View source for Andrew Mountbatten-Windsor

{{Short description|Son of Elizabeth II (born 1960)}}
{{Redirect|Prince Andrew}}
{{pp-semi-indef|small=yes}}
{{Use British English|date=October 2025}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2025}}
{{Infobox person
| name               = Andrew Mountbatten-Windsor<!--See talk page regarding hyphenation of surname-->
| image              = Prince Andrew, Duke of York (cropped).jpg
| caption            = Andrew in 2013
| birth_name         = Prince Andrew
| birth_date         = {{Birth date and age|1960|2|19|df=yes}}
| birth_place        = [[Buckingham Palace]], London, England
| education          = {{ubl|[[Gordonstoun]]|[[Britannia Royal Naval College]]}}
| spouse             = {{marriage|[[Sarah Ferguson]]|23 July 1986|30 May 1996|reason=divorced}}
| children           = {{plainlist|
* [[Princess Beatrice]]
* [[Princess Eugenie]]}}
| father             = [[Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh]]
| mother             = [[Elizabeth II]]
| family             = [[House of Windsor]]
{{Infobox royalty
| embed         = yes
| full name    = Andrew Albert Christian Edward Mountbatten-Windsor<!--See talk page regarding hyphenation of surname, and please do not update the infobox without also updating the main article -->
}}
{{Infobox military person
| embed         = yes
| allegiance    = United Kingdom
| branch        = [[Royal Navy]]
| serviceyears  = 1979–2001
| serviceyears_label = Years of active service
| rank          = [[Commander (Royal Navy)|Commander]]
| servicenumber = <!-- Do not use data from primary sources such as service records -->
| unit          =
| commands      =
| battles_label =
| battles       = [[Falklands War]]
| awards        =
}}
| signature          = Signature of Prince Andrew, Duke of York.svg
}}
'''Andrew Albert Christian Edward Mountbatten-Windsor''' (born 19 February 1960), formerly '''Prince Andrew, Duke of York''', is the third child and second son of [[Queen Elizabeth II]] and [[Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh]], and a younger brother of [[King Charles III]]. Andrew was born second in the [[line of succession to the British throne]] and is eighth as of 2025.

Andrew served in the [[Royal Navy]] between 1979 and 2001 as a helicopter pilot and instructor and as the captain of a warship. During the [[Falklands War]] he flew on multiple missions including [[anti-surface warfare]], [[casualty evacuation]] and [[Exocet missile]] decoy. He married [[Sarah Ferguson]] in 1986, and was created [[Duke of York]] on [[Wedding of Prince Andrew and Sarah Ferguson|his wedding day]]. They had two daughters, [[Princess Beatrice]] and [[Princess Eugenie]], before they separated in 1992 and divorced in 1996. Andrew served as the UK's [[Special Representative for International Trade and Investment]] from 2001 to 2011, resigning amidst scrutiny over his expenses and associations with figures including the American child sex offender [[Jeffrey Epstein]] and [[Saif al-Islam Gaddafi]], who is wanted by the [[International Criminal Court investigation in Libya|International Criminal Court]] for [[crimes against humanity]]. He continued to undertake official duties on behalf of Elizabeth II until 2019.

In 2014 [[Virginia Giuffre]] alleged that, as a 17-year-old, she had been sex-trafficked in the United States to Andrew by Epstein and [[Ghislaine Maxwell]]; Maxwell was convicted of child sex trafficking in 2021. Andrew denied any wrongdoing, but amidst growing criticism of his association with Epstein and Maxwell he permanently stepped back from public roles in May 2020. Between August 2021 and February 2022 he was the defendant in [[Virginia Giuffre v. Prince Andrew|a civil lawsuit]] over sexual assault filed by Giuffre in the United States. It was settled out of court, and Andrew paid an undisclosed sum to Giuffre without admission of liability. In January 2022 Elizabeth II removed his honorary military affiliations and royal charitable patronages, and he ceased using the style "[[His Royal Highness]]".

In October 2025, amidst ongoing controversy surrounding Andrew's association with Epstein, "a formal process" to remove his style, titles and honours was initiated by Charles III. Andrew will also leave his home, [[Royal Lodge]], and relocate to a property on the [[Sandringham Estate]] in Norfolk.

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==Early life==
[[File:G House from the South Lawn on an Autumn Afternoon.jpg|thumb|[[Gordonstoun]] school in Scotland]]
[[File:Royal motorcade (8075978363).jpg|thumb|With his parents and brother Edward at the opening of the [[1978 Commonwealth Games]] in [[Edmonton]], [[Alberta]], Canada]]

During a 45-day tour of Canada in June and July 1959, [[Queen Elizabeth II]] discovered she was pregnant. The pregnancy was not disclosed to the public during the tour. After her return to London,<ref>Multiple sources:
*{{cite web |last1=Rezaei |first1=Asal |title=Historian recounts Queen Elizabeth II's 1959 visit to Chicago - CBS Chicago |url=https://www.cbsnews.com/chicago/news/historian-recounts-queen-elizabeth-iis-1959-visit-to-chicago |website=CBS News |access-date=25 July 2025 |date=8 September 2022}}
*{{cite web |title=Secrets, Morning Sickness and an Assassination Attempt: The Bumpy History of Royal Pregnancy |url=https://www.eonline.com/ca/news/980737/secrets-morning-sickness-and-an-assassination-attempt-the-bumpy-history-of-royal-pregnancy |website=E! Online |access-date=26 July 2025 |date=26 October 2018}}
*{{cite web |last1=Davison |first1=Janet |title=How royal pregnancy lost its privacy |url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/world/how-royal-pregnancy-lost-its-privacy-1.1159146 |website=CBC |access-date=26 July 2025 |date=4 December 2012}}</ref> [[Buckingham Palace]] indicated on 7 August that she was expecting a baby by announcing that she would not undertake further public engagements.<ref>{{cite news |date=8 August 1959 |title=Elizabeth II Is Expecting Third Child Next Winter |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1959/08/08/archives/elizabeth-ii-is-expecting-third-child-next-winter-queen-elizabeth.html |access-date=24 September 2025 |work=The New York Times}}</ref>

Andrew was born a [[British prince|prince]] in the Belgian Suite at Buckingham Palace on 19 February 1960 at 3:30{{nbsp}}pm,<ref>{{London Gazette |issue=41961 |date=20 February 1960 |page=1377 }}</ref> the third child and second son of Queen Elizabeth II and [[Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh]]. He was [[Christian name|christened]] Andrew Albert Christian Edward in the Music Room of the palace on 8 April 1960.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.rct.uk/collection/2153189/queen-elizabeth-ii-holding-an-infantnbspprince-andrew|title=Queen Elizabeth II holding an infant Prince Andrew|work=Royal Collection Trust|accessdate=17 December 2021|quote=The Queen's third child, Prince Andrew, was born on 19 February 1960 at Buckingham Palace, and was christened on 8 April.}}</ref>

Andrew was the first child born to a reigning British monarch since [[Princess Beatrice of the United Kingdom|Princess Beatrice]] in 1857.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-23272491|title=Royal Family tree and line of succession|publisher=BBC|date=4 September 2017|access-date=14 March 2018}}</ref> Like his siblings, [[Charles III|Charles]], [[Anne, Princess Royal|Anne]] and [[Prince Edward, Duke of Edinburgh|Edward]], Andrew was looked after by a [[governess]], who was responsible for his early education at Buckingham Palace.<ref name="BBC-2011b">{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-12663378|title=Prince Andrew: Envoy career plagued with controversy|publisher=BBC|date=21 July 2011|access-date=14 March 2018|quote=Educated by a governess, then at Heatherdown Prep School, Surrey, and Gordonstoun in Scotland}}</ref> He was sent to [[Heatherdown School]] near [[Ascot, Berkshire|Ascot]] in [[Berkshire]].<ref name="Barkham-2004b">{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/uk/2004/jul/09/freedomofinformation.monarchy|title=The Guardian profile: Prince Andrew|newspaper=The Guardian|first=Patrick|last=Barkham|date=9 July 2004|access-date=14 March 2018}}</ref> In September 1973 he entered [[Gordonstoun]] in [[Moray]], which his father and elder brother had also attended.<ref>{{cite news|title=Gordonstoun turns back clock to a golden age of cold showers (but would Prince Charles agree?)|date=28 April 2009|url=http://www.scotsman.com/news/education/gordonstoun-turns-back-clock-to-a-golden-age-of-cold-showers-but-would-prince-charles-agree-1-1036044|access-date=14 April 2016|work=The Scotsman}}</ref> He was nicknamed "the Sniggerer" by his schoolmates at Gordonstoun, because of "his penchant for off-colour jokes, at which he laughed inordinately".<ref>{{cite book |last1=Cawthorne |first1=Nigel |title=Prince Andrew: Epstein, Maxwell and the Palace |date=2021 |publisher=Gibson Square |isbn=9781783341771}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=New book claims Prince Andrew was 'obsessed' with pornography |url=https://www.nzherald.co.nz/lifestyle/new-book-claims-prince-andrew-was-obsessed-with-pornography/WK6QRQVMQLBHKR5SQHNTRXIGOQ/ |access-date=1 May 2022 |work=[[The New Zealand Herald]]}}</ref> While there, he spent six months – from January to June 1977 – participating in an exchange programme to [[Lakefield College School]] in Canada.<ref name="Barkham-2004b"/><ref name="DoY-Ed">{{cite web|url=https://thedukeofyork.org/about-the-duke/early-life-and-education/|title=Early Life & Education|date=26 October 2015|publisher=The Duke of York|access-date=14 March 2018}}</ref> He left Gordonstoun in July two years later with [[Advanced Level (UK)|A-levels]]<ref name="DoY-Ed"/> in English, history and economics.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.thetimes.com/uk/royal-family/article/the-life-and-times-of-prince-andrew-born-to-be-spare-hgq5h96rv|title=The life and times of Prince Andrew|date=25 November 2019|newspaper=[[The Times]]|location=London, England|url-access=subscription}}</ref>

==Naval military service==

===Training===
The [[Royal Households of the United Kingdom|Royal Household]] announced in November 1978 that Andrew would join the [[Royal Navy]] the following year. In December he underwent various sporting tests and examinations at the [[Officer and Aircrew Selection Centre|Aircrew Selection Centre]], at [[London Biggin Hill Airport|RAF Biggin Hill]], along with further tests and interviews at [[RNAS Lee-on-Solent (HMS Daedalus)|HMS ''Daedalus'']], and interviews at the [[Admiralty Interview Board]], {{HMS|Sultan|shore establishment|6}}. During March and April 1979 he was enrolled at the Royal Naval College Flight, undergoing pilot training, until he was accepted as a trainee helicopter pilot and signed on for 12 years from 11 May 1979. On 1 September of the same year, Andrew was appointed as a [[midshipman]], and entered [[Britannia Royal Naval College]], Dartmouth. During 1979 he also completed the [[Royal Marines]] [[All Arms Commando Course]] for which he received his [[Green beret|Green Beret]].<ref name=naval/> He was commissioned as a [[sub-lieutenant]] on 1 September 1981 and appointed to the Trained Strength on 22 October.<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=49322|supp=y|page=5304|date=19 April 1983}}</ref>

After [[Passing out (military)|passing out]] from Dartmouth, Andrew went on to elementary flying training with the [[Royal Air Force]] at [[RAF Leeming]], and later, basic flying training with the navy at [[RNAS Culdrose (HMS Seahawk)|HMS ''Seahawk'']], where he learned to fly the [[Aérospatiale Gazelle|Gazelle]] helicopter.<ref name=naval/> After being awarded his wings, he moved on to more advanced training on the [[Westland Sea King|Sea King]] helicopter, and conducted operational flying training until 1982. He joined [[820 Naval Air Squadron]] on the [[aircraft carrier]] {{HMS|Invincible|R05|6}}.<ref name=naval/>

===Falklands War===
On 2 April 1982 Argentina [[1982 invasion of the Falkland Islands|invaded the Falkland Islands]], a [[British Overseas Territory]] claimed by it, leading to the [[Falklands War]].<ref>{{cite book|first1=Charles|last1=Cawley|title=Colonies in Conflict: The History of the British Overseas Territories|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=TXnWCgAAQBAJ&dq=Argentina+invaded+the+Falkland+Islands,+a+British+overseas+territory+claimed+by+it+on+2+April+1982,+leading+to+the+Falklands+War&pg=PA202|publisher=Cambridge Scholars Publishing|date=2015|isbn=978-1-4438-8128-9|page=202}}</ref> ''Invincible'' was one of the two operational aircraft carriers available at the time, and, as such played a major role in the [[British naval forces in the Falklands War|Royal Navy task force]] assembled to sail south to retake the islands.<ref>{{cite book|first1=Glen|last1=O'Hara|title=Britain and the Sea: Since 1600|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FgwdBQAAQBAJ&dq=Hermes+invincible+task+force+available&pg=PA213|publisher=Macmillan International Higher Education|date=2010|isbn=978-1-137-07312-9|pages=213–214}}{{Dead link|date=March 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>

Andrew's place on board and the possibility of one of the Queen's sons being killed in action made the British government apprehensive, and the [[Cabinet of the United Kingdom|Cabinet]] desired that he be moved to a desk job for the duration of the conflict. The Queen, though, insisted that her son be allowed to remain with his ship.<ref>{{cite book|title=Queen Elizabeth II and the Royal Family: A Glorious Illustrated History|year= 2015 |publisher=[[DK (publisher)|DK Publishing]]|location=London|isbn=978-1465438003|page=217}}</ref> Andrew remained on board ''Invincible'' to serve as a Sea King helicopter co-pilot, flying on missions that included [[Anti-submarine warfare|anti-submarine]] and [[anti-surface warfare]], [[Exocet missile]] decoy, casualty evacuation, transport, and search and air rescue.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://en.mercopress.com/2001/06/12/prince-andrew-talks-of-his-dangerous-falklands-experiences|title =Prince Andrew Talks of His Dangerous Falklands Experiences|work=MercoPress|date=12 June 2001}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.upi.com/Archives/1982/06/19/Prince-Andrew-a-hero-of-the-Falklands-war/3976393307200/|title=Prince Andrew, a hero of the Falklands war|website=[[United Press International|UPI]]|date=19 June 1982}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.upi.com/Archives/1982/06/03/Helicopter-pilot-Prince-Andrew-is-flying-anti-submarine-patrols-in/4652391924800/|title=Helicopter pilot Prince Andrew is flying anti-submarine patrols in...|work=[[United Press International|UPI]]|date=3 June 1982}}</ref> He witnessed the Argentine attack on [[SS Atlantic Conveyor|SS ''Atlantic Conveyor'']].<ref>{{cite news|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=NPs9AAAAIBAJ&pg=4110,2766700|title=Prince Andrew talks of Falklands horror|work=Glasgow Herald|date=14 November 1983|page=2}}</ref>

At the end of the war, ''Invincible'' returned to [[Portsmouth]], where Elizabeth and Philip joined other families of the crew in welcoming the vessel home. According to historian [[Andrew Lownie]] the [[National Reorganization Process|Argentine military government]] planned, but ultimately did not attempt, to assassinate Andrew on [[Mustique]] in July 1982.<ref>{{cite news| title=Disgraced Prince Andrew faced two assassination plots, biographer claims|first=Aaron|last=Tinney | publisher=MSN | date=7 November 2025 | url=https://www.msn.com/en-gb/news/world/disgraced-prince-andrew-faced-two-assassination-plots-biographer-claims/ar-AA1KaCNI?apiversion=v2| access-date=7 November 2025}}</ref> Although he had brief assignments to {{HMS|Illustrious|R06|6}}, [[RNAS Culdrose (HMS Seahawk)|RNAS Culdrose]], and the [[School of Service Intelligence]], Andrew remained with ''Invincible'' until 1983. Commander [[Nigel Ward]]'s memoir, ''Sea Harrier Over the Falklands'', described Andrew as "an excellent pilot and a very promising officer."<ref>{{cite book|last1=Ward|first1=Sharky|title=Sea Harrier Over the Falklands|year=1993|publisher=[[Pen and Sword Books]]|location=Barnsley, South Yorkshire|isbn=978-0850523058|page=113|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Dt7RAwAAQBAJ |access-date=12 September 2016}}</ref>

===Career officer===
[[File:Prince Andrew and Leon E. Panetta.jpg|thumb|With the US [[United States Secretary of Defense|Secretary of Defense]] [[Leon Panetta]] commemorating the 100th anniversary of Naval Aviation at the [[National Building Museum]] in 2011]]

In late 1983 Andrew transferred to [[RNAS Portland]], and was trained to fly the [[Westland Lynx|Lynx]] helicopter.<ref name=naval/> On 1 February 1984 he was promoted to the rank of lieutenant,<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=49633|supp=y|page=1382|date=31 January 1984}}</ref> whereupon Elizabeth appointed him her [[personal aide-de-camp]].<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=49639|supp=y|page=1735|date=7 February 1984}}</ref> Andrew served aboard {{HMS|Brazen|F91|6}} as a flight pilot until 1986,<ref name=naval/> including deployment to the [[Mediterranean Sea]] as part of [[Standing NRF Maritime Group 2]]. He undertook the Lieutenants' [[Royal Naval College, Greenwich|Greenwich]] Staff course. On 23 October 1986 he transferred to the [[General List]], enrolled in a four-month helicopter warfare instructor's course at [[RNAS Yeovilton (HMS Heron)|RNAS Yeovilton]], and, upon graduation, served from February 1987 to April 1988 as a helicopter warfare officer in [[702 Naval Air Squadron]], [[RNAS Portland (HMS Osprey)|RNAS Portland]]. He also served on {{HMS|Edinburgh|D97|6}} as an [[Watchstanding|officer of the watch]] and Assistant Navigating Officer until 1989, including a six-month deployment to the Far East as part of exercise ''Outback 88''.<ref name=naval/>

Andrew served as flight commander and pilot of the Lynx HAS3 on {{HMS|Campbeltown|F86|6}} from 1989 to 1991. He also acted as force aviation officer to [[Standing NRF Maritime Group 1]] while ''Campbeltown'' was flagship of the [[NATO]] force in the [[Atlantic Ocean|North Atlantic]] from 1990 to 1991.<ref name=naval/> He passed the squadron command examination on 16 July 1991, attended the [[Staff College, Camberley]], the following year, and completed the Army Staff course. He was promoted to [[Lieutenant commander (Royal Navy)|lieutenant-commander]] on 1 February and passed the ship command examination on 12 March 1992. From 1993 to 1994 Andrew commanded the Hunt-class [[minehunter]] {{HMS|Cottesmore|M32|6}}.<ref name=naval/>

From 1995 to 1996 Andrew was posted as senior pilot of [[815 Naval Air Squadron]], then the largest flying unit in the [[Fleet Air Arm]]. His main responsibility was to supervise flying standards and to guarantee an effective operational capability.<ref name=naval/> He was promoted to [[Commander (Royal Navy)|commander]] on 27 April 1999,<ref name=naval/> finishing his active naval career at the [[Ministry of Defence (United Kingdom)|Ministry of Defence]] in 2001, as an officer of the Diplomatic Directorate of the Naval Staff.<ref name=naval/> In July of that year Andrew was retired from the [[List of active Royal Navy ships|Active List of the Navy]].<ref name=LG56295/> In 2004 he was made an honorary [[Captain (Royal Navy)|captain]],<ref name=LG57705/> promoted to [[Rear Admiral (Royal Navy)|rear admiral]] on his 50th birthday on 19 February 2010,<ref name=LG59341/> and to [[Vice Admiral (Royal Navy)|vice admiral]] in 2015.<ref name=LG61660/><ref>{{cite news|last=Low|first=Valentine|url=https://www.thetimes.co.uk/tto/news/uk/royalfamily/article4351422.ece|title=Queen makes Prince Andrew a vice-admiral|newspaper=[[The Times]]|location=London|date=12 February 2015|access-date=25 February 2015|url-access=subscription}}</ref>

==Personal life==

===Relationships===
====Before marriage====
In May 1978, the ''[[Evening Standard]]'' noted that Andrew had acquired the nickname "Randy Andy" ("[[wikt:randy|randy]]" being British slang for "sexually eager") while at [[Gordonstoun]], due to being romantically involved with several women.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Riley |first1=Ken |title=''In loco parentis'': A light-hearted look at the role of a Cambridge Tutor |date=7 April 2013 |publisher=[[Clare College, Cambridge]] |page=61 |url=https://www.clare.cam.ac.uk/sites/default/files/2024-03/In%20Loco%20Parentis%20%28A5%29.pdf |access-date=10 November 2025}}</ref> [[United Press International|UPI]] also confirmed this nickname, saying that before his naval career in 1979 he "seemed to be in training as a professional [[Playboy lifestyle|playboy]]".<ref>{{cite news |title=Prince Andrew given hero's welcome |url=https://www.upi.com/Archives/1982/09/17/Prince-Andrew-given-heros-welcome/1053401083200/ |access-date=10 November 2025 |work=[[United Press International]] |date=17 April 1982}}</ref>

Andrew met the American photographer and actress [[Koo Stark]] in February 1981, before his active service in the [[Falklands War]].<ref name="Battersby-2015"/><ref>{{cite book|first=Alastair|last=Burnet|author-link=Alastair Burnet|title=The ITN Book of the Royal Wedding|publisher=[[Michael O'Mara Books]]|location=London, England|date=1986|page=38|quote=The actress Miss Koo Stark was a regular girlfriend of Prince Andrew for several years.}}</ref> In October 1982, they took a holiday together on the island of [[Mustique]].<ref>{{cite book|first=Kim|last=McNamara|title=Paparazzi: Media Practices and Celebrity Culture|publisher=[[Polity (publisher)|Polity]]|location=Cambridge, England|date=2015|isbn=978-0745651743|page=29}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|first=Lady Colin|last=Campbell|author-link=Lady Colin Campbell|title=The Real Diana|publisher=[[Arcadia Publishing]]|location=Mount Pleasant, South Carolina|date=1998|asin=B01K562L9Q|page=161}}</ref> [[Tina Brown]] said that Stark was Andrew's only serious love interest.<ref name="Brown-2007">{{cite book|first=Tina|last=Brown|author-link=Tina Brown|title=The Diana Chronicles|publisher=[[Broadway Books]]|location=New York City|date=2007|isbn=978-0-7679-2309-5|page=228|title-link=The Diana Chronicles}}</ref> In 1983 they separated under pressure from the press and the palace.<ref name="Battersby-2015"/><ref name="Brown-2007"/> In 1997 Andrew became godfather to Stark's daughter.<ref>''[[Newsweek]]'', Volume 128 (1997), p. 76</ref> When Andrew was facing accusations in 2015 over his connection to [[Jeffrey Epstein]], Stark came to his defence.<ref name="Battersby-2015">{{cite web|first=Matilda|last=Battersby|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/news/koo-stark-speaks-out-to-help-rebut-prince-andrew-sex-slave-claims-10046948.html|title=Prince Andrew's ex Koo Stark speaks about their relationship for first time in 30 years|date=15 February 2015|work=[[The Independent]]|location=London, England|access-date=21 December 2016|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170121050247/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/news/koo-stark-speaks-out-to-help-rebut-prince-andrew-sex-slave-claims-10046948.html|archive-date=21 January 2017}}</ref>

====Marriage and children====
{{further|Wedding of Prince Andrew and Sarah Ferguson}}
[[File:The Duke and Duchess of York in Townsville, 1988.jpg|thumb|left|Andrew and Sarah in [[Townsville]], Australia, 1988]]
Andrew married [[Sarah Ferguson]] at [[Westminster Abbey]] on 23 July 1986. On the same day, Elizabeth created him [[Duke of York]], [[Earl of Inverness]] and [[Baron Killyleagh]];<ref>{{London Gazette |issue=50606 |date=23 July 1986 |page=1 |supp=y}}</ref> the first two of these titles were previously held by both his maternal grandfather, [[George VI]], and his great-grandfather [[George V]]. Andrew had known Ferguson since childhood; they had met occasionally at [[polo]] matches, and became reacquainted with each other at [[Royal Ascot]] in 1985.<ref name="DeYoung-1986">{{cite news|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/lifestyle/1986/07/22/fergie-bedlam-over-the-bride/e0ddc0f5-6a78-444b-be1b-19b4494acf64/|title=Fergie: Bedlam Over the Bride|newspaper=The Washington Post|first=Karen|last=DeYoung|date=22 July 1986|access-date=9 March 2018|url-access=subscription}}</ref>

