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{{Short description|Armenian military leader (1865–1927)}}
{{for|other people with the name|Andranik (given name)}}
{{Use American English|date=November 2013}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2022}}
{{good article}}
{{Infobox military person
| name          = Andranik<br>Անդրանիկ
| image         = File:Antranik.jpg
| caption       = General Andranik Ozanian, wearing his uniform and medals with a ''[[papakha]]'' hat
| image_size    = 
| nickname      = Andranik ''[[pasha]]''<ref name="Libaridian"/>
| birth_date    = {{birth date|df=yes|1865|2|25}}
| birth_place   = [[Şebinkarahisar|Shabin-Karahisar]], [[Ottoman Empire]]
| death_date    = {{death date and age|df=yes|1927|8|31|1865|2|25}}
| death_place   = [[Richardson Springs, California]], U.S.
| placeofburial = [[Ararat Cemetery]] (1927–1928)<br/>[[Père Lachaise Cemetery|Père Lachaise]] (1928–2000)<br/>[[Yerablur]] (2000–present)
| allegiance    = {{flagicon image|Armenian Revolutionary Federation logo 1915.png}} [[Dashnaktsutyun]] (1892–1907)<br/>{{flagicon|Bulgaria}} [[Kingdom of Bulgaria|Bulgaria]] (1912–1913)<br/>{{flag|Russian Empire}} (1914–1916)<br/> Armenian [[paramilitaries]] (1917–1919)
| serviceyears  = 1888–1907 (''[[Armenian fedayi|fedayi]]'')<br />1912–1913 (Bulgaria)<br />1914–1916 (WWI)<br />1917–1919 (Armenia)
| rank          = Commander of the ''fedayi'' (1899–1904)<ref name="Holding">{{cite book|last=Holding|first=Nicholas|title=Armenia, with Nagorno Karabagh|year=2008|publisher=Bradt Travel Guides|location=Chalfont St. Peter|isbn=978-1-84162-163-0|page=93|edition=2nd}}</ref><br />[[File:Rank insignia of Старши лейтенант of the Bulgarian Army (horizontal).png|30x30px]] [[First lieutenant]] ([[Military of Bulgaria|Bulgaria]])<br /> [[File:Imperial Russian Army MajGen 1917 h.png|30x30px]] [[Major-general]] (Russia){{efn-ua|Andranik was given the rank of a major-general by the command of the [[Caucasus Front (Russian Republic)|Caucasus Front]], a formation of the army of the dissolved [[Russian Republic]].<ref name="Hovannisian 1967"/>}}<br />Commander of the Western Armenian division of the Armenian Army Corps (1918)<br />Commander of the Special Striking Division (1919)
| battles       = {{Tree list}}
*[[Armenian National Liberation Movement]]
** [[Khanasor Expedition]]
** [[Battle of Holy Apostles Monastery]]
** [[1904 Sasun uprising|Sasun Uprising]]
* [[First Balkan War]]
** [[Battle of Kardzhali]]
** [[Siege of Adrianople (1912-1913)|Siege of Adrianople]]
** [[Battle of Merhamli]]
** [[Battle of Bulair]]
* [[World War I]]
** [[Persian campaign (World War I)|Persian Campaign]]
***[[Battle of Dilman]]
*** [[Battle of Robat Karim]]
*** [[Urmia clashes]]
** [[Caucasus Campaign]]
*** [[Battle of Bitlis]]
***[[Battle of Karakilisa]]
*[[Armenian–Azerbaijani war (1918–1920)|Armenian–Azerbaijani War]]
**[[Armenian–Azerbaijani war (1918–1920)#Fight for Baku and Karabakh, 1918–19|Fight for Karabakh (1918-19)]]
{{tree list/end}}
| battles_label = Wars
| awards        = see [[#Awards|below]]
| signature     = Andraniksignature-1-.png
}}

'''Andranik Ozanian''',{{efn-ua|In [[classical Armenian orthography|classical orthography]] his name is spelled Անդրանիկ Օզանեան and pronounced {{IPA|hy|ɑntʰɾɑniɡ ɔzɑnjɑn|}} in [[Western Armenian]]. In [[reformed Armenian Orthography|reformed orthography]] his name is spelled Անդրանիկ Օզանյան and pronounced {{IPA|hy|ɑndɾɑnik ɔzɑnjɑn|}} in [[Eastern Armenian]].}} commonly known as '''General Andranik'''{{sfn|Adalian|2010|p=79}}{{efn-ua|Զօրավար Անդրանիկ in classical spelling, Զորավար Անդրանիկ in reformed, ''Zoravar Andranik''.}} or simply '''Andranik'''{{efn-ua|{{langx|hy|Անդրանիկ}}. Also spelled '''Antranik''' or '''Antranig'''}} (25 February 1865{{spaced ndash}}31 August 1927),{{efn-ua|Some sources mistakenly indicate 1866 as Andranik's date of birth.<ref name="Van/Vaspurakan">{{cite book|last=Hovannisian|first=Richard G.|title=Armenian Van/Vaspurakan|year=2000|publisher=Mazda Publishers|location=Costa Mesa, California|isbn=978-1-56859-130-8|page=[https://archive.org/details/armenianvanvaspu00rich/page/233 233]|author-link=Richard G. Hovannisian|url=https://archive.org/details/armenianvanvaspu00rich/page/233}}</ref> 1866 is also engraved on his grave in the [[Père Lachaise Cemetery]]. Some sources also erroneously indicate 1928 as his date of death, perhaps because Andranik's body was moved to France and reburied there in 1928.{{sfn|Hovannisian|1971|p=191}}}} was an [[Armenians|Armenian]] military commander and statesman, the best known ''[[Armenian fedayi|fedayi]]''<ref name="Libaridian">{{cite book|last=Libaridian|first=Gerard J.|title=Armenia at the Crossroads: Democracy and Nationhood in the Post-Soviet Era|year=1991|publisher=Blue Crane Books|location=Watertown, Massachusetts|isbn=978-0-9628715-1-1|page=20|author-link=Gerard J. Libaridian}}</ref><ref name="Van/Vaspurakan"/><ref>{{cite book|last=Sarkisyanz|first=Manuel|title=A Modern History of Transcaucasian Armenia: Social, Cultural, and Political|year=1975|location=Leiden, Netherlands|publisher=E.J. Brill|oclc=8305411|page=140}}</ref> and a key figure of the [[Armenian national movement|Armenian national liberation movement]].{{sfn|Walker|1990|p=178}}

He became active in an armed struggle against the [[Ottoman Empire|Ottoman]] government and Kurdish irregulars in the late 1880s. Andranik joined the [[Armenian Revolutionary Federation]] (Dashnaktustyun) party and, along with other ''[[Armenian fedayi|fedayi]]'' (militias), sought to defend the Armenian peasantry living in their ancestral homeland, an area known as [[Western Armenia|Western (or Turkish) Armenia]]{{mdash}}at the time part of the Ottoman Empire. His revolutionary activities ceased and he left the Ottoman Empire after the unsuccessful [[1904 Sasun uprising|uprising in Sasun in 1904]]. In 1907, Andranik left Dashnaktustyun because he disapproved of its cooperation with the [[Young Turks]], the party which years later perpetrated the [[Armenian genocide]]. Between 1912 and 1913, together with [[Garegin Nzhdeh]], Andranik led a few hundred Armenian volunteers within the Bulgarian army against the Ottomans during the [[First Balkan War]].

From the early stages of [[World War I]], Andranik commanded the first [[Armenian volunteer battalion]] within the Russian Imperial army against the Ottoman Empire, capturing and later governing much of the [[Republic of Van|traditional Armenian homeland]]. After the [[Revolution of 1917]], the Russian army retreated and left the Armenian irregulars outnumbered against the Turks. Andranik led the defense of [[Erzurum]] in early 1918, but was forced to retreat eastward due to a threat of encirclement and a lack of food. By May 1918, Turkish forces stood near [[Yerevan]]{{mdash}}the future Armenian capital{{mdash}}and were halted at the [[Battle of Sardarabad]]. The Dashnak-dominated [[Armenian National Council (1917–18)|Armenian National Council]] declared the independence of Armenia and signed the [[Treaty of Batum]] with the Ottoman Empire, by which Armenia gave up its rights to Western Armenia. Andranik never accepted the existence of the [[First Republic of Armenia]] because it included only a small part of the area many Armenians hoped to make independent. Andranik, independently from the Republic of Armenia, fought in [[Zangezur]] against the [[Azerbaijan Democratic Republic|Azerbaijani]] and [[Army of Islam (Ottoman Empire)|Turkish]] armies, and helped to keep it within Armenia.<ref>{{cite book|last=Panossian|first=Razmik|url=https://archive.org/details/armeniansfromkin00pano|title=The Armenians: From Kings and Priests to Merchants and Commissars|publisher=Columbia University Press|year=2006|isbn=978-0-231-51133-9|location=London|page=[https://archive.org/details/armeniansfromkin00pano/page/n268 250]|author-link=Razmik Panossian|url-access=limited}}</ref>

Andranik left Armenia in 1919 due to disagreements with the Armenian government and spent his last years of life in Europe and the United States seeking relief for Armenian refugees. He settled in [[Fresno, California]] in 1922 and died five years later in 1927. Andranik is greatly admired as a [[Folk hero|national hero]] by Armenians; numerous statues of him have been erected in several countries. Streets and squares were named after Andranik, and songs, poems and novels have been written about him, making him a legendary figure in Armenian culture.<ref>{{cite conference|last1=Ghaziyan|first1=Alvard|title=Զորավար Անդրանիկը որպես վիպա-հերոսական կերպար [General Andranik as a heroic character]|pages=25–26|date=1984|url=http://iae.asj-oa.am/79/|publisher=Institute of Archeology and Ethnography, [[Armenian National Academy of Sciences]]|location=Yerevan|language=hy|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141220094526/http://iae.asj-oa.am/79/|archive-date=20 December 2014}}</ref>

==Early life==
[[File:Andranik fedayee.jpg|thumb|Undated photo of Andranik. The text on the flag is from a [[Mikayel Nalbandian]] poem, "The Song of an Italian Girl", which became [[Mer Hayrenik|Armenia's national anthem]]): "Death is the same everywhere / A man dies but once / Blessed is the one that dies / For the freedom of his nation."]]

Andranik Ozanian was born on 25 February 1865,<ref name="SAE"/> in the town of [[Şebinkarahisar|Shabin-Karahisar (Şebinkarahisar)]], [[Sivas Vilayet]], Ottoman Empire, to Mariam and Toros Ozanian.{{sfn|Chalabian|1988|p=3}} [[:wikt:Անդրանիկ|Andranik]] means "firstborn" in Armenian. His paternal ancestors came from the nearby village of Ozan (now [[:tr:Ozanlı, Şebinkarahisar|Ozanlı]]) in the early 18th century and settled in Shabin-Karahisar to avoid persecution from the Turks.{{sfn|Chalabian|1988|p=3}} His ancestors took the surname Ozanian in honor of their hometown. Andranik's mother died when he was one year old and his elder sister Nazeli took care of him. Andranik went to the local Musheghian School from 1875 to 1882 and thereafter worked in his father's carpentry shop.{{sfn|Aghayan|1968|p=40}} He married at the age of 17, but his wife died a year later while giving birth to their son{{mdash}}who also died days after the birth.{{sfn|Chalabian|1988|p=3}}

The situation of the [[Armenians in the Ottoman Empire]] had worsened under the reign of Abdul Hamid II, who sought to unify all Muslims under his rule.<ref>{{cite book|last=Nalbandian|first=Louise|title=The Armenian Revolutionary Movement: The Development of Armenian Political Parties Through the Nineteenth Century|year=1963|publisher=University of California Press|location=Berkeley|isbn=978-0-520-00914-1|page=116|author-link=Louise Nalbandian}}</ref> In 1882, Andranik was arrested for assaulting a Turkish ''[[Turkish gendarmerie|gendarme]]'' for mistreating Armenians. With the help of his friends, he escaped from prison. He settled in the Ottoman capital [[Istanbul|Constantinople]] in 1884 and stayed there until 1886, working as a carpenter.{{sfn|Aghayan|1968|p=41}} He began his revolutionary activities in 1888 in the province of Sivas.{{sfn|Trotsky|1980|p=247}}{{sfn|Walker|1990|p=411}} Andranik joined the [[Social Democrat Hunchakian Party|Hunchak]] party in 1891.{{sfn|Mouradian|1995|p=12}} He was arrested in 1892 for taking part in the assassination of Constantinople's police chief, Yusuf Mehmed Bey{{mdash}}known for his [[anti-Armenianism]]{{mdash}}on 9 February.{{sfn|Haroutyunian|1965|p=109}} Andranik once again escaped from prison.{{sfn|Aghayan|1968|p=41}} In 1892, he joined the newly created [[Armenian Revolutionary Federation]] (ARF or Dashnaktsutyun).{{sfn|Trotsky|1980|p=247}}{{sfn|Walker|1990|p=411}} During the [[Hamidian massacres]], Andranik with other ''fedayi'' defended the Armenian villages of [[Muş|Mush]] and [[Sasun (historical region)|Sasun]] from attacks of the Turks and the Kurdish ''[[Hamidiye (cavalry)|Hamidiye]]'' units.{{sfn|Walker|1990|p=411}}{{sfn|Trotsky|1980|p=249}} The massacres, which occurred between 1894 and 1896 and are named after Sultan [[Abdul Hamid II]], killed between 80,000 and 300,000 people.<ref>{{cite book|last=Akçam|first=Taner|title=A shameful act: the Armenian genocide and the question of Turkish responsibility|year=2006|publisher=Metropolitan Books|location=New York|isbn=0-8050-7932-7|page=[https://archive.org/details/shamefulactarmen00ak/page/42 42]|author-link=Taner Akçam|title-link=A shameful act: the Armenian genocide and the question of Turkish responsibility}}</ref>

In 1897, Andranik went to [[Tiflis]]{{mdash}}the largest city of the [[Caucasus]] and a major center of Armenian culture at the time{{mdash}}where the ARF headquarters was located.{{sfn|Walker|1990|p=411}} Andranik returned to Turkish Armenia "entrusted with extensive powers, and with a large supply of arms" for the ''fedayi''.{{sfn|Trotsky|1980|p=249}} Several dozen Russian Armenians joined him, with whom he went to the Mush-Sasun area where [[Aghbiur Serob]] was operating.{{sfn|New Armenia|1920|p=82}} Serob's forces had already established semi-independent Armenian areas by expelling the Ottoman government representatives.{{sfn|Walker|1990|p=178}}

==Leader of the ''fedayi''==
[[File:Andranik on a horse.jpg|thumb|150px|Andranik on his horse, early 1900s]]
{{see also|Armenian national liberation movement}}

