View source for Alstom Traxx

{{Short description|Family of locomotives manufactured by Alstom, originally by Bombardier}}
{{redirect|EU43|another use|FS Class E.412}}
{{Infobox locomotive
|name            = Alstom Traxx family (electric)
|powertype       = [[Electric locomotive|Electric]]
|image           = Bombardier TRAXX 187 002-1, 100 years of the Lötschberg, Lalden.jpg
|imagesize       = 300px
|caption         = Bombardier TRAXX Last Mile
|aarwheels       = B'B'
|uicclass        = Bo′Bo′
|builder         = [[Bombardier Transportation]], [[Alstom]] (2021–)
|buildmodel      = TRAXX F140 AC<br>TRAXX P140 AC<br>TRAXX P160 AC<br>TRAXX P160 DE<br>TRAXX F140 AC2<br>TRAXX F140 MS<br>TRAXX F140 DE
|builddate       = 1996–present
|totalproduction = 1,800 {{As of |2015|lc=on}}
|gauge           = {{Track gauge|sg|allk=on}},<br> {{Track gauge|1668mm|lk=on}} (Spain and Portugal)
|length          = {{convert|18900|mm|ftin|frac=8|abbr=on}}<ref name="g140"/><ref name="s140"/><ref name="g160"/><ref name="doc"/>
|width           = {{convert|2980|mm|ftin|frac=8|abbr=on}}<ref name="g140"/><ref name="s140"/><ref name="g160"/><ref name="doc"/>
|locoweight      = {{convert|80|-|85|t|abbr=on}}<ref name="doc"/> <br>({{convert|84|-|88|t|abbr=on|disp=or}})<ref name="infra">[http://www.infratrans.ro/prezentari/Bombardier_Infratrans_2007_Bucharest_Vitins.pdf Interoperable Locomotives for Central-Eastern Europe and main Corridors] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120313142417/http://www.infratrans.ro/prezentari/Bombardier_Infratrans_2007_Bucharest_Vitins.pdf |date=13 March 2012 }} page 8 - Bombardier sales release - (via ''infratrans.ro'')</ref><ref name="mass" group="note"/>
|electricsystem    =  AC, MS: [[15 kV AC|15&nbsp;kV/16.7&nbsp;Hz]],<br>[[25 kV AC railway electrification|25&nbsp;kV/50 Hz]] [[Alternating current|AC]]<br>DC, MS: 1.5&nbsp;kV, 3&nbsp;kV [[Direct current|DC]]<br>DE: - <br>[[Overhead line|Catenary]]
|collectionmethod = [[Pantograph (rail)|Pantograph]]
|poweroutput     = Electric: {{convert|5.6|MW|abbr=on}}<br>(1.5&nbsp;kV: {{convert|4.0|MW|abbr=on}})<ref name="doc"/><br>Diesel: {{convert|2.2|MW|abbr=on}}<ref name="doc"/>
|tractiveeffort  = {{convert|270|-|300|kN|abbr=on}}<ref name="doc"/>
|safety          = [[ETCS]] ready<br>Various European systems
|trainbrakes     = [[Knorr brake]] ([[Railway disc brake|Disc brake]]), [[Dynamic braking|electric brakes]]
|maxspeed        = {{convert|140|km/h|0|abbr=on}} (freight versions), {{convert|160|km/h|0|abbr=on}} (passenger versions), {{convert|200|km/h|0|abbr=on}} version also available<ref name="doc"/>
|locale          = Europe
}}

'''Alstom Traxx''' (sold as '''Bombardier TRAXX''' before 2021) is a modular product platform of mainline [[diesel-electric]] and [[electric locomotive]]s. It was produced originally by [[Bombardier Transportation]] and later [[Alstom]], and was built in both freight and passenger variants. The first version was a dual-voltage AC locomotive built for German railways from the year 2000. Later types included DC versions, as well as quadruple-voltage machines, able to operate on all four [[Railway electrification system|electrification schemes]] commonly used in Europe.<ref>[[1.5 kV DC]], [[3 kV DC]], [[15 kV AC]], and [[25 kV AC]]</ref> The family was expanded in 2006 to include diesel-powered versions. Elements common to all variants include steel bodyshells, two bogies with two powered axles each, three-phase asynchronous [[induction motor]]s, cooling exhausts on the roof edges, and wheel disc brakes.

The TRAXX brand name itself was introduced in 2003. The acronym stands for '''''T'''ransnational '''R'''ailway '''A'''pplications with e'''X'''treme fle'''X'''ibility''.<ref name="knorr">{{cite journal |url=http://www.knorr-bremse.com/media/documents/railvehicles/informer/Informer_0022-EN.pdf |title=Development partnership with Bombardier |journal=Informer |issue=22 |date=December 2008 |pages=18–21 |access-date=9 January 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303213338/http://www.knorr-bremse.com/media/documents/railvehicles/informer/Informer_0022-EN.pdf |archive-date=3 March 2016 |url-status=dead  }}</ref>  With the takeover of Bombardier Transportation by Alstom in January 2021, the trademark rights were transferred to the new owner. In the summer of 2023, Alstom extended the use of the word mark to the entire range of locomotives and completely stopped using its own word mark [[Alstom Prima|Prima]] . At the same time, communication was switched to the journalistic spelling Traxx and additional word marks were registered. 

Locomotives were primarily made for the railways of Germany, with orders coming from other countries including [[France]], [[Israel]], [[Switzerland]], [[Sweden]], [[Norway]], [[Italy]], [[Belgium]], [[Luxembourg]], [[Poland]], [[Spain]], [[Hungary]], [[South Africa]]<ref name=transnet /> and the [[Netherlands]].

The TRAXX locomotives were developed at Bombardier plants in [[Bombardier Transportation Mannheim Plant|Mannheim]], [[Oerlikon (Zürich)|Zürich Oerlikon]] in [[Switzerland]] and [[Vado Ligure]] in [[Italy]]. The final assembly of the vehicles takes place at Bombardier's locomotive production centres at [[Kassel]] in [[Germany]] and Vado Ligure (only the DC Variant).