The couple initially appeared to have a happy marriage and had two daughters together, [[Princess Beatrice|Beatrice]] and [[Princess Eugenie|Eugenie]], presenting a united outward appearance during the late 1980s. Sarah's personal qualities were seen as refreshing in the context of the formal protocol surrounding the royal family.<ref name="DeYoung-1986"/> Andrew's frequent travel due to his military career, as well as relentless, often critical, media attention on the Duchess of York, led to fractures in the marriage.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://abcnews.go.com/Entertainment/sarah-ferguson-reveals-road-recovery-documentary-oprah-winfrey/story?id=13780411|title=Sarah Ferguson Reveals Her Road to Recovery in Documentary on OWN, Oprah Winfrey Network|publisher=ABC News|first=Katie|last=Kindelan|date=11 May 2011|access-date=6 December 2020|quote=She moved with her prince into Buckingham Palace but two weeks into their marriage, Mountbatten-Windsor was sent to sea and she only saw him for 40 days a year for the first five years.}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/uk/2002/oct/27/monarchy.paulharris|title=Fergie: How food became my only friend|newspaper=The Guardian|first=Paul|last=Harris|date=26 October 2002|access-date=25 November 2020|quote=The ex-wife of Prince Andrew described how she struggled against obesity for most of her life and was devastated when tabloids dubbed her 'Duchess of Pork' and 'Fat Fergie'.}}</ref> On 19 March 1992 the couple announced plans to separate and did so in an amicable way.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/march/19/newsid_2543000/2543667.stm|title=1992: Fergie and Andrew split|publisher=BBC|access-date=15 March 2018|date=19 March 1992}}</ref> That August, [[Tabloid journalism|tabloid]] media outlets published pictures of businessman John Bryan sucking on Sarah's toes, which, in effect, ended any hopes of a reconciliation between Andrew and Ferguson. Ferguson had claimed throughout the separation that Bryan was her financial adviser, a claim that Andrew believed.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Elser |first1=Daniela |title=The toe-sucking photo that ruined the Duchess of York |url=https://www.news.com.au/entertainment/celebrity-life/royals/the-toesucking-photo-that-ruined-the-duchess-of-york/news-story/abd664af0ab8944a6e9cd4bdc1b57446 |website=news.com.au |access-date=19 June 2023 |date=29 July 2019}}</ref>

The marriage ended in divorce on 30 May 1996. Andrew spoke fondly of his former wife in 2008: "We have managed to work together to bring our children up in a way that few others have been able to and I am extremely grateful to be able to do that."<ref>{{Cite news| last=Castle| first=Stephen| title=From Prince Andrew, critical words for U.S. on Iraq| newspaper=The New York Times| date=4 February 2008| url=https://www.nytimes.com/2008/02/04/world/americas/04iht-andrew.4.9735778.html | url-access=limited}}</ref>

[[File:Prince Andrew and Princess Eugenie.JPG|thumb|Andrew and his daughter Eugenie riding in the carriage procession at [[Trooping the Colour]], 16 June 2012]]
In May 2010 Ferguson was filmed by a ''[[News of the World]]'' reporter saying Andrew had agreed that if she were to receive £500,000, he would meet the donor and pass on useful top-level business contacts. She was filmed receiving, in cash, US$40,000 as a down-payment. The paper said that Andrew did not know of the arrangement.<ref>{{cite news|title=Duchess of York 'wanted cash for Prince Andrew access'|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk/8699139.stm|work=BBC News |access-date=7 July 2011|date=23 May 2010|quote=The paper says the prince - a UK trade envoy - knew nothing about the deal}}</ref> In July 2011, Ferguson stated that her multi-million-pound debts had been cleared due to the intervention of her former husband, whom she compared to a "knight on a white charger".<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/theroyalfamily/8658857/Duchess-of-York-clears-debts-thanks-to-knight-on-white-charger-Andrew.html |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220110/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/theroyalfamily/8658857/Duchess-of-York-clears-debts-thanks-to-knight-on-white-charger-Andrew.html |archive-date=10 January 2022 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live|title=Duchess of York clears debts thanks to 'knight on white charger' Andrew|author=Collins, Nick|date=25 July 2011|work=The Daily Telegraph|location=London|access-date=15 December 2013}}{{cbignore}}</ref>

In 2011 Ferguson said that she had made a "gigantic error of judgement" in allowing Epstein to pay off a debt for her, and apologised for accepting money from him. She did, however, continue to defend Andrew's controversial former friendship with Epstein.<ref>{{Cite web |date=12 April 2012 |title=Duchess of York apologises for 'gigantic error of judgement' over debt |url=https://www.standard.co.uk/hp/front/duchess-of-york-apologises-for-gigantic-error-of-judgement-over-debt-6574623.html |access-date=19 February 2023 |website=Evening Standard |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=16 February 2022 |title=Prince Andrew: Where does he get his money from? |language=en-GB |work=BBC News |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-60401663 |access-date=19 February 2023}}</ref> It later emerged that following her public statement she had sent an email to Epstein in which she referred to him as "a steadfast, generous and supreme friend".<ref>{{cite news |last=Coughlan |first=Sean |date=21 September 2025 |title=Sarah Ferguson dropped from multiple charities over Epstein email |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/cddmr6v0jpzo |access-date=22 September 2025 |work=BBC News}}</ref>

====Post-divorce====
In 1999, Andrew was briefly in a relationship with [[Lady Victoria Hervey]], who has since made controversial statements of support.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/home-news/lady-victoria-hervey-prince-andrew-who-b2006663.html|title=Lady Victoria Hervey: Prince Andrew's former girlfriend in profile|work=The Independent|first=Laurie|last=Churchman|date=15 February 2022|access-date=1 May 2025}}</ref>

===Residences===
As Andrew and Ferguson shared custody of their two daughters, the family continued to live at [[Sunninghill Park]] (built near [[Windsor Great Park]] for the couple in 1990) until Andrew moved to the [[Royal Lodge]] in 2004. In 2007 Ferguson moved into Dolphin House in [[Englefield Green]], less than a mile from the Royal Lodge.<ref name="Borland-2008">{{Cite web|last=Borland|first=Sophie|date=30 January 2008|title=Scented candle starts fire at Fergie's home |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/1576995/Scented-candle-starts-fire-at-Fergies-home.html |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220110/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/1576995/Scented-candle-starts-fire-at-Fergies-home.html |archive-date=10 January 2022 |url-access=subscription|url-status=live|access-date=21 September 2021|website=The Daily Telegraph}}{{cbignore}}</ref> In 2008 a fire at Dolphin House<ref name="Borland-2008" /> resulted in Ferguson moving into Royal Lodge, again sharing a house with Andrew.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.independent.ie/world-news/europe/fergie-and-andrew-will-definitely-remarry-friends-say-29525971.html|title=Fergie and Andrew will definitely remarry, friends say|work=Irish Independent|via=Telegraph|date=25 August 2013|accessdate=21 September 2021}}</ref> As of 2025 they were still cohabiting there.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Bickerstaff |first=Isaac |date=3 April 2024 |title=Will Prince Andrew and Sarah Ferguson ever remarry? |url=https://www.tatler.com/article/prince-andrew-sarah-ferguson-wedding-speculation-surprise-appearance |access-date=3 June 2024 |work=[[Tatler]]}}</ref> Andrew's lease of Royal Lodge was for 75 years, with the [[Crown Estate]] as landlord, at a cost of a single £1 million premium and a commitment to spend £7.5 million on refurbishment.<ref>National Audit Office report, 2005. [https://www.nao.org.uk/report/the-crown-estate-property-leases-with-the-royal-family/ "The Crown Estate – Property Leases with the Royal Family"].</ref> In March 2023 it was reported that Andrew had been offered [[Frogmore Cottage]] after his nephew [[Prince Harry]] was requested to vacate the residence.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://people.com/royals/meghan-markle-prince-harry-requested-vacate-frogmore-cottage-uk-home/|title=Meghan Markle and Prince Harry Told 'to Vacate' Their U.K. Home, Frogmore Cottage|work=People|first=Stephanie|last=Petit|date=1 March 2023|accessdate=1 March 2023}}</ref> The offer came amid reports that Andrew could no longer afford the Royal Lodge's running costs as he was about to lose his annual grant.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-64812549|title=Harry and Meghan residence Frogmore Cottage offered to Andrew - reports|website= BBC News|date=1 March 2023|access-date=1 March 2023}}</ref> In October 2025, it was reported that Andrew paid a [[Peppercorn (law)|peppercorn rent]] for the lease of the Royal Lodge in return for upfront payments of £8.5 million and that the legal agreement stipulated he and his family were entitled to live in the property until 2078.<ref>{{cite web | last=Witherow | first=Tom | title=Prince Andrew has not paid rent on Royal Lodge for two decades | website=The Times and The Sunday Times | date=21 October 2025 | url=https://www.thetimes.com/uk/royal-family/article/prince-andrew-rent-free-windsor-mansion-rbrgfjkrr | access-date=21 October 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | last=Ross | first=Alex | title=Prince Andrew has paid no rent on Royal Lodge for more than 20 years | website=The Independent | date=21 October 2025 | url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/home-news/prince-andrew-royal-lodge-windsor-giuffre-b2848964.html | access-date=21 October 2025}}</ref> Later that month, Buckingham Palace announced that formal notice had been served to surrender the lease, and Andrew would move to alternative private accommodation on the [[Sandringham House|Sandringham Estate]].<ref name="Nanji-2025">{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/cr7m4yjkp74o|title=Andrew stripped of 'prince' title and will move out of Royal Lodge|work=BBC News|first=Noor|last=Nanji|date=30 October 2025|access-date=30 October 2025}}</ref>

Andrew is a keen [[Skiing|skier]] and in 2014 bought a [[chalet|skiing chalet]] in [[Verbier]], Switzerland, for £13 million jointly with his ex-wife.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-30759303|title=Prince Andrew and Sarah Ferguson buy luxury chalet|work=BBC News|date=10 January 2015|accessdate=28 January 2022}}</ref> In May 2020, it was reported that they were in a legal dispute over the mortgage.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2020/may/08/prince-andrew-to-face-legal-case-over-reported-5m-ski-chalet-debt|title=Prince Andrew to face legal case over reported £5m ski chalet debt|newspaper=The Guardian|date=7 May 2020|access-date=9 May 2020}}</ref> To purchase the chalet, they secured a loan of £13.25 million and were expected to pay £5 million in cash instalments which, after applying interest, amounted to £6.8 million.<ref name="Bodkin-2022">{{cite web|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/royal-family/2022/08/07/sarah-fergusons-5m-mayfair-mews-purchase-outrages-chalet-owner/|title=Sarah Ferguson's £5m Mayfair mews purchase 'outrages' chalet owner burned by the Yorks|work=The Telegraph|first=Henry|last=Bodkin|date=7 August 2022|accessdate=8 August 2022|url-access=subscription}}</ref> Despite claims that the Queen would help pay, a spokesperson for Andrew confirmed that she "will not be stepping in to settle the debt".<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.thetimes.com/world/europe/article/queen-will-not-pick-up-andrews-chalet-debt-zpphcdvmk?region=global%2Cglobal|title=Queen will not pick up chalet debt, says Prince Andrew|work=[[The Times]]|first=Nadeem|last=Badshah|date=1 June 2020|access-date=1 June 2020|url-access=subscription}}</ref> ''[[The Times]]'' reported in September 2021 that Andrew and Ferguson had reached a legal agreement with the property's previous owner and would sell the house.<ref>{{cite magazine|url=https://www.vanityfair.com/style/2021/09/prince-andrew-and-sarah-ferguson-ski-chalet-sale|title=Prince Andrew and Sarah Ferguson Have Solved One Big Financial Woe|magazine=Vanity Fair|first1=Katie|last1=Nicholl|first2=Erin|last2=Vanderhoof|date=28 September 2021|accessdate=28 September 2021}}</ref> The owner agreed to receive £3.4&nbsp;million, half of the amount that she was owed, as she had been under the impression that Andrew and Ferguson were dealing with financial troubles.<ref name="Bodkin-2022"/> The money from selling the property is reportedly to be used to pay Andrew's legal expenses over the [[#Civil lawsuit|civil lawsuit]] as well.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/home-news/prince-andrew-trial-swiss-chalet-b1988575.html|title=Prince Andrew 'rushing through sale of £17m Swiss chalet' as legal bills spiral|work=[[The Independent]]|first=Chiara|last=Giordano|date=7 January 2022|accessdate=9 January 2022}}</ref> In June 2022 it was reported in ''[[Le Temps]]'', a Swiss newspaper, that the chalet has been frozen because of a £1.6&nbsp;million debt Andrew owes unnamed people. Law professor Nicolas Jeandin told ''Le Temps'' "A sale is in principle impossible, except with the agreement of the creditor."<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.geo.tv/latest/421845-prince-andrew-branded-absolute-fool-over-16-million-swiss-debt|title=Prince Andrew branded 'absolute fool' over £1.6 million Swiss debt|work=Geo TV|date=11 June 2022|accessdate=11 June 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/royal-family/2022/06/10/absolute-fool-prince-andrew-embroiled-another-debt-battle-time/|title='Absolute fool': Prince Andrew embroiled in another debt battle, this time over £1.6m|work=The Telegraph|first=Victoria|last=Ward|date=11 June 2022|accessdate=11 June 2022|url-access=subscription}}</ref>

===Health===
On 2 June 2022 Andrew tested positive for [[COVID-19]], and it was announced that he would not be present at the [[Platinum Jubilee National Service of Thanksgiving]] at [[St Paul's Cathedral]] on 3 June.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://news.sky.com/story/prince-andrew-tests-positive-for-covid-buckingham-palace-says-12626242|title=Prince Andrew tests positive for COVID, Buckingham Palace says|work=Sky News|first=Amar|last=Mehta|date=2 June 2022|accessdate=2 June 2022}}</ref> Andrew is a [[teetotaller]].<ref>{{cite news|last=Adams|first=Guy|title=Prince Andrew: The playboy prince|date=9 December 2006|work=[[The Independent]]|access-date=18 March 2024|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/profiles/prince-andrew-the-playboy-prince-427707.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100507003658/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/profiles/prince-andrew-the-playboy-prince-427707.html|archive-date=7 May 2010}}</ref>

===Interests===
Andrew is a keen golfer and has had a low single-figure [[Handicap (golf)|handicap]].<ref>''Royal'', by Robert Lacey, 2002.</ref> He was captain of [[the Royal and Ancient Golf Club of St Andrews]] between 2003 and 2004 – during the club's 250th anniversary season – was patron of a number of royal golf clubs, and had been elected as an honorary member of many others. In 2004, he was criticised by [[Labour Co-op]] MP [[Ian Davidson (British politician)|Ian Davidson]], who in a letter to the [[National Audit Office (United Kingdom)|NAO]] questioned Andrew's decision to fly to St Andrews on RAF planes for two golfing trips.<ref name="Barkham-2004a">{{cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/uk/2004/jul/09/freedomofinformation.monarchy|title=The Guardian profile: Prince Andrew|work=The Guardian|first=Patrick|last=Barkham|date=9 July 2004|accessdate=5 February 2022}}</ref> Andrew resigned his honorary membership of the Royal and Ancient Golf Club of St Andrews when the Queen removed royal patronages at several golf clubs.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-60170912|title=Prince Andrew gives up honorary membership at prestigious golf club|work=BBC|first=Sean|last=Coughlan|date=28 January 2022|accessdate=28 January 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2022/jan/28/relief-as-prince-andrew-relinquishes-membership-of-royal-ancient-club|title=Relief as Prince Andrew relinquishes membership of Royal & Ancient Club|work=[[The Guardian]]|first=Ewan|last=Murray|date=28 January 2022|accessdate=28 January 2022}}</ref> His honorary membership of the [[Royal Dornoch Golf Club]] was revoked in the following month.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.geo.tv/latest/401681-new-humiliation-for-prince-andrew-as-his-membership-of-royal-golf-club-revoked|title='New humiliation' for Prince Andrew as his membership of royal golf club revoked|work=Geo TV|date=26 February 2022|accessdate=1 March 2022}}</ref>

==Charitable work==
===Patronages===
[[File:Dmitry Medvedev in Yuzhno-Sakhalink 18 February 2009-2.jpg|thumb|left|Andrew, Russian president [[Dmitry Medvedev]] and Japanese prime minister [[Tarō Asō]] visit the [[Sakhalin-II]] oil and gas project in the [[Russian Far East]], 2009]]
Andrew was [[Patronage|patron]] of the Middle East Association (MEA), the UK's premier organisation for promoting trade and good relations with the Middle East, North Africa, Turkey and Iran.<ref>{{cite web|title=The Middle East Association|url=http://www.english.globalarabnetwork.com/Organization-Profile/the-middle-east-association-london.html|work=Global Arab Network|access-date=7 January 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090803174139/http://www.english.globalarabnetwork.com/Organization-Profile/the-middle-east-association-london.html|archive-date=3 August 2009}}</ref> After his role as [[Special Representative for International Trade and Investment]] ended, Andrew continued to support UK enterprise without a special role. [[Robert Jobson]] said he did this work well and wrote, "He is particularly passionate when dealing with young start-up entrepreneurs and bringing them together with successful businesses at networking and showcasing events. Andrew is direct and to the point, and his methods seem to work".<ref>{{cite web|url=https://edition.cnn.com/2015/01/23/opinion/prince-andrew-point/|title=What's the point of Prince Andrew?|author=Robert Jobson|date=23 January 2015|work=CNN|access-date=19 April 2016}}</ref>
He was also patron of [[Fight for Sight (UK)|Fight for Sight]], a charity dedicated to research into the prevention and treatment of blindness and eye disease,<ref>[http://fightforsight.org.uk/324/articles/president-1327 "Message from the Royal Patron"] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150204054251/http://fightforsight.org.uk/324/articles/president-1327 |date=4 February 2015 }}, Fight for Sight, accessed 4 February 2015</ref> and was a member of [[the Scout Association]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Royal Support for the Scouting and Guiding Movements |publisher=Official Website of the British Monarchy |url=http://www.royal.gov.uk/output/Page5951.asp |access-date=25 July 2008 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090124230434/http://www.royal.gov.uk/output/Page5951.asp |archive-date=24 January 2009 }}</ref> He toured Canada frequently to undertake duties related to his Canadian military role. Rick Peters, the former commanding officer of [[the Royal Highland Fusiliers of Canada]] stated that Andrew was "very well informed on Canadian military methods".<ref>Hurst, Jeff; [http://www.cambridgetimes.ca/cam/news/news_777717.html "Princely plans for Andrew"], ''Cambridge Times'' (Canada), 1 May 2007. {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071016200458/http://www.cambridgetimes.ca/cam/news/news_777717.html |date=16 October 2007 }}</ref> He became the patron of the charity Attend<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.attend.org.uk/about-us/people-we-honour-0/attend-vips|title=Attend VIPs|access-date=19 April 2016}}</ref> in 2003, and was a member of the International Advisory Board of the [[Royal United Services Institute]].

On 3 September 2012 Andrew was among a team of 40 people who abseiled down [[The Shard]] (tallest building in Europe) to raise money for educational charities the [[Outward Bound Trust]] and the Royal Marines Charitable Trust Fund.<ref>{{cite news|title=Prince Andrew rappels down U.K. building for charity|url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/world/prince-andrew-rappels-down-u-k-building-for-charity-1.1295400|work=CBC News|date=3 September 2012|access-date=7 September 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Prince Andrew descends Europe's tallest building|url=http://www.cbsnews.com/video/watch/?id=7420354n|work=cbsnews|date=3 September 2012|access-date=7 September 2012}}</ref> He lent his support to organisations that focus on science and technology by becoming the patron of [[Catalyst Inc]] and [[TeenTech]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.gov.uk/government/news/duke-of-york-visits-northern-ireland-science-park|title=Duke of York visits Northern Ireland Science Park|publisher=Gov.uk|date=29 January 2013|access-date=26 May 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.belfasttelegraph.co.uk/business/news/prince-andrew-launches-tech-park-offices-35138211.html|title=Prince Andrew launches tech park offices|newspaper=Belfast Telegraph|first=John|last=Mulgrew|date=18 October 2016|access-date=26 May 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.teentech.com/teentechbuckingham-palace/|title=TeenTech@Buckingham Palace|publisher=TeenTech|first=Maggie|last=Philbin|date=12 November 2017|access-date=26 May 2018|archive-date=26 May 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180526191120/http://www.teentech.com/teentechbuckingham-palace/|url-status=dead}}</ref> In 2014 Andrew visited [[Geneva]], Switzerland, to promote British science at [[CERN]]'s 60th anniversary celebrations.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.gov.uk/government/news/visit-of-his-royal-highness-the-duke-of-york-kg-to-geneva-switzerland-on-29-september-2014|title=Visit of His Royal Highness, The Duke of York, KG to Geneva, Switzerland|publisher=Gov.uk|date=1 September 2014|access-date=26 May 2018}}</ref>

[[Image:Duke of York - World Economic Forum on the Middle East 2008.jpg|thumb|Andrew in his role as the UK's Special Representative for International Trade and Investment at the [[World Economic Forum]] on the Middle East, 2008]]

In 2013 it was announced that Andrew was becoming the patron of [[London Metropolitan University]]<ref>{{cite news|title=By Royal Appointment: London Met welcomes new Patron|url=https://www.londonmet.ac.uk/news/news-stories/university-news-2013/university-news-june/by-royal-appointment-/|publisher=London Metropolitan University|date=3 June 2013}}</ref> and the [[University of Huddersfield]].<ref>{{cite news|title=Duke of York becomes University Patron|url=http://www.hud.ac.uk/business/news/dukeofyorkbecomesuniversitypatron.php|publisher=University of Huddersfield|date=2 July 2013|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150122054810/http://www.hud.ac.uk/business/news/dukeofyorkbecomesuniversitypatron.php|archive-date=22 January 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.itv.com/news/calendar/2013-07-02/the-duke-of-york-to-be-patron-of-the-university-of-huddersfield/|title=The Duke of York to be Patron of the University of Huddersfield|publisher=ITV News|date=2 July 2013}}</ref> In July 2015, he was installed as Chancellor of the University of Huddersfield.<ref name="Huddersfield">{{cite news|title=HRH The Duke of York installed as University Chancellor|url=http://www.hud.ac.uk/news/2015/july/hrhthedukeofyorkinstalledasuniversitychancellor.php|publisher=University of Huddersfield|access-date=15 July 2015|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150714171752/http://www.hud.ac.uk/news/2015/july/hrhthedukeofyorkinstalledasuniversitychancellor.php|archive-date=14 July 2015}}</ref> In recognition of Andrew's promotion of entrepreneurship he was elected to an Honorary Fellowship at [[Hughes Hall]] in the [[University of Cambridge]] on 1 May 2018.<ref name="Hughes">{{cite web|url=https://www.hughes.cam.ac.uk/hrh-thedukeofyork-010518/|title=Hughes Hall appoints the Duke of York as an Honorary Fellow and HRH opens Gresham Court|date=1 May 2018|access-date=1 May 2018|archive-date=5 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210505180023/https://www.hughes.cam.ac.uk/hrh-thedukeofyork-010518/|url-status=dead}}</ref> On 19 November 2019 the [[National Union of Students (United Kingdom)|Students' Union]] of the University of Huddersfield passed a motion to lobby Andrew to resign as its chancellor, as London Metropolitan University was considering Andrew's role as its patron.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.itv.com/news/2019-11-19/huddersfield-university-students-vote-for-prince-andrew-to-quit-as-chancellor/|title=Huddersfield and London Met universities reviewing Prince Andrew's role following interview|website=ITV News|date=19 November 2019}}</ref> On 21 November Andrew relinquished his role as Chancellor of the University of Huddersfield.<ref>{{cite web|url= https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-england-leeds-50507521|title=Prince Andrew quits as University of Huddersfield chancellor|publisher=BBC News|date=21 November 2019|access-date=15 January 2020}}</ref>

In March 2019 Andrew took over the patronage of the [[Outward Bound]] Trust from his father, the Duke of Edinburgh, serving up until his own resignation in November 2019.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://news.sky.com/story/prince-andrew-could-be-handed-a-subpoena-to-face-epstein-questions-11866392|title=Prince Andrew could be handed a summons to face Epstein questions|website=Sky News|access-date=29 November 2019}}</ref> Andrew had held the position of chairman of the board of trustees of the organisation since 1999.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/royal-family/2019/03/12/prince-philip-passes-outward-bound-trust-patronage-prince-andrew/ |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220110/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/royal-family/2019/03/12/prince-philip-passes-outward-bound-trust-patronage-prince-andrew/ |archive-date=10 January 2022 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live|title=Prince Philip passes Outward Bound Trust patronage to Prince Andrew after interviewing him for the job|newspaper=The Telegraph|first=Hannah|last=Furness|date=12 March 2019|access-date=12 March 2019}}{{cbignore}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.outwardbound.org.uk/about-us/the-duke-of-york,-kg/|title=The Duke of York, KG|publisher=The Outward Bound Trust|access-date=26 May 2018|archive-date=26 May 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180526191155/https://www.outwardbound.org.uk/about-us/the-duke-of-york,-kg/|url-status=dead}}</ref> In May 2019 it was announced that Andrew had succeeded [[Lord Carrington]] as patron of the Royal Fine Art Commission Trust.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.architectsjournal.co.uk/news/prince-andrew-takes-design-champion-role/10042571.article|title=Prince Andrew takes design champion role|publisher=Architects Journal|first=Greg|last=Pitcher|date=15 May 2019|access-date=16 May 2019}}</ref>