Aghbiur Serob, the main leader of the ''[[Armenian fedayi|fedayi]]'' in the 1890s, was killed in 1899 by a [[Kurds|Kurdish]] chieftain, Bushare Khalil Bey.{{sfn|Walker|1990|p=411}} Months later, Bey committed further atrocities against the Armenians by killing a priest, two young men and 25 women and children in Talvorik, a village in the [[Sasun (historical region)|Sasun]] region.{{sfn|New Armenia|1920|p=82}} Andranik replaced Serob as the head of the Armenian irregular forces "with 38 villages under his command" in the Mush-Sasun region of Western Armenia,{{sfn|Walker|1990|p=178}} where a "warlike semi-independent Armenian peasantry" lived.{{sfn|Walker|1990|p=411}} Andranik sought to kill Bey; he captured and reportedly decapitated the chieftain, and took the medal given to Bey by Sultan [[Abdul Hamid II]].{{sfn|New Armenia|1920|p=82}}{{sfn|Mouradian|1995|p=103}}{{sfn|Trotsky|1980|p=249}} Andranik thus earned an undisputed authority among his ''fedayi''.<ref>{{cite book|last=Vardanian|first=Mikayel|author-link=Mikayel Varandian|title=Մուրատ (Սեբաստացի ռազմիկին կյանքն ու գործը) [Murad (The Sebastatsi Fighter's Life and Case]|language=hy|location=Boston|publisher=[[Hairenik Association]]|year=1931|page=96}}</ref>

Although small groups of Armenian ''fedayi'' conducted an armed struggle against the Ottoman state and the Kurdish tribes, the situation in [[Western Armenia]] deteriorated as the European powers stood indifferent to the [[Armenian Question]]. Article 61 of the 1878 [[Treaty of Berlin (1878)|Treaty of Berlin]] intended the Ottoman government to "carry out, without further delay, the improvements and reforms demanded by local requirements in the provinces inhabited by the Armenians, and to guarantee their security against the Circassians and Kurds" remained unimplemented.<ref>[https://archive.org/details/jstor-2212670 "Treaty between Great Britain, Germany, Austria, France, Italy, Russia, and Turkey for the Settlement of Affairs in the East: Signed at Berlin, July 13, 1878"], ''[[American Journal of International Law]]'' Volume II, 1908, p. [https://archive.org/stream/jstor-2212670/2212670#page/n21/mode/2up 422]</ref> According to [[Christopher J. Walker]], the attention of the European powers was on [[Macedonia (region)|Macedonia]], while Russia was "in no mood for reactivating the Armenian question."{{sfn|Walker|1990|p=177}}

===Battle of Holy Apostles Monastery===
[[File:Convent Seized by Armenians.png|thumb| ''[[The New York Times]]'' report on the battle]]
[[File:Armenian monastery of s apostles in moush.jpg|thumb|The [[Holy Apostles Monastery]] of Mush]]
In November 1901 the ''fedayi'' clashed with the Ottoman troops in what later became known as the [[Battle of Holy Apostles Monastery]]. One of the best-known episodes of Andranik's revolutionary activities, it was an attempt by the Ottoman government to suppress his activities. Since Andranik had gained more influence over the region, more than 5,000 Turkish soldiers were sent after him and his band. The Turks chased and eventually circled him and his men, numbering around 50, at the [[Arakelots Monastery|Arakelots (Holy Apostles) Monastery]] in early November. A regiment under the command of Ferikh Pasha and Ali Pasha besieged the fort-like monastery. The Turkish generals leading the army of twelve hundred men asked the ''fedayi'' to negotiate their surrender.<ref>{{cite book|last=Ternon|first=Yves|title=The Armenians: history of a genocide|year=1990|publisher=Caravan Books|location=Delmar, New York|isbn=978-0-88206-508-3|page=114|edition=2nd|author-link=Yves Ternon}}</ref>

After weeks of resistance and negotiations{{mdash}}in which Armenian clergy and the headman of Mush and foreign consuls took part{{mdash}}Andranik and his companions left the monastery and fled in small groups. According to [[Leon Trotsky]], Andranik{{mdash}}dressed in the uniform of a Turkish officer{{mdash}}"went the rounds of the entire guard, talking to them in excellent Turkish," and "at the same time showing the way out to his own men."{{sfn|Walker|1990|p=411}}{{sfn|Trotsky|1980|pp=249-250}} After breaking through the siege of the monastery, Andranik gained legendary stature among provincial Armenians.{{sfn|Adalian|2010|p=79}}{{sfn|Kharatian|1990|p=8}} He became so popular that the men he led came to refer to him always by his first name.<ref name="Chalabian">{{cite journal|last=Chalabian|first=Antranig|author-link=Antranig Chalabian|title=Bold and fiercely determined, Andranik Ozanian spent most of his life as a revolutionary for his fellow Armenians|journal=[[Military History Monthly]]|volume=12|issue=2|date=June 1995|page=10}}</ref> Andranik intended to attract the attention of the foreign consuls at Mush to the plight of the Armenian peasants and to provide hope for the oppressed Armenians of the eastern provinces.<ref name="Chalabian"/> According to Trotsky, Andranik's "political thinking took shape in a setting of [[Carbonari]]st activity and diplomatic intrigue."{{sfn|Trotsky|1980|p=249}}

===1904 Sasun uprising and exodus===
{{see also|1904 Sasun uprising}}
In 1903, Andranik demanded the Ottoman government stop the harassment of Armenians and implement reforms in the Armenian provinces.{{sfn|New Armenia|1920|p=83}} Most ''fedayi'' were concentrated in the mountainous region of [[Sasun (historical region)|Sasun]], an area of about {{Convert|12000|sqkm|abbr=on}} with an overwhelming Armenian majority{{mdash}}1,769 Armenian and 155 Kurdish households{{mdash}}which was traditionally considered their main operational area.{{sfn|Hambarian|1989|p=22}} The region was in "a state of revolutionary turmoil" because the local Armenians had refused to pay taxes for the past seven years.{{sfn|Walker|1990|p=178}}{{sfn|Chalabian|2009|p=17}} Andranik and tens of other ''fedayi''{{mdash}}including [[Hrayr Dzhoghk|Hrayr]] and [[Sebouh Nersesian|Sebouh]]{{mdash}}held a meeting at Gelieguzan village in the third quarter of 1903 to manage the future defense of the Armenian villages from possible [[Turkish people|Turkish]] and [[Kurds|Kurdish]] attacks. Andranik suggested a widespread uprising of the [[Armenians]] of [[Taron (historic Armenia)|Taron]] and [[Vaspurakan]]; Hrayr opposed his view and suggested a small, local uprising in Sasun, because the Armenian irregulars lacked resources. Hrayr's suggestion was eventually approved by the ''fedayi'' meeting. Andranik was chosen as the main commander of the uprising.{{sfn|Hambarian|1989|p=24}}{{sfn|Chalabian|2009|p=17}}

[[File:Location of the 1894 and 1904 Sasun uprisings.png|left|thumb|The location of the Sasun uprising ''(orange)'' and the [[Bitlis Vilayet]] ''(yellow)''.]]
The first clashes took place in January 1904 between the ''fedayi'' and Kurdish irregulars supported by the Ottoman government.{{sfn|Hambarian|1989|p=24}} The Turkish offensive started in early April with an estimated 10,000 to 20,000 soldiers and 7,000 Kurdish irregulars put against 100 to 200 Armenian ''fedayi'' and 700 to 1,000 local Armenian men.{{sfn|Trotsky|1980|p=250}}{{sfn|Hambarian|1989|p=26}} Hrayr was killed during the intense fighting; Andranik survived and resumed the fight.{{sfn|Mouradian|1995|p=88}} Between 7,000 and 10,000 Armenian civilians were killed during the two months of the uprising, while about 9,000 were left homeless.{{sfn|Hambarian|1989|p=31}} Around 4,000 Sasun villagers were forced into exile after the uprising.{{sfn|Trotsky|1980|p=250}}

After weeks of fighting and cannon bombardment of the Armenian villages,{{sfn|Trotsky|1980|p=250}} the Ottoman forces and Kurdish irregulars suppressed the uprising by May 1904; they outnumbered the Armenian forces several times.{{sfn|Walker|1990|p=178}}{{sfn|Hambarian|1989|p=31}} Minor clashes occurred thereafter.{{sfn|Hambarian|1989|p=31}} According to Christopher J. Walker, the ''fedayi'' came "near to organising an uprising and shaking Ottoman power in Armenia," but "even then it was unthinkable that the empire would lose any of her territory, since the idea of intervention was far from Russia."{{sfn|Walker|1990|p=177}} Trotsky wrote that international attention was on the [[Russo-Japanese War]] and the uprising went largely unnoticed by the European powers and Russia.{{sfn|Trotsky|1980|p=250}}

In July–August 1904, Andranik and his ''fedayi'' reached [[Lake Van]] and got to [[Aghtamar Island]] with sailing ships.{{sfn|New Armenia|1920|p=84}}{{sfn|Trotsky|1980|p=250}} They escaped to [[Qajar dynasty|Persia]] via [[Van, Turkey|Van]] in September 1904,{{sfn|New Armenia|1920|p=84}} "leaving little more than a heroic memory."{{sfn|Walker|1990|p=178}} Trotsky states that they were forced to leave Turkish Armenia to avoid further killings of Armenians and to lower the tensions,{{sfn|Trotsky|1980|p=250}} while [[Tsatur Aghayan]] wrote that Andranik left the Ottoman Empire because he sought to "gather new resources and find practical programs" for the Armenian struggle.{{sfn|Aghayan|1968|p=41}}
{{clear}}

==Immigration and conflict with the ARF==
[[File:Zoravar Andranik in Sophia 1912.jpg|thumb|Andranik in the Bulgarian army, [[Sofia]] {{circa|1912}}]]

From Persia, Andranik moved to the Caucasus,{{sfn|Walker|1990|p=411}} where he met the Armenian leaders in [[Baku]] and Tiflis. He then left Russia and traveled to Europe, where he was engaged in advocacy in support of the Armenians' national liberation struggle.{{sfn|Aghayan|1968|p=41}}{{sfn|New Armenia|1920|p=84}} In 1906 in [[Geneva]], he published a book on military tactics.<ref name="1906 book"/> Most of the work was about his activities and the strategies he used during the 1904 Sasun uprising.{{sfn|Kharatian|1990|p=8}}

In February–March 1907, Andranik went to [[Vienna]] to participate in the fourth ARF Congress. The ARF, which had been collaborating with Turkish émigré political groups in Europe since 1902, discussed and approved the negotiations with the [[Young Turks]]{{mdash}}who later perpetrated the [[Armenian genocide]]{{mdash}}to overthrow Sultan Abdul Hamid II. Andranik strongly denounced this cooperation and left the party.{{sfn|Walker|1990|p=178}}{{sfn|Chalabian|1988|p=170}} In 1908, the ARF asked Andranik to move to Constantinople and nominate his candidacy in the Ottoman parliament election, but he declined the offer, saying "I don't want to sit there and do nothing."<ref name="SAE">{{cite book|last=Haroutyunian|first=A.|editor=[[Viktor Hambardzumyan|Hambardzumyan, Viktor]]|title=Soviet Armenian Encyclopedia|volume=1|year=1974|publisher=[[Armenian Encyclopedia Publishing]]|location=Yerevan|page=392|article=Անդրանիկ [Andranik]|language=hy|title-link=Soviet Armenian Encyclopedia}}</ref>{{sfn|Kharatian|1990|p=10}} Andranik distanced himself from active political and military affairs for several years.

===First Balkan War===
[[File:Antranik volunteers during Balkan War.jpg|left|thumb|Armenian volunteers under Andranik during the Balkan War]]

In 1907 Andranik settled in [[Sofia]], where he met the leaders of the [[Internal Macedonian Revolutionary Organization]]{{mdash}}including revolutionary [[Boris Sarafov]]{{mdash}}and the two pledged to work jointly for the oppressed peoples of Armenia and Macedonia.{{sfn|Trotsky|1980|p=250}}{{sfn|Aghayan|1968|p=42}} During the [[First Balkan War]] (1912–13), Andranik led a [[Company (military unit)|company]] of 230 Armenian volunteers{{mdash}} part of the [[Macedonian-Adrianopolitan Volunteer Corps]] of [[Aleksandar Protogerov]] within the Bulgarian army{{mdash}}against the Ottoman Empire.{{sfn|Walker|1990|p=411}}{{sfn|Trotsky|1980|p=251}}{{sfn|Trotsky|1980|p=252}} He shared the command with [[Garegin Nzhdeh]].{{sfn|Trotsky|1980|p=253}} On the opposite side, approximately 8,000 Armenians fought for the Ottoman Empire.{{sfn|Walker|1990|p=194}} Andranik was given the rank of a [[first lieutenant]] by the Bulgarian government.{{sfn|New Armenia|1920|p=84}} He distinguished himself in several battles, including in the [[Battle of Merhamli]], when he helped the Bulgarians to capture Turkish commander Yaver Pasha.{{sfn|Chalabian|1988|p=202}}{{sfn|Aghayan|1968|p=43}} Andranik was honored with the [[Order of Bravery]] by General Protogerov in 1913.{{sfn|Aghayan|1968|p=43}}{{sfn|Chalabian|1988|p=203}} However, Andranik disbanded his men in May 1913,{{sfn|Kharatian|1990|p=11}} and foreseeing the [[Second Balkan War|war between Bulgaria and Serbia]] he "retired to a village near [[Varna, Bulgaria|Varna]], and lived as a farmer until August 1914."{{sfn|New Armenia|1920|p=84}}

==World War I==
[[File:Andranik Ozanian 1918.jpg|thumb|left|upright=0.75|Andranik as the commander of the first Armenian volunteer battalion]]
[[File:Andranik Caucasian Campaign circa 1914-1916.png|thumb|Andranik with his men during [[World War I]]]]

With the outbreak of [[World War I]] in July 1914 between Russia, France and Britain on one side and Germany, the Ottoman Empire and Austria on the other, Andranik left Bulgaria for Russia.{{sfn|Walker|1990|p=411}} He was appointed the commander of the first [[Armenian volunteer battalion]] by the Russian government. From November 1914 to August 1915, Andranik took part in the [[Caucasus Campaign]] as the head commander of the first Armenian battalion of about 1,200 volunteers within the [[Imperial Russian Army]].{{sfn|Chalabian|2009|p=45}}{{sfn|Aghayan|1968|p=43}} Andranik's battalion particularly stood out at the [[Battle of Dilman]] in April 1915.{{sfn|Walker|1990|p=411}} By the victory at Dilman, the Russian and Armenian forces under the command of General [[Tovmas Nazarbekian|Nazarbekian]], effectively stopped the Turks from invading the Caucasus via [[Iranian Azerbaijan]].{{sfn|Aghayan|1968|p=43}}{{sfn|Payaslian|2007|p=136}}