==Development==
===AEG 12X, ABB Eco2000 platform===
{{Main|DBAG Class 128}}
In the early 1990s, West German federal railway [[Deutsche Bundesbahn]] (DB) sought to replace its ageing electric locomotive fleet with a single type. In the previous decade, DB introduced its first universal locomotives with three-phase asynchronous induction motors and two bogies with two powered axles each, the [[DB Class 120]], which had been successful. In 1991, DB requested bids<ref name="br101"/> for about 1000 more universal locomotives with an improved design and increased power, the planned DB Class 121. The railway industry began developing new locomotives, but in October 1992, DB cancelled the tender<ref name="ek-120-0"/> due to the high price of the offers and the changed situation.<ref name="br101"/> In 1994, Deutsche Bundesbahn merged with the former East German [[Deutsche Reichsbahn (East Germany)|Deutsche Reichsbahn]], creating [[Deutsche Bahn]], bringing over 600 modern [[DR Class 243]] locomotives into the joint locomotive fleet. In addition, the merger coincided with a railway reform, dividing the rolling stock of Deutsche Bahn between its regional passenger, long-distance passenger and freight business areas, making the universal locomotive plans obsolete.<ref name="ek-120-0"/> From late 1993, the business areas of Deutsche Bahn and their predecessors called new bids for electric locomotives tailored for their specific needs.<ref name="br101">{{cite web |url=http://www.br-101.de/start.php?n=1&s=geschichte |title=Entwicklungsgeschichte |language=de |publisher=Baureihe-101.de |access-date=10 January 2011}}</ref><ref name="Dreh145">{{cite web |url=http://www.drehstromloks.de/beschreibung_BR145-146/Geschichte.htm |title=Geschichte der BR 145/146 |language=de |publisher=Drehstromloks.de |access-date=10 January 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110718231614/http://www.drehstromloks.de/beschreibung_BR145-146/Geschichte.htm |archive-date=18 July 2011 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

The competitors for the DB Class 121 included two of the forerunners of Bombardier Transportation: German locomotive manufacturer [[LEW Hennigsdorf|AEG Schienenfahrzeuge]], a part of [[AEG (German company)|AEG]] which was controlled by [[Daimler-Benz]] at the time; and ABB Henschel, a German locomotive manufacturing branch of Swedish-Swiss company [[ABB Group|ABB]]. Components of both the AEG and ABB concepts were built into the prototypes of the DB Class 120 for trials from late 1991.<ref name="ek-120-0">{{cite journal |last=Rampp |first=Brian |title=20 Jahre Vorserien-120 |language=de |pages=56–61 |date=November 1999 |journal=Eisenbahn Kurier}}</ref><ref name="ei-eco2000"/> AEG followed up its development effort by building an experimental universal locomotive, the '''''12X'''''.<ref name="ei-12x">{{cite journal |title=Die Baureihe 12x. Hochleistungs-Universal-Lokomotive der AEG. Teil 2 |language=de |pages=50–53 |date=December 1993 |journal=Eisenbahn Illustrierte}}</ref> This locomotive can be considered the predecessor of the TRAXX family. The 12X was delivered in June 1994<ref name="gb12x"/> and, although owned by AEG, was designated Class 128 by DB. The 12X featured several innovations compared to the Class 120,<ref name="gb12x">{{cite book |title=Electric railways 1880-1990 |last=Duffy |first=Michael C. |year=2003 |publisher=[[Institution of Engineering and Technology|IET]] |isbn=978-0-85296-805-5 |page=351 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=cpFEm3aqz_MC&pg=PA351 |access-date=10 January 2011}}</ref> including water-cooled [[Inverter (electrical)|inverters]] based on [[Gate turn-off thyristor|GTO thyristors]], a new final drive concept with pivot axle bearings on both sides,<ref name="ei-12x2">{{cite journal |title=Hochleistungslokomotive 12X der AEG |language=de |pages=16–20 |date=July 1994 |journal=Eisenbahn Illustrierte}}</ref> and a new bogie concept with a short [[wheelbase]] of {{convert|2600|mm|in|1|abbr=on}}.<ref name="ei-gealaif">{{cite journal |title=GEALAIF. Ein neues Antriebskonzept für Höchstleistungen im Traktionsbereich |language=de |pages=21–25 |date=July 1994 |journal=Eisenbahn Illustrierte}}</ref> The locomotive also had a modular design, allowing the derivation of different versions for different operational needs,<ref name="gb12x"/> and thus it formed AEG's basis to compete for the new orders of Deutsche Bahn's business areas.<ref name="br101"/><ref name="Dreh145"/> Meanwhile, ABB developed its own design of a modular electric locomotive platform, the '''''Eco2000''''' concept.<ref name="br101"/> ABB's concept included a version of its Flexifloat high-speed bogie family with a wheelbase of {{convert|2650|mm|in|1|abbr=on}}; and [[Biodegradation|biodegradable]] [[ester]] cooled inverters with GTO thyristors and an also ester cooled main transformer,<ref name="ei-eco2000">{{cite journal |title=Eco2000: Systemlösung für alle Einsatzbereiche |language=de |pages=9–11 |date=November 1994 |journal=Eisenbahn Illustrierte}}</ref> which can be considered the origin of the inverters and transformer of the first generation of TRAXX locomotives.{{Synthesis inline|date=February 2011}}

The 12X was later used as testbed for new technologies, becoming the first locomotive in the world with [[Insulated-gate bipolar transistor|IGBT]] based converters in 1997<ref name="rgi-recon"/><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bombardier-transportation.ch/dateien/PPC%20Site%20Zurich.pdf |title=Zurich Competence Center High Power Propulsion |publisher=Bombardier Transportation |access-date=18 January 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110706223037/http://www.bombardier-transportation.ch/dateien/PPC%20Site%20Zurich.pdf |archive-date=6 July 2011  }}</ref> and testing the MITRAC traction control electronics from 1998.<ref name="rgi-recon">{{cite web |url=http://www.railwaygazette.com/nc/news/single-view/view/intelligence-94.html |title=INTELLIGENCE > Germany |date=June 1998 |publisher=Railway Gazette International |access-date=18 January 2011}}</ref> Both of these technologies would later find their commercial application in TRAXX locomotives.