On 13 January 2022 it was announced that his royal patronages had been handed back to the Queen to be distributed among other members of the royal family.<ref name="BBC News-2022a">{{Cite news |date=13 January 2022 |title=Prince Andrew loses military titles and patronages |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-59987935 |access-date=13 January 2022 |work=BBC News |language=en-GB}}</ref> In January 2023 it was reported that King Charles III had agreed to let Andrew pursue some business interests.<ref name="Ward-2023">{{cite web|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/royal-family/2023/01/21/late-queen-gave-prince-andrew-blessing-use-hrh-title/|title=Late Queen gave Prince Andrew blessing to use HRH title|work=The Telegraph|first=Victoria|last=Ward|date=21 January 2023|accessdate=21 January 2023|url-access=subscription}}</ref>

In July 2025 the philanthropy adviser Giving Evidence published research on the impact of Andrew's charity patronages prior to his retirement from public duties on the charities' incomes. The study found that the revenues at approximately half of the 35 registered charities in England of which Andrew had been the sole royal patron rose after Andrew's patronage ended, falling for the other half. Researchers then compared the 35 charities with others in the country, and found "no material differences in revenue patterns when Andrew's patronages ceased". That and earlier studies supported the conclusion that having a royal patron did not help charities.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.civilsociety.co.uk/news/prince-andrew-patronages-did-not-benefit-charities-incomes-research-finds.html#sthash.5C85WDua.dpuf|title=Prince Andrew's patronages did not benefit charities' incomes, research finds|last=Moss|first=Emily|date=15 July 2025|work=Civil Society|accessdate=15 July 2025}}</ref>

===Initiatives===
[[File:Hillary Rodham Clinton Prince Andrew Chatham House Prize 2013 Award Ceremony (10224154325).jpg|thumb|[[Hillary Clinton]] being presented with the 2013 [[Chatham House Prize]] by Andrew]]
[[File:President Trump at St. James's Palace (48000863521).jpg|thumb|With US President [[Donald Trump]] leaving [[Clarence House]] in London on 4 June 2019]]
While touring India as a part of the [[Diamond Jubilee of Elizabeth II|Queen's Diamond Jubilee]] in 2012,<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/the_queens_diamond_jubilee/8955326/Royal-family-global-tour-to-mark-Diamond-Jubilee.html |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220110/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/the_queens_diamond_jubilee/8955326/Royal-family-global-tour-to-mark-Diamond-Jubilee.html |archive-date=10 January 2022 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live|title=Royal family global tour to mark Diamond Jubilee|newspaper=The Daily Telegraph|date=14 December 2011|access-date=26 May 2018}}{{cbignore}}</ref> Andrew became interested in the work of Women's Interlink Foundation (WIF), a charity which helps women acquire skills to earn income. He and his family later initiated Key to Freedom, a project which tries to "find a route to market for products made by WIF".<ref>{{cite magazine|url=https://people.com/royals/prince-andrew-and-ex-wife-fergie-come-together-for-a-fashionable-cause/|title=Prince Andrew and Ex-Wife Fergie Come Together for a Fashionable Cause: 'It Is About Family Unity'|magazine=People|first=Simon|last=Perry|date=28 July 2015|access-date=26 May 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://keytofreedom.org/|title=Key to Freedom|publisher=Key to Freedom|access-date=26 May 2018}}</ref>

In 2014 Andrew founded the Pitch@Palace initiative<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.royal.uk/duke-york-and-pitchpalace|title=The Duke of York and Pitch@Palace|author=Emma Goodey|date=4 April 2016|work=The Royal Family|access-date=1 November 2017}}</ref> to support entrepreneurs with the amplification and acceleration of their business ideas. Entrepreneurs selected for Pitch@Palace Bootcamp were officially invited by Andrew<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.nickhatter.com/single-post/2015/03/19/How-to-get-a-royal-invitation|title=How to get a royal invitation|website=Nick Hatter – Life Coach in London|access-date=1 November 2017}}</ref> to attend [[St James's Palace]] in order to pitch their ideas and to be connected with potential investors, mentors and business contacts.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://pitchatpalace.com/what-is-pitch-at-the-palace/|title=What is Pitch@Palace?|date=1 June 2017|work=Pitch@Palace|access-date=1 November 2017|archive-date=7 November 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171107065048/http://pitchatpalace.com/what-is-pitch-at-the-palace/|url-status=dead}}</ref> In May 2018 he visited China and opened the Pitch@Palace China Bootcamp 2.0 at [[Peking University]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.royal.uk/duke-york-visits-china-2018|title=The Duke of York visits China 2018|publisher=The Royal Family|date=1 June 2018|access-date=2 November 2018}}</ref> On 18 November 2019 accountancy firm [[KPMG]] announced it would not be renewing its sponsorship of Andrew's entrepreneurial scheme Pitch@Palace,<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2019/nov/18/kpmg-ends-its-backing-for-prince-andrews-mentorship-scheme|title=KPMG ends its backing for Prince Andrew's mentorship scheme|first1=Haroon|last1=Siddique|first2=Anugraha|last2=Sundaravelu|date=18 November 2019|newspaper=The Guardian}}</ref> and on 19 November [[Standard Chartered]] also withdrew its support.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2019/nov/19/prince-andrew-student-body-calls-for-royal-to-step-down-huddersfield-university-as-chancellor|title=Prince Andrew mentor scheme at risk as firms withdraw support|first1=Ben|last1=Quinn|first2=Jim|last2=Waterson|first3=Jedidajah|last3=Otte|date=19 November 2019|newspaper=The Guardian}}</ref> In November 2025, Pitch@Palace Global entered the dissolution process, initiated by its director, following the winding-up of its UK arm in 2021.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2025/nov/11/mountbatten-windsor-applies-to-shut-down-business-interests|title=Andrew Mountbatten Windsor applies to shut down business interests|work=The Guardian|first=Nadeem|last=Badshah|date=11 November 2025|access-date=13 November 2025}}</ref>

Andrew founded The Prince Andrew Charitable Trust which aimed to support young people in different areas such as education and training.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://beta.charitycommission.gov.uk/charity-details/?regid=290140&subid=0|title=The Prince Andrew Charitable Trust|publisher=Public register for charities (BETA)|access-date=26 May 2018}}</ref> In May 2020 it was reported that the Prince Andrew Charitable Trust was under investigation by the [[Charity Commission for England and Wales|Charity Commission]] regarding some regulatory issues about £350,000 of payments to his former private secretary Amanda Thirsk.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.thetimes.com/uk/royal-family/article/prince-andrew-charitable-trust-to-be-wound-up-amid-charity-commission-investigation-qz6pzkx2z|title=Prince Andrew Charitable Trust to be wound up amid Charity Commission investigation|work=The Sunday Times|first=Roya|last=Nikkhah|date=10 May 2020|access-date=10 May 2020|url-access=subscription}}</ref> He also founded a number of awards including Inspiring Digital Enterprise Award (iDEA), a programme to develop the digital and enterprise skills,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.hud.ac.uk/news/interviews/dukeofyorksinspiringdigitalenterpriseawards/|title=Duke of York's Inspiring Digital Enterprise Awards|publisher=University of Huddersfield|access-date=26 May 2018|archive-date=27 May 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180527023020/https://www.hud.ac.uk/news/interviews/dukeofyorksinspiringdigitalenterpriseawards/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.wigan.gov.uk/Council/Digital-Wigan/iDEA.aspx|title=iDEA|publisher=Wigan Council|access-date=26 May 2018}}</ref> the Duke of York Award for Technical Education, given to talented young people in technical education,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.utchub.com/the-duke-of-york-award/|title=The Duke of York Award|publisher=The University Technical College Network|access-date=26 May 2018|archive-date=26 May 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180526191140/https://www.utchub.com/the-duke-of-york-award/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.educate.co.uk/duke-york-award-technical-education-educates-involvement/|title=The Duke of York Award for Technical Education: Educate's involvement|publisher=Educate School Services Ltd|date=7 July 2015|access-date=26 May 2018|archive-date=27 May 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180527022855/https://www.educate.co.uk/duke-york-award-technical-education-educates-involvement/|url-status=dead}}</ref> and the Duke of York Young Entrepreneur Award, which recognised talents of young people in entrepreneurship.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.york.ac.uk/news-and-events/news/2016/business/duke-of-york-entrepreneur/|title=York graduate awarded Duke of York Young Entrepreneur Award|publisher=The University of York|date=27 April 2016|access-date=26 May 2018}}</ref> Andrew was also involved with the private limited company the Duke of York's Community Initiative (known as the Yorkshire Foundation between 2005 and 2011) and with a charity of similar name, which operated to support voluntary organisations in Yorkshire and were dissolved in 2023 and 2024, respectively.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk/company/05476536|title=The Duke of York's Community Initiative|work=GOV.UK|access-date=15 October 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://register-of-charities.charitycommission.gov.uk/en/charity-search/-/charity-details/4030342/charity-overview?_uk_gov_ccew_onereg_charitydetails_web_portlet_CharityDetailsPortlet_organisationNumber=4030342|title=The Duke of York's Community Initiative|work=Charity Commission for England and Wales|access-date=15 October 2025}}</ref>

==Trade and commercial activities==
===Special Representative for International Trade and Investment===
[[File:Ilham Aliyev met with Duke of York of the Great Britain, Prince Andrew.jpg|thumb|With Azerbaijani president [[Ilham Aliyev]], 2011]]
From 2001 to July 2011 Andrew worked with [[UK Trade & Investment]], part of the [[Department for Business, Innovation and Skills]], as the United Kingdom's [[Special Representative for International Trade and Investment]].<ref>[https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-14235330 "Prince Andrew to stand down as UK trade envoy"], BBC News, 21 July 2011</ref> The post, previously held by [[Prince Edward, Duke of Kent]], involved representing and promoting the UK at various trade fairs and conferences around the world.<ref name="BBC-2011b"/> His suitability for the role was challenged in the [[House of Commons of the United Kingdom|House of Commons]] by Shadow Justice Minister [[Chris Bryant]] in February 2011, at the time of the [[2011 Libyan civil war]], on the grounds that he was "not only a very close friend of [[Saif al-Islam Gaddafi]], but also&nbsp;... a close friend of the convicted Libyan gun smuggler Tarek Kaituni".<ref>[https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-politics-12604190 "Duke of York must lose trade job, says Labour MP"], BBC News, 1 March 2011.</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Libyan gun smuggler was at Princess Eugenie's royal wedding |url=https://www.thetimes.com/uk/society/article/libyan-gun-smuggler-at-royal-wedding-tbtmgsnxb |work=[[The Times]] |date=15 October 2018 |url-access=subscription}}</ref> Further problems arose as he hosted a lunch for [[Sakher El Materi]], a member of the corrupt Tunisian regime, at Buckingham Palace around the time of the [[Tunisian Revolution]].<ref name="BBC-2011a">{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-12663378|title=Prince Andrew: Envoy career plagued with controversy|publisher=BBC|date=21 July 2011|access-date=5 March 2021}}</ref> Andrew also formed a friendship with [[Ilham Aliyev]], the president of Azerbaijan who has been criticised for corruption and for abuses of human rights by [[Amnesty International]], and visited him both during and after his tenure as the UK trade envoy. As of November 2014, Andrew had met Aliyev, on 12 occasions.<ref>{{cite news |last=Armitage |first=Jim |date=12 November 2014 |title=Duke of York to meet Azeri despot Ilham Aliyev for 12th time |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/business/news/duke-of-york-to-meet-azeri-despot-ilham-aliyev-for-12th-time-9857222.html |newspaper=The Independent |location=London |access-date=29 November 2014 }}</ref> The controversies, together with his ties to Epstein, made him step down from the role in 2011.<ref name="BBC-2011a"/>

Andrew did not receive a salary from the UK Trade & Investment for his role as Special Representative, but he went on expenses-paid delegations and was alleged to have occasionally used trips paid for by the government for his personal leisure, which earned him the nickname "Airmiles Andy" by the press.<ref name="BBC-2011a" /> On 8 March 2011 ''[[The Daily Telegraph]]'' reported: "In 2010, the Prince spent £620,000 as a trade envoy, including £154,000 on hotels, food and hospitality and £465,000 on travel."<ref>{{cite news|first=Steven|last=Swinford|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/theroyalfamily/8364871/Duke-of-York-costs-taxpayers-15m.html |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220110/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/theroyalfamily/8364871/Duke-of-York-costs-taxpayers-15m.html |archive-date=10 January 2022 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live|title=Duke of York costs taxpayers £15m|newspaper=The Daily Telegraph|location=London|date=7 March 2011|access-date=8 March 2011}}{{cbignore}}</ref>

====Alleged comments on corruption and Kazakhstan====
As the United Kingdom's Special Trade Representative, Andrew travelled the world to promote British businesses. It was revealed in the [[United States diplomatic cables leak]] that Andrew had been reported on by [[Tatiana Gfoeller]], the [[United States Ambassador to Kyrgyzstan]], discussing bribery in Kyrgyzstan and the investigation into the [[Al-Yamamah arms deal]]. Andrew, she explained, "was referencing an investigation, subsequently closed, into alleged kickbacks a senior Saudi royal had received in exchange for the multi-year, lucrative [[BAE Systems]] contract to provide equipment and training to Saudi security forces."<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.theatlantic.com/international/archive/2010/11/cablegate-chronicles-prince-andrew-on-these-expletive-journalists/67383/|title=Cablegate Chronicles: Prince Andrew on 'These (Expletive) Journalists'|magazine=[[The Atlantic]]|date=29 November 2010|access-date=11 August 2019}}</ref> The dispatch continued: "His mother's subjects seated around the table roared their approval. He then went on to 'these (expletive) journalists, especially from [[The Guardian|the National Guardian]] {{sic}}, who poke their noses everywhere' and (presumably) make it harder for British businessmen to do business. The crowd practically clapped!"<ref name="Leigh-2010">{{cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/uk/2010/nov/29/wikileaks-cables-rude-prince-andrew|title=WikiLeaks cables: 'Rude' Prince Andrew shocks US ambassador|newspaper=The Guardian|first1=David|last1=Leigh|first2=Heather|last2=Brooke|first3=Rob|last3=Evans|date=29 November 2010|access-date=11 August 2019}}</ref>

In May 2008, he attended a goose-hunt in Kazakhstan with President [[Nursultan Nazarbayev]].<ref>{{Cite news|last1=Foggo|first1=Daniel|first2=Steven| last2=Swinford|first3=Anna|last3=Mikhailova|title=Prince Andrew, his £15m home and the Kazakhstan connection|newspaper=[[The Times]]| date=27 July 2008|location=London|url=http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/uk/article4407240.ece|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080904234122/http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/uk/article4407240.ece|archive-date=4 September 2008|quote=On one of his most recent visits, in May, he [Prince Andrew] is understood to have spent a weekend on a goose-shooting excursion with Nursultan Nazarbayev, the president of Kazakhstan. ... Timur Kulibayev, 41, is a billionaire oil and gas tycoon who is known to Andrew, not least through their attendance at hunting parties thrown by Nazarbayev. ... Kulibayev has also been busy inviting VIPs, reportedly including the prince, to regular hunting meets hosted by the Kazakh president.}}</ref> In 2010, it was revealed that the President's billionaire son-in-law [[Timur Kulibayev]] paid Andrew's representatives £15 million – £3 million over the asking price – via offshore companies, for Andrew's [[Surrey]] mansion, [[Sunninghill Park]]. Kulibayev frequently appears in US [[diplomatic cable]]s as one of the men who have accumulated millions in gas-rich Kazakhstan.<ref name="Leigh-2010" /> It was later revealed that Andrew's office tried to get a crown estate property close to [[Kensington Palace]] for Kulibayev at that time.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2016/jul/03/prince-andrew-broker-crown-property-kazakh-oligarch|title=Prince Andrew tried to broker crown property deal for Kazakh oligarch|work=The Guardian|first=Robert|last=Booth|date=3 July 2016|accessdate=1 July 2022}}</ref>

In May 2012, it was reported that Swiss and Italian police investigating "a network of personal and business relationships" allegedly used for "international corruption" were looking at the activities of Enviro Pacific Investments which charges "multi-million pound fees" to energy companies wishing to deal with Kazakhstan.<ref name="Lewis-2012">{{cite news|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/theroyalfamily/9291896/Money-laundering-probe-puts-spotlight-on-the-15-million-sale-of-the-Duke-of-Yorks-home.html |title=Money laundering probe puts spotlight on the £15 million sale of the Duke of York's home |author=Lewis, Jason |work=The Sunday Telegraph|location=London |date=26 May 2012 |access-date=26 May 2012 |url-status=dead |url-access=subscription |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120526222822/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/theroyalfamily/9291896/Money-laundering-probe-puts-spotlight-on-the-15-million-sale-of-the-Duke-of-Yorks-home.html |archive-date=26 May 2012 }}</ref> The trust is believed to have paid £6 million towards the purchase of Sunninghill which now appears derelict.<ref name="Lewis-2012" /> In response, a Palace spokesman said "This was a private sale between two trusts. There was never any impropriety on the part of The Duke of York".<ref name="Lewis-2012" />

[[Libby Purves]] wrote in ''[[The Times]]'' in January 2015: "Prince Andrew dazzles easily when confronted with immense wealth and apparent power. He has fallen for 'friendships' with bad, corrupt and clever men, not only in the US but in Libya, Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, Tunisia, wherever."<ref name="Greenslade-2015"/>

In May 2016, a fresh controversy broke out when the ''Daily Mail'' alleged that Andrew had brokered a deal to assist a Greek and Swiss consortium in securing a £385-million contract to build water and sewerage networks in two of Kazakhstan's largest cities, while working as British trade envoy, and had stood to gain a £4-million payment in commission. The newspaper published an email from Andrew to Kazakh oligarch Kenges Rakishev, (who had allegedly brokered the sale of the his Berkshire mansion Sunninghill Park), and said that Rakishev had arranged meetings for the consortium. After initially saying the email was a forgery, Buckingham Palace sought to block its publication as a privacy breach.<ref name="Sawer-2016">{{cite news|last=Sawer|first=Patrick |title=Prince Andrew brokered £385m deal with Kazakh regime while working as British trade envoy|work=[[The Daily Telegraph]]|date= 21 May 2016|url= https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2016/05/20/duke-brokered-385m-for-corrupt-regime-while-working-as-british-t/ |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220110/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2016/05/20/duke-brokered-385m-for-corrupt-regime-while-working-as-british-t/ |archive-date=10 January 2022 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live}}{{cbignore}}</ref> The Palace denied the allegation that Andrew had acted as a "fixer" calling the article "untrue, defamatory and a breach of the editor's code of conduct".<ref name="Sawer-2016" />

A former Foreign Office minister, MP [[Chris Bryant]] stated: "When I was at the Foreign Office it was very difficult to see in whose interests he [Andrew] was acting. He doesn't exactly add lustre to the Royal diadem".<ref name="Sawer-2016" />

====Arms sales====
In March 2011 Kaye Stearman of the [[Campaign Against the Arms Trade]] told [[Channel 4 News]] that CAAT sees Andrew as part of a bigger problem: "He is the front man for [[UK Trade & Investment|UKTI]]. Our concerns are not just Prince Andrew, it's the whole UKTI set up. They see arms as just another commodity but it has completely disproportionate resources. At the London office of UKTI the arms sector has more staff than all the others put together. We are concerned that Prince Andrew is used to sell arms, and where you sell arms it is likely to be to despotic regimes. He is the cheerleader in chief for the arms industry, shaking hands and paving the way for the salesmen."<ref>[http://www.channel4.com/news/prince-andrew-cheerleader-in-chief-for-the-arms-industry "Prince Andrew: 'Cheerleader in chief for the arms industry'"]. Channel 4 News. 10 March 2011.</ref>

In January 2014 Andrew took part in a delegation to Bahrain, a close ally of the United Kingdom. Andrew Smith, a spokesman for CAAT, said, "We are calling on Prince Andrew and the UK government to stop selling arms to Bahrain. By endorsing the [[Human rights in Bahrain|Bahraini dictatorship]] Prince Andrew is giving his implicit support to their oppressive practices. When our government sells arms it is giving moral and practical support to an illegitimate and authoritarian regime and directly supporting their systematic crackdown on opposition groups. (...) We shouldn't allow our international image to be used as a PR tool for the violent and oppressive dictatorship in Bahrain."<ref>[https://www.caat.org.uk/media/press-releases/2014-01-15 "Campaigners call for UK to halt arms exports to Bahrain as Prince Andrew joins sales drive"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150119003303/https://www.caat.org.uk/media/press-releases/2014-01-15 |date=19 January 2015 }}. Campaign Against Arms Trade. 15 January 2014.</ref> Smith has also said, "The prince has consistently used his position to promote arms sales and boost some of the most unpleasant governments in the world, his arms sales haven't just given military support to corrupt and repressive regimes. They've lent those regimes political and international legitimacy."<ref>{{cite web|url=https://america.aljazeera.com/articles/2015/1/17/prince-andrew-britainelites.html|title=What Scandal Involving Prince Andrew Says – Al Jazeera America|access-date=19 April 2016}}</ref>

====Allegations of government coverup====
Official documents covering Andrew's business trips between 2001 and 2011 will not be released by the [[Foreign, Commonwealth and Development Office|Foreign Office]] until 2065.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/life-style/royal-family/prince-andrew-files-royal-family-b2404639.html|title=Prince Andrew files to remain secret until 2065|work=The Independent|first=Alexander|last=Butler|date=4 September 2023|accessdate=5 September 2023}}</ref> This is part of what has been claimed to be a concerted Government coverup to prevent Andrew's activities being publicly known, even when national security was potentially compromised.<ref>[Prince Andrew Is Just Another Example Of A Long History Of Collusion, Dorset Eye, 14 December 2024; https://dorseteye.com/prince-andrew-is-just-another-example-of-a-long-history-of-collusion-royal-family-establishment-collusion-government/]</ref>

===Promotion of Banque Havilland===
In November 2020 and following reviews of emails, internal documents, and unreported regulatory filings as well as interviews with 10 former bank insiders, ''[[Bloomberg Businessweek]]'' reported on Andrew using his royal cachet and role as trade envoy for helping [[David Rowland (property developer)|David Rowland]] and his private bank, [[Banque Havilland]], with securing deals with clients around the world.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/features/2020-11-19/prince-andrew-helped-david-rowland-and-banque-havilland-woo-sketchy-clients|title=Prince Andrew Helped a Secretive Luxembourg Bank Woo Sketchy Clients|work=Bloomberg Businessweek|first1=Gavin|last1=Finch|first2=Harry|last2=Wilson|date=19 November 2020|accessdate=26 October 2021}}</ref> The Rowland family are among the investment advisers to Andrew,<ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.ft.com/content/b97cea16-ad05-11e7-beba-5521c713abf4 |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221210/https://www.ft.com/content/b97cea16-ad05-11e7-beba-5521c713abf4 |archive-date=10 December 2022 | title=Former Conservative party treasurer wins Luxembourg bank case | date=9 October 2017 | accessdate=30 April 2019 | last=Croft | first=Jane | newspaper=[[Financial Times]] | url-access=subscription}}</ref> and he was present for the official opening ceremony of their bank in July 2009.<ref>{{cite web|title=Ouverture officielle Banque Havilland en présence de S. A. R le Duc d'York K. G. | trans-title = Official Opening of Banque Havilland in the presence of HRH the Duke of York, KG | url= https://paperjam.lu/article/communique-ouverture-officielle-banque-havilland-en-presence-de-sar-le-duc-dyork-kg |website=Paperjam.lu|accessdate=15 February 2017}}</ref> It has been alleged that Banque Havilland sought to service dictators and kleptocrats.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/features/2020-11-19/prince-andrew-helped-david-rowland-and-banque-havilland-woo-sketchy-clients|title=Prince Andrew Helped a Secretive Luxembourg Bank Woo Sketchy Clients|work=Bloomberg Businessweek|first1=Gavin|last1=Finch|first2=Harry|last2=Wilson|date=19 November 2020|accessdate=26 October 2021}}</ref>

In 2021 [[Bloomberg News]] reported that a firm connected to David Rowland had been paying off Andrew's debts.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2021/nov/16/prince-andrews-15m-loan-paid-off-by-firms-linked-to-tory-donor-report|title=Prince Andrew's £1.5m loan paid off by firms linked to Tory donor – report|date=16 November 2021|accessdate=24 November 2021|website=The Guardian|first=Heather|last=Stewart}}</ref> In November 2017 Andrew borrowed £250,000 from Banque Havilland, adding to an existing £1.25&nbsp;million loan that had been "extended or increased 10 times" since 2015.<ref name="Wilson-2021">{{cite web|url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2021-11-16/prince-andrew-s-2-million-loan-paid-off-by-top-political-donor|title=Prince Andrew's £1.5 Million Loan Paid Off by Top Political Donor|work=Bloomberg Businessweek|first1=Harry|last1=Wilson|first2=Gavin|last2=Finch|date=16 November 2021|accessdate=3 February 2022}}</ref> Documents showed that while "credibility of the applicant" had been questioned, he was given the loan in an attempt to "further business potential with the Royal Family".<ref name="Wilson-2021"/> 11 days later and in December 2017, £1.5&nbsp;million was transferred from an account at Albany Reserves, which was controlled by the Rowland family, to Andrew's account at Banque Havilland, paying off the loan that was due in March 2018.<ref name="Wilson-2021"/>