Through 1915, the Armenian genocide was underway in the Ottoman Empire.{{sfn|Payaslian|2007|p=136}} By the end of the war, virtually all Armenians living in their ancestral homeland were either dead or forced into exile by the Ottoman government. An estimated 1.5 million Armenians died in the process, ending the Armenian presence in [[Western Armenia]].<ref>{{cite book|title=Diaspora and Memory: Figures of Displacement in Contemporary Literature, Arts and Politics|year=2007|publisher=Rodopi|isbn=978-90-420-2129-7|page=174|author1=Marie-Aude Baronian |author2=Stephan Besser |author3=Yolande Jansen }}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last=Shirinian|first=Lorne|title=The Republic of Armenia and the rethinking of the North-American Diaspora in literature|year=1992|publisher=E. Mellen Press|isbn=978-0-7734-9613-2|page=ix}}</ref> The only major resistance to the Turkish atrocities took place in Van.{{sfn|Hovannisian|1971|p=14}} The Turkish army [[Defense of Van (1915)|besieged the city]] but the local Armenians, under the leadership of [[Aram Manukian]], kept them out until the Armenian volunteers reached Van, forcing the Turks to retreat.{{sfn|Aghayan|1968|p=44}} Andranik with his unit entered Van on 19 May 1915.{{sfn|Payaslian|2007|p=136}} Andranik subsequently helped the Russian army to take control of [[Çatak (District), Van|Shatakh]], [[Bahçesaray (District), Van|Moks]] and [[Tatvan]] on the southern shore of Lake Van.{{sfn|Chalabian|2009|p=52}} During the summer of 1915, the Armenian volunteer units disintegrated and Andranik went to [[Tiflis]] to recruit more volunteers and continued the combat from November 1915 until March 1916.{{sfn|Aghayan|1968|p=44}} With Andranik's support, the city of Mush was captured by Russians in February 1916.{{sfn|Chalabian|2009|p=52}} In recognition of lieutenant general [[Theodore G. Chernozubov]], the successes of Russian army in numerous locations were significantly associated with the fighting of the first Armenian battalion, headed by Andranik. Chernozubov praised Andranik as a brave and experienced chief, who well understood the combat situation; Chernozubov described him as always at the head of militia, enjoying great prestige among the volunteers.{{sfn|Aghayan|1968|p=45}}

The situation drastically changed in 1916 when the Russian government ordered the Armenian volunteer units to be demobilized and prohibited any Armenian civic activity.{{sfn|Hovannisian|1971|p=14}} Andranik resigned as the commander of the first Armenian battalion.{{sfn|Aghayan|1968|p=44}} Despite the earlier Russian promises, their plan for the region was to make Western Armenia an integral part of Russia and "possibly repopulate by Russian peasants and [[Cossacks]]."{{sfn|Hovannisian|1971|pp=14–15}} [[Richard Hovannisian]] wrote that because the "Russian armies were in firm control of most of the Armenian plateau by the summer of 1916, there was no longer any need to expend niceties upon the Armenians."{{sfn|Hovannisian|1971|p=15}} According to Tsatur Aghayan, Russia used the Armenian volunteers for its own interests.{{sfn|Aghayan|1968|p=44}} Andranik and other Armenian volunteers, disappointed by the Russian policy, left the front in July 1916.{{sfn|Aghayan|1968|p=44}}

===Russian Revolution and Turkish reoccupation===
[[File:Western Armenia September 1917.png|thumb|The greatest extent of the [[Occupation of Turkish Armenia|Russian occupation of Turkish Armenia]] during World War I, September 1917. The area was reoccupied by the Turks between February and April 1918.]]

The [[February Revolution]] was positively accepted by the Armenians because it ended the autocratic rule of [[Nicholas II]].{{sfn|Aghayan|1968|p=45}} The [[Special Transcaucasian Committee]] (known as OZAKOM) was set up in the [[South Caucasus]] by the [[Russian Provisional Government]].{{sfn|Hovannisian|1971|p=15}} In April 1917, Andranik initiated the publication of the newspaper ''[[Hayastan Daily|Hayastan]]'' (Armenia) in Tiflis.{{sfn|Aghayan|1968|p=45}}<ref>{{cite book|last=Nichanian|first=Marc|title=Writers of Disaster: Armenian Literature in the Twentieth Century|volume=1|year=2002|publisher=[[Gomidas Institute]]|location=Princeton, New Jersey|isbn=978-1-903656-09-9|page=236}}</ref> [[Vahan Totovents]] became the editor of this non-partisan, Ottoman Armenian-orientated newspaper.{{sfn|Kharatian|1990|p=12}} Until December 1917, Andranik remained in the South Caucasus where he sought to help the Armenian refugees from the Ottoman Empire in their search for basic needs.{{sfn|Aghayan|1968|p=44}} The provisional government decree of 9 May 1917 put Turkish Armenia under civil administration, with Armenians holding key positions. About 150,000 local Armenians began to rebuild devastated Turkish Armenia; however the Russian army units gradually disintegrated and many soldiers deserted and returned to Russia.{{sfn|Hovannisian|1971|p=15}}

After the 1917 [[October Revolution]], the chaotic retreat of Russian troops from Western Armenia escalated.{{sfn|Hovannisian|1971|p=20}} [[Bolshevik Russia]] and the Ottoman Empire signed the [[Armistice of Erzincan]] on 5 December 1917, ending the hostilities. The [[Sovnarkom|Soviet Russian government]] formally acknowledged the right of self-determination of the Ottoman Armenians in January 1918, but on 3 March 1918, Russia signed the [[Treaty of Brest-Litovsk]] with the [[Central Powers]], ceding Western Armenia and large areas in Eastern Europe to concentrate its forces against the [[White movement|Whites]] in the [[Russian Civil War]].{{sfn|Hovannisian|1971|p=21}}

In December 1917, because the Russian divisions were deserting the region ''en masse'', the Russian command authorized the formation of the Armenian Army Corps under the [[Transcaucasian Commissariat]]. Under the command of [[Tovmas Nazarbekian|General Nazarbekian]], the Corps was positioned in the front line from Van to [[Erzincan]]{{mdash}}a city of around about 20,000 people. Two of the Corps' three divisions were made up of Russian Armenians, while Andranik commanded the Turkish (Western) Armenian division.{{sfn|Walker|1990|p=250}} The Georgian forces patrolled the area between Erzincan and the [[Black Sea]]. Hovannisian states that the only "several thousand men now defended a 300-mile front formerly secured by a half million Russian regulars."{{sfn|Hovannisian|1971|p=22}} Since December 1917, Andranik commanded the Armenian forces in [[Erzurum]]. In January 1918, he was appointed commander of the Western Armenian division of the Armenian Army Corps and given the rank of major-general by the [[Caucasus Front (Russian Republic)|Caucasus Front]] command.<ref name="Hovannisian 1967">{{cite book|last=Hovannisian|first=Richard G.|title=Armenia on the Road to Independence, 1918|year=1967|publisher=University of California Press|location=Berkeley, California|isbn=978-0-520-00574-7|page=113|author-link=Richard G. Hovannisian}}</ref><ref name="SAE"/> Andranik was unable to defend Erzurum for long and the outnumbering Turks captured the city on 12 March 1918, forcing the Armenians to evacuate.{{sfn|Walker|1990|p=250}}{{sfn|Walker|1990|p=411}}

While the Transcaucasian delegation and the Turks were holding a [[Trebizond Peace Conference|conference in Trebizond]], through March and April the Turkish forces, according to Walker, "overran the temporary establishment of Armenian rule in Turkish Armenia, extinguishing the hope so recently raised."{{sfn|Walker|1990|p=250}} Hovannisian wrote, "the battle for Turkish Armenia had been quickly decided; the struggle for Russian Armenia was now at hand."{{sfn|Hovannisian|1971|p=24}} After the Turks captured Erzurum, the largest city in Turkish Armenia, Andranik retreated through [[Kars]], passed through [[Alexandropol]] and [[Stepanavan|Jalaloghly]], and arrived in [[Dsegh]] by 18 May.<ref name="SAE"/>{{sfn|Aghayan|1968|p=46}} By early April 1918, the Turkish forces had reached the pre-war international borders.{{sfn|Hovannisian|1971|p=24}} Andranik and his unit in Dsegh were not able to take part in the battles of [[Battle of Sardarabad|Sardarabad]], [[Battle of Abaran|Abaran]] and [[Battle of Karakilisa|Karakilisa]].{{sfn|Aghayan|1968|p=46}}

==First Republic of Armenia==
[[File:Andranik Ozanian Zoravar Hayots.jpg|thumb|Andranik in 1919.]]
[[File:Armenia delegation United States 1919.jpg|thumb|Republic of Armenia delegation to the United States. Andranik is second from the bottom right.]]

After the Ottoman forces were effectively stopped at Sardarabad, the Armenian National Council declared the independence of the [[Russian Armenia]]n lands on 28 May 1918. Andranik condemned this move and denounced the Armenian Revolutionary Federation.{{sfn|Walker|1990|p=256}} Angry with the Dashnaks, he favored good relations with Bolshevik Russia instead.{{sfn|Walker|1990|p=411}}{{sfn|Aghayan|1968|p=46}} Andranik refused to acknowledge the Republic of Armenia, which he regarded as little more than "a pawn in the grip of [Ottoman] Turkey․"{{sfn|Hovannisian|1971|p=87}} He condemned the singing of the [[Treaty of Batum]] (by which the Ottoman Empire recognized the independence of a greatly reduced Armenia and imposed a number of humiliating conditions) as an act of treason.{{sfn|Hovannisian|1971|p=87}} As Christopher Walker notes, many Turkish Armenians saw the new republic as "only a dusty province without Turkish Armenia whose salvation Armenians had been seeking for 40 years."{{sfn|Walker|1990|p=272-273}} In early June, Andranik departed from [[Dilijan]] with thousands of refugees; they traveled through [[Sevan, Armenia|Sevan]], [[Nor Bayazet]] and [[Vayots Dzor]], and arrived in [[Nakhchivan (city)|Nakhichevan]] on 17 June.<ref name="SAE"/> He subsequently tried to help the Armenian refugees from Van at [[Khoy]], Iran. He sought to join the British forces in northern Iran, but after encountering a large number of Turkish soldiers he retreated to Nakhichevan.<ref name="SAE"/>{{sfn|Hovannisian|1971|p=87}} On 14 July 1918, he proclaimed Nakhichevan an integral part of (Soviet) Russia. His move was welcomed by Armenian Bolshevik leader [[Stepan Shahumyan]] and [[Vladimir Lenin]].{{sfn|Walker|1990|p=411}}{{sfn|Aghayan|1968|p=47}}

===Zangezur===
[[File:Andranik Zangezur 1918.png|thumb|Andranik with the commanders of the Special Striking Division in [[Zangezur]], 1918]]

As the Turkish forces moved towards Nakhichevan, Andranik with his Armenian Special Striking Division moved to the mountainous region of [[Zangezur]] to set up a defense.<ref name="SAE"/> By mid-1918, the relations between the Armenians and Azerbaijanis in Zangezur had deteriorated.{{sfn|Hovannisian|1971|p=86}} Andranik arrived in Zangezur at a critical moment with around 30,000 refugees and an estimated force of between 3,000 and 5,000 men. He established effective control of the region by September. The role of Zangezur was crucial because it was a connection point between Turkey and Azerbaijan. Under Andranik, the region became one of the last centers of Armenian resistance after the Treaty of Batum.{{sfn|Hovannisian|1971|p=87}}

Andranik's irregulars remained in Zangezur surrounded by Muslim villages that controlled the key routes connecting the different parts of Zangezur.{{sfn|Hovannisian|1971|p=87}} According to [[Donald Bloxham]], Andranik initiated the change of Zangezur into a solidly Armenian land by destroying Muslim villages and trying to ethnically homogenize key areas of the Armenian state.<ref>{{cite book|last=Bloxham|first=Donald|title=The Great Game of Genocide: Imperialism, Nationalism, and the Destruction|year=2005|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-927356-0|pages=[https://archive.org/details/greatgameofgenoc00blox/page/103 103–105]|author-link=Donald Bloxham|url=https://archive.org/details/greatgameofgenoc00blox/page/103}}</ref> In late 1918, Azerbaijan accused Andranik of killing innocent Azerbaijani peasants in Zangezur and demanded that he withdraw Armenian units from the area. [[Antranig Chalabian]] wrote that, "Without the presence of General Andranik and his Special Striking Division, what is now the Zangezur district of Armenia would be part of Azerbaijan today. Without General Andranik and his men, only a miracle could have saved the sixty thousand Armenian inhabitants of the Zangezur district from complete annihilation by the Turko-Tatar forces in the fall of 1918";{{sfn|Chalabian|2009|p=409}} he further stated that Andranik "did not massacre peaceful Tatars."{{sfn|Chalabian|2009|p=545}} Andranik's activities in Zangezur were protested by Ottoman general [[Halil Kut|Halil Pasha]], who threatened the Dashnak government with retaliation for Andranik's actions against the Muslim civilians. Armenia's Prime Minister [[Hovhannes Katchaznouni]] said he had no control over Andranik and his forces.{{sfn|Hovannisian|1971|pp=87-88}}

===Karabakh===
[[File:Andranik Military Council of Goris 1918.png|left|thumb|Andranik with the Military Council of [[Goris]], 1918]]

The Ottoman Empire was officially defeated in the First World War and the [[Armistice of Mudros]] was signed on 30 October 1918. The Ottoman forces evacuated Karabakh in November 1918 and by the end of October of that year, Andranik's forces were concentrated between Zangezur and [[Karabakh]]. Before moving towards Karabakh, Andranik made sure that the local Armenians would support him in fighting the Azerbaijanis. In mid-November 1918, he received letters from Karabakh Armenian officials asking him to postpone the offensive for 10 days to allow negotiations with the Muslims of the region. According to Hovannisian, "the time lost proved crucial." In late November, Andranik's forces headed towards [[Shushi]]{{mdash}}the main city of Karabakh and a major Armenian cultural center. After an intense fight against the local [[Kurds]], his forces broke through Abdallyar ([[Lachin]]) and the surrounding villages.{{sfn|Hovannisian|1971|pp=88-89}}

By early December, Andranik was {{Convert|40|km|miles|abbr=on}} away from Shushi when he received a message from British General [[William Montgomery Thomson|W. M. Thomson]] in Baku, suggesting that he retreat from Karabakh because the World War was over and any further Armenian military activity would adversely affect the solution of the Armenian question, which was soon to be considered by the 1919 [[Paris Peace Conference, 1919|peace conference in Paris]].{{sfn|Hovannisian|1971|p=89-90}} Trusting the British, Andranik returned to Zangezur.{{sfn|Walker|1990|p=270}}

