sent against Danylo of Halych–Volyn.{{sfn|Martin|2007|pp=168, 178}} Andrey was defeated in battle (near Pereslavl'{{cn|date=May 2024}}) and fled via Novgorod to Sweden.{{sfn|Martin|2007|pp=168, 178}} With his brother Andrey exiled, Alexander Nevsky submitted to Möngke Khan, and as a reward for his loyalty to the Golden Horde, he received the throne of Vladimir from the Mongols (1252).{{sfn|Martin|2007|pp=168, 178, 181}}

Modern scholars have interpreted these events described in the earliest sources as showing a rivalry between brothers Andrey and Alexander, with Andrey trying to form an anti-Mongol alliance with Danylo, while Alexander was happy to 'collaborate with the Mongols against his own people.'{{sfn|Isoaho|2006|p=96}} The later hagiographic ''[[Life of Alexander Nevsky]]'' is almost completely silent on the relations of Andrey, Alexander and Yaroslav, limiting itself to a single sentence in which the Mongols launch a punitive expedition against Andrey, who escapes:{{sfn|Isoaho|2006|p=96}}
{{cquote|"Later [[Batu Khan|Tsar Baty]] became angry with Aleksandr’s younger brother, Andrey, and sent his general, Nevruy, to sack the land of Suzdal."{{sfn|Isoaho|2006|p=96}}}}

=== Prince of Suzdal ({{circa}} 1255/6–1264) ===
In 1255, Andrey returned from exile{{sfn|Martin|2007|p=178}} and travelled to [[Sarai (city)|Sarai]] to ask pardon for his former infidelity.{{cn|date=May 2024}} He received [[Suzdal]].{{sfn|Martin|2007|p=178}} On his return to Vladimir, he received from Alexander the easternmost lands of Vladimir, including the towns of [[Nizhny Novgorod]] and [[Gorodets, Nizhny Novgorod Oblast|Gorodets]] on the [[Volga]].{{cn|date=May 2024}} After Alexander died in 1263, Andrey aspired to add Vladimir to his possessions, but was thwarted in his designs by his younger brother [[Yaroslav of Tver]].{{cn|date=May 2024}}

==Family==
He married in 1250/51 to Ustynia, daughter of [[Daniel of Galicia]] and had issue:
* [[Yury of Suzdal|Yury]]
** [[Konstantin of Suzdal|Konstantin]]
*** [[Dmitri of Suzdal]]. His descendant of 8th generation was [[Tsar]] [[Vasily IV of Russia]].

==See also==
* [[Family tree of Russian monarchs]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

== Bibliography ==
* {{Cite book |last1=Isoaho |first1=Mari |authorlink1=Mari Isoaho |date=2006 |title=The Image of Aleksandr Nevskiy in Medieval Russia: Warrior and Saint |url=https://brill.com/display/title/12817 |location=Leiden |publisher=Brill |pages=428 |isbn=9789047409496 |access-date=13 December 2024}}
* {{cite book |title=Medieval Russia: 980–1584. Second Edition. E-book |last=Martin |first=Janet |url=https://www.ebooks.com/en-us/book/802816/medieval-russia-980-1584/janet-martin/ |year=2007 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |location=Cambridge |isbn=978-0-511-36800-4}}

{{S-start}}
{{s-hou|[[Yurievichi]]||1222||1264}}
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{{succession box|title=[[Grand Prince of Vladimir]]|before=[[Sviatoslav Vsevolodovich of Vladimir|Svyatoslav III]]||after=[[Alexander Nevsky]]|years=1249–1252}}
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{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Yaroslavich, Andrey II Of Vladimir}}
[[Category:1220s births]]
[[Category:1264 deaths]]
[[Category:Grand princes of Vladimir]]
[[Category:Yurievichi family]]
[[Category:13th-century princes from Kievan Rus']]
[[Category:Eastern Orthodox monarchs]]
[[Category:Princes of Suzdal]]