===Relationship with alleged Chinese spy===
{{Further|Chinese espionage in the United Kingdom}}
In December 2024 it was reported that Andrew had invited [[Chris Yang]], a Chinese businessman who was initially given the name "H6" in legal documents, to events at royal residences. Yang was given permission by a royal aide, Dominic Hampshire, to act on Andrew's behalf when dealing with potential investors in China. Yang was barred from entry to the United Kingdom in 2023 due to alleged engagement in "covert and deceptive activity" on behalf of the [[Chinese Communist Party]]. Andrew ceased all contact with Yang following government concerns.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2024/dec/13/prince-andrew-confidant-loses-appeal-on-uk-ban-over-national-security|title=Prince Andrew 'confidant' loses appeal on UK ban over national security|date=13 December 2024|work=[[The Guardian]]|accessdate=14 December 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.thetimes.com/uk/royal-family/article/prince-andrew-invited-chinese-spy-buckingham-palace-qqpgsvvg6|archive-url=https://archive.today/20241213212842/https://www.thetimes.com/uk/royal-family/article/prince-andrew-invited-chinese-spy-buckingham-palace-qqpgsvvg6|title=Prince Andrew invited 'Chinese spy' into Buckingham Palace|date=13 December 2024|work=[[The Times]]|accessdate=14 December 2024|archivedate=13 December 2024}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=16 December 2024 |title=Sir Keir Starmer defends China policy after spy scandal |url=https://uk.news.yahoo.com/identifying-chinese-spy-alleged-links-073500309.html |access-date=16 December 2024 |website=Yahoo News |language=en-GB}}</ref> According to a report by ''The Telegraph'' in 2025, Andrew was deemed a potential national security risk by UK intelligence agencies due to his repeated meetings and close relationship with Yang, with concerns dating back to 2021 that his vulnerability and access could be exploited, raising alarms at the highest levels of government.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/royal-family/2025/10/20/prince-andrew-deemed-threat-by-security-services/|title=Prince Andrew deemed a threat by security services|work=The Telegraph|first1=Gordon|last1=Rayner|first2=Ben|last2=Riley-Smith|date=20 October 2025|access-date=21 October 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251021054240/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/royal-family/2025/10/20/prince-andrew-deemed-threat-by-security-services/|archive-date=21 October 2025|url-status=live|url-access=subscription}}</ref>

In 2025 it was reported that in 2018 in London and in 2018 and 2019 in Beijing Andrew had met with [[Cai Qi]], who went on to become the [[20th Secretariat of the Chinese Communist Party|first-ranked member]] of the [[Secretariat of the Chinese Communist Party]] (CCP) and ''de facto'' [[chief of staff]] to CCP General Secretary [[Xi Jinping]].<ref name="Gooch-2025">{{cite news|url=https://www.the-independent.com/news/uk/home-news/prince-andrew-cai-qi-china-spies-meeting-b2847222.html|title=Prince Andrew 'met China spymaster at least three times'|work=The Independent|first=Bryony|last=Gooch|date=17 October 2025|access-date=21 October 2025}}</ref> Cai had been suspected of receiving sensitive information from British nationals Christopher Cash and Christopher Berry, though the charges against them were dropped by the [[Crown Prosecution Service]] in 2025.<ref name="Gooch-2025"/> The meeting in London was to welcome the Beijing delegation with then-Labour leader [[Jeremy Corbyn]], Scottish former first minister [[Nicola Sturgeon]], former Cabinet Office minister [[David Lidington]], and London Mayor [[Sadiq Khan]] in attendance.<ref name="Gooch-2025"/> Andrew's subsequent meetings involved him expanding and launching his Pitch@Palace business initiative in China.<ref name="Gooch-2025"/>

==Finances==
Andrew received a £249,000 annuity from Queen Elizabeth II, which was cut by King Charles III in April 2023.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.royal.gov.uk/TheRoyalHousehold/Royalfinances/FinancialarrangmentsofothermembersoftheRoyalFamily.aspx |publisher=Royal Household |title=Financial arrangements of members of the Royal Family |access-date=7 March 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110122004226/http://www.royal.gov.uk/TheRoyalHousehold/Royalfinances/FinancialarrangmentsofothermembersoftheRoyalFamily.aspx |archive-date=22 January 2011 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/royal-family/2023/02/19/king-charles-has-vowed-not-leave-prince-andrew-homeless-penniless/|title=King Charles 'has vowed not to leave Prince Andrew homeless or penniless'|work=The Telegraph|first=Ewan|last=Somerville|date=19 February 2023|accessdate=22 February 2023|url-access=subscription}}</ref> In the twelve-month period up to April 2004, he spent £325,000 on flights, and his trade missions as special representative for [[UK Trade & Investment|UKTI]] cost £75,000 in 2003.<ref name="Barkham-2004a"/> ''[[The Sunday Times]]'' reported in July 2008 that for "the Duke of York's public role{{nbsp}}... he last year received £436,000 to cover his expenses".<ref>{{cite news|last1=Foggo|first1=Daniel|last2=Swinford|first2=Steven|last3=Mikhailova|first3=Anna|url=https://www.thetimes.com/article/prince-andrew-his-pound15m-home-and-the-kazakhstan-connection-l6ldqp0fq7l|title=Prince Andrew, his £15m home and the Kazakhstan connection|work=The Sunday Times|location=London|date=27 July 2008|access-date=24 November 2019|url-access=subscription}}</ref> He has a Royal Navy pension of £20,000.<ref name="Wilson-2021"/>

In June 2019, Andrew arranged a private Buckingham Palace tour while the Queen was in residence for [[Jay Bloom]] and Michael Evers, businessmen from the U.S. cryptocurrency mining company Pegasus Group Holdings, which had agreed to pay his ex-wife Sarah Ferguson up to £1.4 million for her role as a "brand ambassador".<ref name="BBC-crypto">{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/cy5q05v0q1xo|title=Andrew fixed palace visit for firm with £1.4m deal with ex-wife|work=BBC News|first1=Billy|last1=Kenber|first2=Phil|last2=Kemp|date=1 November 2025|access-date=3 November 2025}}</ref> Bloom and Evers were driven into the Palace in Andrew's car from their Knightsbridge hotel and later attended his Pitch@Palace event at St James's Palace before dining that evening with Andrew, Ferguson, and their daughter Beatrice.<ref name="BBC-crypto"/> Ferguson was promoting Pegasus's plan to use thousands of solar power generators to mine Bitcoin in Arizona, though the project collapsed after acquiring only 615 of the planned 16,000 units and generating just $33,779 (£25,000) in cryptocurrency.<ref name="BBC-crypto"/> Ferguson first met Bloom in Las Vegas in 2018 and he and Evers regularly visited London in 2019, meeting the York family frequently.<ref name="BBC-crypto"/> In October 2019 Ferguson signed a contract via Alphabet Capital, a British company owned by Adrian Gleave, through which she was paid over £200,000 for Pegasus work.<ref name="BBC-crypto"/> Court documents showed Andrew also received £60,500 traced to Gleave's businesses, though neither explained the payments.<ref name="BBC-crypto"/>

Several months after Andrew's controversial 2019 ''Newsnight'' interview, his private office established the Urramoor Trust, which owned both Lincelles (established 2020)<ref>{{Cite web|title=Lincelles|url=https://find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk/company/12699827|access-date=7 January 2022|website=Companies House}}</ref> and Urramoor Ltd (established 2013),<ref>{{Cite web|title=Urramoor Limited|url=https://find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk/company/08424933|access-date=7 January 2022|website=Companies House}}</ref> and according to ''[[The Times]]'' was set up to support his family. Lincelles was voluntarily wound up in 2022.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.thetimes.com/uk/law/article/prince-andrew-winds-up-investment-company-linked-to-disgraced-coutts-banker-harry-keogh-f6tn3vgpt|title=Prince Andrew winds up investment company linked to disgraced Coutts banker Harry Keogh|work=[[The Times]]|first=George|last=Greenwood|date=5 January 2022|access-date=6 January 2022|url-access=subscription}}</ref> Andrew was described as a "[[settlor]] but not a beneficiary", and did not own either of the companies, though [[Companies House]] listed him and his private banker of 20 years Harry Keogh{{efn|Keogh was accused of inappropriately touching a female employee in 2015 in his previous job at [[Coutts]], an allegation which he denied.<ref name="Royston-2021"/> It resulted in an internal investigation that led to him quitting under pressure and later suing for unfair dismissal.<ref name="Royston-2021"/>}} as people with "significant control".<ref name="Royston-2021">{{cite web|url=https://www.newsweek.com/prince-andrew-coutts-banker-harry-keogh-accused-sexual-harassment-new-business-lincelles-1586631|title=Prince Andrew Teams Up With Banker Accused of Sexual Harassment For New Business Venture|work=Newsweek|first=Jack|last=Royston|date=27 April 2021|accessdate=6 January 2022}}</ref>

In March 2022 it was reported that, on 15 November 2019, the wife of the jailed Turkish former politician [[İlhan İşbilen]] transferred £750,000 to Andrew in the belief that it would help her secure a passport.<ref name="Dixon-2022">{{cite web |title=Prince Andrew took £1 million from Turkish 'fraudster' |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/royal-family/2022/03/31/duke-york-took-1m-turkish-fraudster/ |work=[[The Daily Telegraph]] |first1=Hayley |last1=Dixon |first2=Robert |last2=Mendick |first3=Victoria |last3=Ward |date=31 March 2022 |access-date=1 April 2022 |url-access=subscription}}</ref> He repaid the money 16 months later after being contacted by İşbilen's lawyers. ''The Telegraph'' reported that the money sent to Andrew's account had been described to the bankers "as a wedding gift" for his elder daughter, Princess Beatrice, though the court documents did not include any suggestions that Beatrice was aware of the transactions.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/royal-family/2022/04/01/princess-beatrice-eugenie-prince-andrew-fraud-money-news/|title=Exclusive: Princesses Beatrice and Eugenie received money from Turkish 'fraudster' linked to Prince Andrew|work=The Telegraph|first1=Hayley|last1=Dixon|first2=Victoria|last2=Ward|first3=Robert|last3=Mendick|date=1 April 2022|accessdate=3 April 2022|url-access=subscription}}</ref> İşbilen alleges that a further £350,000 payment was made to Andrew through businessman Selman Turk, who İşbilen is suing for fraud. Turk had been awarded the People's Choice Award for his business Heyman AI at a Pitch@Palace event held at [[St James's Palace]] days before the £750,000 payment was made by İşbilen.<ref name="Dixon-2022"/><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2022/apr/04/new-questions-raised-over-prince-andrews-award-to-selman-turk|title=New questions raised over Prince Andrew's award to Selman Turk|work=[[The Guardian]]|first=Jamie|last=Grierson|date=4 April 2022|accessdate=5 April 2022}}</ref> In October 2025 it was reported that in December 2019, Andrew received £60,500 from businessman Adrian Gleave, whose company Alphabet Capital Limited had also funneled money from Nebahat İşbilen to him and Ferguson.<ref name="Kenber-2025">{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/cy5qrp2wne4o|title=Prince Andrew paid by businessman tied to pension rip-off company|work=BBC News|first1=Billy|last1=Kenber|first2=Phil|last2=Kemp|date=24 October 2025|access-date=24 October 2025}}</ref> Court documents showed that Alphabet Capital had made – and might continue making – substantial payments to Andrew, despite being listed as a dormant company with minimal turnover.<ref name="Kenber-2025"/> Gleave had links to SVS Securities, a firm shut down by regulators over pension mis-selling.<ref name="Kenber-2025"/>

Tarek Kaituni, a Libyan-born convicted gun smuggler, introduced Andrew to Selman Turk in May or June 2019 and held later meetings on at least two occasions.<ref name="Grierson-2022">{{cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2022/apr/03/more-details-emerge-of-prince-andrews-alleged-links-with-banker-selman-turk|title=More details emerge of Prince Andrew's alleged links with banker Selman Turk|work=[[The Guardian]]|first=Jamie|last=Grierson|date=3 April 2022|accessdate=3 April 2022}}</ref> Kaituni, for whom Andrew allegedly lobbied a British company, had reportedly given Princess Beatrice an £18,000 gold and diamond necklace for her 21st birthday in 2009, and was invited to Princess Eugenie's wedding in 2018.<ref name="Grierson-2022"/> Andrew also got "half" of £100,000 that Turk claimed was a payment to the businessman Adrian Gleave to fund a search for "finding yoghurt production facilities in America".<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/royal-family/2023/12/19/prince-andrew-invited-fraudster-smuggler-st-james-palace/|title=Prince Andrew invited alleged fraudster and smuggler to St James's Palace, documents reveal|work=The Telegraph|first=Fiona|last=Parker|date=19 December 2023|accessdate=20 December 2023|url-access=subscription}}</ref>

In October 2025, ''[[The Guardian]]'' reported that Andrew was set to receive a one-off six-figure payment from King Charles III's private funds to help finance his move from Royal Lodge to a smaller property on the Sandringham Estate.<ref name="Guardian-payments">{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2025/oct/31/andrew-in-line-for-six-figure-payment-and-annual-stipend-from-king-sources-say|title=Andrew in line for six-figure payout and annual stipend from king, sources say|work=The Guardian|first1=Caroline|last1=Davies|first2=Anna|last2=Isaac|first3=Neha|last3=Gohil|first4=Vikram|last4=Dodd|date=31 October 2025|access-date=1 November 2025}}</ref> In addition, he would be granted an annual stipend worth several times his £20,000 naval pension.<ref name="Guardian-payments"/>

==Allegations of sexual abuse==

===Jeffrey Epstein and related associations===
{{further|Relationship of Prince Andrew and Jeffrey Epstein}}
Andrew was a friend of [[Jeffrey Epstein]], an American financier who pleaded guilty to soliciting prostitution from someone under the age of 18 in 2008. Epstein, [[Ghislaine Maxwell]] and [[Harvey Weinstein]] had been hosted by Andrew at his residence, Royal Lodge, ahead of a masked ball at Windsor Castle for Princess Beatrice's 18th birthday celebrations in 2006 and two months after a US arrest warrant had been issued for Epstein for the sexual assault of a minor.<ref name="Pike-2025">{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/c4g7d39n6vgo|title=Prince Andrew hosted Epstein, Maxwell and Weinstein at Royal Lodge|work=BBC News|first=Joe|last=Pike|date=27 October 2025|access-date=28 October 2025}}</ref> Epstein was arrested by the police in Florida eight days after the event though Andrew denied having any knowledge about the arrest warrant issued in the US.<ref name="Pike-2025"/> [[BBC News]] reported in March 2011 that the friendship was producing "a steady stream of criticism", and there were calls for him to step down from his role as trade envoy.<ref name="BBC News-2011"/> Andrew was also criticised in the media after his former wife, Sarah Ferguson, disclosed that he helped arrange for Epstein to pay off £15,000 of her debts.<ref>{{cite news|last=Swinford|first=Steven|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/theroyalfamily/8366199/Duchess-of-York-admits-Duke-arranged-for-convicted-paedophile-Jeffrey-Epstein-to-pay-off-her-debts.html |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220110/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/theroyalfamily/8366199/Duchess-of-York-admits-Duke-arranged-for-convicted-paedophile-Jeffrey-Epstein-to-pay-off-her-debts.html |archive-date=10 January 2022 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live|title=Duchess of York admits Duke arranged for convicted paedophile Jeffrey Epstein to pay off her debts|date=7 March 2011|work=[[The Daily Telegraph]]|location=London, England|access-date=19 April 2016}}{{cbignore}}</ref><ref>{{Cite magazine|url=https://www.vanityfair.com/style/2019/09/sarah-ferguson-jeffrey-epstein-prince-andrew-lawsuit|title=Jeffrey Epstein Reportedly Wanted to Sue Sarah Ferguson After She Referred to Him as a Pedophile|last=Bryant|first=Kenzie|date=18 September 2019|magazine=Vanity Fair|access-date=4 February 2020}}</ref> Andrew had been photographed in December 2010 strolling with Epstein in [[Central Park]] during a visit to New York City.<ref name="BBC News-2019">{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-49411215|title=Prince Andrew's links to Jeffrey Epstein|date=16 November 2019|work=BBC News|access-date=4 February 2020}}</ref>
In July 2011 Andrew's role as trade envoy was terminated because of escalating controversy over his associations, especially with Epstein.<ref name="BBC News-2011">{{cite news|title=Prince Andrew: Envoy career plagued with controversy|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-12663378|access-date=12 June 2013|work=[[BBC News]]|date=21 July 2011}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2015/jan/10/jeffrey-epstein-decade-scandal-prince-andrew|title=Jeffrey Epstein: inside the decade of scandal entangling Prince Andrew|last1=Lewis|first1=Paul|last2=Swaine|first2=Jon|date=10 January 2015|newspaper=[[The Guardian]]|location=London, England|access-date=22 January 2016}}</ref>

On 30 December 2014 a court filing in [[Florida]] by the lawyers Bradley J. Edwards and [[Paul G. Cassell]] alleged that Andrew was one of several prominent figures, including lawyer [[Alan Dershowitz]] and "a former prime minister",<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-30664060|title=Prince Andrew sex claims woman 'should not be believed'|date=3 January 2015|work=BBC News}}</ref> to have participated in sexual activities with a minor later identified as [[Virginia Giuffre]] (then known by her maiden name, Virginia Roberts),<ref>{{cite magazine|url=https://time.com/3655417/alan-dershowitz-prince-andrew-virginia-roberts/|title=U.S. Lawyer Sues in Prince Andrew Sex Claims Case|last1=Gibson|first1=Megan|date=6 January 2015|access-date=9 January 2015|magazine=[[Time (magazine)|Time]]}}</ref> who was allegedly trafficked by Epstein.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2015/01/07/us/alan-dershowitz-denies-allegations-of-sex-with-minor.html|title=Alan Dershowitz Denies Suit's Allegations of Sex With a Minor|last1=Williams|first1=Timothy|date=6 January 2015|work=The New York Times|access-date=7 January 2015|url-status=live|url-access=limited|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150107214335/http://www.nytimes.com/2015/01/07/us/alan-dershowitz-denies-allegations-of-sex-with-minor.html|archive-date=7 January 2015}}</ref> An [[affidavit]] from Giuffre was included in an earlier lawsuit from 2008 accusing the [[US Justice Department]] of violating the [[Crime Victims' Rights Act]] during Epstein's first criminal case by not allowing several of his victims to challenge his [[plea deal]]; Andrew was otherwise not a party to the lawsuit.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2015/12/13/business/alan-dershowitz-on-the-defense-his-own.html|title=Alan Dershowitz on the Defense (His Own)|last=Meier|first=Barry|date=12 December 2015|work=The New York Times|access-date=31 January 2020|issn=0362-4331|url-access=limited}}</ref>

In January 2015 there was renewed media and public pressure for Buckingham Palace to explain Andrew's connection with Epstein.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2015/jan/06/palace-prince-andrew-links-jeffrey-epstein|title=Palace digs in over Prince Andrew's links to sex offender Jeffrey Epstein|last=Booth|first=Robert|date=9 January 2015|work=The Guardian|access-date=19 April 2016|location=London, England}}</ref> Buckingham Palace stated that "any suggestion of impropriety with underage minors is categorically untrue", and later repeated the denial.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/teenage-sex-slave-virginia-roberts-claims-she-was-paid-10000-by-jeffrey-epstein-to-have-sex-with-prince-andrew-at-london-home-9956338.html|title=Teenage 'sex slave' Virginia Roberts claims she was paid £10,000 by Jeffrey Epstein to have sex with Prince Andrew|author=Withnall, Adam|date=4 January 2015|work=The Independent|location=London}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2015/jan/04/prince-andrew-denies-underage-sex-claims-buckingham-palace|title=Palace takes unusual step to deny Prince Andrew underage sex claims|last1=Booth|first1=Robert|date=4 January 2015|newspaper=The Guardian|access-date=15 January 2015|last2=Lewis|first2=Paul|location=London}}</ref> Requests from Giuffre's lawyers for a statement from Andrew about the allegations, under oath, were returned unanswered.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/prince-andrew-sex-allegations-dukes-accuser-gives-her-side-of-the-story-in-court-papers-9994051.html|title=Virginia Roberts sex claims: Prince Andrew arrives in Davos amid calls for him to answer 'sex slave' allegations under oath|author=Tim Walker|date=22 January 2015|work=The Independent|access-date=19 April 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-30928664|title=Prince Andrew set for first public event since sex claim|date=22 January 2015|work=BBC News|access-date=19 April 2016}}</ref>

[[File:Prince_Andrew,_Virginia_Giuffre,_and_Ghislaine_Maxwell.webp|thumb|right|The photograph of Andrew with Giuffre and Maxwell.]]
Giuffre said that she had sex with Andrew on three occasions, including a trip to London in 2001 when she was 17,<ref name="AP NEWS-2019">{{Cite web|url=https://apnews.com/3825458fbca548cea862f09e79f45534|title=Prince Andrew again denies having sex with Epstein victim|date=15 November 2019|website=AP NEWS|access-date=4 February 2020}}</ref> and later in New York and on [[Little Saint James]] in the [[US Virgin Islands]] during an [[orgy]].<ref name="BBC News-2019" /><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2025/oct/19/prince-andrew-allegations-explainer|title=Prince Andrew: are more revelations likely to emerge about scandal-hit royal?|work=The Guardian|first=Hannah|last=Al-Othman|date=19 October 2025|access-date=19 October 2025}}</ref> She alleged Epstein paid her $15,000 after she had sex with Andrew in London.<ref name="AP NEWS-2019"/> Flight logs show Andrew and Giuffre were in the places she alleged their meetings took place.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/theroyalfamily/11359788/Prince-Andrew-under-renewed-pressure-to-speak-about-sex-abuse-claims-after-flight-logs-emerge.html |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220110/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/theroyalfamily/11359788/Prince-Andrew-under-renewed-pressure-to-speak-about-sex-abuse-claims-after-flight-logs-emerge.html |archive-date=10 January 2022 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live|title=Prince Andrew under renewed pressure to speak about 'sex abuse' claims after flight logs emerge|date=21 January 2015|work=The Daily Telegraph|access-date=19 April 2016}}{{cbignore}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.thedailybeast.com/flight-logs-reportedly-link-prince-andrew-to-alleged-jeffrey-epstein-victim-virginia-roberts|title=Flight Logs Reportedly Link Prince Andrew to Alleged Jeffrey Epstein Victim Virginia Roberts|last=Sykes|first=Tom|date=20 August 2019|work=The Daily Beast|access-date=4 February 2020}}</ref> Andrew and Giuffre were also photographed together with his arm around her waist, with an Epstein associate, Maxwell, in the background,<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/incoming/article9956876.ece/alternates/w620/v2-8-Virginia-Roberts-Collect-The-Times-v6.jpg|title=The Independent|access-date=19 April 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150723113937/https://www.independent.co.uk/incoming/article9956876.ece/alternates/w620/v2-8-Virginia-Roberts-Collect-The-Times-v6.jpg|archive-date=23 July 2015}}</ref> though Andrew's supporters have repeatedly said the photo is fake and edited.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2019/08/28/prince-andrews-supporters-say-photo-epstein-victim-fake/ |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220110/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2019/08/28/prince-andrews-supporters-say-photo-epstein-victim-fake/ |archive-date=10 January 2022 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live|title=Prince Andrew's supporters say his 'chubby' fingers prove photo of him with Epstein victim is fake|newspaper=The Telegraph|first=Bill|last=Gardner|date=29 August 2019|access-date=30 August 2019}}{{cbignore}}</ref> Giuffre stated that she was pressured to have sex with Andrew and "wouldn't have dared object" as Epstein, through contacts, could have her "killed or abducted".<ref name="Greenslade-2015">Greenslade, Roy [https://www.theguardian.com/media/greenslade/2015/jan/05/prince-andrew-story-runs-and-runs-but-editors-should-beware "Prince Andrew story runs and runs – but editors should beware"], ''The Guardian'' (blog), 5 January 2015</ref>