===DBAG Class 145 family, Adtranz Octeon platform===
{{Main|DBAG Class 145 and 146}}
<!-- INCOMING LINK TO HERE FROM THE ADTRANZ ARTICLE, CONCERNING "OCTEON" LOCOMOTIVES -->
In November 1994, Deutsche Bahn chose ABB and AEG for two of its orders: ABB was to deliver 145 express locomotives for DB's long-distance business area [[DB Fernverkehr]], the [[DB Class 101]], while AEG was to supply DB's freight business area [[DB Schenker Rail|DB Cargo]] with eighty locomotives for medium-weight freight trains, the [[DBAG Class 145 and 146|DBAG Class 145]].<ref name="ei-101">{{cite journal |title=Baureihe 101. Aus der Lokfamilie von Adtranz |language=de |pages=15–18 |date=June–July 1996 |journal=Eisenbahn Illustrierte}}</ref>

The original Class 145 design was a cheaper derivative of the 12X, omitting components for higher speeds, including hollow-shaft drives, which were replaced by simpler axle hung drives.<ref name="bp-145"/> In January 1996, ABB and Daimler-Benz merged their railway business areas into a joint venture, [[ADtranz]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.abb.com/cawp/seabb361/b5c099a949c56efdc125684800362d0e.aspx |title=A brief history of ABB |publisher=ABB |access-date=10 January 2011}}</ref> The final design of the locomotive was adapted for more commonalities with the DBAG Class 101.<ref name="bp-145">{{cite journal |last=Wenzel |first=Berndt |title=BAUREIHE 145. Die neue Mehrzweck-Ellok für die DB AG |language=de |pages=55–60 |issue=4 |date=January–February 1998 |journal=BahnProfil |quote=Die beiden Adtranz-Elloks, die Baureihe 101 und die Baureihe 145, sind heute Teile der Lokomotivfamilie Eco2000 in zukunftssicherer Modulbauweise auf der Basis erprobter Baugruppen. Die Baureihe 145 ist eigentlich als Variante der fortschrittlicheren Baureihe 128 (12X) geplant worden, aber im Laufe ihrer Entwicklung auf Kundenwunsch immer mehr der Baureihe 101 angepaßt worden. Die Entwicklungschritte der 12X sind dabei dennoch berücksichtigt worden. ...Haupttransformator und Stromrichter in Esterkühlung sind konzeptionell von den Loks der Baureihe 101 übernommen und an die geringere Leistung angepasst.}}</ref> The biodegradable<ref name="ei-101"/> ester cooled inverters with GTO thyristors and the also ester cooled main transformer of the DBAG Class 145 was derived from those of the DBAG Class 101, but with less components for the lower maximum power, providing for individual bogie control rather than individual axle control.<ref name="bp-145"/> The bogie design was also adapted and merged into the ABB-originated Flexifloat family, with wheelbase increased to {{convert|2650|mm|in|1|abbr=on}}.<ref name="bp-145"/> Due to the shared features, the Class 145 was sometimes described as a member of the Eco2000 family.<ref name="bp-145"/>

Adtranz rolled out the first Class 145 in July 1997.<ref name="bp-145"/> In addition, 17 identical locomotives were built for lease to private railways. A further six locomotives were built for the Swiss railway MittelThurgauBahn.<ref name="db145">[http://www.railcolor.net/index.php?nav=1405014&lang=1 145 concept based locomotives] ''railcolor.net''</ref>

In March 1998, Adtranz announced its intent to consolidate its product range into seven modular product platforms.<ref name="Octeon">{{cite web |url=http://www.railwaygazette.com/nc/news/single-view/view/adtranz-unveils-modular-range.html |title=Adtranz unveils modular range |date=April 1998 |publisher=Railway Gazette International |access-date=9 January 2011 |archive-date=16 June 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110616125928/http://www.railwaygazette.com/nc/news/single-view/view/adtranz-unveils-modular-range.html |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.railwaygazette.com/nc/news/single-view/view/adtranz-launches-off-the-shelf-strategy.html |title=Adtranz launches off-the-shelf strategy |date=May 1998 |publisher=Railway Gazette International |access-date=9 January 2011}}</ref> The electric locomotive platform with the brand name ''"Octeon"'' was to be based on Adtranz's newest types for Germany (the Class 145 and Class 101).<ref name="Octeon"/> Adtranz originally intended to introduce ''Octeon'' types alongside existing products,<ref name="Octeon"/> and applied the name to its new products outside Germany at the end of the nineties, like the [[FS Class E464]]<ref name="E464OcCa">{{cite web|url=http://evolution.skf.com/zino.aspx?articleID=177&lan=en-gb |title=Optimised bearings for locomotive transmissions |date=15 May 2010 |work=Evolution |publisher=[[SKF]] |access-date=9 January 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110716081957/http://evolution.skf.com/zino.aspx?articleID=177&lan=en-gb |archive-date=16 July 2011 }}</ref> or the heavy-haul locomotive [[Iore]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.railwaygazette.com/nc/news/single-view/view/locos-ordered.html |title=Locos ordered |date=October 1998 |publisher=Railway Gazette International |access-date=9 January 2011}}</ref> The GTO thyristor based converters of these locomotives were from the water-cooled ''Camilla'' family,<ref name="E464OcCa"/> which was developed by ABB as successor for the oil-cooled converters in the [[SBB-CFF-FFS Re 460]].<ref>{{cite web |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050526011427/http://homepage.hispeed.ch/kipfer/Dokumente/Camilla/Camilla.html |archive-date=2005-05-26 |url=http://homepage.hispeed.ch/kipfer/Dokumente/Camilla/Camilla.html |title=Hochleistungsstromrichter für Schienenfahrzeuge |language=de |publisher=Kipfer Development |access-date=25 January 2011}}</ref> The ''Octeon'' brand name did not catch on and was abandoned when Bombardier acquired Adtranz in 2001.

Between 2000 and 2002, a version of the DBAG Class 145 for passenger trains, with hollow shaft final drive and a higher top speed of 160&nbsp;km/h, was produced for DB's regional business area [[DB Regio]].<ref name="g160">[http://www.bombardier.com/en/transportation/products-services/rail-vehicles/locomotives/traxx-ac/traxx-p160-ac---germany?docID=0901260d80012a20 TRAXX P160 AC - Germany] ''bombardier.com'' {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090307042830/http://www.bombardier.com/en/transportation/products-services/rail-vehicles/locomotives/traxx-ac/traxx-p160-ac---germany?docID=0901260d80012a20 |date=7 March 2009 }}</ref> The top of the front of the carbodies was modified to provide space for a [[flip-disc display]].<ref name="ek-kassel"/> These locomotives were given the designation ''DBAG Class 146.0''.