The region was left under limited control of the Armenian [[Karabakh Council]]. The British mission under command of Thomson arrived in Karabakh in December 1918. Thomson insisted the council "act only in local, nonpolitical matters," which sparked discontent among the Armenians.{{sfn|Hovannisian|1971|p=89-90}} An "ardent [[pan-Turkist]]" [[Khosrov bey Sultanov]] was soon appointed the governor of Karabakh and Zangezur by Thomson to "squash any unrest in the region."{{sfn|Walker|1990|p=270}} Christopher J. Walker wrote that "[Karabakh] with its large Armenian majority remained Azerbaijani throughout the pre-Soviet and Soviet period" because of "Andranik's trust of the word of a British officer."{{sfn|Walker|1990|pp=270-272}}

=== Departure ===
[[File:Andranik 1919.png|thumb|left|Andranik with his men and two archbishops in [[Etchmiadzin Cathedral]] just before leaving Armenia, April 1919]]

During the winter of 1918–19, Zangezur was isolated from Karabakh and Yerevan by snow. The refugees intensified the famine and epidemic conditions and gave way to inflation. In December 1918, Andranik withdrew from Karabakh to [[Goris]]. On his way, he met with British officers who suggested the Armenian units stay in Zangezur for the winter. Andranik agreed to such a proposal and on 23 December 1918, a group of Armenian leaders met in a conference and concluded that Zangezur could not cope with the influx of refugees until spring.{{sfn|Hovannisian|1971|p=189}} They agreed that the first logical step in relieving the tension was the reparation of more than 15,000 refugees from Nakhichevan{{mdash}}the adjoining district that had been evacuated by the Ottoman armies.{{sfn|Hovannisian|1971|p=190}} Andranik and the conference called upon the British to provide for the refugees in the interim. Major W. D. Gibbon arrived with limited supplies and money donated by the [[Armenians in Baku|Armenians of Baku]], but this was not enough to support the refugees.{{sfn|Hovannisian|1971|p=193}}

[[File:Andranik Ozanian, Hovhannes Tumanyan.jpg|thumb|Andranik Ozanian and [[Hovhannes Tumanyan]] in [[Tiflis]]]]
At the end of February 1919, Andranik was ready to leave Zangezur. Gibbon suggested Andranik and his soldiers leave by Baku-Tiflis railway at [[Yevlakh]] station. Andranik rejected this plan and on 22 March 1919, he left Goris and traveled across [[Sisian]] through deep snowdrifts to Daralagyaz, then moved to the [[Ararat plain]] with his few thousand irregulars.{{sfn|Hovannisian|1971|p=190}} After a three-week march, his men and horses reached the railway station of [[Ararat, Armenia|Davalu]]. He was met by [[Drastamat Kanayan|Dro]], the Assistant Minister of Military Affairs and Sargis Manasian, the Assistant Minister of Internal Affairs, who offered to take him to visit Yerevan, but he rejected their invitation as he believed the Dashnak government had betrayed the Armenians and was responsible for the loss of his homeland and the annihilation of his people. Zangezur became more vulnerable to Azerbaijani threats after Andranik left the district. Earlier, before Andranik's and his soldiers' dismissal, the local Armenian forces had requested support from Yerevan.{{sfn|Hovannisian|1971|p=193}}

On 13 April 1919, Andranik reached [[Etchmiadzin]], the seat of [[Catholicos of All Armenians]] and the religious center of the Armenians, who helped the troops prepare for disbanding.{{sfn|Blackwood's|1919|p=476}} His 5,000-strong division had dwindled to 1,350 soldiers.{{sfn|Chalabian|2009|p=119}} As a result of Andranik's disagreements with the Dashnak government and the diplomatic machinations of the British in the Caucasus, Andranik disbanded his division and handed his belongings and weapons to the Catholicos [[George V of Armenia|George V]].{{sfn|Chalabian|2009|pp=119-120}} On 27 April 1919, he left Etchmiadzin accompanied by 15 officers, and went to Tiflis on a special train; according to Blackwood, "news of his journey traveled before him. At every station crowds were waiting to get a glimpse of their national hero."{{sfn|Blackwood's|1919|p=476}} He left Armenia for the last time; in Tiflis he met with Georgia's Foreign Minister [[Evgeni Gegechkori]] and discussed the [[Georgian–Armenian War]]. The Tbilisi-based writer [[Hovhannes Tumanyan]] served as their interpreter.{{sfn|Chalabian|2009|pp=119-120}}

== Last years==
[[File:Andranik Ozanian Jaques Bagratuni Hovhannes Katchaznouni United States 1919.png|left|thumb|Andranik Ozanian with General [[Jaques Bagratuni]] and [[Hovhannes Katchaznouni]] and Armenian military personnel in the United States, 1919]]
From 1919 to 1922, Andranik traveled around Europe and the United States seeking support for the Armenian refugees. He visited Paris and London, where he tried to persuade the Allied powers to occupy Turkish Armenia.{{sfn|Walker|1990|p=411}} In 1919, during his visit to France, Andranik was bestowed the title of [[Legion of Honor]] Officier by President [[Raymond Poincaré]].<ref>''The Armenian Review'', [[Hairenik Association]], 1976, p. [https://web.archive.org/web/20130921071717/http://books.google.com/books?id=mvYDAAAAYAAJ&q=Legion+of+Honor+antranik+Poincar%C3%A9&dq=Legion+of+Honor+antranik+Poincar%C3%A9&hl=en&sa=X&ei=lmInUp34OPKo4AOI2IEw&ved=0CC8Q6AEwAA 239]</ref><ref>[[:fr:Frédéric Macler|Macler, Frédéric]]. ''[[Revue des Études Arméniennes]]'' (in French). Paris: [[Imprimerie nationale]], 1920, p. 158</ref> In late 1919, Andranik led a delegation to the United States to lobby its support for a mandate for Armenia and fund-raising for the Armenian army.{{sfn|Walker|1990|p=411}}<ref>{{cite news|title=Armenia's National Hero Pleads His Country's Cause in America|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=JFUxAQAAMAAJ&q=antranik&pg=RA5-PA94|newspaper=[[The Literary Digest]]|date=20 December 1919|page=94|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160529134743/https://books.google.com/books?id=JFUxAQAAMAAJ&lpg=RA5-PA94&ots=AIezjBurgO&dq=antranik&pg=RA5-PA94#v=onepage&q=antranik&f=false|archive-date=29 May 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Armenian Mandate Assailed by Gerard|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1919/12/08/archives/armenian-mandate-assailed-by-gerard-role-proposed-for-america-would.html|access-date=30 September 2013|newspaper=[[The New York Times]]|date=8 December 1919|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131005021140/http://query.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=FB0F10FD3D5A147A93CAA91789D95F4D8185F9|archive-date=5 October 2013}}</ref> He was accompanied by General [[Jaques Bagratuni]] and [[Hovhannes Katchaznouni]].{{sfn|Chalabian|2009|p=155}} In Fresno, he directed a campaign which raised {{USD|500,000}} for the relief of Armenian refugees.<ref name="fresno bee"/>

[[File:Andranik wedding paris 1922.jpg|thumb|Andranik's wedding in [[Paris]], 1922]]
When he returned to Europe, Andranik married Nevarte Kurkjian in Paris on 15 May 1922 with [[Boghos Nubar]] serving as their best man.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.chgs.umn.edu/museum/exhibitions/homememories/antranig.html|title=General Antranig, The Armenian Leader|year=2009|publisher=Center for Holocaust and Genocide Studies, [[University of Minnesota]]|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100701104345/http://www.chgs.umn.edu/museum/exhibitions/homeMemories/antranig.html|archive-date=1 July 2010}}</ref> Andranik and Nevarte moved to the United States and settled in [[Fresno, California]] in 1922.{{sfn|Aghayan|1968|p=22}} In his 1936 short story, ''Antranik of Armenia'', Armenian-American writer [[William Saroyan]] described Andranik's arrival. He wrote, "It looked as if all Armenians of California were at the Southern Pacific depot at the day he arrived." He said Andranik "was a man of about fifty in a neat Armenians suit of clothes. He was a little under six feet tall, very solid and very strong. He had an old-style Armenian mustache that was white. The expression of his face was both ferocious and kind."<ref>{{cite book|last=Saroyan|first=William|author-link=William Saroyan|title=31 selected stories from "Inhale and Exhale"|year=1943|publisher=Avon Book Company|location=New York|page=107}}</ref> Andranik lived with the family of [[Armen Alchian]], who later became a prominent economist, in Fresno for several months.<ref>{{cite news |title="The Armenian Adam Smith": UCLA Holds Conference in Honor of Armenian Economist |url=https://asbarez.com/the-armenian-adam-smith-ucla-holds-conference-in-honor-of-armenian-economist/ |work=[[Asbarez]] |date=May 26, 2006 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220907190223/https://asbarez.com/the-armenian-adam-smith-ucla-holds-conference-in-honor-of-armenian-economist/ |archive-date=7 September 2022 }}</ref> In his novel ''Call of the Plowmen'' («Ռանչպարների կանչը», 1979), where Andranik is called Shapinand, [[Khachik Dashtents]] describes his life in Fresno, where he spend his free time making small wooden chairs.<ref>{{cite book|last=Dashtents|first=Khachik|author-link=Khachik Dashtents|script-title=hy:Ռանչպարների կանչը|trans-title=Call of Plowmen|url=http://armenianhouse.org/dashtents/novels-am/ploughmen/chapter32.html|year=1979|publisher=Sovetakan grogh|location=Yerevan|chapter=Կարոտ [Nostalgia]|language=hy|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120111025352/http://armenianhouse.org/dashtents/novels-am/ploughmen/chapter32.html|archive-date=11 January 2012}}</ref>

==Death==
[[File:Cimetière du Père-Lachaise - General Antranik Toros Ozanian.jpg|thumb|Andranik's grave in [[Père Lachaise Cemetery]], Paris]]
[[File:Andranik Ozanian memorial in Yerablur.jpg|thumb|Andranik's grave at [[Yerablur]] cemetery]]

In February 1926, Andranik left Fresno to reside in San Francisco in an unsuccessful attempt to regain his health.<ref name="fresno bee">''[[The Fresno Bee]]'', Death Claims Famous General, Once of Fresno, 31 August 1927</ref> According to his death certificate found in the [[Butte County, California]] records, Andranik died from [[Angina pectoris|angina]] on 31 August 1927 at [[Richardson Springs, California]].<ref>{{cite news|url=http://asbarez.com/arm/82428/|title=Զօրավար Անդրանիկի Մահուան 83րդ Ամեակի Առիթով [On the 83rd anniversary of General Andranik's death]|last=Demirjian|first=Nubar|date=27 August 2010|newspaper=[[Asbarez]]|access-date=6 September 2013|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130921055638/http://asbarez.com/arm/82428/|archive-date=21 September 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=General Antranik, Noted Fight Dies|url=https://archive.org/details/AndranikLATimes1927|access-date= 12 September 2013|newspaper=[[The New York Times]]|date=2 September 1927}}</ref> On 7 September 1927, thousands paid their final respects. A farewell service was given at the [[Holy Trinity Church, Fresno|Holy Trinity Church]], from where the funeral procession headed to the [[Ararat Cemetery]].<ref>{{cite news |last1=Poochigian |first1=Debbie |last2=Tateosian |first2=Sevag |title=Armenian military hero was revered in Fresno |url=https://www.fresnobee.com/opinion/readers-opinion/article145915064.html |work=[[The Fresno Bee]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250421175710/https://www.fresnobee.com/opinion/readers-opinion/article145915064.html |archive-date=21 April 2025}}</ref>
<ref>{{cite book|last=Avakian|first=Arra S.|title=Armenia: A Journey Through History|year=1998|publisher=Electric Press|isbn=978-0-916919-20-7|pages=[http://www.electpress.com/books/armch8ex.htm 311–314]}}</ref> On October 9 more than 2,500 members of the Armenian community attended memorial services at [[Carnegie Hall]] in New York.<ref>{{cite news|title=Armenians Eulogize General Andranik; Speakers at Memorial Meeting Mourn Him as Greatest Hero of Native Land|url=https://archive.org/details/AndranikLATimes1927|access-date=29 September 2013|newspaper=[[The New York Times]]|date=10 October 1927}}</ref>

After his first funeral, it was planned to take Andranik's remains to Armenia for final burial; however, when they arrived in France, the Soviet authorities refused permission to allow his remains to enter Soviet Armenia.{{sfn|Hovannisian|1971|p=191}}{{sfn|Walker|1990|p=411}} Instead they remained in France and, after a second funeral service held in the [[Armenian Cathedral of St. John the Baptist|Armenian Church of Paris]], were buried in [[Père Lachaise Cemetery]] in Paris on 29 January 1928.{{sfn|Chalabian|1988|p=541}}{{sfn|Aghayan|1968|p=52}} In early 2000, the Armenian and French governments arranged the transfer of Andranik's body from Paris to Yerevan. ''[[Asbarez]]'' wrote that the transfer was initiated by Armenia's Prime Minister [[Vazgen Sargsyan]].<ref name="9 feb 2000 asbarez">{{cite news|title=Gen. Andranik's Remains to Be Buried in Armenia|url=http://asbarez.com/42060/gen-andraniks-remains-to-be-buried-in-armenia/|access-date=28 September 2013|newspaper=Asbarez|date=9 February 2000|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130928045121/http://asbarez.com/42060/gen-andraniks-remains-to-be-buried-in-armenia/|archive-date=28 September 2013}}</ref> Andranik's body was moved to Armenia on 17 February 2000.<ref>{{cite news|title=Armenian Community in France Bids Farewell to Gen. Andranik's Remains|url=http://asbarez.com/42131/armenian-community-in-france-bids-farewell-to-gen-andraniks-remains/|access-date=28 September 2013|newspaper=Asbarez|date=17 February 2000|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131003044558/http://asbarez.com/42131/armenian-community-in-france-bids-farewell-to-gen-andraniks-remains/|archive-date=3 October 2013}}</ref> It was placed in the [[Karen Demirchyan Complex|Sport & Concert Complex]] in Yerevan for two days and was then taken to [[Etchmiadzin Cathedral]], where [[Karekin II]] officiated the funeral service.<ref name="9 feb 2000 asbarez"/> Andranik was re-interred at [[Yerablur]] military cemetery in Yerevan on 20 February 2000, next to Vazgen Sargsyan.<ref name="9 feb 2000 asbarez"/>{{sfn|Adalian|2010|p=ixv}}<ref name=ng.ru>{{cite news|script-title=ru:Перезахоронен прах героя|trans-title=The remains of the hero were reburied|last=Khanbabyan|first=Armen|url=http://www.ng.ru/cis/2000-02-22/5_heroe.html|newspaper=[[Nezavisimaya Gazeta]]|date=22 February 2000|access-date=6 September 2013|language=ru|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130921061555/http://www.ng.ru/cis/2000-02-22/5_heroe.html|archive-date=21 September 2013}}</ref> In his speech during the reburial ceremony, Armenia's President [[Robert Kocharyan]] described Andranik as "one of the greatest sons of the Armenian nation."<ref>{{cite web|last=Kocharyan|first=Robert|title=Խոսքը Անդրանիկ Զորավարի աճյունի վերաթաղման արարողության ժամանակ [Speech at the reburial ceremony of General Andranik]|url=http://news.president.am/arm/?sub=statements&year=2000&from=20|publisher=Office to the President of the Republic of Armenia|access-date=9 September 2013|author-link=Robert Kocharyan|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070827225037/http://news.president.am/arm/?sub=statements|archive-date=27 August 2007|date=20 February 2000|url-status=dead}}</ref> Prime Minister [[Aram Sargsyan]], Foreign Minister [[Vartan Oskanian]], and one of Andranik's soldiers, 102-year-old Grigor Ghazarian, were also in attendance.<ref>{{cite web|title=Andranik Pasha|url=http://www.janfedayi.com/Andranik/|publisher=JanFedayi.com|access-date=2 January 2015|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303203952/http://www.janfedayi.com/Andranik/|archive-date=3 March 2016}}</ref> A memorial was built on his grave with the phrase ''Zoravar Hayots''{{mdash}}"General of the Armenians"{{mdash}}engraved on it.