On 7 April 2015 Judge [[Kenneth Marra]] ruled that the "sex allegations made against Andrew in court papers filed in Florida must be struck from the public record".<ref>{{cite news|last1=Sherwell|first1=Philip|title=Prince Andrew sex abuse allegation thrown out by judge|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/theroyalfamily/11520495/Prince-Andrew-sex-abuse-allegation-thrown-out-by-judge.html |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220110/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/theroyalfamily/11520495/Prince-Andrew-sex-abuse-allegation-thrown-out-by-judge.html |archive-date=10 January 2022 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live|publisher=UK Daily Telegraph – 7 April 2015|access-date=17 April 2015|quote=A US judge has ruled that sex allegations made against Prince Andrew in court papers filed in Florida must be struck from the public record.}}{{cbignore}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=Buncombe|first1=Andrew|title=Prince Andrew sex claims case: Judge orders that allegations against Duke of York be thrown out|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/americas/prince-andrew-sex-claims-case-judge-orders-that-allegations-against-duke-of-york-be-thrown-out-10160712.html|publisher=The Independent UK, 7 April 2015|access-date=17 April 2015|quote=A US judge has ordered that "lurid" sex allegations made against Prince Andrew and which led to a major crisis for the member of the royal family, be struck from the record}}</ref> Marra made no ruling as to whether claims by Giuffre are true or false, specifically stating that she may later give evidence when the case comes to court.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2015/apr/07/prince-andrew-jeffrey-epstein-florida|title=Judge orders Prince Andrew sex allegations struck from court record|author=Jon Swaine|work=The Guardian|access-date=19 April 2016}}</ref>

Juan "John" Alessi, who was Epstein's butler, stated in a deposition he filed for Giuffre's 2016 defamation case against Maxwell that Andrew's hitherto unremarked visits to the Epstein house in [[Palm Beach, Florida|Palm Beach]] were more frequent than previously thought. He maintained that Andrew "spent weeks with us" and received "daily massages".<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/guymartin/2021/11/27/the-revelations-what-prince-andrew-faces-as-his-old-friend-ghislaine-maxwells-trial-begins/|title=The Revelations: What Prince Andrew Faces As His Old Friend Ghislaine Maxwell's Trial Begins|first=Guy|last=Martin|website=Forbes}}</ref>

In August 2019, court documents associated with a defamation case between Giuffre and Maxwell revealed that a second girl, Johanna Sjoberg, gave evidence alleging that Andrew had placed his hand on her breast while in Epstein's mansion posing for a photo with his ''[[Spitting Image]]'' puppet.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2019/aug/09/prince-andrew-court-documents-ghislaine-maxwell-jeffrey-epstein|title=Prince Andrew groped young woman's breast at Epstein house, court files allege|last1=Bekiempis|first1=Victoria|last2=Waterson|first2=Jim|date=9 August 2019|work=The Guardian|access-date=10 August 2019|issn=0261-3077}}</ref> Later that month, Andrew released a statement that said, "At no stage during the limited time I spent with [Epstein] did I see, witness or suspect any behaviour of the sort that subsequently led to his arrest and conviction", though he expressed regret for meeting him in 2010 after Epstein had already pleaded guilty to sex crimes for the first time.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://edition.cnn.com/2019/08/28/uk/prince-andrew-allegations-intl-hnk/index.html|title=Epstein accuser on Prince Andrew: 'He knows exactly what he's done'|publisher=CNN|first=Joshua|last=Berlinger|date=28 August 2019|access-date=28 August 2019}}</ref> At the end of August 2019 ''[[The New Republic]]'' published a September 2013 email exchange between [[John Brockman (literary agent)|John Brockman]] and [[Evgeny Morozov]], in which Brockman mentioned seeing a British man nicknamed "Andy" receive a foot massage from two Russian women at Epstein's New York residence during his last visit to the mansion in 2010, and had realised "that the recipient of Irina's foot massage was His Royal Highness, Prince Andrew, the Duke of York".<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2019/aug/22/prince-andrew-epstein-foot-massage|title=Prince Andrew was seen getting foot massage from young woman at Epstein's apartment – report|newspaper=The Guardian|first1=Edward|last1=Helmore|first2=Kevin|last2=Rawlinson|date=22 August 2019|access-date=17 November 2019}}</ref>

In July 2020 Caroline Kaufman, an alleged victim of Epstein, said in a federal lawsuit that she had seen Andrew at Epstein's New York mansion in December 2010.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/americas/caroline-kaufman-prince-andrew-jeffrey-epstein-rape-new-york-ghislaine-maxwell-a9600656.html|title=Woman claims she was raped as a teenager by Epstein in New York mansion while Prince Andrew was visiting|work=The Independent|first=Richard|last=Hall|date=3 July 2020|accessdate=20 June 2022}}</ref> In November 2021 Lawrence Visoski, Epstein's pilot, testified in court during Maxwell's trial that Andrew flew in Epstein's private plane along with other prominent individuals, including [[Bill Clinton]], [[Donald Trump]] and [[John Glenn]]. Visoski stated he did not notice any sexual activity or wrongdoing on the plane.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2021/nov/30/ghislaine-maxwell-trial-second-day-jeffrey-epstein-pilot|title=Ghislaine Maxwell was 'No 2' in Jeffrey Epstein's hierarchy, pilot says|date=30 November 2021|work=The Guardian|accessdate=2 December 2021}}</ref> Similarly, Andrew's name was recorded on 12 May 2001 by Epstein's pilot David Rodgers in his logbook, and he testified that Andrew flew three times with Epstein and Giuffre in 2001.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.thetimes.com/world/us-world/article/jeffrey-epstein-pilot-sdavid-rodgers-logs-pose-questions-for-prince-andrew-0mn0ts3jn|title=Jeffrey Epstein pilot's logs pose questions for Prince Andrew|work=[[The Times]]|first=Will|last=Humphries|date=22 August 2019|access-date=17 January 2022|url-access=subscription}}</ref> The following month a picture of Epstein and Maxwell, sitting at a cabin on the Queen's [[Balmoral estate]], around 1999, at the invitation of Andrew, was shown to the jury to establish their status as partners.<ref>{{cite web|title=Epstein and Maxwell pictured at Queen's residence at Balmoral|work=BBC|date=9 December 2021|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-us-canada-59590576|accessdate=16 December 2021}}</ref>

On 5 January 2022 Giuffre's former boyfriend, Anthony Figueroa, said on ''[[Good Morning Britain (2014 TV programme)|Good Morning Britain]]'' that Giuffre told him Epstein would take her to meet Andrew. He alleged the meeting had taken place in London.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/americas/prince-andrew-virginia-giuffre-epstein-news-latest-b1986928.html|title=Prince Andrew hearing – live: Duke in 'difficult situation' after 'horrible day' in court as decision looms|work=[[The Independent]]|first1=Megan|last1=Sheets|first2=Maroosha|last2=Muzaffar|first3=Alisha Rahaman|last3=Sarkar|first4=Thomas|last4=Kingsley|date=5 January 2022|accessdate=5 January 2022}}</ref> In a court filing, Andrew's lawyers had previously referred to a statement by Figueroa's sister, Crystal Figueroa, who alleged that in her bid to find victims for Epstein, Giuffre had asked her, "Do you know any girls who are kind of slutty?"<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.insider.com/prince-andrew-virginia-roberts-giuffre-recruited-slutty-girls-for-epstein-2021-10|title=Prince Andrew's attorneys repeat claims that Virginia Roberts Giuffre wanted to recruit 'slutty' girls for Epstein to abuse as they up the ante in legal battle|work=Insider|first=Alia|last=Shoaib|date=31 October 2021|accessdate=15 January 2022}}</ref> The same month, Carolyn Andriano, who as a 14-year-old was introduced by Giuffre to Maxwell and Epstein and was a prosecution witness in Maxwell's trial, said in an interview with the ''[[Daily Mail]]'' that then 17-year-old Giuffre told her in 2001 that she had sex with Andrew. She stated, "And [Giuffre] said, 'I got to [[wikt:sleep with|sleep with]] him'. She didn't seem upset about it. She thought it was pretty cool."<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2022/jan/08/virginia-giuffre-told-me-in-2001-she-slept-with-prince-andrew-witness-says|title=Virginia Giuffre told me in 2001 she slept with Prince Andrew, witness says|date=8 January 2022|work=The Guardian|first=Jem|last=Bartholomew|accessdate=8 January 2022}}</ref>

In an [[ITV (TV network)|ITV]] documentary a former [[Protection Command#Royalty and Specialist Protection|royal protection officer]], Paul Page, who was convicted and given a six-year sentence following a £3 million property investment scam in 2009,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/home-news/paul-page-royal-officer-guilty-fraud-b1995823.html|title=Paul Page: The former royal protection officer found guilty of fraud|work=The Independent|first=Laurie|last=Churchman|date=19 January 2022|accessdate=25 January 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/uk/2009/jul/17/royal-protection-officer-fraud-guilty|title=Former royal protection officer guilty of £3m scam|work=The Guardian|first=Sandra|last=Laville|date=17 July 2009|accessdate=25 January 2022}}</ref> recounted Maxwell's frequent visits to Buckingham Palace, and suggested the two might have had an intimate relationship,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/home-news/prince-andrew-itv-documentary-b1995187.html|title=Prince Andrew and Ghislaine Maxwell may have been in relationship, former friend claims|work=[[The Independent]]|first=Holly|last=Bancroft|date=18 January 2022|accessdate=18 January 2022}}</ref> while [[Lady Victoria Hervey]] added that Andrew was present at social occasions held by Maxwell.<ref name="ITV-2022">{{cite web|url=https://www.itv.com/news/2022-01-17/ghislaine-maxwell-kept-coming-in-and-out-in-and-out-of-buckingham-palace|title=ITV documentary sheds light on Prince Andrew's connection with disgraced socialite Ghislaine Maxwell|work=ITV|date=17 January 2022|accessdate=17 January 2022}}</ref> His name and contact numbers for Buckingham Palace, [[Sunninghill Park]], [[Wood Farm]] and Balmoral also appeared in Maxwell and Epstein's 'Little Black Book', a list of contacts of the duo's powerful and famous friends.<ref name="ITV-2022"/> In February 2022 ''[[The Daily Telegraph]]'' published a photograph of Andrew along with Maxwell giving a tour of Buckingham Palace to his guests Bill Clinton and [[Kevin Spacey]], with a member of the tour party describing Maxwell as "the one who led us into Buckingham Palace".<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/royal-family/2022/02/11/knew-prince-andrew-pictured-ghislaine-maxwell-2002-palace-tour/|title='They knew each other well': Prince Andrew pictured with Ghislaine Maxwell in 2002 palace tour|work=The Telegraph|first=Robert|last=Mendick|date=11 February 2022|accessdate=16 February 2022|url-access=subscription}}</ref>

In October 2022 Maxwell was interviewed by a documentary filmmaker while serving her sentence in prison, and when asked about her relationship with Andrew, Maxwell stated that she felt "bad" for him but accepted their "friendship could not survive my conviction. He is paying such a price for the association. I consider him a dear friend. I care about him."<ref name="Halliday-2022">{{cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2022/oct/16/ghislaine-maxwell-says-she-feels-bad-for-dear-friend-prince-andrew|title=Ghislaine Maxwell says she feels bad for 'dear friend' Prince Andrew|work=The Guardian|first=Josh|last=Halliday|date=16 October 2022|accessdate=17 October 2022}}</ref> She also stated that she now believed the photograph showing her together with Andrew and Giuffre was not "a true image", and added that in an email to her lawyer in 2015 she was trying to confirm that she recognised her own house, but the whole image cannot be authentic as "the original has never been produced".<ref name="Halliday-2022"/> In another interview from prison, she said the photo was "a fake ... there's never been an original and further there is no photograph. I've only ever seen a photocopy of it."<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2023/jan/22/ghislaine-maxwell-prince-andrew-photo-virginia-giuffre-epstein|title=Ghislaine Maxwell calls Prince Andrew photo with Virginia Giuffre 'a fake'|work=The Guardian|first=Matthew|last=Weaver|date=22 January 2023|accessdate=22 January 2023}}</ref> Following the allegations, ''[[The Mail on Sunday]]'', which first published the photograph in 2011, was contacted by the photographer Michael Thomas who took 39 copies of the image, both front and back. The back of the photo has a time stamp showing it was developed on 13 March 2001 – three days after Andrew allegedly engaged in sexual activity with Giuffre – and it was printed at a one-hour photo lab at [[Walgreens]] in Florida, near Giuffre's former home.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/royal-family/2023/01/28/prince-andrew-photo-virginia-roberts-giuffre-real-reports-claim/|title=Prince Andrew photo with Virginia Roberts Giuffre is real, reports claim|work=The Telegraph|first=Lizzie|last=Roberts|date=28 January 2023|accessdate=28 January 2023|url-access=subscription}}</ref>

Giuffre had said that on the first night she allegedly had sex with Andrew they got into the bath where "he started licking my toes, between my toes, the arches of my feet" before they went into the bedroom and had sex.<ref name="Mendick-2023">{{cite web|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/royal-family/2023/01/27/photo-clears-duke-york-bath-sex/|title=Exclusive: The photo that 'clears Prince Andrew' over bath sex|work=The Telegraph|first1=Robert|last1=Mendick|first2=Victoria|last2=Ward|date=27 January 2023|accessdate=28 January 2023|url-access=subscription}}</ref> She repeated this statement in a 2019 BBC interview.<ref name="Mendick-2023"/> She described the bathroom in her unpublished memoir, stating "It was a beige marble tiled floor with a porcelain Victorian-style bathtub in the middle of the room."<ref name="Mendick-2023"/> In January 2023, Maxwell's brother [[Ian Maxwell]] disputed Giuffre's account by releasing photos showing his acquaintances sitting in the bathtub where the incident allegedly took place.<ref name="Mendick-2023"/> The photos were originally reserved as a defence for Maxwell's legal team if Giuffre was asked to testify.<ref name="Mendick-2023"/> Ian Maxwell said the photos "show conclusively that the bath is too small for any sort of sex frolicking. There is no 'Victorian bath', as Giuffre had claimed, which is proved both by the attached plan of the bathroom and the photos themselves."<ref name="Mendick-2023"/>

In January 2024 a series of documents related to Epstein were released by the [[United States District Court for the Southern District of New York]], including a motion from 2015 by two women which described Andrew having sexual relations with one of them – speculated to be Giuffre – at Maxwell's flat in London, in New York, and on Epstein's private island in the US Virgin Islands "in an orgy with numerous other underaged girls".<ref name="Booth-2024">{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2024/jan/05/prince-andrew-clinton-hawking-what-do-the-epstein-documents-say-about-key-people|title=Prince Andrew, Clinton, Hawking: what do the Epstein documents say about key people?|work=The Guardian|first=Robert|last=Booth|date=5 January 2024|access-date=5 January 2024}}</ref> In a separate document, Maxwell recalled Andrew visiting Epstein's private island only once, adding there were no girls or women there other than the staff.<ref name="Booth-2024"/> She also stated that she had "no recollection" as to whether she introduced Andrew to Giuffre.<ref name="Gregory-2024">{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-67893392|title=No investigation into Prince Andrew – Met Police|work=BBC News|first=James|last=Gregory|date=5 January 2024|access-date=5 January 2024}}</ref> In another unsealed document, Juan Alessi, who worked at Epstein's Palm Beach residence, stated under oath that Andrew "spent weeks with us" and had "daily massages".<ref>{{Cite news |date=6 January 2024 |title=Prince Andrew had 'daily massages' when visiting Jeffrey Epstein's estate, according to housekeeper |url=https://news.sky.com/story/prince-andrew-had-daily-massages-when-visiting-jeffrey-epsteins-estate-according-to-housekeeper-13042871 |access-date=8 January 2024 |work=Sky News |language=en}}</ref> Another deposition contained references to Johanna Sjoberg's statement that Andrew had groped her breast while she was sitting on his lap.<ref name="Booth-2024"/><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-67863330|title=Prince Andrew faces allegations from unsealed US court documents about Jeffrey Epstein|work=BBC News|first=Sean|last=Coughlan|date=3 January 2024|access-date=5 January 2024}}</ref> The [[Metropolitan Police]] announced that they would not be launching an investigation into the allegations but would assess "new and relevant" information should any come to light.<ref name="Gregory-2024"/>

In a 2025 interview with the [[United States Department of Justice|US Department of Justice]], Maxwell said she had not introduced Andrew to Epstein and described Giuffre's allegations as "rubbish".<ref>{{cite news |last=Watling |first=Tom |date=23 August 2025 |title=Ghislaine Maxwell rejects Prince Andrew claims and calls infamous picture 'literally a fake' |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/americas/us-politics/ghislaine-maxwell-prince-andrew-photo-guiffre-b2812785.html |access-date=23 August 2025 |work=The Independent}}</ref> She further said the photograph showing her with Andrew was "literally a fake". Maxwell stated she was not present at the time of the alleged incident and questioned the physical plausibility of the account.<ref>{{cite news |last=Mwamba |first=Ramazani |date=23 August 2025 |title=Transcripts released of Ghislaine Maxwell's 'Epstein List' interview with US Justice Department |url=https://uk.news.yahoo.com/transcripts-released-ghislaine-maxwells-epstein-092314077.html |access-date=23 August 2025 |work=Yahoo News UK}}</ref> Her remarks were published in DOJ transcripts.<ref>{{cite web |date=22 August 2025 |title=Maxwell Interview |url=https://www.justice.gov/maxwell-interview |access-date=23 August 2025 |website=United States Department of Justice}}</ref> In September of the same year, newly released documents turned over by the Epstein estate to the [[House Oversight Committee]] revealed that on 12 May 2000, Andrew travelled with Epstein and Maxwell on a private jet from [[Teterboro, New Jersey]], to [[West Palm Beach, Florida]].<ref name="Lukiv-2025">{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/cwyl8j1we0lo|title=Elon Musk and Prince Andrew named in new Epstein files|work=BBC News|first1=Jaroslav|last1=Lukiv|first2=Olivia|last2=Davies|first3=Chi Chi|last3=Izundu|date=26 September 2025|access-date=28 September 2025}}</ref> He had officially flown on 11 May 2000 from London to New York to attend a reception for the [[National Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Children]] before returning to the UK on 15 May.<ref name="Lukiv-2025"/> In the documents, a client named Andrew appeared to have received massages in February and May 2000 paid for with $200 cheques.<ref name="Lukiv-2025"/><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.thetimes.com/uk/royal-family/article/prince-andrew-sarah-ferguson-royal-christmas-king-charles-m9fwffq2g|title=King tells Prince Andrew and Sarah Ferguson to miss royal Christmas|work=The Times|first=Roya|last=Nikkhah|date=27 September 2025|access-date=28 September 2025}}</ref>

On 18 October 2025, it was alleged that Andrew had instructed one of his taxpayer-funded personal protection officers to investigate Giuffre – including obtaining her date of birth and [[Social Security number|US Social Security number]] – in an apparent attempt to "dig up dirt" on her, shortly before the widely circulated photograph of them together came to light.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/royal-family/2025/10/18/prince-andrew-tried-to-dig-up-dirt-on-giuffre/|title=Prince Andrew sought help of Met police officer in smearing Giuffre|work=The Telegraph|first1=Victoria|last1=Ward|first2=Hannah|last2=Furness|date=18 October 2025|access-date=19 October 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251018202702/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/royal-family/2025/10/18/prince-andrew-tried-to-dig-up-dirt-on-giuffre/|archive-date=18 October 2025|url-access=subscription|url-status=live}}</ref> The Metropolitan Police later announced they were assessing the alleged misuse of police resources and the claim that Andrew "pressured" the officer to "dig up dirt" on Giuffre.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2025/oct/19/met-prince-andrew-police-bodyguard-information-virginia-giuffre|title=Police looking into claims Prince Andrew asked officer to find information on Virginia Giuffre|work=The Guardian|first1=Eleni|last1=Courea|first2=Alexandra|last2=Topping|date=19 October 2025|access-date=19 October 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.the-independent.com/news/uk/home-news/prince-andrew-live-king-charles-york-titles-royals-b2847756.html|title=Prince Andrew latest: Police to look into claims Andrew pressured bodyguard to dig dirt on Virginia Giuffre|first=James C.|last=Reynold|work=The Independent|date=19 October 2025|accessdate=19 October 2025}}</ref>

Giuffre's posthumous memoir, ''[[Nobody's Girl (memoir)|Nobody's Girl]]'', was published in October 2025 and described her alleged encounters with Andrew.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Nanji |first1=Noor |last2=Wright |first2=George |date=20 October 2025 |title=Giuffre thought she might 'die a sex slave' at hands of Epstein and his circle, memoir reveals |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/articles/c1e3leqx89zo |archive-url= |archivedate= |accessdate=20 October 2025 |work=BBC News}}</ref> In it, she claimed that, in addition to his attempts to avoid being served papers related to her civil case against him, Andrew's team had tried "to hire internet trolls to hassle me".<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2025/oct/20/prince-andrew-internet-trolls-virginia-giuffre-book-nobodys-girl|title=Prince Andrew tried to hire 'internet trolls' to hassle Virginia Giuffre, book claims|work=The Guardian|first=Caroline|last=Davies|date=20 October 2025|access-date=21 October 2025}}</ref> Giuffre stated that her sexual encounter with him on 10 March 2001 was the first of three occasions where she was forced to have sex with him.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://people.com/virginia-giuffre-posthumous-memoir-biggest-bombshells-11833515|title=Virginia Giuffre's Posthumous Memoir: The Biggest Bombshells|first=KC|last=Baker|publisher=People|date=21 October 2025|accessdate=21 October 2025}}</ref>

In November 2025, the [[United States House Committee on Oversight and Government Reform|United States House Oversight Committee]] requested that Andrew testify to help them identify any of Epstein's co-conspirators and enablers, due to "well-documented allegations against you, along with your long-standing friendship with Mr. Epstein".<ref>{{Cite web |last1=O'Connor |first1=Lydia |last2=HuffPost |date=November 6, 2025 |title=House Summons Former Prince Andrew To Testify About Epstein |url=https://www.huffpost.com/entry/prince-andrew-epstein-testimony_n_690cd8d7e4b0799004d3a99d |access-date=November 6, 2025 |website=HuffPost |language=en}}</ref>

===''Newsnight'' interview===
{{main|Prince Andrew & the Epstein Scandal}}

In November 2019 the BBC's ''[[Newsnight]]'' arranged an interview between Andrew and the presenter [[Emily Maitlis]] in which he recounted his friendship with Epstein for the first time.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/live/uk-50447028?page=4|title=As it happened: Prince Andrew's Interview|website=BBC News|date=16 November 2019|access-date=16 November 2019}}</ref> In the interview Andrew says he met Epstein in 1999 through Maxwell; this contradicts comments made by Andrew's private secretary in 2011, who said the two met in "the early 1990s".<ref>{{cite news |title=Letter casts doubt on when prince met Epstein |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-50487104 |access-date=20 November 2019 |work=BBC News |date=20 November 2019}}</ref> He also said he did not regret his friendship with Epstein, saying "the people that I met and the opportunities that I was given to learn either by him or because of him were actually very useful".<ref name="Mansoor-2019">{{cite news |last1=Mansoor |first1=Sanya |last2=Haynes |first2=Suyin |title=Prince Andrew Says He Doesn't Regret His 'Very Useful' Relationship With Jeffrey Epstein |url=https://time.com/5731244/prince-andrew-interview-epstein/ |access-date=20 November 2019 |magazine=Time |date=17 November 2019}}</ref>

In the interview, Andrew denied having sex with Giuffre on 10 March 2001, as she had accused, because he had been at home with his daughters after attending a party at a [[PizzaExpress]] branch in [[Woking]] with his elder daughter, Beatrice.<ref>{{cite news|title=Prince Andrew denies sex with 17-year-old because he was 'at Pizza Express' on night in question |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/home-news/prince-andrew-interview-pizza-express-virginia-roberts-guiffre-jeffrey-epstein-newsnight-a9205916.html |website=[[The Independent]]|date=16 November 2019|access-date=17 November 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Prince Andrew denies sex with 17-year-old: 'I went to Pizza Express that day' |url=https://news.sky.com/story/prince-andrew-denies-sex-with-17-year-old-i-went-to-pizza-express-that-day-11862902 |website=[[Sky News]]|date=16 November 2019|access-date=17 November 2019}}</ref> Andrew also added that Giuffre's claims about dancing with him at [[Tramp (nightclub)|Tramp]] while he was sweaty were false due to him temporarily losing the ability to sweat after an "[[adrenaline]] overdose" during the Falklands War.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.theatlantic.com/health/archive/2019/11/prince-andrew-says-he-once-didnt-sweat-is-that-possible/602227/|title=The Man Who Did Not Sweat|publisher=The Atlantic|first=James|last=Hamblin|date=18 November 2019|access-date=20 November 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2 April 2022 |title='I returned a changed man': Prince Andrew deletes Falklands war post |url=https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2022/apr/02/i-returned-a-changed-man-prince-andrew-reflects-on-his-falklands-war-service |access-date=3 April 2022 |website=[[The Guardian]] |publisher=[[PA Media]] |language=en}}</ref> According to physicians consulted by ''[[The Times]]'', an adrenaline overdose typically causes excessive sweating in humans.<ref>{{cite news|last=Whipple|first=Tom|url=https://www.thetimes.com/uk/royal-family/article/why-cant-prince-andrew-sweat-the-answer-is-anhidrosis-cld20rds0|title=Why can't Prince Andrew sweat? The answer is anhidrosis | work=[[The Times]]|date=18 November 2019|access-date=20 November 2019|url-access=subscription}}</ref> He also said that he does not drink,<ref>{{Cite web |last=McElvoy |first=Anne |date=13 August 2021 |title=A majestic silence is no longer an option for Prince Andrew |url=https://www.standard.co.uk/comment/comment/silence-prince-andrew-virginia-giuffre-royal-family-b950508.html |access-date=21 April 2022 |website=Evening Standard |language=en}}</ref> despite Giuffre's account of him providing alcohol for them both.<ref>{{Cite news |date=17 November 2019 |title=Prince Andrew 'categorically' denies sex claims |language=en-GB |work=BBC News |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-50446065 |access-date=21 April 2022}}</ref> Accounts from other people have supported his statement that he does not drink.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Clarkson |first=Jeremy |title=All Prince Andrew's woes can be blamed on the bottle: he never has one in his manicured hands |newspaper=[[The Times]] |language=en |url=https://www.thetimes.com/life-style/sex-relationships/article/all-prince-andrews-woes-can-be-blamed-on-the-bottle-he-never-has-one-in-his-manicured-hands-s5c6tjnxc |access-date=21 April 2022 |issn=0140-0460 |url-access=subscription}}</ref>