Although the production of the DBAG Class 145 ended by the time Bombardier bought Adtranz in 2001, and even the production of the Class 146.0 locomotives ended by the time the TRAXX brand name was introduced in 2003, in Bombardier's own publications, the Class 145 was included in the TRAXX F140&nbsp;AC,<ref>{{cite web |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20031215102203/http://www.bombardier.com/en/1_0/1_1/1_1_5_2_2.jsp |archive-date=15 December 2003 |url=http://www.bombardier.com/en/1_0/1_1/1_1_5_2_2.jsp |title=Electric Locomotive Class 145 - Germany - TRAXX F140 AC |publisher=Bombardier |access-date=9 January 2011}}</ref> the Class 146.0 in the TRAXX P160&nbsp;AC type.<ref name="c146">{{cite web |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20031215101112/http://www.bombardier.com/en/1_0/1_1/1_1_5_1_3.jsp |archive-date=15 December 2003 |url=http://www.bombardier.com/en/1_0/1_1/1_1_5_1_3.jsp |title=Electric Locomotive Class 146.1 - Germany - TRAXX P160 AC |publisher=Bombardier |access-date=9 January 2011}}</ref> The still in-production FS Class E464 got the designation TRAXX P160&nbsp;DCP,<ref>{{cite web |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20031215101632/http://www.bombardier.com/en/1_0/1_1/1_1_5_1_6.jsp |archive-date=15 December 2003 |url=http://www.bombardier.com/en/1_0/1_1/1_1_5_1_6.jsp |title=Electric Locomotive E464 - Italia - TRAXX P160 DCP |publisher=Bombardier |access-date=9 January 2011}}</ref> while TRAXX H80&nbsp;AC was applicable to the Iore class,<ref name="family-1"/> however, these then still in production types were excluded from the TRAXX family in publications after 2007.<ref>{{cite web |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080419095354/http://www.bombardier.com/en/1_0/1_1/1_1_5_1.jsp |archive-date=19 April 2008 |url=http://www.bombardier.com/en/1_0/1_1/1_1_5_1.jsp |title=Other Projects |publisher=Bombardier |access-date=9 January 2011}}</ref>

===DBAG Class 185 family, Bombardier TRAXX platform===

In July 1998, Adtranz received a follow-on order for 400 more locomotives for medium-weight freight trains, the '''''DBAG Class 185'''''.<ref name="185order">{{cite web |url=http://www.railwaygazette.com/nc/news/single-view/view/db-and-ns-merge-freight-businesses.html |title=DB and NS merge freight businesses |date=August 1998 |publisher=Railway Gazette International |access-date=9 January 2011}}</ref> The double voltage Class 185 was meant for international operation, and was also dubbed ''Europalok''.<ref name="185order"/> The basic concept of the running gear, the axle hung motors, the ester cooled inverters and transformer was maintained from the Class 145.<ref name="eib-185">{{cite web |url=http://www.eib-t.de/daten/185/185-2.htm |title=2. Grundkonzeption |language=de |work=Die Lokomotive der Baureihe 185 |publisher=EiB München (Railwaymen in operational service Munich)|access-date=10 January 2011}}</ref> In addition to the electronics for double voltage operation, modifications included the provision for the installation of the full variety of [[train protection system]]s in use in Europe, and the lowering of the roof by 105&nbsp;mm to fit the vehicle in the international [[International Union of Railways|UIC]] 505-1 loading gauge.<ref name="eib-185"/><ref name="ek-185">{{cite journal |title=Cargo-Lok für Europa. Die Baureihe 185 |language=de |pages=30–31 |date=September 2000 |journal=[[Eisenbahn Kurier]]}}</ref>

In 2001 Bombardier bought Adtranz, thus acquiring locomotive building technology. Under Bombardier, the Class 185 was developed into a family like that of the Class 145, with private railway and passenger ('''''DBAG Class 146.1''''') versions. In May 2003, Bombardier also received an order for a quadruple system version from the [[Swiss Federal Railways]] (SBB).<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.bombardier.com/en/transportation/media-centre/press-releases/details?docID=0901260d800181d9 |title=Bombardier Receives Launch Order For New Multi-System Locomotives From The Swiss Federal Railways |date=20 May 2003 |publisher=Bombardier |access-date=9 January 2011}}</ref>

In September 2003, Bombardier gave the Class 185 family a brand name, '''''TRAXX''''', intended to allude to the terms 'traction', 'track' and 'attraction'.<ref>{{cite web |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040109095410/http://www.bombardier.com/de/1_0/1_0_p/1_0_p_11.html |archive-date=9 January 2004 |url=http://www.bombardier.com/de/1_0/1_0_p/1_0_p_11.html |title=Bombardier TRAXX - Ab sofort hat Zugkraft einen Namen |language=de |date=5 September 2003 |publisher=Bombardier |access-date=9 January 2011}}</ref> The acronym stands for '''''T'''ransnational '''R'''ailway '''A'''pplications with e'''X'''treme fle'''X'''ibility''.<ref name="knorr"/> The first letter of TRAXX type designations provides for differentiation according to the area of application, with ''F'' for freight and ''P'' for passenger.<ref name="family-1">{{cite web |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20031206022814/http://www.bombardier.com/en/1_0/1_1/1_1_5.jsp |archive-date=6 December 2003 |url=http://www.bombardier.com/en/1_0/1_1/1_1_5.jsp |title=The New Name For Reliability. Bombardier TRAXX - the modular locomotive family |publisher=Bombardier |access-date=9 January 2011}}</ref> The original system also tentatively included ''H'' for heavy-haul and ''S'' for [[High-speed rail|high-speed]],<ref name="family-1"/> but no actual vehicles were delivered under this designation. The number following the first letter indicates the top speed of the locomotive in kilometers per hour.<ref name="family-1"/> The next two letters indicate the supply system, with ''AC'' for [[alternating current]] electric locomotives, ''DC'' for [[direct current]] electric locomotives, ''MS'' for multi-system locomotives capable of operating both under AC and DC overhead wires, and ''DE'' was foreseen from the start for an eventual [[Diesel-electric train|Diesel-electric]] version.<ref name="family-1"/> An extra ''P'' letter at the end was to designate powerheads (traction heads), that is locomotives with one driving cabin for push-pull operation.<ref name="family-1"/> An also optional number at the end designates different versions,<ref name="family-1"/> later used for the designation of generations.

In the new system, the factory designation of the DBAG Class 185 and its sisters with other railways became ''TRAXX F140&nbsp;AC'', that of the DBAG Class 146.1 ''TRAXX P160&nbsp;AC'', and that of the planned quadruple voltage SBB locomotive ''TRAXX F140&nbsp;MS''.

When Bombardier introduced the first TRAXX&nbsp;2 types, the original family was also designated '''''TRAXX&nbsp;1''''',<ref name="knorr"/> and the number ''1'' was added at the end of the type designation of first-generation locomotives still in delivery.