==Legacy and recognition==
===Public image===
{{quote box
| width  = 25%
| align  = right
| quote  = "General Andranik, the great Armenian leader, who is our national hero [...] For many years General Andranik kept alive the courage of all Armenians. He promised them freedom and constantly endangered his life to keep up the spirits of my people."
| source = &nbsp;—[[Aurora Mardiganian]], ''[[Ravished Armenia]]'' (1918)<ref>{{cite book|last=Mardiganian|first=Aurora|title=Ravished Armenia|year=1918|publisher=Kingfield Press|location=New York|pages=[https://archive.org/details/ravishedarmenias00mard/page/248/mode/2up?view=theater 249–250]|author-link=Aurora Mardiganian|title-link=Ravished Armenia}}</ref>
}}

Andranik was considered a hero during his lifetime.<ref>{{cite book|last=Hovannisian|first=Richard G.|title=Armenian Tsopk/Kharpert|year=2002|publisher=Mazda Publishing|location=Costa Mesa, California|isbn=978-1-56859-150-6|page=430|author-link=Richard G. Hovannisian}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|title=Armenia's Military Hero|journal=[[The American Review of Reviews]]|date=July–December 1919|volume=LX (60)|pages=640–641|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=UNUcgd_8b8EC&q=antranik%20armenian&pg=PA640|editor1-first=Shaw|editor1-last=Albert|editor1-link=Albert Shaw (journalist)|location=New York}}</ref> ''[[The Literary Digest]]'' described Andranik in 1920 as "the Armenian's Robin Hood, Garibaldi, and Washington, all in one."<ref name="Andranik Washington">{{cite news|title=General Andranik, the Armenian Washington|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5LI5AQAAMAAJ&q=andranik+gendarme&pg=RA2-PA90|newspaper=[[The Literary Digest]]|date=17 January 1920|volume=64|pages=90–92|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160517223121/https://books.google.com/books?id=5LI5AQAAMAAJ&dq=andranik%20gendarme&pg=RA2-PA90#v=onepage&q=andranik%20gendarme&f=false|archive-date=17 May 2016|last1 = Wheeler|first1 = Edward Jewitt|last2 = Funk|first2 = Isaac Kaufman|last3 = Woods|first3 = William Seaver|last4 = Draper|first4 = Arthur Stimson|last5 = Funk|first5 = Wilfred John}}</ref> ''[[The Independent]]'' wrote that he is "worshiped by his countrymen for his heroic fighting in their defense against the Turks."<ref>{{cite news|title=We Are Desperate! A First-hand Story of the Present Situation in the Near East By General Antranik The Armenian Leader|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yvTlAAAAMAAJ&q=antranik+armenian&pg=PA467|newspaper=[[The Independent]]|date=27 March 1920|pages=467–468|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160424225223/https://books.google.com/books?id=yvTlAAAAMAAJ&lpg=PA467&ots=zg34AUuyqq&dq=antranik%20armenian&pg=PA467#v=onepage&q=antranik%20armenian&f=false|archive-date=24 April 2016| last1=Bacon | first1=Leonard | last2=Thompson | first2=Joseph Parrish | last3=Storrs | first3=Richard Salter | last4=Leavitt | first4=Joshua | last5=Beecher | first5=Henry Ward | last6=Bowen | first6=Henry Chandler | last7=Tilton | first7=Theodore | last8=Ward | first8=William Hayes | last9=Holt | first9=Hamilton | last10=Franklin | first10=Fabian | last11=Fuller | first11=Harold de Wolf | last12=Herter | first12=Christian Archibald }}</ref> Andranik was praised by the noted Armenian writer [[Hovhannes Tumanyan]],{{sfn|Aghayan|1968|p=45}} while Armenian Bolshevik [[Anastas Mikoyan]] wrote in his memoirs that "the name Andranik was surrounded by halo of glory."{{sfn|Simonian|1988|p=12}} [[Gerard Libaridian]] described Andranik as the "most famous of the Armenian guerrilla fighters, although not necessarily the most important. He represented the emerging new image of the Armenian who could fight."<ref>{{cite book |editor1-last=Libaridian |editor1-first=Gerard |editor1-link=Gerard Libaridian |title=Armenia at the Crossroads: Democracy and Nationhood in the Post-Soviet Era |date=1991 |publisher=Blue Crane |location=Watertown, MA |page=20}}</ref>

[[File:Andranik L'Image 1919.png|thumb|General Andranik on the cover of the French magazine ''L'Image'', 1919]]

Andranik is considered a national hero among Armenians worldwide.{{sfn|Adalian|2010|p=ixv}}<ref>{{cite book|last=Peterson|first=Merrill D.|title="Starving Armenians": America and the Armenian genocide, 1915–1930 and After|year=2004|publisher=University of Virginia Press|location=Charlottesville|isbn=978-0-8139-2267-6|page=87|author-link=Merrill D. Peterson}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last=Dadrian|first=Vahakn N.|title=Warrant for Genocide: Key Elements of Turko-Armenian Conflict|year=2004|publisher=Transaction Publishers|location=New Brunswick, New Jersey|isbn=978-1-4128-4119-1|page=109|author-link=Vahakn N. Dadrian}}</ref> He is also seen as a legendary figure in Armenian culture.<ref name="SAE"/>{{sfn|Kharatian|1990|p=3}} In a series of polls in Armenia from 2006 to 2008, Andranik consistently placed second after Vazgen Sargsyan in the list of Armenian national heroes and leaders.<ref>surveys:
*{{cite web|title=Armenia National Voter Study November 2006|url=http://www.iri.org/sites/default/files/2006%20November%20Survey%20of%20Armenian%20Public%20Opinion,%20November%2010-19,%202006.pdf|publisher=IRI, USAID, Baltic Surveys Ltd./The Gallup Organization, ASA|access-date=4 May 2013|page=46|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131104124046/http://www.iri.org/sites/default/files/2006%20November%20Survey%20of%20Armenian%20Public%20Opinion,%20November%2010-19,%202006.pdf|archive-date=4 November 2013}} 
*{{cite web|title=Armenia National Voter Study March 16-25, 2007|url=http://www.iri.org/sites/default/files/2007%20May%202%20Survey%20of%20Armenian%20Public%20Opinion,%20March%2016-25,%202007.pdf|publisher=IRI, USAID, Baltic Surveys Ltd./The Gallup Organization, ASA|access-date=4 May 2013|page=57|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130921055315/http://www.iri.org/sites/default/files/2007%20May%202%20Survey%20of%20Armenian%20Public%20Opinion,%20March%2016-25,%202007.pdf|archive-date=21 September 2013}} 
*{{cite web|title=Armenia National Voter Study July 2007|url=http://www.iri.org/sites/default/files/2007%20September%2017%20Survey%20of%20Armenian%20Public%20Opinion,%20July%205-12,%202007.pdf|publisher=IRI, USAID, Baltic Surveys Ltd./The Gallup Organization, ASA|access-date=4 May 2013|page=55|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130921055021/http://www.iri.org/sites/default/files/2007%20September%2017%20Survey%20of%20Armenian%20Public%20Opinion,%20July%205-12,%202007.pdf|archive-date=21 September 2013}} 
*{{cite web|title=Armenia National Voter Study October 27 – November 3, 2007|url=http://www.iri.org/sites/default/files/2008%20January%2022%20Survey%20of%20Armenian%20Public%20Opinion,%20October%2027-November%203,%202007.pdf|publisher=IRI, USAID, Baltic Surveys Ltd./The Gallup Organization, ASA|access-date=4 May 2013|page=60|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130921055458/http://www.iri.org/sites/default/files/2008%20January%2022%20Survey%20of%20Armenian%20Public%20Opinion,%20October%2027-November%203,%202007.pdf|archive-date=21 September 2013}} 
*{{cite web|title=Armenia National Voter Study January 13 – 20, 2008|url=http://www.iri.org/sites/default/files/2008%20February%2015%20Survey%20of%20Armenian%20Public%20Opinion,%20January%2013-20,%202008.pdf|publisher=IRI, USAID, Baltic Surveys Ltd./The Gallup Organization, ASA|access-date=4 May 2013|page=49|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130921055034/http://www.iri.org/sites/default/files/2008%20February%2015%20Survey%20of%20Armenian%20Public%20Opinion,%20January%2013-20,%202008.pdf|archive-date=21 September 2013}}</ref>

During the Soviet period, his legacy and those of other Armenian national heroes were diminished and "any reference to them would be dangerous since they represented the strive for independence," especially prior to the [[Khrushchev Thaw]].<ref>{{cite book|last=Harutyunyan|first=Angela|title=Public spheres after socialism|url=https://archive.org/details/publicspheresaft00haru|url-access=limited|year=2009|publisher=Intellect Books|location=Bristol, UK|isbn=978-1-84150-212-0|page=[https://archive.org/details/publicspheresaft00haru/page/n22 22]|author2=Hörschelmann, Kathrin|author3=Miles, Malcolm}}</ref> [[Paruyr Sevak]], a prominent Soviet Armenian author, wrote an essay about Andranik in 1963 after reading one of his soldier's notes. Sevak wrote that his generation knew "little about Andranik, almost nothing." He continued, "knowing nothing about Andranik means to know nothing about modern Armenian history."<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.report.am/news/society/sevak-andranik_147.html|title=Պարույր Սեւակը՝ Անդրանիկի մասին [Paruyr Sevak about Andranik]|date=25 February 2012|newspaper=Report.am|access-date=6 September 2013|language=hy|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130921055138/http://www.report.am/news/society/sevak-andranik_147.html|archive-date=21 September 2013}}</ref> In 1965, Andranik's 100th anniversary was celebrated in Soviet Armenia.<ref name="SAE"/>

====Criticism====
Andranik's activities have attracted occasional criticism. He has generally been seen as a pro-Russian (and pro-Soviet) figure;<ref>{{cite book|last=Suny|first=Ronald G.|title=Looking toward Ararat: Armenia in modern history|year=1993|publisher=Indiana University Press|location=Bloomington|isbn=978-0-253-20773-9|page=[https://archive.org/details/lookingtowardara00rona/page/273 273]|author-link=Ronald Grigor Suny|url=https://archive.org/details/lookingtowardara00rona/page/273}}</ref>{{sfn|Aghayan|1968|p=46}} prompting the scholar-turned-political activist [[Rafael Ishkhanyan]] to criticize him for constant reliance on Russia.<ref name="Ishxanian"/> Ishkhanyan characterized Andranik and [[Hakob Zavriev]] as leaders of the stream within Armenian political thought unconditionally reliant on Russia. He contrasted them with [[Aram Manukian]] and his self-reliant stance.<ref name="Ishxanian">First published in English in {{cite book |last1=Ishkhanian |first1=Rafael |author-link1=Rafael Ishkhanyan |editor1-last=Libaridian |editor1-first=Gerard |editor1-link=Gerard Libaridian |title=Armenia at the Crossroads: Democracy and Nationhood in the Post-Soviet Era |date=1991 |publisher=Blue Crane |location=Watertown, MA |pages=20–21 |chapter=The Law of Excluding the Third Force}}</ref> The poet {{ill|Ruben Angaladyan|hy|Ռուբեն Անգալադյան}} voiced his opposition to the erection of a statue of Andranik in Yerevan, arguing that he does not deserve one in the national capital because he did not contribute substantially to the First Republic and ultimately left Armenia. While Angaladyan acknowledges Andranik as a popular hero, he considers it inappropriate to call him a national hero.<ref>{{cite news|last=Avagyan|first=Lilit|script-title=hy:Մայրաքաղաքում Անդրանիկի արձան չպիտի լիներ|url=http://168.am/2013/06/23/241871.html|newspaper=168hours|date=23 July 2013|language=hy|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130921055218/http://168.am/2013/06/23/241871.html|archive-date=21 September 2013}}</ref>