Andrew said that he had stayed in Epstein's mansion for three days in 2010, after Epstein's conviction for sex offences against a minor, describing the location as "a convenient place to stay". He said that he met Epstein for the sole purpose of breaking off any future relationship with him.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Mohdin |first1=Aamna |title=Prince Andrew: I thought staying with Epstein was 'honourable thing' |url=https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2019/nov/16/prince-andrew-believed-staying-with-jeffrey-epstein-right-thing-to-do |access-date=20 November 2019 |work=The Guardian|date=16 November 2019}}</ref> He also said that he would be willing to testify under oath regarding his associations with Epstein.<ref name="Mansoor-2019"/> A series of emails published as part of a civil case in 2023 included snippets showing Andrew, Epstein and [[Jes Staley]] exchanging emails, which suggested that Andrew was in contact with Epstein on several occasions in 2010.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/royal-family/2023/07/21/prince-andrew-staley-epstein-maitlis-newsnight-contact/|title=Prince Andrew 'had dinner with Epstein', court documents claim|work=The Telegraph|first=Victoria|last=Ward|date=21 July 2023|accessdate=22 July 2023|url-access=subscription}}</ref> Another series of emails published in court documents from a different civil case showed that in February 2011 Epstein was in contact with a "member of the British Royal Family", believed to be Andrew.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/cp8qz22dqdzo|title=Andrew emails show contact with Epstein lasted beyond 2010|work=BBC News|first=Sean|last=Coughlan|date=31 January 2025|access-date=31 January 2025}}</ref> In October 2025, ''The Mail on Sunday'' and ''The Sun on Sunday'' published an email from Andrew to Epstein, sent in February 2011 shortly after the photograph of Andrew with Giuffre was made public. In it, Andrew wrote: "We are in this together and will have to rise above it. Otherwise keep in close touch and we'll play some more soon!!!!"<ref>{{cite news |last=Booth |first=Robert |date=12 October 2025 |title=Prince Andrew told Jeffrey Epstein 'we're in this together' in 2011 email |url=https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2025/oct/12/prince-andrew-told-jeffrey-epstein-were-in-this-together-in-2011-email |access-date=18 October 2025 |work=The Guardian}}</ref> In November 2025 the United States House Oversight Committee released further emails that showed Andrew had contacted both Epstein and Maxwell in March 2011, telling the latter "I can't take any more of this" following the allegations published in ''The Mail on Sunday''.<ref name="Nov25-emails">{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2025/nov/13/latest-epstein-emails-cast-further-doubt-andrew-claim-cutting-ties|title=Latest Epstein emails cast further doubt on Andrew’s claim of cutting ties|work=The Guardian|first=Matthew|last=Weaver|date=13 November 2025|access-date=13 November 2025}}</ref> In another email, Andrew stated "Please make sure that every statement or legal letter states clearly that I am NOT involved and that I knew and know NOTHING about any of these allegations."<ref name="Nov25-emails"/> Epstein also emailed a journalist to investigate "Andrew's accuser" and stated in a separate email discussing Giuffre "Yes she was on my plane, and yes she had her picture taken with Andrew, as many of my employees have."<ref name="Nov25-emails"/>

The interview was believed by Maitlis and ''Newsnight'' to have been approved by the Queen,<ref>{{cite news |title=Queen approved Andrew's 'disastrous' interview, Emily Maitlis says |url=https://www.itv.com/news/2019-11-18/queen-approved-andrews-disastrous-interview-emily-maitlis-says/ |access-date=20 November 2019 |work=ITV News}}</ref> although "palace insiders" speaking to ''[[The Sunday Telegraph]]'' disputed this.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Tominey |first1=Camilla |last2=Ward |first2=Victoria |title=Queen did not approve Prince Andrew's excruciating Newsnight interview |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/royal-family/2019/11/17/queen-did-not-approve-prince-andrews-excruciating-newsnight/ |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220110/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/royal-family/2019/11/17/queen-did-not-approve-prince-andrews-excruciating-newsnight/ |archive-date=10 January 2022 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |access-date=20 November 2019 |work=The Sunday Telegraph |date=17 November 2019}}{{cbignore}}</ref> One of Andrew's official advisors resigned just prior to the interview being aired.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Sandler |first1=Rachel |title=Prince Andrew's PR Advisor Reportedly Quit Over BBC Interview About Jeffrey Epstein |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/rachelsandler/2019/11/17/prince-andrews-pr-adviser-reportedly-quit-over-jeffery-epstein-bbc-interview/#d4b8b3c777f0 |access-date=20 November 2019 |work=Forbes |date=17 November 2019}}</ref> Although Andrew was pleased with the outcome of the interview – reportedly giving Maitlis and the ''Newsnight'' team a tour of Buckingham Palace<ref>{{cite news |last1=Waterson |first1=Jim |title='He was incredibly gracious after': Newsnight team say Andrew was pleased with interview |url=https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2019/nov/17/meetings-rehearsals-and-approval-from-mum-newsnights-prince-andrew-coup |access-date=20 November 2019 |work=The Guardian|date=17 November 2019}}</ref> – it received negative reactions from both the media and the public, both in and outside of the UK. The interview was described as a "car crash", "nuclear explosion level bad",<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/europe/prince-andrews-epstein-interview-roundly-panned-nuclear-explosion-level-bad/2019/11/17/62b28a02-094b-11ea-8054-289aef6e38a3_story.html|title=Prince Andrew's Epstein interview roundly panned: 'nuclear explosion level bad'|newspaper=The Washington Post|first=Karla|last=Adam|date=17 November 2019|access-date=17 November 2019|url-access=subscription}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://edition.cnn.com/2019/11/17/uk/prince-andrew-tv-interview-scli-gbr-intl/index.html|title=Prince Andrew sparks near-universal condemnation with TV interview|publisher=CNN|first=Aimee|last=Lewis|date=17 November 2019|access-date=17 November 2019}}</ref> and the worst [[public relations]] crisis for the royal family since the [[death of Diana, Princess of Wales]]. Experts and those with ties to Buckingham Palace said that the interview, its fallout and the abrupt suspension of Andrew's royal duties were unprecedented.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Landler |first1=Mark |title=After Disastrous Epstein Interview, Prince Andrew Steps Down From Public Duties |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2019/11/20/world/europe/prince-andrew-quits-epstein.html |access-date=20 November 2019 |work=The New York Times |date=20 November 2019 |url-access=limited}}</ref>

===Lawsuit===
{{main|Virginia Giuffre v. Prince Andrew}}

In August 2021 Giuffre sued Andrew in the federal District Court for the Southern District of New York, accusing him of "sexual assault and intentional infliction of emotional distress". The lawsuit was filed under New York's Child Victims Act, legislation extending the statute of limitations where the plaintiff had been under 18 at the time, 17 in Giuffre's case.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Walters |first1=Joanna |title=Epstein accuser Virginia Giuffre sues Prince Andrew |url=https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2021/aug/09/virginia-giuffre-sues-prince-andrew-jeffrey-epstein |website=The Guardian |date=9 August 2021 |access-date=9 August 2021}}</ref> On 29 October 2021 Andrew's lawyers filed a response, stating that their client "unequivocally denies Giuffre's false allegations".<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.edinburghlive.co.uk/news/uk-world-news/prince-andrew-unequivocally-denies-virginia-22018472|title=Prince Andrew 'unequivocally denies' Virginia Giuffre sexual assault claims|agency=PA Media|date=30 October 2021|website=edinburghlive}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cnn.com/2021/10/29/world/prince-andrew-response-us-sexual-assault-case-intl/index.html|title=Prince Andrew's attorneys ask to dismiss US sex assault lawsuit saying it violates the terms of a settlement agreement|work=CNN|first=Sonia|last=Moghe|date=30 October 2021|access-date=30 October 2021}}</ref> On 12 January 2022 Judge Kaplan rejected Andrew's attempts to dismiss the case, allowing the sexual abuse lawsuit to proceed.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2022/jan/12/prince-andrew-case-proceed-latest-ruling-virginia-giuffre|title=Prince Andrew rejected in effort to get US sexual abuse case dismissed|date=12 January 2022|website=The Guardian|first=Victoria|last=Bekiempis |access-date=12 January 2022}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-59871514|title=Prince Andrew to face civil sex assault case after US ruling|date=12 January 2022|work=BBC|accessdate=12 January 2022}}</ref> In February, the case was settled out of court, with Andrew making a donation to Giuffre's charity for victims of abuse, without any admission of liability.<ref>{{cite news |last=O'Connor |first=Mary |date=15 February 2022 |title=Prince Andrew settles US civil sex assault case |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-60393843 |access-date=15 February 2022 |website=BBC News}}</ref> The amount had not been disclosed {{As of|2025|lc=y}}, but was widely reported to have been £12m.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Gecsoyler|first1=Sammy|last2=McKelvie|first2=Geraldine|title=York MP calls on royal family to explain source of £12m Virginia Giuffre payment|newspaper=The Guardian|date=18 October 2025|url=https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2025/oct/18/york-mp-calls-on-royal-family-to-explain-source-of-12m-virginia-giuffre-payment}}</ref> Criminal proceedings in the United States over Giuffre's claims remained possible.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.smh.com.au/national/royal-roadkill-the-downfall-of-britain-s-prince-andrew-20220120-p59pyd.html|title=Royal roadkill: The downfall of Britain's Prince Andrew|work=[[The Sydney Morning Herald]]|first=Nick|last=Bryant|date=26 March 2022|accessdate=27 March 2022}}</ref>

===Repercussions===
On 20 November 2019, Buckingham Palace announced that Andrew was suspending his public duties "for the foreseeable future". The decision, made with the consent of the Queen, was accompanied by the insistence that Andrew sympathise with Epstein's victims.<ref>{{cite news |last=Quinn |first=Ben |url=https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2019/nov/20/prince-andrew-to-step-back-from-public-duties-for-foreseeable-future|title=Prince Andrew to step back from public duties 'for foreseeable future'|work=[[The Guardian]]|location=London, England|date=20 November 2019|access-date=20 November 2019}}</ref> Other working royals took over his commitments in the short term.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-50498156|title=Prince Andrew seen for first time since stepping back from royal duties|website=BBC News|date=21 November 2019|access-date=21 November 2019}}</ref> On 24 November the palace confirmed that Andrew was to step down from all 230 of his patronages, although he expressed a wish to have some sort of public role at some future time.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2019/nov/24/prince-andrew-to-withdraw-from-scores-of-charities|title=Prince Andrew to stand aside from all 230 of his patronages|newspaper=The Guardian|first=Robert|last=Booth|date=24 November 2019|access-date=24 November 2019}}</ref>

On 16 January 2020 it was reported that the [[Home Office]] was recommending "a major downgrade of security" for Andrew, which would put an end to "his round-the-clock armed police protection".<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2020/jan/16/prince-andrew-home-office-recommends-downgrade-of-security|title=Prince Andrew: Home Office 'recommends downgrade of security'|newspaper=The Guardian|first=Caroline|last=Davies|date=16 January 2020|access-date=16 January 2020}}</ref> On 28 January 2020 the American lawyer [[Geoffrey Berman]] stated that Andrew had provided "zero co-operation" with federal prosecutors and the [[Federal Bureau of Investigation]] regarding the ongoing investigations, despite his initial promise in the ''Newsnight'' interview when he said he was willing to help the authorities.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-51277647|title=Jeffrey Epstein accusers outraged by Prince Andrew's 'lack of co-operation'|publisher=BBC|date=28 January 2020|access-date=28 January 2020}}</ref> Sources close to Andrew said that he "hasn't been approached" by US authorities and investigators,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2020/jan/29/prince-andrew-angry-claims-not-cooperating-jeffrey-epstein-inquiry|title=Prince Andrew 'angry' at claims he is not cooperating on Epstein inquiry|newspaper=The Guardian|first=Caroline|last=Davies|date=29 January 2020|access-date=29 January 2020}}</ref> and his legal team announced that he had offered to be a witness "on at least three occasions" but had been refused by the Department of Justice.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-52969699|title=Prince Andrew 'offered to help Jeffrey Epstein prosecutors'|work=BBC News|date=8 June 2020|access-date=8 June 2020}}</ref> The US authorities responded to the claim and denied being approached by Andrew for an interview and labelled his statements as a way "to falsely portray himself to the public as eager and willing to cooperate".<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-britain-royals-andrew-epstein/u-s-prosecutors-say-britains-prince-andrew-not-cooperating-in-epstein-probe-idUSKBN23F1U2|title=U.S. prosecutors say Britain's Prince Andrew not cooperating in Epstein probe|publisher=Reuters|first1=Mark|last1=Hosenball|first2=Michael|last2=Holden|date=8 June 2020|access-date=27 February 2021}}</ref> [[Spencer Kuvin]], who represented nine of Epstein's victims, said Andrew could be arrested if he ever returns to the United States.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.heraldscotland.com/news/20252056.prince-andrew-issued-arrest-warning-ghislaine-maxwell-jailed/|title=Prince Andrew issued arrest warning after Ghislaine Maxwell is jailed|work=The Herald|first=Kieran|last=Doody|date=2 July 2022|accessdate=2 July 2022}}</ref>

In March 2020 Andrew hired Mark Gallagher, a crisis-management expert who had helped high-profile clients falsely accused by [[Operation Midland]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/royal-family/2020/03/10/prince-andrew-hires-pr-man-advised-vips-falsely-accused-child/ |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220110/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/royal-family/2020/03/10/prince-andrew-hires-pr-man-advised-vips-falsely-accused-child/ |archive-date=10 January 2022 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live|title=Prince Andrew hires PR man who advised VIPs falsely accused of child sex abuse|newspaper=The Daily Telegraph|first1=Camilla|last1=Tominey|first2=Victoria|last2=Ward|date=10 March 2020|access-date=1 June 2020}}{{cbignore}}</ref> In April 2020 it was reported that the [[Duke of York Young Champions Trophy]] would not be played any more, after all activities carried out by the Prince Andrew Charitable Trust were stopped.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bunkered.co.uk/golf-news/axed-prince-andrewss-junior-golf-tournament-is-scrapped|title=AXED! – Prince Andrew's junior golf tournament is scrapped|magazine=[[Bunkered]]|date=25 April 2020|access-date=25 April 2020}}</ref> In May 2020 it was announced that Andrew would permanently resign from all public roles over his Epstein ties.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Nikkhah |first=Roya |date=21 May 2020 |title=Prince Andrew didn't think it was all over, but it is now |url=https://www.thetimes.com/article/prince-andrew-didn-t-think-it-was-all-over-but-it-is-now-rhg2trxb7 |url-access=subscription |access-date=20 July 2020 |work=[[The Times]]}}</ref>

In June 2020 it became known that Andrew is a person of interest in a criminal investigation in the United States, and that U.S. prosecutors had filed a [[mutual legal assistance]] request to British authorities, seeking to question Andrew.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://abcnews.go.com/US/ny-prosecutors-request-testimony-prince-andrew-part-jeffrey/story?id=71125802|title=NY prosecutors request testimony from Prince Andrew as part of Jeffrey Epstein investigation|first1=Aaron|last1=Katersky|first2=James|last2=Hill|first3=Josh|last3=Margolin|website=ABC News|date=8 June 2020|access-date=9 June 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.nbcnews.com/news/world/prosecutors-formally-request-talk-prince-andrew-epstein-investigation-n1227146|title=Prosecutors formally request to talk with Prince Andrew in Epstein investigation|website=NBC News|first1=Tom|last1=Winter|first2=Yuliya|last2=Talmazan|date=7 June 2020|access-date=9 June 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=16 August 2021|title=Prince Andrew 'a person of interest' in Epstein probe – source|url=https://www.reuters.com/world/uk/prince-andrew-a-person-interest-epstein-probe-source-2021-08-16/|access-date=19 August 2021|work=Reuters|language=en}}</ref> Following the arrest of Maxwell in July 2020, Andrew cancelled a planned trip to Spain, reportedly due to fears that he might be arrested and extradited to the United States.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.news.com.au/entertainment/celebrity-life/royals/prince-andrews-nervous-move-amid-jeffrey-epstein-probe/news-story/7e955d0972456485050a9ca131487762|title=Prince Andrew's 'nervous' move after Ghislaine Maxwell's arrest|date=6 July 2020|website=NewsComAu|accessdate=13 September 2021}}</ref> In the 2019 BBC interview, Andrew told ''Newsnight'' his association with Epstein derived from his long-standing friendship with Maxwell, who was later convicted of colluding in Epstein's sexual abuse.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-us-canada-59780323|title=Ghislaine Maxwell: What the trial means for Prince Andrew|work=BBC|first=Dominic|last=Casciani|date=30 December 2021|accessdate=1 January 2022}}</ref>

At least two trespassing incidents at his Windsor residence were reported in early 2021. In December he was verbally abused by a woman as he was driving.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/royal-family/2022/08/11/prince-andrew-continues-receive-taxpayer-funded-police-protection/|title=Taxpayers still forking out eye-watering sum to fund Prince Andrew's police protection|work=The Telegraph|first=Victoria|last=Ward|date=11 August 2022|accessdate=13 August 2022|url-access=subscription}}</ref>

====2022&ndash;2024====
In January 2022 Andrew's social media accounts were deleted, his page on the royal family's website was rewritten in the past tense and his military affiliations and patronages were removed to put an emphasis on his departure from public life.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2022/jan/19/prince-andrew-social-media-accounts-deleted-as-he-fights-us-lawsuit|title=Prince Andrew's social media accounts deleted as he fights US lawsuit|work=[[The Guardian]]|first=Caroline|last=Davies|date=19 January 2022|accessdate=19 January 2022}}</ref> He also stopped using the style [[His Royal Highness]] (HRH), though it was not formally removed.<ref name="BBC News-2022a" /> In the same month, [[York Racecourse]] announced that it would rename the [[Duke of York Stakes]],<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/royal-family/2022/01/19/minister-accuses-prince-andrew-keeping-horrifically-ill-advised/|title=Minister accuses Prince Andrew of keeping 'horrifically ill-advised' company|work=[[The Daily Telegraph]]|first=Gareth|last=Davies|date=19 January 2022|accessdate=19 January 2022|url-access=subscription}}</ref> and [[Prince Andrew High School]] in Nova Scotia, which had announced two years earlier that it was considering a name change,<ref>{{cite news |author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--> |title=Officials ponder name change for Prince Andrew High School in Nova Scotia after complaints |url=https://nationalpost.com/news/n-s-school-named-for-prince-andrew-responding-to-community-complaints |work=National Post |date=16 December 2019}}</ref> stated that it would have a new name at the next academic year.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/nova-scotia/prince-andrew-high-to-get-a-new-name-next-school-year-1.6319796|title=Prince Andrew High to get a new name next school year|work=CBC News|date=18 January 2022|accessdate=19 January 2022}}</ref> In February 2022 [[Belfast City Council]] and the [[Northern Ireland Assembly]] decided not to fly a [[union flag]] for Andrew's birthday.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-northern-ireland-60223095|title=Prince Andrew: Council agrees not to fly union flag on birthday|work=[[BBC]]|first=Mark|last=Simpson|date=1 February 2022|accessdate=2 February 2022}}</ref> In the same month, the [[Mid and East Antrim Borough Council]] announced that they would hold a debate in June 2022 regarding a motion to rename Prince Andrew Way in [[Carrickfergus]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-northern-ireland-60404014|title=Prince Andrew Way in Carrickfergus may be renamed|work=BBC|first=Mark|last=Simpson|date=16 February 2022|accessdate=17 February 2022}}</ref> On 27 April 2022 [[York City Council]] unanimously voted to remove Andrew's [[Freedom of the City#Freedom of the City of York|Freedom of the City]].<ref name="Sky News-2022">{{cite web|url=https://news.sky.com/story/prince-andrew-york-councillors-unanimously-vote-to-remove-dukes-freedom-of-the-city-12600283|title=Prince Andrew: York councillors unanimously vote to remove Duke's freedom of the city|work=[[Sky News]]|date=27 April 2022|accessdate=27 April 2022}}</ref> [[Rachael Maskell]], Labour MP for [[York Central (UK Parliament constituency)|York Central]], said Andrew was the "first to ever have their freedom removed".<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-york-north-yorkshire-61247885|title=Prince Andrew: Duke of York loses Freedom of City honour|work=BBC News|date=27 April 2022|accessdate=27 April 2022}}</ref> In June 2022 Maskell introduced a 'Removal of Titles' [[Private Members' Bills in the Parliament of the United Kingdom|private members bill]] in the House of Commons.<ref name="BBC News-2022b"/> The bill would have enabled people considered unworthy to be stripped of aristocratic titles by the monarch or a committee of Parliament.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.independent.ie/world-news/europe/britain/prince-andrew-duke-of-york-and-dubious-peers-could-be-stripped-of-their-titles-41777630.html|title=Prince Andrew Duke of York and 'dubious' peers 'could be stripped of their titles'|work=[[Irish Independent]]|first=Martina|last=Bet|date=22 June 2022|accessdate=22 June 2022}}</ref><ref name="BBC News-2022b">{{cite news |date=21 June 2022 |title=Prince Andrew: Duke of York could lose title if bill becomes law |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-york-north-yorkshire-61880719 |accessdate=10 April 2024 |work=BBC News}}</ref>

In March 2022 Andrew made his first official appearance in months, helping the Queen to walk into Westminster Abbey for a memorial service for his father, the Duke of Edinburgh.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Turner |first1=Lauren |title=Queen attends Prince Philip memorial service at Westminster Abbey |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-60902088 |work=BBC News |date=29 March 2022 |accessdate=29 March 2022}}</ref> There was a mixed reaction by commentators to his presence, with some saying that it would send the wrong message to victims of sexual abuse "about how powerful men are able to absolve themselves from their conduct" and others arguing that his appearance was required as "a son, in memory of his father".<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2022/mar/29/was-prince-andrews-role-at-service-a-bid-to-rehabilitate-soiled-royal|title=Was Prince Andrew's role at service a bid to rehabilitate 'soiled royal'?|work=[[The Guardian]]|first=Rachel|last=Hall|date=29 March 2022|accessdate=30 March 2022}}</ref>

In June 2022 Andrew took part in private aspects of the [[Garter Day]] ceremony, including lunch and investiture of new members, but was excluded from the public procession following an intervention by his brother Charles and his nephew [[William, Prince of Wales|William]] that banned him from appearing anywhere the public could see him.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2022/jun/13/prince-andrew-barred-from-procession-lobbing-charles-william-duke-of-york-garter-windsor|title=Prince Andrew misses Windsor Castle procession after 'family decision'|work=[[The Guardian]]|first=Caroline|last=Davies|date=13 June 2022|accessdate=13 June 2022}}</ref>

Following the [[death of Queen Elizabeth II]] on 8 September 2022, Andrew appeared in civilian clothing at various ceremonial events.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Davies |first1=Caroline |title=Prince Andrew unlikely to resume royal duties under King Charles |url=https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2022/sep/12/prince-andrew-unlikely-to-resume-royal-duties-king-charles-queen-role-state-funeral |access-date=13 September 2022 |work=The Guardian |date=12 September 2022}}</ref> As he walked behind his mother's coffin in a funeral procession in Edinburgh on 12 September, a 22-year-old man shouted "Andrew, you're a sick old man"; the heckler was arrested and charged with committing a [[breach of the peace]],<ref>{{Cite web |date=12 September 2022 |title=Man arrested after Prince Andrew heckled as he follows Queen's coffin in Edinburgh |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/home-news/prince-andrew-queen-coffin-edinburgh-b2165473.html |access-date=13 September 2022 |website=The Independent |first=Lamiat |last=Sabin |language=en}}</ref> but the [[procurator fiscal]] later dropped charges against the man after an unspecified alternative to prosecution was agreed to.<ref>[https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2022/nov/22/prince-andrew-heckler-not-face-court-prosecutors-say Prince Andrew 'heckler' will not face court, prosecutors say], [[PA Media]] (22 November 2022).</ref>