===TRAXX 2 and TRAXX 2E platforms===
In 2004, the basic TRAXX design was subjected to a major overhaul, with the carbody and the front redesigned to suit current [[crashworthiness]] standards, and the replacement of GTO thyristor based inverters with [[Insulated-gate bipolar transistor|IGBT]] based inverters.<ref name=rgi-evolution>{{cite web |url=http://www.railwaygazette.com/nc/news/single-view/view/traxx-loco-family-meets-european-needs/browse/2.html |title=Traxx locomotive family meets European needs |date=7 January 2008 |publisher=Railway Gazette International |access-date=9 January 2011 |archive-date=16 June 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110616132028/http://www.railwaygazette.com/nc/news/single-view/view/traxx-loco-family-meets-european-needs/browse/2.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> The option of individual axle control in place of individual bogie control was also introduced.<ref name="ek-kassel"/> The coolant of the inverters and the main transformer was also changed from ester to water.<ref name="ek-kassel">{{cite journal |title=Bombardier-Loks aus Kassel |language=de |pages=36–41 |date=October 2004 |journal=[[Eisenbahn Kurier]] |quote=Für die Stromrichter werden statt die bisher verwendeten GTO (Gate-Turn-Off-Thyristoren) mit Esterkühlung nunmehr modernste IGBT mit Wasserkühlung eingesetzt.}}</ref> The carbody design was completely standardised, by default providing a space for the mounting of a [[flip-disc display]] above the windshield, which is covered by a non-structural hood in freight versions.<ref name="ek-kassel"/> The bogie frame was strengthened, to allow an increase of [[axle load]]s to 22 tons.<ref name="ek-kassel"/> This generation of the family is also referred to as the '''''TRAXX&nbsp;2''''' platform,<ref name="knorr"/><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.railcolor.net/index.php?nav=1405015&lang=1 |title=Traxx 2 platform |publisher=railcolor.net |access-date=9 January 2011}}</ref> and is sometimes also indicated with a number ''2'' at the end of the type designations.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bombardier.com/en/transportation/products-services/rail-vehicles/locomotives/traxx-ac/traxx-f140-ac---germany?docID=0901260d800101ff |publisher=Bombardier |access-date=9 January 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110615225809/http://www.bombardier.com/en/transportation/products-services/rail-vehicles/locomotives/traxx-ac/traxx-f140-ac---germany?docID=0901260d800101ff |archive-date=15 June 2011  |title=Transportation > Products Services > Rail Vehicles > Locomotives > TRAXX AC > TRAXX F140 AC - Germany }}</ref>

The TRAXX carbody design and internal configuration was modified again in 2006 when the first actual Diesel-electric version was built, to provide the same layout for Diesel and electric versions.<ref name=rgi-evolution/> In the electric versions, the central location of the diesel engine was used for the AC transformer or the DC chokes. The weight of the component at the central location is supported on a horizontal mounting plate that fits onto the main frame using the same fixtures.<ref name="rgi-evolution"/> This generation of the family is also referred to as the '''''TRAXX&nbsp;2E''''' platform,<ref name="knorr"/> the type designations themselves didn't change.<ref name="rc-2e">{{cite web |url=http://www.railcolor.net/index.php?nav=1405016&lang=1 |title=Traxx 2E platform |publisher=railcolor.net |access-date=9 January 2011}}</ref> The TRAXX&nbsp;2E generation also included the first actual deliveries of the DC versions of the TRAXX platform.<ref name="rc-2e"/> The AC version of the TRAXX&nbsp;2 remained in production in parallel with the 2E versions of other types.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.railcolor.net/index.php?nav=1405135&lang=1 |title=locomotives for alternating currents voltage systems - AC  |publisher=railcolor.net |access-date=9 January 2011}}</ref>

===Traxx Africa===
[[File:South African Railways class 23E.jpg|thumb|Traxx Africa, [[Transnet Freight Rail|Transnet]] class 23E]]
{{See also|South African Class 23E}}
In March 2014 [[Transnet]] ordered 240 dual-voltage {{track gauge|1067mm|lk=on}} Traxx Africa locomotives, to be built in South Africa.<ref name=transnet>{{cite news |title=South Africa's 'largest ever' locomotive order awarded to four suppliers |url=http://www.railwaygazette.com/news/news/africa/single-view/view/south-africas-largest-ever-locomotive-order-awarded-to-four-suppliers.html |date=17 March 2014 |publisher=[[Railway Gazette International]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140317164824/https://www.railwaygazette.com/news/news/africa/single-view/view/south-africas-largest-ever-locomotive-order-awarded-to-four-suppliers.html |archive-date=17 March 2014 |url-status=dead}}</ref> The first locomotive was handed over to Transnet in December 2017, with revenue service planned to begin early in 2018.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.railwaygazette.com/news/traction-rolling-stock/single-view/view/traxx-africa-handed-over-in-durban.html |title=Traxx Africa handed over in Durban |publisher=Railway Gazette International |date=8 December 2017 |access-date=8 December 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171209100025/http://www.railwaygazette.com/news/traction-rolling-stock/single-view/view/traxx-africa-handed-over-in-durban.html |archive-date=9 December 2017 |url-status=dead}}</ref> {{As of|2020|December}}, Transnet is in possession of 56 Traxx Africa locomotives.<ref name="RV23E">{{cite web |url=https://www.railvolution.net/news/traxx-africa-fleet-completes-10-000-000-km-in-service |title=TRAXX Africa Fleet Completes 10,000,000 km In Service |language=English |date=6 December 2020 |work=Railvolution |access-date=29 January 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210127043909/https://www.railvolution.net/news/traxx-africa-fleet-completes-10-000-000-km-in-service |archive-date=27 January 2021 |url-status=live |quote=However, on 9 December 2020 Transnet stated that only 56 TRAXX Africa locomotives were delivered and accepted for regular service until now (see far below).}}</ref>

==Production==
All Traxx locomotives are assembled and tested at Alstom's (originally Bombardier) plant in [[Kassel]] Germany, except the DC only versions which are assembled at [[Vado Ligure]] and some Renfe Class 253, which have been assembled by [[Renfe]] in its shop in [[Villaverde (Madrid)]].

