View source for American Declaration of the Rights and Duties of Man

{{Short description|1948 treaty and human rights instrument}}
{{More citations needed|find=American Declaration of the Rights and Duties of Man|date=April 2024}}
{{Infobox Treaty
| name                = American Declaration of the Rights and Duties of Man
| long_name           =
| image               =
| image_width         = 200px
| caption             =
| type                =
| date_drafted        =
| date_signed         = April 1948
| location_signed     = [[Bogotá]], [[Colombia]]
| date_sealed         = 
| date_effective      = 2 May 1948
| condition_effective =
| date_expiration     =
| signatories         =
| parties             =
| depositor           =
| language            =
| languages           =
| website             =
| wikisource          = American Declaration of the Rights and Duties of Man
}}

The '''American Declaration of the Rights and Duties of Man''', also known as the '''Bogota Declaration''',<ref>{{cite book|last= Morsink|first=Johannes|date=1999|title=The Universal Declaration of Human Rights: Origins, Drafting, and Intent|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nSWZY3Rs9vQC&q=American+Declaration+of+the+Rights+and+Duties+of+Man+bogot%C3%A0&pg=PA131|location=Philadelphia|publisher=University of Pennsylvania Press|page=131|isbn=0-8122-3474-X}}</ref> was the world's first [[international human rights instruments|international human rights instrument]] of a general nature, predating the [[Universal Declaration of Human Rights]] by less than a year.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Quintana |first=Francisco-José |date=2024-04-04 |title=The (Latin) American Dream? Human Rights and the Construction of Inter-American Regional Organisation (1945–1948) |url=https://brill.com/view/journals/jhil/25/4/article-p560_5.xml |journal=Journal of the History of International Law / Revue d'histoire du droit international |volume=25 |issue=4 |pages=560–591 |doi=10.1163/15718050-bja10100 |issn=1388-199X|hdl=1814/76795 |hdl-access=free }}</ref>

The Declaration was adopted by the nations of the [[Americas]] at the Ninth [[International Conference of American States]] in [[Bogotá]], [[Colombia]], on 2 May 1948.<ref>{{cite web|title=American declaration of the rights and duties of man|url=https://www.ohchr.org/EN/Issues/Education/Training/Compilation/Pages/2AmericanDeclarationoftheRightsandDutiesofMan(1948).aspx|access-date=9 May 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=American declaration of the rights and duties of man|url=http://www.cidh.org/basicos/english/Basic1.%20Intro.htm|access-date=9 May 2019}}</ref> The conference and declaration was led and designed chiefly by United States public servants.<ref>{{Cite web| title=Pan-American conferences 1826-1948|url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Pan-American-conferences#ref225128|access-date=2020-10-15}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last= Paúl|first=Álvaro|date=2017|title=Los trabajos preparatorios de la Declaración Americana de los Derechos y Deberes del Hombre y el origen remoto de la Corte Interamericana|url=https://biblio.juridicas.unam.mx/bjv/detalle-libro/4660-los-trabajos-preparatorios-de-la-declaracion-americana-de-los-derechos-y-deberes-del-hombre-y-el-origen-remoto-de-la-corte-interamericana|location=Mexico|publisher=Instituto de Investigaciones Jurídicas UNAM|page=1|isbn=978-607-02-9613-0}}</ref> The same conference adopted the [[Charter of the Organization of American States]] and thereby created the [[Organization of American States|OAS]].<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Ghidirmic |first=Bogdan |date=2018 |title=The American Declaration of the Rights and Duties of Man: An Underrated Gem of International Human Rights Law |url=https://www.ceeol.com/search/article-detail?id=699817 |journal=Journal of Law and Public Administration |language=English |volume=IV |issue=7 |pages=50–60 |issn=2501-2657}}</ref>

{{blockquote|All men are born free and equal, in dignity and in rights, and, being endowed by nature with reason and conscience, they should conduct themselves as brothers one to another.|Preamble, American Declaration of the Rights and Duties of Man}}

Chapter One of the Declaration sets forth a catalogue of [[civil and political rights]] to be enjoyed by the citizens of the signatory nations, together with additional [[economic, social, and cultural rights]] due to them. As a corollary, its second chapter contains a list of corresponding duties. As explained in the preamble:
:"The fulfillment of duty by each individual is a prerequisite to the rights of all. Rights and duties are interrelated in every social and political activity of man. While rights exalt individual liberty, duties express the dignity of that liberty."<ref>{{Cite journal |date=1948-06-10 |title=American Declaration on the Rights and Duties of Man / : adopted by the 9th International Conference of American States |url=https://digitallibrary.un.org/record/565094?ln=en&v=pdf |journal=United Nations Digital Library |language=en |publisher=UN}}</ref>

Although strictly speaking a declaration is not a [[soft law|legally binding]] treaty, the [[jurisprudence]] of both the [[Inter-American Court of Human Rights]] and the [[Inter-American Commission on Human Rights]] holds it to be a source of binding international obligations for the OAS's member states.<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://library.oapen.org/handle/20.500.12657/88112 |title=The Impact of the Inter-American Human Rights System: Transformations on the Ground |date=2024 |publisher=Oxford University Press |doi=10.1093/oso/9780197744161.001.0001 |hdl=20.500.12657/88112 |isbn=978-0-19-774416-1 |editor-last=Bogdandy |editor-first=Armin von |language=English |editor-last2=Piovesan |editor-first2=Flávia |editor-last3=Ferrer Mac-Gregor |editor-first3=Eduardo |editor-last4=Morales Antoniazzi |editor-first4=Mariela}}</ref> While largely superseded in the current practice of the inter-American human rights system by the more elaborate provisions of the [[American Convention on Human Rights]] (in force since 18 July 1978), the terms of the Declaration are still enforced with respect to those states that have not ratified the convention, such as [[Cuba]], the [[United States]], and [[Canada]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.oas.org/dil/treaties_B-32_American_Convention_on_Human_Rights_sign.htm|title=:: Multilateral Treaties > Department of International Law > OAS ::|website=www.oas.org|access-date=2016-03-30}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
{{Wikisource|American Declaration of the Rights and Duties of Man}}
*[http://www1.umn.edu/humanrts/oasinstr/zoas2dec.htm Text of the American Declaration of the Rights and Duties of Man]
*[https://biblio.juridicas.unam.mx/bjv/detalle-libro/4660-los-trabajos-preparatorios-de-la-declaracion-americana-de-los-derechos-y-deberes-del-hombre-y-el-origen-remoto-de-la-corte-interamericana Travaux Préparatoires of the American Declaration of the Rights and Duties of Man]

{{International human rights legal instruments}}
{{Organization of American States}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Organization of American States treaties]]
[[Category:Human rights instruments]]
[[Category:1948 in law]]
[[Category:Human rights in Latin America]]
[[Category:1948 in international relations]]
[[Category:1948 in Colombia]]
[[Category:1948 documents]]

{{Treaty-stub}}