Andrew wore military uniform for a 15-minute [[Vigil of the Princes|vigil by the Queen's coffin]] at [[Westminster Hall]] on 16 September.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Davies |first1=Caroline |title=King Charles to lead siblings in vigil over Queen's coffin in Westminster Hall |url=https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2022/sep/15/king-charles-to-lead-siblings-in-vigil-over-queens-coffin-in-westminster-hall |access-date=16 September 2022 |work=BBC News |date=15 September 2022}}</ref>

In October 2022 it was reported that Andrew no longer received any government funding.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Tominey |first=Camilla |date=19 October 2022 |title=How Prince Andrew fills his days since his fall from grace |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/royal-family/2022/10/19/how-prince-andrew-fills-days-since-fall-grace/ |url-access=subscription |accessdate=22 February 2023 |work=The Telegraph}}</ref> In November 2022 it was reported that he was set to lose his police protection as he was no longer expected to carry out public duties in accordance with King Charles's wishes.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.thetimes.com/uk/royal-family/article/prince-andrew-furious-after-losing-his-police-protection-zr5m3f0t7|title=Prince Andrew 'furious' after losing his police protection|work=[[The Times]]|first=Dominic|last=Kennedy|date=28 November 2022|access-date=30 November 2022|url-access=subscription}}</ref> In December 2022 ''The Telegraph'' reported that Andrew had written to the Home Office and the Metropolitan Police to complain about the situation.<ref name="Ward-2022">{{cite web|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/royal-family/2022/12/19/king-charles-pay-duke-yorks-private-security-refusing-do-prince/|title=King Charles to likely pay for Prince Andrew's private security – after refusing to do so for Harry|work=The Telegraph|first=Victoria|last=Ward|date=19 December 2022|accessdate=19 December 2022|url-access=subscription}}</ref> His armed personal protection officers were expected to be replaced by private security guards, who are likely to be paid for by Charles, at an estimated cost of up to £3 million a year.<ref name="Ward-2022"/> In January 2023 it was reported that he could no longer use his suite of rooms at Buckingham Palace.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/life-style/royal-family/prince-andrew-king-charles-buckingham-palace-b2269728.html|title=King Charles 'tells Prince Andrew there is no place' for him at Buckingham Palace|work=The Independent|first=Kate|last=Ng|date=27 January 2023|accessdate=28 January 2023}}</ref> In August 2024 ''The Telegraph'' reported that King Charles would be withdrawing funds for Andrew's security by the end of October, which would require him to pay for future security operations at his Royal Lodge home.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/royal-family/2024/08/18/king-axes-duke-york-security-team-royal-lodge-andrew-prince/|title=King axes Duke of York's security team|work=The Telegraph|first=Victoria|last=Ward|date=18 August 2024|accessdate=18 August 2024|url-access=subscription}}</ref>

====2025====
{{Further|#Titles and styles}}
On 2 November 2025, Defence Secretary [[John Healey]] confirmed that Andrew's [[Vice-admiral (Royal Navy)|honorary rank of vice-admiral]], which he retained after relinquishing other military titles in 2022, would be removed, following direction from Charles III.<ref>Kiran Stacey, [https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2025/nov/02/andrew-to-be-stripped-of-naval-title-says-uk-defence-secretary Andrew to be stripped of naval title, says UK defence secretary], ''The Guardian'' (2 November 2025).</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Nanji |first1=Noor |last2=Kuenssberg |first2=Laura |date=2 November 2025 |title=King wants Andrew to lose final military title, minister says |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/articles/c8675l25591o |access-date=2 November 2025 |work=BBC News}}</ref> However, the King allowed his brother to keep his [[South Atlantic Medal]] with rosette, which he earned for service in the 1982 Falklands War.<ref>Caroline Davies, [https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2025/nov/05/andrew-keep-falklands-medal-losing-royal-military-titles Andrew allowed to keep Falklands medal despite losing royal and military titles], ''The Guardian'' (5 November 2025).</ref> On 3 November, [[Letters patent (United Kingdom)|letters patent]] were issued removing Andrew's style of "[[Royal Highness]]" and title "prince". As a result, he now uses the family surname of [[Mountbatten-Windsor]].<ref name="Gazette-Removals" /> His appointments to the [[Royal Victorian Order]] and [[Order of the Garter]] will be or have already been removed,<ref name="Torrance">{{cite web |last=Torrance |first=David |date=3 November 2025 |title=Research Briefing: The removal of titles and honours |url=https://commonslibrary.parliament.uk/research-briefings/cbp-10370/ |publisher=[[House of Commons Library]]}}</ref> and his banner was removed from [[St George's Chapel, Windsor Castle]], the chapel of the Order of the Garter.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/c867j2wyxj0o|title=Prince Andrew's banner removed from chapel at Windsor Castle|publisher=BBC News|date=24 October 2025|author=Kathryn Armstrong}}</ref> Later that month, Andrew's life membership of the [[Savage Club]] was withdrawn,<ref>{{cite news |author=Hope |first=Christopher |date=14 November 2025 |title=Andrew savaged in clubland |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2025/11/14/andrew-savaged-in-clubland/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251115185304/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2025/11/14/andrew-savaged-in-clubland/ |archive-date=15 November 2025 |work=The Daily Telegraph}}</ref> and several commemorative plaques bearing his name were removed from various locations in the [[Falkland Islands]].<ref>{{cite news |last=Wootton-Cane |first=Nicole |last2=Gooch |first2=Bryony |date=17 November 2025 |title=Andrew Mountbatten-Windsor’s name stripped from Falklands plaques |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/home-news/prince-andrew-falklands-epstein-latest-b2866301.html |access-date=19 November 2025 |work=The Independent}}</ref>

==Allegations regarding behaviour==
===Racist language===
Rohan Silva, a former Downing Street aide, claimed that, when they met in 2012, Andrew had commented, "Well, if you'll pardon the expression, that really is the [[nigger in the woodpile]]."<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2019/nov/18/prince-andrew-used-n-word-former-no-10-aide-claims|title=Prince Andrew used the N-word, former No 10 aide claims|last=Waterson|first=Jim|date=18 November 2019|via=www.theguardian.com|newspaper=The Guardian}}</ref> The former home secretary [[Jacqui Smith]] also claims that he made a racist comment about [[Arabs]] during a state dinner for the [[Saudi royal family]] in 2007.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Davies |first1=Gareth |title=Prince Andrew made 'racist' comment about Arabs, ex-home secretary says |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/royal-family/2019/11/19/politician-breaks-ranks-label-prince-andrew-complete-disgrace/ |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220110/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/royal-family/2019/11/19/politician-breaks-ranks-label-prince-andrew-complete-disgrace/ |archive-date=10 January 2022 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |newspaper=The Telegraph |access-date=19 November 2019|date=19 November 2019 }}{{cbignore}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=O'Neill |first1=Sean |title=Prince Andrew was racist about Arabs at state banquet, claims former home secretary Jacqui Smith |url=https://www.thetimes.com/uk/crime/article/prince-andrew-was-racist-about-arabs-at-state-banquet-claims-former-home-secretary-jacqui-smith-wrbqjgzxw |newspaper=[[The Times]] |access-date=19 November 2019|date=19 November 2019 |url-access=subscription }}</ref> Buckingham Palace denied that Andrew had used racist language on either occasion.<ref>{{Cite web | url=https://www.theaustralian.com.au/world/the-times/former-british-home-secretary-accuses-prince-andrew-of-racism/news-story/6c9de3b5dab38bc6e64487377332b810 |title = Former British home secretary accuses Prince Andrew of racism | url-access=subscription | website=The Australian}}</ref>

===Treatment of others===
During his four-day [[Southern California]] tour in 1984, Andrew squirted paint onto American and British journalists and photographers who were reporting on the tour, after which he told Los Angeles county supervisor [[Kenneth Hahn]], "I enjoyed that."<ref name="Childress-1984">{{cite web|url=https://www.upi.com/Archives/1984/04/24/Crown-may-pay-for-cameras-clothes-sprayed-by-prince/1107451630800/|title=Crown may pay for cameras, clothes sprayed by prince|work=UPI|first=Deirdre|last=Childress|date=24 April 1984|accessdate=25 January 2022}}</ref> The incident damaged the clothes and equipment of reporters and the ''[[Los Angeles Herald Examiner]]'' submitted a $1,200 bill to the [[List of diplomatic missions of the United Kingdom#Americas|British consulate]] asking for financial compensation.<ref name="Childress-1984"/>

''[[The Guardian]]'' wrote in 2022, "his brusque manner with servants is well-documented. A senior [[footman]] once told a reporter who worked undercover at Buckingham Palace that on waking Andrew "the response can easily be 'fuck off' as 'good morning{{'"}}.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2022/jan/08/royals-await-anxiously-the-fallout-from-prince-andrews-disgrace|title=Royals await anxiously the fallout from Prince Andrew's disgrace|date=8 January 2022|accessdate=9 January 2022|work=The Guardian|first=Andrew|last=Anthony}}</ref> Former royal protection officer Paul Page said, in an [[ITV (TV network)|ITV]] documentary, that Andrew maintained a collection of "50 or 60 stuffed toys" and if they "weren't put back in the right order by the maids, he would shout and scream and become verbally abusive".<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/ghislaine-maxwell-itv-page-prince-two-b1994572.html|title=Andrew's teddy bear collection was not to be disturbed, claims documentary|work=The Independent|date=17 January 2022|accessdate=17 January 2022}}</ref> Page later stated in the documentary ''Prince Andrew: Banished'' that different women would visit Andrew every day, and when one was denied entry into his residence by the security Andrew allegedly called one of the officers a "fat, lardy cunt" over the phone. Page, who was sentenced to jail for fraud in a property scheme, said of Andrew: "He's a bully."<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.the-independent.com/news/world/americas/prince-andrew-jeffrey-epstein-sex-trafficking-b2199354.html|title=New documentary takes aim at disgraced Prince Andrew: 'Runt of the litter' and 'idiot'|work=The Independent|first=Sheila|last=Flynn|date=10 October 2022|access-date=25 October 2025}}</ref>

Andrew's former maid, Charlotte Briggs, also recalled setting up the teddy bears on his bed and told ''[[The Sun (United Kingdom)|The Sun]]'' that when she was bitten by his [[Norfolk Terrier]] in 1996 he only laughed and "wasn't bothered".<ref name="Cartwright-2022">{{cite web|url=https://www.news.com.au/entertainment/celebrity-life/royals/former-palace-maid-spills-on-prince-andrews-entitled-demands/news-story/de6a4f333b55090f4e154915d0258d34|title=Former palace maid spills on Prince Andrew's 'entitled' demands|website=news.com.au|first=Lexie|last=Cartwright|date=22 January 2022|accessdate=25 January 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.womanandhome.com/us/life/royal-news/prince-andrew-laughed-when-his-dog-bit-maid-leaving-her-bleeding/|title=Prince Andrew laughed when his dog bit maid, leaving her 'bleeding'|work=Woman & Home|first=Aoife|last=Hanna|date=21 January 2022|accessdate=25 January 2022}}</ref> She said that she was reduced to tears by Andrew for not properly closing the heavy curtains in his office and added that his behaviour was in contrast to that of his brothers Charles and Edward who "weren't anything like him" and his father Philip whom she described as "so nice and gentlemanly".<ref name="Cartwright-2022"/>

Emma Gruenbaum, a massage therapist, told ''The Sun'' that Andrew regularly overstepped the mark, making creepy sexual comments when she came to give him a massage. Gruenbaum said he talked continually about sex during the first massage and wanted to know when she last had sex. Gruenbaum said Andrew arranged regular massages for roughly two months, and she believed requests for massages stopped when he realised he would not get more.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/home-news/prince-andrew-royal-massage-physiotherapist-b2012935.html|title=Prince Andrew 'was constant sex pest' to massage therapist|work=[[The Independent]]|first=Chiara|last=Giordano|date=11 February 2022|accessdate=12 February 2022}}</ref>

In 2025, [[Andrew Lownie]] claimed in his book ''[[Entitled: The Rise and Fall of the House of York]]'' that Andrew reprimanded a palace employee for not using the proper name and title when referring to his grandmother [[Queen Elizabeth The Queen Mother]] by calling him a "fucking imbecile".<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2025/aug/06/key-takeaways-from-explosive-claims-made-in-biography-on-prince-andrew|title=Key takeaways from explosive claims made in biography of Prince Andrew|work=The Guardian|first=Caroline|last=Davies|date=6 August 2025|access-date=8 August 2025}}</ref> Another employee recounted how he would "explode one minute and then try to take it back the next".<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.thetimes.com/culture/books/article/entitled-rise-fall-house-york-andrew-lownie-review-prince-andrew-n3gjpf5sc|title=The life of Prince Andrew is 'a black comedy and a tragedy'|work=The Times|first=Kate|last=Mansey|date=8 August 2025|access-date=8 August 2025}}</ref>

==Titles, styles, honours and arms==

===Titles and styles===
[[File:Royal Monogram Of Prince Andrew Of Great Britain.svg|thumb|right|upright=0.4|Monogram]]
As a son of the reigning monarch, he was styled at birth as "His [[Royal Highness]] The Prince Andrew".<ref name=Titles/> On 23 July 1986, the day of his wedding, he was created [[Duke of York]], [[Earl of Inverness]], and [[Baron Killyleagh]], and assumed the style "His Royal Highness The Duke of York". He was occasionally known as Earl of Inverness in Scotland and Baron Killyleagh in [[Northern Ireland]].<ref name=Titles>{{cite web|url=http://www.royal.gov.uk/ThecurrentRoyalFamily/TheDukeofYork/Styleandtitles.aspx |title=The Duke of York – Style and titles |publisher=royal.gov.uk |access-date=25 April 2015 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150505193349/http://www.royal.gov.uk/ThecurrentRoyalFamily/TheDukeofYork/Styleandtitles.aspx |archive-date=5 May 2015 }}</ref><ref>{{cite magazine |last=Coke |first=Hope |url=https://www.tatler.com/gallery/royal-family-regional-titles |title=A comprehensive guide to the Royal Family's regional titles |date=20 May 2021|magazine=[[Tatler]] |access-date=27 May 2021 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.townandcountrymag.com/society/tradition/g26783028/british-royal-family-full-titles-names/ |title=A Guide to Royal Family Titles, from the Queen's Specific Styling to Prince Harry's Scottish Moniker |date=6 June 2019|work=Town & Country |access-date=27 May 2021 }}</ref>[[File:Procession to Lying-in-State of Elizabeth II at Westminster Hall - 55.jpg|thumb|Procession from [[Buckingham Palace]] to [[Westminster Hall]] for the [[Death and state funeral of Elizabeth II|lying-in-state of Queen Elizabeth II]] on 14 September 2022]]
In 2019, in light of Andrew's friendship with the convicted sex offender Epstein, residents of [[Inverness]] started a campaign to strip him of his [[earl]]dom, saying that "it is inappropriate that Prince Andrew is associated with our beautiful city".<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.inverness-courier.co.uk/news/petition-points-to-exit-for-prince-andrew-186645/ |title=Petition urges Queen to strip Prince Andrew of Earl of Inverness title |work=Inverness Courier |date=21 November 2019 |access-date=31 May 2020}}</ref> In 2022, there was a renewed petition in Inverness, and the residents of [[Killyleagh]] felt that he should have his barony removed.<ref>{{cite news |last=Meighan |first=Craig |date=16 September 2022 |title=More than 6000 sign petition calling for Prince Andrew to lose Earl of Inverness title |url=https://www.thenational.scot/news/21869302.6000-sign-petition-calling-prince-andrew-lose-earl-inverness-title/ |access-date=17 September 2022 |work=[[The National (Scotland)|The National]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Cochrane |first=Amy |date=16 February 2022 |title=Prince Andrew: Killyleagh townsfolk want their Baron to be stripped of his title |url=https://www.belfasttelegraph.co.uk/news/northern-ireland/prince-andrew-killyleagh-townsfolk-want-their-baron-to-be-stripped-of-his-title/41354274.html |archive-url=https://archive.today/20251018103508/https://www.belfasttelegraph.co.uk/news/northern-ireland/prince-andrew-killyleagh-townsfolk-want-their-baron-to-be-stripped-of-his-title/41354274.html#selection-3061.0-3061.80 |archive-date=18 October 2025 |access-date=19 October 2025 |work=[[Belfast Telegraph]] |language=en-GB |issn=0307-1235}}</ref> [[Rachael Maskell]], the [[Labour and Co-operative Party|Labour Co-op]] MP for [[York Central (UK Parliament constituency)|York Central]], stated that she would look for ways to make Andrew give up his dukedom if he did not voluntarily relinquish it; the [[City of York Council]] voted unanimously to remove his honorary freedom of the city, and several York councillors called for Andrew to lose the title Duke of York.<ref>{{Cite news |date=14 January 2022 |title=Prince Andrew faces calls to give up Duke of York title |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-england-york-north-yorkshire-59987648 |accessdate=17 January 2022 |work=BBC News}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Halliday |first=Josh |date=16 February 2022 |title=Prince Andrew facing fresh calls to be stripped of Duke of York title |url=https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2022/feb/16/prince-andrew-facing-fresh-calls-stripped-duke-of-york-title-virginia-giuffre |accessdate=17 February 2022 |work=The Guardian}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/life-style/royal-family/prince-andrew-duke-york-city-b2067451.html|title=Will Prince Andrew still be the Duke of York?|work=[[The Independent]]|first=Kate|last=Ng|date=28 April 2022|accessdate=29 April 2022}}</ref>

In January 2022, Andrew ceased using the style "Royal Highness" in a public capacity, but was still permitted to use it in a private capacity.<ref name="BBC News-2022a" /><ref>{{cite news |date=16 February 2022 |title=Prince Andrew: Who is he and what titles is he losing? |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/explainers-59993936 |work=BBC News}}</ref><ref name="Ward-2023" /> 
====2025 changes====
On 17 October 2025, following discussions with [[Charles III]], Andrew agreed to cease using his peerages and honours, including his dukedom and knighthoods as a [[Order of the Garter|Royal Knight Companion of the Order of the Garter]] and a [[Royal Victorian Order|Knight Grand Cross of the Royal Victorian Order]].<ref>{{cite news |date=17 October 2025 |last1=Coughlan |first1=Sean |title=Prince Andrew gives up his title as Duke of York |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/cgqlyw9g7weo |access-date=18 October 2025 |work=BBC News}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |date=17 October 2025 |title=A statement by Prince Andrew |url=https://www.royal.uk/news-and-activity/2025-10-17/a-statement-by-prince-andrew |access-date=17 October 2025 |website=Royal.uk |publisher=The Royal Household}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Davies |first1=Caroline |title=Prince Andrew gives up royal titles including Duke of York after 'discussion with king' |url=https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2025/oct/17/prince-andrew-to-give-up-royal-titles |access-date=18 October 2025 |work=The Guardian |date=17 October 2025}}</ref> His [[Royal Standard of the United Kingdom#Other members of the royal family|banner of arms]], which had hung in [[St George's Chapel, Windsor Castle]] since 2006 to signify his membership of the Order of the Garter, was removed.<ref>{{cite news |last=Armstrong |first=Kathryn |date=24 October 2025 |title=Prince Andrew's banner removed from chapel at Windsor Castle |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/c867j2wyxj0o |access-date=24 October 2025 |work=BBC News}}</ref>  

On 30 October, Buckingham Palace announced that Charles III had started a "formal process" to remove his brother's style, titles, and honours.<ref name="Nanji-2025" /> Andrew's name was removed from the [[Roll of the Peerage]] the same day.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.college-of-arms.gov.uk/images/downloads/Roll_of_the_Peerage.pdf|title=Roll of the Peerage|work=College of Arms|access-date=30 October 2025}}</ref><ref name="Gazette-Removals">{{London Gazette| issue = 64895| date = 6 November 2025| page = 21342}}</ref> Although this did not revoke his peerages,<ref name=hoclib>{{Cite web |last=Torrance |first=David |date=3 November 2025 |title=The removal of titles and honours |url=https://commonslibrary.parliament.uk/research-briefings/cbp-10370/ |access-date=4 November 2025 |website=[[House of Commons Library]]}}</ref> it meant he was no longer entitled to any place in the [[Orders of precedence in the United Kingdom|orders of precedence]] derived from them, and ceased to be addressed or referred to by any title derived from his peerages in official documents.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=The Royal Warrant of 1 June 2004 |url=https://www.college-of-arms.gov.uk/RoyalWarrant2004.pdf |access-date=31 October 2025 |website=[[College of Arms]]}}</ref> His profile was taken down from the royal website the following day.<ref>{{cite magazine |last=Longmire |first=Becca |date=31 October 2025 |title=Prince Andrew's name erased from official royal list after he's stripped of all titles |url=https://people.com/prince-andrew-erased-roll-of-the-peerage-after-stripped-royal-titles-11840928 |access-date=31 October 2025 |magazine=People}}</ref> [[Letters patent (United Kingdom)|Letters patent]] were issued on 3 November removing the style "Royal Highness" and title "prince" from Andrew.<ref name="Gazette-Removals"/> He will use the surname "Mountbatten-Windsor".<ref>{{cite news |last1=Davies |first1=Caroline |title=Andrew Mountbatten-Windsor's name to be hyphenated, as decreed by late queen |url=https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2025/nov/12/andrew-mountbatten-windsor-hyphenated-decreed-queen-elizabeth |access-date=12 November 2025 |work=The Guardian |date=12 November 2025}}</ref>

{{As of|2025|}}, Andrew is eighth in the line of [[succession to the British throne]].<ref>{{cite news |date=31 October 2025 |title=Andrew's move out of Royal Lodge may not happen until new year |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/articles/c2emmdnw82yo |access-date=1 November 2025 |work=BBC News}}</ref>  He is also a [[Counsellor of State]], but will not be called upon to act in that role as he is not a working royal.<ref name="Guardian-payments" /> He is also theoretically in line to [[Regency Acts#Current position|become regent]] if [[Prince George of Wales|Prince George]] were to succeed to the throne before his 18th birthday in 2031, in that Andrew could be the first adult in the line of succession to be resident in the UK.<ref>{{cite news |last=Howse |first=Christopher |date=31 October 2025 |title=What will we really call Mr Mountbatten-Windsor? |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2025/10/31/what-will-we-really-call-mr-mountbatten-windsor/ |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251114100040/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2025/10/31/what-will-we-really-call-mr-mountbatten-windsor/ |archive-date=14 November 2025 |access-date=14 November 2025 |work=The Telegraph}}</ref>

====Naval ranks====

* {{flagicon|United Kingdom|naval}} 1979–1981: [[Midshipman]], [[Britannia Royal Naval College]], [[RNAS Culdrose (HMS Seahawk)|HMS ''Seahawk'']]
* {{flagicon|United Kingdom|naval}} 1981–1984: [[Sub Lieutenant]], Pilot, 820 NAS on {{HMS|Invincible|R05|6}}
* {{flagicon|United Kingdom|naval}} 1984–1992: [[Lieutenant]], Pilot, 815 NAS on {{HMS|Brazen|F91|6}}; Helicopter Warfare Instructor, 702 NAS at RNAS Culdrose; Flight Commander, 829 NAS on {{HMS|Campbeltown|F86|6}}
* {{flagicon|United Kingdom|naval}} 1992–1999: [[Lieutenant Commander]], Captain, {{HMS|Cottesmore|M32|6}}; Senior Pilot, 815 NAS at [[RNAS Portland]]; Directorate of Naval Operations, [[Ministry of Defence (United Kingdom)|Ministry of Defence]]
* {{flagicon|United Kingdom|naval}} 1999–2005: [[Commander (Royal Navy)|Commander]], Diplomacy Section of the Naval Staff.<ref name=naval>{{cite web | url=http://thedukeofyork.org/about-the-duke/naval-career/ | title=The Duke of York – Naval Career | publisher=The Duke of York official website | access-date=25 April 2015 | archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150801225206/http://thedukeofyork.org/about-the-duke/naval-career/ | archivedate=1 August 2015 | url-status=live }}</ref><!--cite for entire section--> Released from the active list in 2001.<ref name=LG56295>{{London Gazette|issue=56295|supp=1|page=9327|date=7 August 2001}}</ref>
* {{flagicon|United Kingdom|naval}} 2005–2010: Honorary [[Captain (Royal Navy)|Captain]]<ref name=LG57705>{{London Gazette|nolink=y|issue=57705|supp=1|page=9323|date=19 July 2005}}</ref>
* {{flagicon|United Kingdom|naval}} 2010–2015: [[Rear Admiral (Royal Navy)|Rear Admiral]]<ref name=LG59341>{{London Gazette|nolink=y|issue=59341|supp=1|page=3085|date=23 February 2010}}</ref>
* {{flagicon|United Kingdom|naval}} 2015: [[Vice-admiral (Royal Navy)|Vice Admiral]]<ref name=LG61660>{{London Gazette|nolink=y|issue=61160|supp=2|page=3798|date=3 March 2015}}</ref>