The individual components are sourced from a variety of sites:<ref name="doc">[http://www.bombardier.com/files/en/supporting_docs/TRAXX_MS_EMAS.pdf TRAXX 4 environment] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090707035846/http://www.bombardier.com/files/en/supporting_docs/TRAXX_MS_EMAS.pdf |date=7 July 2009 }} ''bombardier.com''</ref>
* Traction and auxiliary converters (inverters): Alstom, [[Mannheim]], [[Trapaga]] Spain<ref>[http://www.infrasite.net/news/news_article.php?ID_nieuwsberichten=6193&language=en Bombardier signs 549 million Dollar contract with RENFE] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110723155702/http://www.infrasite.net/news/news_article.php?ID_nieuwsberichten=6193&language=en |date=23 July 2011 }} 28 December 2006 ''www.infrasite.net''</ref>
* Bogies: Alstom, [[Siegen]]
* Driver desks: Alstom [[Hennigsdorf]], Alstom [[Kassel]]
* Locomotive bodies and frames: Alstom, [[Wrocław]] (Poland)<ref name="ek-kassel"/>
* Cooling components: [[Mahle Behr|Behr GmbH & Co]], [[Stuttgart]]
* Brakes: [[Knorr-Bremse|Knorr]], [[Munich]]<ref name="knorr"/>
* Transformer: [[ABB|ABB Sécheron]], [[Geneva]] (Switzerland)
* Climate control systems (heating, humidity, etc.): [[Liebherr]] in [[Korneuburg|Korneburg]] (Austria)

==TRAXX dual voltage AC versions==
{{Infobox locomotive
|name             = TRAXX F140 AC / P160 AC<br>TRAXX F140 AC2
|powertype        = Electric
|image            =DB 185 001-5.jpg
|imagesize        =250px
|caption          =TRAXX F140 AC, DB Class 185
|builder          =
|ordernumber      =
|serialnumber     =
|buildmodel       =
|builddate        =F140 AC / P160 AC : 1999-January 2006<ref name="r140"/><br>TRAXX F140 AC2 / P160 AC2 :
|totalproduction  =F140 AC1: 312<ref name="r140"/><br>P140 AC1: 20<ref name="r140"/><br>P160 AC1: 42<ref name="r140"/><br>''Total'': 377<ref name="r140"/><br>F140 AC2 : 300+<br>P160 AC2 : 68<br>'''''Grand Total'' : 745+'''
|rebuilder        =
|rebuilddate      =
|numberrebuilt    =
|aarwheels        =
|uicclass         =
|gauge            =
|trucks           =
|bogies           =
|wheeldiameter    =
|minimumcurve     =
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|length           =
|width            =
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|axleload         =
|weightondrivers  =
|locoweight       ={{convert|84|t|abbr=on}}<ref name="r140"/> ({{convert|82|t|abbr=on|disp=or}})<ref name="doc"/><ref name="mass" group="note"/>
|sandcap          =
|powersupply      =
|electricsystem   = [[15 kV AC|15 kV {{frac|16|2|3}} Hz AC]], [[25 kV/50 Hz AC]]<br>[[Overhead line|Catenary]]
|collectionmethod = [[Pantograph (rail)|Pantograph]]
|alternator       =
|generator        =
|tractionmotors   =
|transmission     =
|multipleworking  =
|maxspeed         =F140 AC / F 140 AC2 : {{convert|140|km/h|mph|abbr=on}}<br>P160 AC : {{convert|160|km/h|mph|abbr=on}}<ref name="r140"/><br>P140 AC (for [[Chemins de Fer Luxembourgeois|CFL]]) : {{convert|140|km/h|mph|abbr=on}}<ref name="p140lux"/>
|poweroutput      =
|tractiveeffort   ={{convert|300|kN|abbr=on}}<ref name="g140"/><ref name="s140">[http://www.bombardier.com/en/transportation/products-services/rail-vehicles/locomotives/traxx-ac/traxx-f140-ac---switzerland--sbb-?docID=0901260d80010289# TRAXX F140 AC - Switzerland (SBB) ] ''bombardier.com''  {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090307065230/http://www.bombardier.com/en/transportation/products-services/rail-vehicles/locomotives/traxx-ac/traxx-f140-ac---switzerland--sbb-?docID=0901260d80010289%23 |date=7 March 2009 }}</ref>
|factorofadhesion =
|trainheating     =
|locobrakes       =
|locobrakeforce   =
|trainbrakes      =
|safety           =
|operator         =
|operatorclass    =
|powerclass       ={{convert|5.6|MW|hp|abbr=on}}
|numinclass       =
|fleetnumbers     =
|officialname     =
|nicknames        =
|axleloadclass    =
|locale           =
|deliverydate     =
|firstrundate     =
|lastrundate      =
|retiredate       =
|withdrawndate    =
|preservedunits   =
|restoredate      =
|scrapdate        =
|currentowner     =
|disposition      =
}}

===TRAXX F140 AC===
<!-- TRAXX F140 AC redirects here -->
The '''TRAXX F140 AC''' operates on AC overhead lines. They can work under both the 15&nbsp;kV/16.7&nbsp;Hz and the 25&nbsp;kV/50&nbsp;Hz AC systems. As built they are configured for future [[ETCS]] / [[ERTMS]] train control and safety systems.<ref name="g140">[http://www.bombardier.com/en/transportation/products-services/rail-vehicles/locomotives/traxx-ac/traxx-f140-ac---germany?docID=0901260d800101b4# TRAXX AC F140 - Germany] ''bombardier.com''  {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081012213832/http://www.bombardier.com/en/transportation/products-services/rail-vehicles/locomotives/traxx-ac/traxx-f140-ac---germany?docID=0901260d800101b4 |date=12 October 2008 }}</ref>

The 200 units built between 2001 and 2003 for Deutsche Bahn were classified as ''DBAG Class 185'', or '''''DBAG Class 185.1''''' once production switched to the TRAXX F140&nbsp;AC2 design.<ref name="ek-1852">{{cite journal |title=Bombardier liefert erste 185² an Railion Deutschland |language=de |page=16 |date=March 2005 |journal=[[Eisenbahn Kurier]]}}</ref> A further 57 units were built for various European leasing companies, and were classified in Germany as ''Class 185.5''.

Another 35 units were produced for the freight business area of the Swiss Federal Railways, [[SBB Cargo]] ('''''SBB Re482'''''), and 20 units for Swiss private railway ''[[BLS AG]]'' ('''''BLS Re485'''''). The Swiss locomotives differ from the German versions in details such as pantographs (2 more, with smaller contacts for running under Swiss catenary (not because of tunnels)) and Switzerland specific safety systems in addition to the German systems.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bombardier.com/en/transportation/products-services/rail-vehicles/locomotives/traxx-ac/traxx-f140-ac---switzerland--sbb-?docID=0901260d80010289 |title=TRAXX F140 AC - Switzerland (SBB) |publisher=Bombardier |access-date=9 January 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100817000800/http://www.bombardier.com/en/transportation/products-services/rail-vehicles/locomotives/traxx-ac/traxx-f140-ac---switzerland--sbb-?docID=0901260d80010289 |archive-date=17 August 2010  }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bombardier.com/en/transportation/products-services/rail-vehicles/locomotives/traxx-ac/traxx-f140-ac---switzerland--bls-?docID=0901260d800102be |title=TRAXX F140 AC - Switzerland (BLS) |publisher=Bombardier |access-date=9 January 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100730035507/http://www.bombardier.com/en/transportation/products-services/rail-vehicles/locomotives/traxx-ac/traxx-f140-ac---switzerland--bls-?docID=0901260d800102be |archive-date=30 July 2010  }}</ref>

===TRAXX P140 AC===
{{Main|CFL Class 4000}}
In Luxembourg [[Chemins de Fer Luxembourgeois|CFL]] operates 20 locomotives.