===Memorials===
Statues and memorials of Andranik have been erected around the world, including in [[Bucharest]], Romania (1936),<ref>{{cite journal|url=http://www.aniv.ru/archive/38/sobor-obschina-ljudi-prodolzhenie-fragmenty-iz-knigi-eduarda-zhamgochjana/ |title=Собор, община, люди [Cathedral, community and people] |last=Zhamgochyan |first=Eduard |date=19 February 2012 |journal=Aniv |volume=5 |issue=38 |language=ru |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140624185635/http://www.aniv.ru/archive/38/sobor-obschina-ljudi-prodolzhenie-fragmenty-iz-knigi-eduarda-zhamgochjana/ |archive-date=24 June 2014 }}</ref> Père Lachaise Cemetery in Paris (1945), [[Melkonian Educational Institute]], [[Nicosia]], Cyprus (1990),<ref>[[:File:Antranik bust, Melkonian Educational Institute, Nicosia.jpg|A bust of Andranik]] at the Melkonian school in Nicosia</ref> [[Le Plessis-Robinson]], Paris (2005),<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.azatutyun.am/content/article/1577222.html|title=Ֆրանսիայի Պլեսի-Ռոբենսոն քաղաքում բացվել է զորավար Անդրանիկի արձանը [General Andranik's state opened in France's Le Plessis-Robinson]|date=7 June 2005|agency=[[Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty]]|access-date=6 September 2013|language=hy|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130921060844/http://www.azatutyun.am/content/article/1577222.html|archive-date=21 September 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.plessis-robinson.com/vie-municipale/jumelage/jumelage-avec-arapkir.html |title=Jumelage avec Arapkir |date=26 April 2006 |publisher=City Hall of Plessis Robinson |access-date=24 June 2014 |language=fr |quote=Square des Martyrs, s'élève le buste d'un des grands libérateurs de l'Arménie, le général Andranik. |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140624190043/http://www.plessis-robinson.com/vie-municipale/jumelage/jumelage-avec-arapkir.html |archive-date=24 June 2014 }}</ref> Varna, Bulgaria (2011),<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.skat.bg/news.php?action=0&newsID=13608|title=Откриха паметник на генерал Андраник|date=8 July 2011|publisher=[[SKAT (television)|SKAT]]|access-date=6 September 2013|language=bg|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130921055419/http://www.skat.bg/news.php?action=0&newsID=13608|archive-date=21 September 2013}}</ref> and [[Armavir, Russia|Armavir]], Russia.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.yerkramas.org/2012/05/29/cherez-god-posle-demontazha-pamyatnika-andraniku-na-kubani-otkryta-memorialnaya-doska-pamyati-andranika-i-nzhde-fotoreportazh/ |script-title=ru:Через год после демонтажа памятника Андранику, на Кубани открыта мемориальная доска памяти Андраника и Нжде |date=29 May 2012 |newspaper=[[Yerkramas]] |access-date=6 September 2013 |language=ru |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131025075148/http://www.yerkramas.org/2012/05/29/cherez-god-posle-demontazha-pamyatnika-andraniku-na-kubani-otkryta-memorialnaya-doska-pamyati-andranika-i-nzhde-fotoreportazh/ |archive-date=25 October 2013 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://news.am/arm/news/107340.html|title=Ռուսական Արմավիրում Անդրանիկ Օզանյանի և Գարեգին Նժդեհի պատվին հուշատախտակ է բացվել|date=29 May 2012|newspaper=News.am|access-date=6 September 2013|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130921055319/http://news.am/arm/news/107340.html|archive-date=21 September 2013}}</ref> A memorial exists in Richardson Springs, California, where Andranik died.<ref>{{cite news|last=Mitchell|first=Larry|title=Memorial marks Armenian hero's death at hotel north of Chico|url=http://www.chicoer.com/fromthenewspaper/ci_21441708/memorial-marks-armenian-heros-death-at-hotel-north|access-date=16 September 2013|newspaper=Chicoer|date=31 August 2012|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130921055240/http://www.chicoer.com/fromthenewspaper/ci_21441708/memorial-marks-armenian-heros-death-at-hotel-north|archive-date=21 September 2013}}</ref> In May 2011, a statue of Andranik was erected in Volonka village near [[Sochi]], Russia;<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.yerkramas.org/2011/05/28/v-lazarevskom-rajone-sochi-ustanovlen-pamyatnik-generalu-andraniku-ozanyanu |script-title=ru:В Лазаревском районе Сочи установлен памятник генералу Андранику Озаняну |date=28 May 2011 |newspaper=[[Yerkramas]] |access-date=6 September 2013 |language=ru |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130703144049/http://www.yerkramas.org/2011/05/28/v-lazarevskom-rajone-sochi-ustanovlen-pamyatnik-generalu-andraniku-ozanyanu/ |archive-date=3 July 2013 }}</ref> however, it was removed the same day, apparently under pressure from Turkey, which earlier announced that they would boycott the [[2014 Winter Olympics|2014 Sochi Winter Olympics]] if the statue remained standing.<ref>{{cite news|title=Community Ordered to Take Down Gen. Antranig Statue in Sochi|url=http://asbarez.com/96312/community-ordered-to-take-down-gen-antranig-statue-in-sochi|access-date=12 September 2013|newspaper=[[Asbarez]]|date=1 June 2011|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130921055826/http://asbarez.com/96312/community-ordered-to-take-down-gen-antranig-statue-in-sochi/|archive-date=21 September 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.yerkramas.org/2011/05/28/pamyatnik-generalu-andraniku-v-sochi-snesli-rukovoditeli-mestnogo-otdeleniya-soyuza-armyan-rossii/ |script-title=ru:Памятник генералу Андранику в Сочи снесен |date=28 May 2011 |newspaper=[[Yerkramas]] |access-date=6 September 2013 |language=ru |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131104162932/http://www.yerkramas.org/2011/05/28/pamyatnik-generalu-andraniku-v-sochi-snesli-rukovoditeli-mestnogo-otdeleniya-soyuza-armyan-rossii/ |archive-date=4 November 2013 }}</ref>

[[File:2014 Erywań, Pomnik generała Andranika Ozaniana.jpg|thumb|An equestrian statue of Andranik near the [[Saint Gregory the Illuminator Cathedral, Yerevan|Saint Gregory Cathedral]] in central [[Yerevan]]]]
[[File:2014 Prowincja Szirak, Giumri, Pomnik generała Andranika Ozaniana (01).jpg|thumb|An equestrian statue of Andranik in [[Gyumri]].]]

The first statue of Andranik in Armenia was erected in 1967 in the village of [[Ujan]].<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.hhpress.am/index.php/index.php?sub=hodv&hodv=20100226_1&flag=am|title=Անպարտելի զորավարը [The Undefeated General]|last=Zoryan|first=Satenik|date=26 February 2010|newspaper=[[Hayastani Hanrapetutyun]]|access-date=6 September 2013|language=hy|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130921054840/http://www.hhpress.am/index.php/index.php?sub=hodv&hodv=20100226_1&flag=am|archive-date=21 September 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.armworld.am/detail.php?paperid=148&pageid=5346&lang=|title=Միասնությունը մարդկանց մեջ պետք է լինի [Unity should be in the people]|last=Hakobyan|first=Armen|newspaper=Hayots Ashkhar|access-date=6 September 2013|language=hy|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131104191825/http://www.armworld.am/detail.php?paperid=148&pageid=5346&lang=|archive-date=4 November 2013}}</ref> Another early statue in Armenia was erected in [[Voskehask]], near Gyumri, in 1969.<ref>{{cite web |author1=[[Government of Armenia]] |title=Շիրակի մարզի պատմության և մշակույթի անշարժ հուշարձանների պետական ցուցակ |url=https://www.arlis.am/DocumentView.aspx?DocID=105447 |website=arlis.am |publisher=Armenian Legal Information System |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210126192303/https://www.arlis.am/DocumentView.aspx?DocID=105447 |archive-date=26 January 2021 |language=hy |quote=Ոսկեհասկ գյուղ ՀՈՒՇԱՐՁԱՆ' ԱՆԴՐԱՆԻԿ ԶՈՐԱՎԱՐԻՆ 1969 թ. գյուղի մեջ, մշակույթի տան մոտ}}</ref> More statues have been erected after Armenia's independence from the Soviet Union in 1991; three of which can be found in the Armenian capital of Yerevan—in [[Malatia-Sebastia]] district (2000); near the [[Saint Gregory the Illuminator Cathedral, Yerevan|St. Gregory Cathedral]] (by [[Ara Shiraz]], 2002); and outside the Fedayi Movement Museum (2006) in the Armenian capital Yerevan.<ref name="statues">{{cite web|url=http://www.yerevan.am/main.php?lang=1&page_id=267 |title=Երևանի հուշարձանները [Statues of Yerevan] |publisher=Yerevan Municipality Official Website |access-date=18 September 2013 |language=hy |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131109212537/http://www.yerevan.am/main.php?lang=1&page_id=267 |archive-date=9 November 2013 }}</ref> Elsewhere in Armenia, Andranik's statues stand in [[Voskevan]] and [[Navur]] villages of [[Tavush]], in [[Gyumri]]'s Victory Park (1994), [[Arteni]], and [[Angeghakot]], among other places.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2W0OuHHAc0Q|title=Թիմը գնում է գյուղեր. այսօր' Նավուր [Straight to Navur]|date=11 October 2011|publisher=[[Civilitas Foundation|CivilNet]]|access-date=6 September 2013|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130921063643/http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2W0OuHHAc0Q|archive-date=21 September 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite encyclopedia|url=http://www.encyclopedia.am/pages.php?bId=1&hId=1080|title=Գյումրի [Gyumri]|encyclopedia=Great School Encyclopedia, Volume II|publisher=[[Armenian Encyclopedia Publishing]]|access-date=8 September 2013|language=hy|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130921061149/http://www.encyclopedia.am/pages.php?bId=1&hId=1080|archive-date=21 September 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.aravot.am/2011/07/30/335553/|title=Անցումային շրջան [A transitional period]|date=30 July 2011|newspaper=[[Aravot]]|access-date=8 September 2013|language=hy|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130921054751/http://www.aravot.am/2011/07/30/335553/|archive-date=21 September 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Հայի ուժը N-80 Անգեղակոթ|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hlE5zOJQuiE&t=12m17s|publisher=[[Yerkir Media]]|access-date=9 September 2013|date=23 June 2013|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130921063226/http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hlE5zOJQuiE&t=12m17s|archive-date=21 September 2013}}</ref>

Numerous streets and squares both inside and outside Armenia, including in [[Córdoba, Argentina|Córdoba]], Argentina,<ref>{{cite web|title=Pje Antranick Córdoba, Argentina |url=https://maps.google.com/maps?hl=en&q=Pje+Antranick,+C%C3%B3rdoba,+Argentina&ie=UTF-8&hq=&hnear=0x94329808df14eaf9:0x122bd0bd30d4c4f9,Pje+Antranick,+C%C3%B3rdoba,+Argentina&gl=us&ei=5bgZUNniGuPo0QHb1YG4DA&ved=0CAgQ8gEwAA|publisher=Google Maps|access-date=14 September 2013}}</ref> [[Plovdiv]]<ref>{{cite web|title=ulitsa "Antranik" 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria |url=https://maps.google.com/maps?hl=en&authuser=0&q=%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B0+%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA+%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%B2&ie=UTF-8&hq=&hnear=0x14acd1a29662b383:0xa9ef381977ff372b,ulitsa+Antranik,+Plovdiv,+Bulgaria&gl=us&ei=2cEQULLbIcr20gG2wIDwDQ&ved=0CAkQ8gEwAA|publisher=Google Maps|access-date=14 September 2013}}</ref> and Varna<ref name="varna">{{cite web|url=http://www.urban-mag.com/bg/%D0%93%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%8F%D1%82,%20%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%20%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA%20%D0%BD%D0%B0%20%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%20%D0%90%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA/1758|title=Големият, нов паметник на генерал Андраник [А new monument to General Andranik]|last=Savov|first=Nikolai|date=27 November 2011|publisher=Urban-mag|access-date=6 September 2013|language=bg|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130921054805/http://www.urban-mag.com/bg/%D0%93%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%8F%D1%82,%20%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%20%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA%20%D0%BD%D0%B0%20%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%20%D0%90%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA/1758|archive-date=21 September 2013}}</ref> in Bulgaria, [[Meudon]], Paris<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.azg.am/EN/200411250|title=Andranik square in Meudon|last=Keshishian|first=Petros|date=9 November 2008|newspaper=[[Azg (daily)|Azg Daily]]|access-date=6 September 2013|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130921061601/http://www.azg.am/EN/200411250|archive-date=21 September 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Rue du Général Antranik 92190 Meudon, France |url=https://maps.google.com/maps?q=Rue+du+G%C3%A9n%C3%A9ral+Antranik,+92190+Meudon,+Hauts-de-Seine,+%C3%8Ele-de-France,+France&ie=UTF-8&hq=&hnear=0x47e67a5f5f7fe277:0x5ec39b7126bcdc6d,Rue+du+G%C3%A9n%C3%A9ral+Antranik,+92190+Meudon,+France&gl=us&ei=6dczUtuTI5G34AOhk4H4Ag&ved=0CDEQ8gEwAA|publisher=Google Maps|access-date=14 September 2013}}</ref> and a section of [[Connecticut Route 314]] state highway running entirely within [[Wethersfield, Connecticut]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ct.gov/dot/LIB/dot/Documents/dpolicy/hwylog/hwylog.pdf |title=Highway Log Connecticut State Numbered Routes and Roads |publisher=[[Connecticut Department of Transportation]] |date=31 December 2010 |access-date=6 September 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150905063334/http://www.ct.gov/dot/LIB/dot/Documents/dpolicy/hwylog/hwylog.pdf |archive-date=5 September 2015 }}</ref> are named after Andranik. [[General Andranik (metro station)|General Andranik Station]] of the [[Yerevan Metro]] was opened in 1989 as Hoktemberyan Station and was renamed for Andranik in 1992.<ref name="Holding"/><ref>{{cite web|url=http://metroworld.ruz.net/yerevan/cruise_05_zoravar_andranik.htm|title=Станция "Зоравар Андраник" ["Zoravar Andranik" Station]|publisher=Metroworld|access-date=6 September 2013|language=ru|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130921054632/http://metroworld.ruz.net/yerevan/cruise_05_zoravar_andranik.htm|archive-date=21 September 2013}}</ref> In 1995, General Andranik's Museum was founded in Komitas Park of Yerevan, but was soon closed because the building was privatized.<ref>{{cite news|title=Zoravar Andranik's Museum To Re-open in Yerevan on 27 May |url=http://armeniainfo.am/news/view.php?news_id=457 |access-date=7 September 2013 |newspaper=[[Aravot]] |date=19 May 2006 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130919202431/http://armeniainfo.am/news/view.php?news_id=457 |archive-date=19 September 2013 }}</ref> It was reopened on 16 September 2006, by Ilyich Beglarian as the Museum of Armenian Fedayi Movement, named after Andranik.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.a1plus.am/am/social/2009/03/19/museum-of-zoravar-andranik|title=Զորավարի պատգամին հավատարիմ [Faithful to General's commandment]|date=20 August 2006|agency=[[A1plus]]|access-date=6 September 2013|language=hy|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130921060212/http://www.a1plus.am/am/social/2009/03/19/museum-of-zoravar-andranik|archive-date=21 September 2013}}</ref>

According to Patrick Wilson, during the [[First Nagorno-Karabakh War]] Andranik "inspired a new generation of Armenians."<ref>{{cite book|last=Gore|first=Patrick Wilson|title='Tis Some Poor Fellow's Skull: Post-Soviet Warfare in the Southern Caucasus|year=2008|publisher=iUniverse|isbn=978-0-595-60775-4|page=17}}</ref> A [[Armenian volunteer units during the First Nagorno-Karabakh War|volunteer regiment]] from [[Masis, Armenia|Masis]] named "General Andranik" operated in Armenia and Nagorno-Karabakh during the conflict.<ref>{{cite web|last=Arakelyan|first=Serzh|title=Հրեղեն ոգու կանչը [Call of the fiery spirit]|url=http://www.hayzinvor.am/1030.html|publisher=Hay Zinvor # (806), the Defense Ministry of Armenia|access-date=9 September 2013|date=12–19 January 2011|language=hy|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150610205830/http://www.hayzinvor.am/1030.html|archive-date=10 June 2015}}</ref>

Many organizations and groups in the [[Armenian diaspora]] are named after Andranik.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ayf.org/about/chapters/|title=Chapters|publisher=[[Armenian Youth Federation]]|access-date=6 September 2013|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130527083702/http://www.ayf.org/about/chapters/|archive-date=27 May 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.hayk.net/destinations/sydney-nsw/organizations/homenetmen/|title=Homenetmen|publisher=Hayk the Ubiquitous Armenian|access-date=6 September 2013|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130921055425/http://www.hayk.net/destinations/sydney-nsw/organizations/homenetmen/|archive-date=21 September 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://antranig.org/|title=The Antranig Dance Ensemble|access-date=6 September 2013|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130921060405/http://antranig.org/|archive-date=21 September 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://ugab.org.ar/antranik/|title=Grupo Scout General Antranik|access-date=6 September 2013|language=es|archive-date=8 October 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181008002828/http://ugab.org.ar/antranik/|url-status=dead}}</ref> On 11 September 2012, during the [[Bulgaria national football team|Bulgaria]] vs. [[Armenia national football team|Armenia]] football match in Sofia's [[Vasil Levski National Stadium|Levski National Stadium]], Armenian fans brought a giant poster with pictures of General Andranik and Armenian officer [[Gurgen Margaryan]], who was murdered in 2004 by Azerbaijani lieutenant [[Ramil Safarov]]. The text on the poster read, "Andranik's children are also heroes&nbsp;... The work will be done."<ref>{{cite news|title=A poster with pictures of General Andranik and Gurgen Margaryan in "National" stadium of Sofia|url=http://lurer.com/?p=40502&l=en|agency=Lurer.com|date=11 September 2012|access-date=6 September 2013|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130921054733/http://lurer.com/?p=40502&l=en|archive-date=21 September 2013}}</ref> In the [[Armenian Youth Federation]] Eastern Region, the [[Granite City, Illinois|Granite City]] chapter is named "Antranig" in Andranik's honor.