===Honours and former honours===
{{see also|List of honours of the British royal family by country}}

====Commonwealth====

*[[File:UK Royal Victorian Order ribbon.svg|45px]] 21 February 2011: Knight Grand Cross of the Royal Victorian Order (GCVO)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.royal.gov.uk/LatestNewsandDiary/Pressreleases/2011/TheDukeofYorkappointedGCVO21February2011.aspx |title=The Duke of York appointed GCVO, 21&nbsp;February 2011 |publisher=Official Website of The British Monarchy |access-date=21 February 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110224232414/http://www.royal.gov.uk/LatestNewsandDiary/Pressreleases/2011/TheDukeofYorkappointedGCVO21February2011.aspx |archive-date=24 February 2011 }}</ref>
** 2 June 2003 – 21 February 2011: Knight Commander of the Royal Victorian Order (KCVO)<ref>{{London Gazette |issue=56951 |date=2 June 2003 |page=6753 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web| url=http://www.stgeorges-windsor.org/history/hist_chivalry.asp| title=St George's Chapel > History > Orders of Chivalry| publisher=St George's Chapel|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080820080536/http://www.stgeorges-windsor.org/history/hist_chivalry.asp |archive-date=20 August 2008 |access-date=27 October 2008}}</ref>
** 19 December 1979 – 2 June 2003: [[Royal Victorian Order|Commander of the Royal Victorian Order]] (CVO)<ref>{{London Gazette|nolink=y|issue=48072|page=899|date=18 January 1980}}</ref><ref name=decorations>{{cite web|url=https://thedukeofyork.org/about-the-duke/honours-and-decorations/|title=Honours and Decorations|work=The Duke of York, KG|access-date=14 August 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250709161744/https://thedukeofyork.org/about-the-duke/honours-and-decorations/|archive-date=9 July 2025}}</ref>
*[[File:Order of the Garter UK ribbon.svg|45px]] 23 April 2006: [[Order of the Garter|Royal Knight Companion of the Most Noble Order of the Garter]] (KG)<ref name=decorations/>
*[[File:PNG Order of Logohu Grand Companion ribbon.svg|45px]] 2015: [[Grand Companion of the Order of Logohu]]<ref name=decorations/>
*[[File:UK Queen Elizabeth II Silver Jubilee Medal ribbon.svg|45px]] 1977: [[Queen Elizabeth II Silver Jubilee Medal]]<ref name=decorations/>
*[[File:South Atlantic Medal w rosette BAR.svg|45px]] 1982: [[South Atlantic Medal]], with [[Rosette (decoration)|Rosette]]
*[[File:UK Queen Elizabeth II Golden Jubilee Medal ribbon.svg|45px]] 2002: [[Queen Elizabeth II Golden Jubilee Medal]]<ref name=decorations/>
*[[File:QEII Diamond Jubilee Medal ribbon.svg|45px]] 2012: [[Queen Elizabeth II Diamond Jubilee Medal]]<ref name=decorations/>
*[[File:UK Queen EII Platinum Jubilee Medal ribbon.svg|45px]] 2022: [[Queen Elizabeth II Platinum Jubilee Medal]]<ref>{{cite web |last1=Longstaff |first1=Emma |title=What medals are the royal family wearing? |date=27 April 2023 |url=https://www.homesandantiques.com/antiques/royal-family-medals |publisher=Homes and Antiques |access-date=13 March 2025}}</ref>
*[[File:Ribbon - Naval Long Service and Good Conduct Medal v3.png|45px]] 2016: [[Naval Long Service and Good Conduct Medal (1848)|Naval Long Service and Good Conduct Medal]] with two bars
*[[File:New Zealand 1990 Commemoration Medal ribbon.svg|45px]] 1990: [[New Zealand 1990 Commemoration Medal]]<ref name=decorations/>
*[[File:CAN Canadian Forces Decoration ribbon with one bar.svg|45px]] 2000: [[Canadian Forces' Decoration]] (CD)<ref>[https://www.canada.ca/content/dam/themes/defence/caf/militaryhistory/dhh/honours/canadian-forces-decorations-2010.pdf Canada]</ref><ref name=decorations/> (with the first clasp)
*[[File:CAN Commemorative Medal for the Centennial of Saskatchewan ribbon.svg|45px]] 2005: [[Commemorative Medal for the Centennial of Saskatchewan]]<ref>{{cite journal|url=http://www.monarchist.ca/sites/default/files/documents/2007/1/53.pdf|last=Jackson|first=Michael|title=Honours of the Crown|journal=Canadian Monarchist News|date=Summer 2007|number=26|publisher=Monarchist League of Canada|page=12|access-date=4 February 2015|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304202907/http://www.monarchist.ca/sites/default/files/documents/2007/1/53.pdf|archive-date=4 March 2016}}</ref>

====Foreign====

* {{flagicon|Norway}} 1988: Grand Cross of the [[Order of St. Olav|Royal Norwegian Order of St. Olav]]<ref name=decorations/>
* {{flagicon|United Arab Emirates}} 2010: Collar of the Order of the Federation<ref>{{cite news |first=Alice |last=Johnson |title=Khalifa, Queen Elizabeth II exchange orders |newspaper=Gulf News | location = Dubai |date=26 November 2010 |url=https://gulfnews.com/news/gulf/uae/government/khalifa-queen-elizabeth-ii-exchange-orders-1.718759}}</ref>
* {{flagicon|Mexico}} 2015: Sash of the [[Order of the Aztec Eagle|Mexican Order of the Aztec Eagle]]<ref>{{cite press release|url=https://embamex.sre.gob.mx/reinounido/index.php/en/ver-comunicados/761-hrh-the-prince-of-wales-was-awarded-with-the-mexican-order-of-the-aztec-eagle|title=TRH The Prince of Wales and The Duchess of Cornwall Awarded with the Mexican Order of the ''Aztec Eagle''|website=Embassy of Mexico in the United Kingdom|access-date=12 January 2020|date=21 August 2019}}</ref>
* {{Flagicon|Spain}} 2017: [[Order of Isabella the Catholic]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.lavanguardia.com/politica/20170714/424113209038/rey-isabel-ii-reino-unido.html|title=El Rey reconoce que Isabel II ha hecho posible la visita de Estado a Reino Unido|trans-title=King Felipe recognises that Elizabeth II has made possible the state visit to the United Kingdom|publisher=La Vanguardia|website=lavanguardia.com|language=es|access-date=19 January 2018|date=14 July 2017}}</ref>

====Appointments====
* 1 February 1984 – 13 January 2022: [[Personal aide-de-camp]] to the Queen<ref name=decorations/>
* 2002–2022: Grand Master of the [[Honourable Company of Air Pilots]] (called the Guild of Air Pilots and Air Navigators until 2014)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.airpilots.org/members/the-court/members-of-the-court/past-masters/|title=Past Masters|work=The Honourable Company of Air Pilots|access-date=7 August 2025}}</ref>
* 2007: [[Lord High Commissioner to the General Assembly of the Church of Scotland]]
* 2012: Royal Bencher, [[Lincoln's Inn]]<ref name=decorations/>
* 2012: Liveryman of the [[Worshipful Company of Shipwrights]]<ref name=decorations/><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.shipwrights.co.uk/company/shipwrights-news/hrh-the-duke-of-york-installed-as-liveryman|title=HRH The Duke of York installed as Liveryman|date=14 March 2012|publisher=The Worshipful Company of Shipwrights|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131216232602/http://www.shipwrights.co.uk/company/shipwrights-news/hrh-the-duke-of-york-installed-as-liveryman|archive-date=16 December 2013}}</ref>
* 5 May 2013: [[Royal Fellow of the Royal Society]] (FRS)<ref name=decorations/><ref>{{cite web|url=https://royalsociety.org/news/2013/new-Fellows-2013/|date=3 May 2013|publisher=[[Royal Society]]|location=London|title=Royal Society elects new Fellows for 2013}}</ref>
** Andrew's election to the [[Royal Society]] in 2013 prompted criticism from various British scientists due to his lack of scientific background, with some stating he had only a secondary school level of education.<ref name="Leake-2013"/> In an [[op-ed]] in ''[[The Independent]]'', the pharmacologist and Fellow of the Royal Society [[David Colquhoun]] wrote, in references to Andrew's qualifications, that "if I wanted a tip for the winner of the 14.30 at [[Newmarket Racecourse|Newmarket]], I'd ask a royal. For most other questions, I wouldn't."<ref name="Leake-2013">{{cite news|last1=Leake|first1=Jonathan|title=Royal Society bust-up over Andrew|url=http://www.thesundaytimes.co.uk/sto/news/uk_news/National/royalwedding/article1255387.ece?CMP=OTH-gnws-standard-2013_05_04|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131124034411/http://www.thesundaytimes.co.uk/sto/news/uk_news/National/royalwedding/article1255387.ece?CMP=OTH-gnws-standard-2013_05_04|url-status=dead|url-access=subscription|archive-date=24 November 2013|access-date=21 April 2016|work=[[The Sunday Times]]|date=5 May 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=Colquohon|first1=David|title=Dukes of York don't belong in our Royal Society|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/voices/comment/dukes-of-york-don-t-belong-in-our-royal-society-8604503.html|access-date=21 April 2016|work=[[The Independent]]|date=5 May 2013}}</ref>
* 20 February 2015 – 13 January 2022: Grand President of the [[Royal Commonwealth Ex-Services League]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://salegion.org.uk/grand-president-the-royal-commonwealth-ex-services-league-rcel/|title=Grand President – The Royal Commonwealth Ex-Services League (RCEL)|publisher=South African Legion of Military Veterans|access-date=27 October 2018|date=10 February 2015}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=13 January 2022 |title=Prince Andrew stripped of Royal Patronages |url=https://www.thisislocallondon.co.uk/news/19846509.prince-andrew-stripped-royal-patronages----see-full-list/ |access-date=20 September 2022 |website=This Is Local London |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=5 March 2021 |title=Prince Andrew still named by royals as patron of numerous charities – despite severing ties a year ago |url=https://uk.news.yahoo.com/prince-andrew-patron-charities-stepped-back-173928388.html |access-date=20 September 2022 |website=uk.news.yahoo.com |language=en-GB}}</ref>
* 13 July 2015 – 21 November 2019: Chancellor of the [[University of Huddersfield]]<ref name="Huddersfield"/><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.examiner.co.uk/news/west-yorkshire-news/duke-york-become-new-chancellor-9574666|title=Duke of York to become new chancellor of Huddersfield University|first=Nick|last=Lavigueur|date=2 July 2015|website=Huddersfield Examiner}}</ref>
* 20 April 2016: Honorary Fellow of the [[Chartered Institution of Building Services Engineers#Societies|Society of Light and Lighting]] (Hon. FSLL)<ref>[https://www.cibse.org/news-and-policy/april-2016/sll-present-hrh-the-duke-of-york-kg-with-honorary SLL Present HRH The Duke of York KG with Honorary Fellowship] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190325011530/https://www.cibse.org/news-and-policy/april-2016/sll-present-hrh-the-duke-of-york-kg-with-honorary |date=25 March 2019 }} – website of the [[Chartered Institution of Building Services Engineers]]</ref>
* 1 May 2018 – November 2019: Honorary Fellow of [[Hughes Hall, Cambridge]]<ref name="Hughes"/><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.varsity.co.uk/news/18400|title=Prince Andrew resigns as honorary fellow of Hughes Hall|newspaper=Varsity|first=Grace|last=Lozinski|date=29 November 2019|access-date=9 June 2020}}</ref>
* Member of the [[Honourable Artillery Company]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://liverycommittee.org/about/livery-companies-and-guilds/royal-family-connections-with-the-livery/|title=Royal Family Connections with the Livery|work=Livery Committee|date=7 June 2023|access-date=13 October 2025}}</ref>

====Freedom of the City====
* 23 February 1987 – 27 April 2022: [[Freedom of the City#Freedom_of_the_City_of_York|Freedom of the City of York]]<ref name="Sky News-2022"/>
* 2012: [[Freedom of the City of London]]<ref name=decorations/>

====Former honorary military appointments====
In 2019, Andrew's military affiliations were suspended and on 13 January 2022 they were formally returned to Queen Elizabeth II.<ref name="BBC News-2022a" />

'''{{Flagu|Canada}}'''
* {{Flagicon|Canada|army}} [[Colonel-in-Chief]] of [[The Queen's York Rangers (1st American Regiment) (RCAC)]]<ref name="royal.gov.uk"/>
* {{Flagicon|Canada|army}} Colonel-in-Chief of [[the Royal Highland Fusiliers of Canada]]<ref name="royal.gov.uk"/>
* {{Flagicon|Canada|army}} Colonel-in-Chief of [[the Princess Louise Fusiliers]]<ref name="royal.gov.uk"/>
* {{Flagicon|Canada|army}} Colonel-in-Chief of the [[Canadian Airborne Regiment]] ''(disbanded)''
'''{{Flagu|New Zealand}}'''
* {{Flagicon|NZ|army}} Colonel-in-Chief of the [[Royal New Zealand Army Logistic Regiment]]<ref name="royal.gov.uk"/>
'''{{Flagu|United Kingdom}}'''
* {{Flagicon|United Kingdom|army}} Colonel of the [[Grenadier Guards]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.royal.uk/duke-york-appointed-colonel-grenadier-guards|title=The Duke of York is appointed Colonel of the Grenadier Guards|publisher=Royal Household|date=1 December 2017}}</ref>
* {{Flagicon|United Kingdom|army}} Colonel-in-Chief of [[Royal Irish Regiment (1992)|the Royal Irish Regiment (27th (Inniskilling) 83rd and 87th and Ulster Defence Regiment)]]<ref name="royal.gov.uk"/>
* {{Flagicon|United Kingdom|army}} Colonel-in-Chief of the [[Small Arms School Corps]]<ref name="royal.gov.uk"/><ref name="Gazette-2003">{{London Gazette |issue=57032 |date=19 August 2003 |page=10318 |supp=y |nolink=yes }}</ref>
* {{Flagicon|United Kingdom|army}} Colonel-in-Chief of the [[Yorkshire Regiment|Yorkshire Regiment (14th/15th, 19th and 33rd/76th Foot)]]<ref name="royal.gov.uk"/>
* {{Flagicon|United Kingdom|army}} Colonel-in-Chief of the [[Staffordshire Regiment]]<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=51713|page=4916|date=24 April 1989|supp=2}}</ref> ''(disbanded)''
* {{Flagicon|United Kingdom|army}} Colonel-in-Chief of the [[9th/12th Royal Lancers|9th/12th Royal Lancers (Prince of Wales's)]]<ref name="royal.gov.uk"/><ref name="Gazette-2003"/> ''(disbanded)''
* {{Flagicon|United Kingdom|army}} Deputy Colonel-in-Chief of the [[Royal Lancers|Royal Lancers (Queen Elizabeth's Own)]]<ref name="BBC News-2022a" />
* {{Flagicon|United Kingdom|army}} Royal [[Colonel]] of the [[Royal Highland Fusiliers|Royal Highland Fusiliers, 2nd Battalion Royal Regiment of Scotland]]<ref name="royal.gov.uk"/><ref name="Gazette-2003"/>
* {{Flagicon|United Kingdom|air force}} Honorary [[Air Commodore]], [[RAF Lossiemouth|Royal Air Force Lossiemouth]]<ref name="royal.gov.uk"/>
* {{Flagicon|United Kingdom|naval}} [[Commodore-in-Chief]] of the [[Fleet Air Arm]]<ref name="royal.gov.uk">{{cite web|url=http://www.royal.gov.uk/ThecurrentRoyalFamily/TheDukeofYork/Serviceappointments.aspx |title=The Duke of York – Service appointments |publisher=royal.gov.uk |access-date=25 April 2015 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150110205125/http://www.royal.gov.uk/ThecurrentRoyalFamily/TheDukeofYork/Serviceappointments.aspx |archive-date=10 January 2015 }}</ref>
* {{Flagicon|United Kingdom|naval}} Admiral of the [[Sea Cadets (United Kingdom)|Sea Cadet Corps]]<ref name="royal.gov.uk"/>

===Arms===
{{Infobox emblem wide
|name              = Andrew Mountbatten-Windsor
|image             = File:Coat of Arms of Andrew, Duke of York.svg
|bannerimage       = Royal_Standard_of_Prince_Andrew,_Duke_of_York.svg
|badgeimage        =
|notes             = Andrew's personal [[coat of arms]] are the [[coat of arms of the United Kingdom]] differenced by a label of three points argent, the central point charged with an anchor azure.
|year_adopted      = 1963
|coronet           = The [[coronet]] of a son of the sovereign proper, thereon a lion statant guardant or crowned of the same coronet charged with a label as in the arms.
|crest             =
|torse             =
|helm              =
|escutcheon        = Quarterly, 1st and 4th gules three lions passant guardant in pale or, 2nd or a lion rampant gules within a double tressure flory counterflory gules, 3rd azure a harp or stringed argent
|supporters        = Dexter a lion rampant guardant or imperially crowned proper, sinister a unicorn argent, armed, crined and unguled or, gorged with a coronet or composed of crosses patée and fleurs de lis a chain affixed thereto passing between the forelegs and reflexed over the back also or.
|compartment       =
|motto             =
|orders            =
|other_elements    = The whole differenced by a label of three points argent, the central point charged with an anchor azure.
|banner            = The [[Royal Standard of the United Kingdom]], labelled for difference as in his arms.<br />[[File:Royal Standard of Prince Andrew, Earl of Inverness.svg|50px]] as used in Scotland<br />[[File:Personal Flag of the Duke of York for use in Canada.svg|border|50px]] as used in Canada. Since 2014, Andrew has had a personal [[heraldic flag]] for use in Canada. It is the [[coat of arms of Canada]] in [[banner of arms|banner form]] defaced with a blue [[roundel (heraldry)|roundel]] surrounded by a wreath of gold maple leaves, within which is a depiction of an ''"A"'' surmounted by a coronet. Above the roundel is a white [[Label (heraldry)|label]] of three points, the centre one charged with an anchor.<ref>{{cite web|title=Canadian Flags of the Royal Family|url=http://canadiancrown.gc.ca/eng/1396525887776|website=Canadian Crown|publisher=Government of Canada|access-date=4 January 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160102234745/http://canadiancrown.gc.ca/eng/1396525887776|archive-date=2 January 2016|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=http://reg.gg.ca/heraldry/pub-reg/project.asp?lang=e&ProjectID=2532 | title=The Prince Andrew, Duke of York | publisher=Office of the Governor General of Canada: Canadian Heraldic Authority | work=Public Register of Arms, Flags and Badges | access-date=4 January 2016}}</ref>
|badge             =
|symbolism         = As with the [[coat of arms of the United Kingdom]], the first and fourth quarters are the arms of [[Coat of arms of England|England]], the second of [[Coat of arms of Scotland|Scotland]], the third of [[Coat of arms of Ireland|Ireland]]. The anchor has been used as a [[Cadency|brisure]] by dukes of York since 1892.
}}

==Issue==
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! rowspan="2" scope="col" | Name
! rowspan="2" scope="col" | Birth
! colspan="2" scope="col" | Marriage
! rowspan="2" scope="col" | Children
|-
! scope="col" | Date
! scope="col" | Spouse
|-
| [[Princess Beatrice]] || 8 August 1988 || 17 July 2020 || [[Edoardo Mapelli Mozzi]] || Sienna Mapelli Mozzi<br>Athena Mapelli Mozzi
|-
| [[Princess Eugenie]] || 23 March 1990 || 12 October 2018 || [[Jack Brooksbank]] || August Brooksbank<br>Ernest Brooksbank
|}

==Ancestry==
{{ahnentafel
|collapsible=yes
|align=center
|ref=<ref>{{Cite book |last=Paget |first=Gerald|title=The Lineage and Ancestry of H.R.H. Prince Charles, Prince of Wales ''(2 vols)'' |location=Edinburgh |publisher=Charles Skilton |year=1977 |isbn=978-0-284-40016-1}}</ref>
|boxstyle_1=background-color: #fcc;
|boxstyle_2=background-color: #fb9;
|boxstyle_3=background-color: #ffc;
|boxstyle_4=background-color: #bfc;
|1. '''Andrew Mountbatten-Windsor'''
|2= 2. [[Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh]]
|3= 3. [[Elizabeth II of the United Kingdom]]
|4= 4. [[Prince Andrew of Greece and Denmark]]
|5= 5. [[Princess Alice of Battenberg]]
|6= 6. [[George VI of the United Kingdom]]
|7= 7. [[Queen Elizabeth The Queen Mother|Lady Elizabeth Bowes-Lyon]]
|8= 8. [[George I of Greece]]
|9= 9. [[Olga Constantinovna of Russia|Grand Duchess Olga Constantinovna of Russia]]
|10= 10. [[Prince Louis of Battenberg]]
|11= 11. [[Princess Victoria of Hesse and by Rhine]]
|12= 12. [[George V of the United Kingdom]]
|13= 13. [[Mary of Teck|Princess Victoria Mary of Teck]]
|14= 14. [[Claude Bowes-Lyon, 14th Earl of Strathmore and Kinghorne]]
|15= 15. [[Cecilia Bowes-Lyon, Countess of Strathmore and Kinghorne|Cecilia Cavendish-Bentinck]]
}}

==Depictions==
Andrew was portrayed by [[Rufus Sewell]] in the 2024 Netflix drama film ''[[Scoop (2024 film)|Scoop]]'', which relates to the 2019 BBC Newsnight interview "[[Prince Andrew & the Epstein Scandal]]".<ref>{{Cite news |date=5 April 2024 |title=Scoop: Prince Andrew's infamous BBC interview... as dramatised by Netflix |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-68739026 |access-date=31 October 2025 |work=BBC News |language=en-GB}}</ref>

He was portrayed by [[Michael Sheen]] in the 2024 three-part BBC drama series ''[[A Very Royal Scandal]]'' about the same event.<ref>{{Cite web |date=14 August 2024 |title=First images of Michael Sheen as Prince Andrew in A Very Royal Scandal |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/articles/clyn3g7zvkko |access-date=31 October 2025 |website=BBC News |language=en-GB}}</ref>

Andrew was portrayed by Tom Byrne in the fourth season and by [[James Murray (English actor)|James Murray]] in the final two seasons of Netflix's ''[[The Crown (TV series)|The Crown]]''.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://variety.com/2022/tv/global/the-crown-james-murray-prince-andrew-1235430520/ |title='The Crown's' James Murray on Playing Disgraced Prince Andrew: 'I Enjoy Polarizing Roles' |website=Variety |last=Yossman |first=K. J. |date=11 November 2022 |access-date=18 November 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=The Crown newcomer Tom Byrne showed his potential in early am-dram days in Haverhill|url=https://www.suffolknews.co.uk/haverhill/news/the-crown-actor-had-star-quality-as-a-youngster-9102319/}}</ref>

==References==
===Footnotes===
{{notelist}}

===Citations===
{{Reflist|30em}}

==Bibliography==
* ''Photographs'' (1985) by HRH Prince Andrew. London: Hamilton. {{ISBN|978-0-241-11644-9}}. {{OCLC|13947617}}. A book of photographs taken by Andrew.

==External links==
{{Commons category}}
* {{cite web |title=Official website |url=https://thedukeofyork.org/ |publisher=thedukeofyork.org |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191126152428/https://thedukeofyork.org/ |archive-date=26 November 2019|url-status=dead}}
* {{cite web |title=Prince Andrew |url=https://www.royal.uk/prince-andrew |publisher=Page on the website of the Royal Family (since removed). |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251030210031/https://www.royal.uk/prince-andrew |archive-date=30 October 2025 |url-status=dead}}
* [https://www.canada.ca/en/canadian-heritage/services/royal-family/members-royal-family/duke-york.html The Duke of York] at the website of the [[Government of Canada]]
* {{NPG name}}
* {{IMDb name}}
* {{C-SPAN}}

{{S-start}}
{{S-hou|[[House of Windsor]]|19 February|1960}}
{{S-other|line}}
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{{S-ttl|title=[[Duke of York]]|creation=8th creation|years=1986–present}}
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{{S-ttl|title=[[Orders of precedence in the United Kingdom#British royal family|Gentlemen]]<br />''Andrew Mountbatten-Windsor''}}
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{{S-ttl|title=[[University of Huddersfield|Chancellor of the University of Huddersfield]]|years=2015–2019}}
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{{s-hon}}
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{{s-ttl|title=Colonel of the [[Grenadier Guards]]|years=2017–2022}}
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{{UK Order of Precedence (Gentlemen)|Andrew, Duke of York, Prince}}
{{British princes}}
{{Windsor family}}
{{Mountbatten-Windsor}}
{{Dukes of York}}
{{The Football Association}}
{{FRS 2013}}
{{Jeffrey Epstein Sex Trafficking Scandal}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Mountbatten-Windsor, Andrew}}
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