===TRAXX P160 AC===
The '''TRAXX P160 AC''' is the passenger version of this class, with a correspondingly higher top speed of 160&nbsp;km/h. A lower unsprung mass was achieved by using hollow shaft final drives instead of the axle hung motor arrangement of the 140&nbsp;km/h maximum speed versions. The bogies and drive unit are the same as used in the [[DBAG Class 146]].0.<ref name="g160"/>

In Germany, [[DB Regio]] acquired 32 units between 2003 and 2005, where they are designated '''''DBAG Class 146.1'''''.

Additionally, (''[[Landesnahverkehrsgesellschaft Niedersachsen mbH]]'' (LVNG), (Hannover) ) has 10 units which are leased to the railway company [[metronom]] (operating as '''''ME146''''').<ref name="LNVG 146.1 series">[http://www.railcolor.net/index.php?nav=1405273&lang=1 LNVG 146.1 series] ''railcolor.net''</ref>

===TRAXX F140 AC2===
[[File:185 284-7 Königswinter, 2013.jpg|thumb|left|An F140 AC2 with a goods train near [[Königswinter]], 2013.]]
The first AC member of the TRAXX&nbsp;2 family, which featured carbodies with improved crashworthiness and water-cooled [[IGBT]]-based inverters, was the demonstrator loco '''''185 561''''', delivered in May 2004. It was produced ahead of the main tranche of TRAXX F140&nbsp;AC2 locomotives for [[homologation]] of the class in Germany.

Another demonstrator TRAXX F140&nbsp;AC2, '''''185 568''''' was used for tests on the then new [[HSL-Zuid]] in 2006. Subsequently, it was used for tests of the [[ETCS]] system.

Both demonstrator locomotives were eventually sold to private operators for normal use.

The remaining 200 of the 400 Class 185 freight locomotives ordered for [[DB Cargo]] were to be of this type, and the new versions were given the subclass designation '''''DBAG Class 185.2'''''. Since this large order represented the main body of production at Bombardier's [[Kassel]] plant, any further private orders for the AC locomotives would be included into the F140AC2 production line - thus the original F140&nbsp;AC type effectively ceased production when the production of DB Cargo's (by then renamed [[Railion]]) Class 185.2 began.

The locomotives operated by SBB Cargo are designated '''Re482.2'''.
{{clear|left}}

===TRAXX P160 AC2===
[[File:Ayalon valley railway viaduct.jpg|thumb|right|[[Israel Railways|Train]] with TRAXX P160 AC3 passes [[Ayalon Valley]], [[Israel]]]]
Alongside the F140&nbsp;AC2 locomotives, the passenger versions received the same improvements. DB Regio received 47 units between 2005 and 2006; as with the freight version the '.2' subclass was used to distinguish these new versions - the Deutsche Bahn locomotives being classified as '''Class 146.2''', following on from the Class 146. A number of smaller orders have been received, including more units for the [[metronom]] railway - procured via [[LNVG]]. [[DB Fernverkehr]], the German Railways branch which operates Intercity services, ordered 27 more Class 146.2 locos on 12 January 2011. The locos will start service in December 2013.<ref name=146fern>{{cite press release |title= Bombardier to Deliver TWINDEXX Double-deck Coaches and TRAXX Locomotives for Long-distance Routes to Deutsche Bahn AG|url= http://www.bombardier.de/en/transportation/media-centre/press-releases/details?docID=0901260d80153c70|publisher=Bombardier Transportation|date= 12 January 2011|access-date=16 January 2011}}</ref>

===TRAXX P160 AC3===
[[File:5D411418 Traxx P160 AC3 DB 147.5 JM 2024-05-01.jpg|thumb|TRAXX P160 AC3 pulling an [[Intercity (Deutsche Bahn)|IC2]] train, operated by [[DB Fernverkehr]] AG ([[Deutsche Bahn|DB]] AG Class 147.5)]]

In 2012, Bombardier presented the third generation TRAXX. Its exterior is different from previous generations.<ref>Christoph Schätzer, Philipp Hetzelt, Ludwig Still: ''Last Mile – die neue Funktion der TRAXX AC3-Lokomotiven'', Elektrische Bahnen eb 110 (2012), vol. 8-9</ref> [[DB Fernverkehr]] took delivery of its first TRAXX AC3 locomotives (Class 147.5) in 2018 in a batch of 17. According to a January 2020 IRJ article, DB Fernverkehr refused to take delivery of the second batch of TRAXX AC3 locomotives in 2019 due to software-related issues. The rail-transport company uses its TRAXX AC3 locomotives for its IC2 trains (as seen in the photograph on the right).<ref name="Fender 2020 h703">{{cite web | last=Fender | first=Keith | title=DB suspends delivery of IC2 trains from Bombardier | website=International Railway Journal | date=2020-01-31 | url=https://www.railjournal.com/fleet/db-suspends-ic2-delivery/ | access-date=2024-05-02}}</ref> Models operated by [[DB Regio]] are classed as DB Class 147. The TRAXX AC3 has an installed power of 5.6&nbsp;MW, and a top speed of 160&nbsp;km/h.<ref>DB Regio NordOst (ed.): ''[https://www.dbregio-berlin-brandenburg.de/db-regio-no/aktuelles/punkt3/Baureihe-147-die-Juengste-im-Fahrzeugpark-5875582 Baureihe 147 - die Jüngste im Fahrzeugpark]'', retrieved 2 May 2024</ref>

===Operators and leasing companies===
{{update|date=November 2013|cat=Rail transport articles in need of updating}}
As of 2010, production of the AC2 versions is still ongoing, with the DB Schenker order expected to be completed in late 2009. Along with German companies the AC locomotives have orders from Scandinavian countries and from Hungary – where the [[Hungarian State Railways|Hungarian State railways (MÁV)]] (''Magyar Államvasutak'') has placed an order for 25 (and optional 25) P160&nbsp;AC2 machines.