The 65 page manuscripts of General Andranik, the only known memoir written by him, were returned to Armenia in May 2014 and sent to the [[History Museum of Armenia]] through Culture Minister Hasmik Poghosyan, almost a century after Andranik had parted with them.<ref>{{cite news|title=General Andranik Papers Find Home in Armenia|url=http://www.mirrorspectator.com/2014/05/09/general-andranik-papers-find-home-in-armenia/|date=9 May 2014|newspaper=The Armenian Mirror-Spectator|access-date=2 January 2015|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150103042841/http://www.mirrorspectator.com/2014/05/09/general-andranik-papers-find-home-in-armenia/|archive-date=3 January 2015}}</ref>

=== In culture ===
[[File:Andranik Ozanian poster.jpg|thumb|upright=0.75|[[Lord Kitchener Wants You]]-influenced poster depicting Andranik. The caption reads "Chase the holy dream of your people."]]
[[File:Antranik! Above the crowd.png|thumb|upright=0.75|left|A comic by [[Stookie Allen]] depicting Andranik, ''[[New York Journal-American]]'', 1920]]

Andranik has been figured prominently in the [[Armenian literature]], sometimes as a fictional character.{{sfn|Kharatian|1990|p=3}} The Western Armenian writer [[Siamanto]] wrote a poem entitled "Andranik", which was published in Geneva in 1905.<ref>{{cite book|author=Siamanto|title=Հայորդիները [Hayordinerě]|location=Geneva|publisher=Kedronakan Tparan|year=1905|page=[http://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=uc1.l0095986576;view=1up;seq=9 9]|language=hy|author-link=Siamanto}}</ref> The first book about Andranik was published during his lifetime. In 1920, Vahan Totovents, under the pen name Arsen Marmarian, published the book ''Gen. Andranik and His Wars'' (Զոր. Անդրանիկ և իր պատերազմները) in [[Occupation of Constantinople|Entente-occupied Constantinople]]<!--([http://www.worldcat.org/title/zor-andranik-ew-ir-paterazmnere/oclc/607676618 OCLC 607676618])-->.{{sfn|Kharatian|1990|p=3}} The famed Armenian-American writer William Saroyan wrote a short story titled ''Antranik of Armenia'', which was included in his collection of short stories ''Inhale and Exhale'' (1936).<ref>{{cite book|last=Hovannisian|first=Richard G.|title=The Armenian Genocide in Perspective|year=2008|publisher=Transaction Publishers|location=New Brunswick, New Jersey|isbn=978-1-4128-0891-0|page=156|author-link=Richard G. Hovannisian}}</ref> Another US-based Armenian writer [[Hamastegh]]'s novel ''The White Horseman'' (Սպիտակ Ձիավորը, 1952) was based on Andranik and other ''fedayi''.<ref>{{cite book|title=Սպիտակ Ձիավորը [White Horseman]|year=1952|publisher=Horizon|location=Los Angeles|oclc=10999057|author=Hamastegh|author-link=Hamastegh|language=hy}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|last=Khachatrian|first=M. M.|title=Համաստեղի "Սպիտակ Ձիավորը" վեպը [Hamastegh՚ s novel "The White Rider"]|journal=[[Lraber Hasarakakan Gitutyunneri]]|pages=125–134|url=http://lraber.asj-oa.am/832/|access-date=8 September 2013|publisher=[[Armenian Academy of Sciences]]|location=Yerevan|issn=0320-8117|language=hy|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130921055018/http://lraber.asj-oa.am/832/|archive-date=21 September 2013}}</ref> [[Hovhannes Shiraz]], one of the most prominent Armenian poets of the 20th century, wrote at least two poems about Andranik; one in 1963 and another in 1967. The latter one, titled ''Statue to Andranik'' (Արձան Անդրանիկին), was published in 1991 after Shiraz's death.<ref>{{cite web|title=Շիրազի երկու ինքնագրերը [Two autographs of Shiraz]|url=http://hayart.net/story/14260/|publisher="HAYART" Literary Network|access-date=14 September 2013|language=hy|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130917164738/http://hayart.net/story/14260/|archive-date=17 September 2013}}</ref> [[Sero Khanzadyan]]'s novel ''Andranik'' was suppressed for years and was published in 1989 when the tight Soviet control over publications was relaxed.<ref>{{cite book|last=Khanzadyan|first=Sero|title=Անդրանիկ [Andranik]|year=1989|publisher=Khorhrdayin Grogh|location=Yerevan|oclc=605225665|author-link=Sero Khanzadyan}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last=Bardakjian|first=Kevork B.|title=A Reference Guide to Modern Armenian Literature, 1500–1920: With an Introductory History|year=2000|publisher=Wayne State University Press|location=Detroit|isbn=978-0-8143-2747-0|page=[https://archive.org/details/referenceguideto00bard/page/225 225]|url=https://archive.org/details/referenceguideto00bard/page/225}}</ref> Between the 1960s and the 1980s, author Suren Sahakyan collected folk stories and completed a novel, "Story about Andranik" (Ասք Անդրանիկի մասին). It was first published in Yerevan in 2008.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://blog.ararat-center.org/?p=45|title=Story About General Andranik – Epic Novel Written and Developed by Suren Sahakian Published After Edited by L. Sahakian|date=12 June 2008|publisher="Ararat" Center of Strategic Research|access-date=31 August 2013|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130921055502/http://blog.ararat-center.org/?p=45|archive-date=21 September 2013}}</ref><!--(ISBN 978-99941-48-86-8)-->

Andranik's name has been memorialized in numerous songs.{{sfn|New Armenia|1920|p=83}} In 1913, Leon Trotsky described Andranik as "a hero of song and legend."{{sfn|Trotsky|1980|p=247}} Italian diplomat and historian [[Luigi Villari]] wrote in 1906 that he met a priest from Turkish Armenia in [[Yerevan|Erivan]] who "sang the war-song of Antranik, the leader of Armenian revolutionary bands in Turkey."<ref>{{cite book|last1=Villari|first1=Luigi|author-link1=Luigi Villari|title=Fire and Sword in the Caucasus|date=1906|publisher=[[T. Fisher Unwin]]|location=London|page=[http://armenianhouse.org/villari/caucasus/land-of-ararat.html 229]}}</ref> Andranik is one of the main figures featured in [[Armenian revolutionary songs|Armenian patriotic songs]], performed by [[Nersik Ispiryan]], [[Harout Pamboukjian]] and others. There are dozens of songs dedicated to him, including ''Like an Eagle'' by ''[[Gusans|gusan]]'' [[Sheram]], 1904<ref>{{cite journal|last=Bakshian Jr.|first=Aram|title=Andranik of Armenia|journal=[[History Today]]|date=April 1993|volume=43|issue=4|author-link=Aram Bakshian|issn=0018-2753}}</ref> and ''Andranik pasha'' by ''gusan'' Hayrik.<ref>{{cite book|title=Նոստալգիայի երգեր [Nostaligc Songs]|year=2009|publisher=IndoEuropean publishing|location=Los Angeles|isbn=978-1-60444-046-1|page=73|editor=Aghajanian, Alfred|language=hy}}</ref> Andranik also features in the popular song ''The Bravehearts of the Caucasus'' (Կովկասի քաջեր) and other pieces of Armenian patriotic folklore.<ref>{{cite web|title=Հայրենասիրական և ազգագրական – Կովկասի քաջեր [Patriotic and folk songs – The Bravehearts of the Caucasus]|url=http://www.ktak.am/e107_plugins/forum/forum_viewtopic.php?206.30|publisher=National Center of Educational Technologies|access-date=16 September 2013|language=hy|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130921061021/http://www.ktak.am/e107_plugins/forum/forum_viewtopic.php?206.30|archive-date=21 September 2013}}</ref>

Several documentaries about Andranik have been produced; these include '' Andranik''<!-- http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0190968/ --> (1929) by Armena-Film in France, directed by Asho Shakhatuni, who also played the main role;<ref>{{cite web|title=Andranik|url=http://www.armenews.com/IMG/Partie_1_Andranik_Les_Grands_Romans_Filmes_1929.pdf|publisher=Les Grands Romans Filmés|access-date=14 September 2013|language=fr|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130921055735/http://www.armenews.com/IMG/Partie_1_Andranik_Les_Grands_Romans_Filmes_1929.pdf|archive-date=21 September 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Bakhchinyan|first=Artsvi|title=О нем мечтали женщины и ему завидовали мужчины. Бурная жизнь армянского актера Ашо Шахатуни [Life of Asho Shakhatuni]|url=http://www.inieberega.ru/node/385|publisher=[[Union of Theatre Workers of the Russian Federation]]|access-date=14 September 2013|language=ru|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130921060106/http://www.inieberega.ru/node/385|archive-date=21 September 2013}}</ref> ''General Andranik'' (1990) directed by [[Levon Mkrtchyan]], narrated by [[Khoren Abrahamyan]]; and ''Andranik Ozanian'', a 53-minute-long documentary by the [[Public Television of Armenia]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Անդրաիկ Օզանյան տեսաֆիլմ [Andranik Ozanian film]| date=3 January 2012 |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Fm-UOg45ZCE|publisher=Public Television of Armenia|language=hy|access-date=14 September 2013|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130921063443/http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Fm-UOg45ZCE|archive-date=21 September 2013}}</ref>
{{clear}}

==Awards==
[[File:Legion dHonneur.jpg|thumb|[[Legion of Honor|Legion of Honour Officer]] certificate of Andranik]]

Through his military career, Andranik was awarded with a number of medals and orders by governments of four countries.<ref>{{cite news|title=Պատմութեան Թանգարանին Յանձնուեցան Զօրավար Անդրանիկի Սուրը Եւ Շքանշանները [Andranik's sword and medals handed to the History Museum]|url=http://asbarez.com/arm/42073/|access-date=21 September 2013|newspaper=[[Asbarez]]|date=30 November 2006|language=hy|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130921054201/http://asbarez.com/arm/42073/|archive-date=21 September 2013}}</ref> Andranik's medals and sword were moved to Armenia and given to the [[History Museum of Armenia]] in 2006.<ref>{{cite news|title=General Andranik's Sword and Medals Handed to History Museum of Armenia|url=http://asbarez.com/54282/general-andraniks-sword-and-medals-handed-to-history-museum-of-armenia/|access-date=8 September 2013|newspaper=[[Asbarez]]|date=2 December 2006|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130921055140/http://asbarez.com/54282/general-andraniks-sword-and-medals-handed-to-history-museum-of-armenia/|archive-date=21 September 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=General Andranik's Sword and Medals Handed to History Museum af Armenia|url=https://armenpress.am/eng/news/518422|access-date=8 September 2013|newspaper=[[Armenpress]]|date=29 November 2006|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221128030003/https://armenpress.am/eng/news/518422|archive-date=28 November 2022}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable"
! Country
!
! Award
! Rank
! Year
|-
| {{Flagicon|Bulgaria}} [[Kingdom of Bulgaria]]
| [[File:MilitaryOrderBravery-Ribbon.gif|50x50px]]
| [[Order of Bravery]] 
| {{center|IV grade,<br>"For Bravery"}}
| 1913<ref>{{cite book|editor=Pindikova, Galina|title=Македоно-одринското опълчение 1912–1913 [Macedonian-Adrianopolitan Volunteer Corps 1912–1913]|url=https://www.archives.government.bg/uploaded_files/sprav_09_all.pdf|location=Sofia|publisher=State Military Archive of Bulgaria|year=2006|page=741|isbn=978-954-9800-52-4|language=bg|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170825232550/https://www.archives.government.bg/uploaded_files/sprav_09_all.pdf|archive-date=25 August 2017}}</ref>{{sfn|Chalabian|1988|p=203}}
|-
|rowspan="4"|{{flag|Russian Empire}}
| [[File:Order of Saint Stanislaus Ribbon.PNG|50x50px]]
| [[Order of Saint Stanislaus (Imperial House of Romanov)|Order of St. Stanislaus]]
| {{center|II class<br>with Swords}}
| 1914–16<ref name="Byzantinism Knight"/>
|-
| [[File:Order of Saint Vladimir, ribbon bar.svg|frameless|50x50px]]
| [[Order of St. Vladimir]] 
| {{center|IV class}}
| 1914–16<ref name="Byzantinism Knight"/><ref name="War Journal 1918">{{cite web|title=War Journal Of the Second Russian Fortress Artillery Regiment Of Erzeroum From its Formation Until the Recapture of Erzeroum by the Ottoman Army March 12th, 1918|url=http://louisville.edu/a-s/history/turks/Khlebof%20War%20Journal.pdf|publisher=[[University of Louisville]]|access-date=7 September 2013|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130921054301/http://louisville.edu/a-s/history/turks/Khlebof%20War%20Journal.pdf|archive-date=21 September 2013}}</ref>
|-
| [[File:RUS Order of Saint George 4th class ribbon 2000.svg|50x50px]]
| [[Cross of St. George (Russia)|Cross of St. George]]
| {{center|I, II, III class}}
| 1914–16{{sfn|Aghayan|1968|p=43}}<ref name="Byzantinism Knight"/>
|-
| [[File:RUS Order of Saint George 4th class ribbon 2000.svg|50x50px]]
| [[Order of St. George]]
| {{center|II, III, IV classes}}
| 1914–16<ref>{{cite journal|title=General Antranik Ozanian|journal=[[The New Armenia]]|editor1-first=Arshag D.|editor1-last=Mahdesian|date=1927|issue=X|location=New York|volume=19-21|url=https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=inu.30000123017422&seq=265|pages=53|publisher=New Armenia Publishing Company}}</ref><ref name="Byzantinism Knight">{{cite news|journal=Византийское наследство [Byzantine Heritage]|editor1-first=Levon|editor1-last=Grigoryan|title=Рыцарь византизма [Byzantium Knight]|url=http://www.vizantarm.am/page.php?22|volume=64|language=ru|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141029024343/http://vizantarm.am/page.php?22|archive-date=29 October 2014}}</ref>
|-
| {{flagicon|France}} [[French Third Republic|French Republic]] 
| [[File:Legion Honneur Officier ribbon.svg|50x50px]]
| [[Legion of Honor]]
| {{center|Officier}} 
| 1919<ref name="Andranik Washington"/>
|-
| {{Flagicon|Greece|royal}} [[Kingdom of Greece]]
| [[File:Greek War Cross 1917 2nd class ribbon.png|50x50px]]
| [[War Cross (Greece)|War Cross]] 
| {{center|II class}}
| 1920{{sfn|Haroutyunian|1965|p=112}}<ref>{{cite news|title=Министр обороны Армении передал саблю и ордена выдающегося армянского полководца Андраника Музею истории (Defense Minister of Armenia handed Andranik's sword and medals to the Museum of History)|url=http://newsarmenia.ru/arm1/20061129/41613845.html|newspaper=Novosti Armenia|date=29 November 2006|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140624190352/http://newsarmenia.ru/arm1/20061129/41613845.html|archive-date=24 June 2014|language=ru}}</ref> 
|-
|}

==Published works==
{{commons category|Andranik Ozanyan}}
*{{cite book|title=Մարտական հրահանգներ: Առաջարկներ, նկատողութիւններ եւ խորհուրդներ [Combat Commands: Suggestions, Remarks, Recommendations]|year=1906|publisher=[[Armenian Revolutionary Federation|ARF]] Press|location=Geneva|oclc=320038626}}<ref name="1906 book">{{cite web|url=http://nla.am/arm/meghapart/Arm/1906.htm |title=1906 |publisher=[[National Library of Armenia]] |access-date=7 September 2013 |language=hy |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130921053518/http://nla.am/arm/meghapart/Arm/1906.htm |archive-date=21 September 2013 }}</ref>
*{{cite book|title=Հայկական առանձին հարուածող զօրամասը [The Armenian Special Striking Division]|year=1921|publisher=Azg|location=Boston|oclc=49525413}}<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nla.am/arm/meghapart/Arm/frame5.htm |title=1921 |publisher=[[National Library of Armenia]] |access-date=7 September 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130921053850/http://www.nla.am/arm/meghapart/Arm/frame5.htm |archive-date=21 September 2013 }}</ref>
*{{cite book|title=Զորավար Անդրանիկը կը խոսի [General Andranik Speaks]|url=http://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k379021t/f5.image|year=1921|publisher=Abaka weekly|location=Paris|oclc=234085160}}
*{{cite book|title=Առաքելոց վանքին կռիւը (Հայ յեղափոխութենէն դրուագ մը) [The Battle of Arakelots (An Episode of Armenian Revolution)]|year=1924|publisher=[[Baikar]]|location=Boston}} Memoirs of Andranik written down by Levon K. Lyulejian.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://nla.am/arm/meghapart/Arm/1924.htm |title=1924 |publisher=[[National Library of Armenia]] |access-date=7 September 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130921053322/http://nla.am/arm/meghapart/Arm/1924.htm |archive-date=21 September 2013 }}</ref><!-- The 1992 edition in Armenian is available [http://freebooks.do.am/load/%D5%80%D4%B1%D5%85%D5%88%D5%91%20%D5%8A%D4%B1%D5%8F%D5%84%D5%88%D5%92%D4%B9%D5%85%D5%88%D5%92%D5%86/ar39aqeloc_vanqin_kr39iwy39_zoravar_andranik/23-1-0-1039 here]-->

==References==
;Notes
{{notelist-ua|25em}}

;Citations
{{reflist}}

===Bibliography===
{{refbegin|25em}}
*{{cite book|last=Trotsky|first=Leon|title=The Balkan wars: 1912–13: the war correspondence of Leon Trotsky|year=1980|publisher=Monad Press|location=New York|chapter=Andranik and his Troop, from ''Kievskaya Mysl'' No. 197, July 19, 1913 |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tEJmenVPZ-IC&q=andranik+1888&pg=PA247|pages=247–256|isbn=978-0-909196-08-0|author-link=Leon Trotsky}}
*{{cite journal|title=Antranik|journal=[[Blackwood's Magazine]]|date=October 1919|volume=CCVI (206)|pages=441–477|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7S4iAQAAIAAJ&q=antranik%20armenian&pg=PA441|ref={{harvid|Blackwood's|1919}}}}
*{{cite journal|title=General Antranik|journal=[[The New Armenia]]|editor1-first=Arshag D.|editor1-last=Mahdesian|date=June 1920|issue=6|location=New York|volume=12|pages=82–85|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=59g5AQAAMAAJ&q=General%20Antranik&pg=PA82|publisher=New Armenia Publishing Company|ref={{harvid|New Armenia|1920}}}}
*{{cite journal|last=Haroutyunian|first=A. H.|title=Անդրանիկը որպես մարտիկ և զորավար /Ծննդյան 100-ամյակի առթիվ/ [Andranik as Warrior and Commander]|journal=[[Patma-Banasirakan Handes]]|year=1965|issue=1|pages=109–124|url=http://hpj.asj-oa.am/737/|publisher=[[Armenian Academy of Sciences]]|location=Yerevan|language=hy}}
*{{cite journal|last=Aghayan|first=Tsatur|title=Զորավար Անդրանիկի գործունեության մասին [On the Activities of General Andranik]|journal=Patma-Banasirakan Handes|year=1968|issue=2|pages=40–56|url=http://hpj.asj-oa.am/1211/|author-link=Tsatur Aghayan|publisher=Armenian Academy of Sciences|location=Yerevan|language=hy}} 
*{{cite book|last=Hovannisian|first=Richard|author-link=Richard Hovannisian|title=The Republic of Armenia: Volume 1, The First Years, 1918–1919|year=1971|publisher=University of California Press|location=Los Angeles|isbn=0-520-01805-2|url=https://archive.org/details/republicofarmeni0000hova}}
*{{cite book|last=Chalabian|first=Antranig|author-link=Antranig Chalabian|title=General Andranik and the Armenian Revolutionary Movement|location=Southfield, Michigan|publisher=Antranig Chalabian|year=1988}}
*{{cite journal|last=Hambarian|first=A. S.|title=Սասունի 1904 թվականի գոյամարտը [Sasun's Self-Defence in 1904]|journal=Patma-Banasirakan Handes|publisher=Armenian Academy of Sciences|location=Yerevan|year=1989|issue=4|pages=22–34|url=http://hpj.asj-oa.am/5285/|issn=0135-0536|language=hy}}
*{{cite book|last=Walker|first=Christopher J.|title=Armenia: The Survival of a Nation|year=1990|publisher=St. Martin's Press|location=New York|isbn=978-0-312-04230-1|edition=revised second|author-link=Christopher J. Walker}}
*{{cite journal|last=Kharatian|first=A.|title=Վահան Թոթովենցը Անդրանիկի մասին [Vahan Totovents about Andranik]|journal=Patma-Banasirakan Handes|year=1990|issue=1|pages=3–14|url=http://hpj.asj-oa.am/5312/|publisher=Armenian Academy of Sciences|location=Yerevan|issn=0135-0536|language=hy}}
*{{cite book|last=Mouradian|first=George|title=Armenian infotext|year=1995|publisher=Bookshelf Publishers|location=Southgate, Michigan|isbn=978-0-9634509-2-0}}
*{{cite book|last=Payaslian|first=Simon|title=The history of Armenia|year=2007|publisher=Palgrave Macmillan|location=New York|isbn=978-1-4039-7467-9|author-link=Simon Payaslian}}
*{{cite book|last=Chalabian|first=Antranig|title=Dro (Drastamat Kanayan): Armenia's First Defense Minister of the Modern Era|year=2009|publisher=Indo-European Publishing|location=Los Angeles|isbn=978-1-60444-078-2}}
*{{cite book|last=Adalian|first=Rouben Paul|title=Historical Dictionary of Armenia|year=2010|publisher=Scarecrow Press|location=Lanham, Maryland|isbn=978-0-8108-7450-3|author-link=Rouben Paul Adalian}}
{{refend}}

==Further reading==
{{refbegin|25em}}

===Articles===
*{{cite journal|first1=M.|last1=Nercissian|first2=A.|last2=Harutyunian|first3=D.|last3=Mouradian|title=Материалы о генерале Андранике [Documents on General Andranik]|journal=[[Patma-Banasirakan Handes]]|year=1981|issue=1|pages=242–248|url=http://hpj.asj-oa.am/3529/|publisher=[[Armenian Academy of Sciences]]|location=Yerevan|issn=0135-0536|language=ru}}
*{{cite book|language=hy|last=Karapetyan|first=H.|year=1996|contribution=Անդրանիկ (Andranik)|title=Հայկական հարց» հանրագիտարան ["Armenian Question" Encyclopedia]|location=Yerevan|publisher=[[Armenian Encyclopedia Publishing]]}} ([https://web.archive.org/web/20171026204602/http://www.armeniansgenocide.am/am/Encyclopedia_Of_armenian_genocide_Andranik archived link])
*{{cite journal|last=Hrachik|first=Simonian|title=Զորավար Անդրանիկ (ընդհանուր բնութագիր) [General Andranik (general characteristic)]|journal=[[Patma-Banasirakan Handes]]|year=2000|issue=1|pages=44–50|url=http://hpj.asj-oa.am/4375/|publisher=Armenian Academy of Sciences|location=Yerevan|issn=0135-0536|language=hy}}
*{{cite journal|last=Severikova|first=N. M.|title=Великий сын Отечества: К 80-летию со дня кончины Андраника Сасунского [Great Son of Fatherland: On the 80th anniversary of death of Andranik of Sasun]|journal=Historical Science|year=2007|issue=6|url=http://getmedia.msu.ru/newspaper/creators_vector/article/severik/great_son.htm|publisher=Massmedia Center of the [[Moscow State University]]|issn=2304-4551|language=ru}}

===Books===
*{{cite book|script-title=hy:Զօրավար Անդրանիկի կովկասեան ճակատի պատմական օրագրութիւնը 1914–1917|trans-title=Historic Timeline of Caucasian Front of General Andranik|year=1924|publisher=[[Baikar]]|location=Boston|language=hy}}
*{{cite book|last=Aharonyan|first=Vardges|script-title=hy:Անդրանիկ. մարդը եւ ռազմիկը|trans-title=Andranik: the man and the soldier|year=1957|publisher=[[Hairenik]]|location=Boston|oclc=47085812|language=hy}}
*{{cite book|script-title=hy:Զօր. Անդրանիկ (Օզանեան) կեանքն ու գործունէութիւնը|year=1985|publisher=[[Hamazkayin]]|location=Beirut, Lebanon|url=http://www.armenews.com/IMG/General_Antranik.pdf|language=hy|access-date=2 October 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131004213815/http://www.armenews.com/IMG/General_Antranik.pdf|archive-date=4 October 2013|url-status=dead}}
*{{cite book|last=Chalabian|first=Antranig|script-title=hy:Զօրավար Անդրանիկ Եւ Հայ Յեղափոխական Շարժումը|trans-title=General Andranik and the Armenian Revolutionary Movement|year=1986|publisher=Donikian Press|location=Beirut|author-link=Antranig Chalabian|language=hy}}
*{{cite journal|last=Simonian|first=Hrachik|title=Истинный народный герой [The True Popular Hero]|journal=[[Patma-Banasirakan Handes]]|year=1988|issue=3|pages=12–28|url=http://hpj.asj-oa.am/4998/|publisher=[[Armenian Academy of Sciences]]|location=Yerevan|issn=0135-0536|language=ru}}
*{{cite book|last=Antranig|first=Chalabian|script-title=hy:Զօրավար Անդրանիկ Եւ Հայ Յեղափոխական Շարժումը|trans-title=General Andranik and the Armenian Revolutionary Movement|year=1990|location=Yerevan|publisher=Ա. հ.|author-link=Antranig Chalabian|language=hy}}
*{{cite book|last=Garibdzhanian|first=Gevorg|title=Ժողովրդական հերոս Անդրանիկ [Andranik the Popular Hero]|year=1990|publisher=Hayastan Publishing|location=Yerevan|oclc=26596860|language=hy}}
*{{cite book|script-title=ru:Андраник Озанян. документы и материалы|trans-title=Andranik Ozanian: documents and materials|year=1991|author=National Archives of Armenia|location=Yerevan|publisher=National Archives of Armenia|language=ru|author-link=National Archives of Armenia}}
*{{cite book|last=Aghayan|first= Tsatur|author-link=Tsatur Aghayan|script-title=hy:Անդրանիկ. դարաշրջան, դեպքեր, դեմքեր|trans-title=Andranik: era, events, faces|year=1994|publisher=ՀԲՀ հրատ|location=Yerevan|language=hy}}
*{{cite book|last=Simoyan|first=Hrachik|script-title=hy:Անդրանիկի ժամանակը|trans-title=Andranik's time|year=1996|publisher=Kaisa|location=Yerevan|language=hy}}
*{{cite book|last=Aghayan|first=Tsatur|title=Андраник и его эпоха|trans-title=Andranik and his era|year=1997|publisher=Международный гуманитарный фонд арменоведения им. Ц. П. Агояна|location=Moscow|isbn=5-7801-0050-0|language=hy}}
*{{cite document|title=Անդրանիկագիտական Հանդես [[Andranikological Review]]|year=2002–2004|first=Ashot|last=Grigoryan|publisher=Ashot Grigoryan|location=Yerevan|language=hy}}
*{{cite book|last=Simonyan|first=Ruben|script-title=hy:Անդրանիկ. Սիբիրական վաշտի ոդիսականը|trans-title=Andranik: The Siberian company's odyssey|year=2006|publisher=Voskan Yerevantsi|location=Yerevan|oclc=76872489|language=hy}}
*{{cite book|last=Andreasyan|first=Vazken|script-title=hy:Անդրանիկ|year=1982|publisher=Tonikyan|location=Beirut, Lebanon|url=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/23/Vazken_Andr%C3%A9assian_-_%D5%8E%D5%A1%D5%A6%D5%A3%D5%A7%D5%B6_%D4%B1%D5%B6%D5%A4%D6%80%D5%A7%D5%A1%D5%BD%D5%A5%D5%A1%D5%B6_-_1982_-_%D4%B1%D5%B6%D5%A4%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%AB%D5%AF_%E2%80%93_%D5%8A%D5%A5%D5%BF%D6%80%D5%B8%D5%BD_%D5%84%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%A6%D5%BA%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%A5%D5%A1%D5%B6.pdf|language=hy}}
{{refend}}

{{Authority control}}

{{Armenian national liberation movement}}
{{Armenian nationalism}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Andranik}}
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