{|class="wikitable"
|-
!Type
!Operator
!Number
!Delivery date
!Class
!Notes
|-
|rowspan=8|TRAXX F140 AC<ref name="r140">[http://www.railcolor.net/index.php?nav=1404957&lang=1 Traxx 1 platform] ''railcolor.net''</ref>
|[[DB Cargo]] (then [[Railion]], inherited by [[DB Schenker]])
|200
|2001–2003
|185.1
|Part of an order of 400, the second batch of 200 were produced as TRAXX F140 AC2 (DBAG Class 185.2)<ref name="g1402">[http://www.bombardier.com/en/transportation/products-services/rail-vehicles/locomotives/traxx-ac/traxx-f140-ac---germany?docID=0901260d800101ff TRAXX F140 AC - Germany] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110615225809/http://www.bombardier.com/en/transportation/products-services/rail-vehicles/locomotives/traxx-ac/traxx-f140-ac---germany?docID=0901260d800101ff |date=15 June 2011 }} ''bombardier.com''</ref> Parts of the class are fitted for operations into Switzerland/Austria/France<ref name="db185">[http://www.railcolor.net/index.php?nav=1405288&lang=1 DB Schenker 185.1 series] ''railcolor.net''</ref>
|-
|[[SBB Cargo]]
|35
|2002–2003
|Re482
|
|-
|[[BLS AG]]
|20
|2002-2004<br>2006
|Re485
|10 ordered by ''[[BLS Lötschbergbahn AG]]'', after merger with ''[[Regionalverkehr Mittelland AG]]'' (RM) to form  ''[[BLS AG]]''; a further 10 locomotives
|-
|[[CB Rail]]
|3
|
|185.5
|Leasing company, formerly [[Porterbrook]] All leased to [[Veolia Cargo]] Deutschland<ref>[http://www.railcolor.net/index.php?nav=1405289&lang=1 CBRail 185.1 series] ''www.railcolor.net''</ref>
|-
|[[Alpha Trains]]
|34
|
|185.5
|Leasing company
|-
|[[Mitsui Rail Capital Europe|MRCE]]
|11
|
|185.5
|Leasing company Some equipped to operate in France
|-
|[[Rail4Chem]]
|8
|
|185.5
|
|-
|[[ITL Eisenbahngesellschaft]]
|1
|
|185.5
|
|-
|TRAXX P140 AC
|[[Chemins de Fer Luxembourgeois|CFL]]
|20
|
|[[CFL Class 4000|4000]]
|Units for passenger and freight work – top speed of 140&nbsp;km/h, also fitted with the necessary equipment for passenger trains.<ref name="p140lux">[http://www.railcolor.net/index.php?nav=1405294&lang=1 CFL 4000: introduction] ''railcolornet''</ref>
|-
|rowspan=2|TRAXX P160 AC
|[[DB Regio]]
|32
|2003–2005
|146.1
|
|-
|[[LNVG]]
|10
|
|ME146
|Leased to the railway company [[metronom]]<ref name="LNVG 146.1 series"/>
|-
|rowspan=10|TRAXX F140 AC2
|[[Railion]]<br>''since Sept. 2007''<br>[[DB Schenker]]<ref name="db185.2">[http://www.railcolor.net/index.php?nav=1405184&lang=1 DB Schenker 185.2 series] ''railcolor.net''</ref>
|199
|2004-
|185.2
|From 185-205 onwards following locomotives were delivered with DB logistics logos, from 185-360 onwards locomotives were delivered in DB Schenker livery<ref name="db185.2"/><br>185-321 to 185-337 fitted for work in Sweden via Denmark for subsidiary [[Railion Denmark]]<ref name="db185.2"/>
|-
|[[SBB Cargo]]<ref name="re482.2">[http://www.railcolor.net/index.php?nav=1405188&lang=1 SBB Cargo Re482.2 series] ''railcolor.net''</ref>
|15
|2006
|Re482.2
|For operations in Germany, Switzerland, and after September 2006, Austria. Order included second-hand former Bombardier demonstrator loco 185-561<ref name="re482.2"/>
|-
|MRCE
|11
|2005/6
|185.2
|For use in Germany, Austria and Switzerland
|-
|rowspan=2|[[Alpha Trains]]<ref name="at185.2">[http://www.railcolor.net/index.php?nav=1405190&lang=1 Angel Trains Cargo 185.2 series] ''railcolor.net''</ref>
|25+
|2006-
|185.2
|Leasing company, customers include [[Häfen und Güterverkehr Köln|HGK]]. Most for work in Germany–Austria, also Switzerland, Hungary.<ref name="at185.2"/>
|-
|10
|2009
|CE119 or El 19
|Leasing customer [[CargoNet]], locomotive go in Norway and Sweden.
|-
|[[CBRail]]
|16
|2007–2009
|241
|Leasing/finance company. Customers include HGK
|-
|[[HectorRail]]<ref name="hec158.2">[http://www.railcolor.net/index.php?nav=1405193&lang=1 HectorRail 241 series] ''railcolor.net''</ref>
|10
|2007–2009
|241
|For operations in Sweden, Denmark and Germany. Fleet includes former [[ETCS]] test machine 185-568. Units also leased. 241-004 named [[R2-D2]]<ref name="hec158.2"/>
|-
|[[ITL Eisenbahngesellschaft]]<ref name="itl2">[http://www.railcolor.net/index.php?nav=1405189&lang=1 ITL 185 562] ''railcolor.net''</ref>
|1
|2005
|185.5
|ITL 185–562, for use in Germany and Austria
|-
|[[Green Cargo]]
|22
|2010
|Re
|16 units for operation between central and northern Sweden, 6 for operation between Germany and Sweden through Denmark
|-
|''Others''<br>(Orders still ongoing as of 2009)
|17
|2007-
|
|[[hvle]] 2 units, Eurocom 2 units for Hungary as Class 481, [[Beacon Rail]] 12 units for leasing.
|-
|rowspan=5|TRAXX P160 AC2
|[[DB Regio]]<ref name="rcac2">[http://www.railcolor.net/index.php?nav=1405160&lang=1 Locomotives for alternating current voltage systems - AC2 ] ''railcolor.net''</ref>
|47
|2005–2006
|146.2
|
|-
|[[DB Fernverkehr]]
|27
|2013–2014
|146.2
|
|-
|[[MÁV]]
|25
|2011–2012
|480
|001-025
|-
|LNVG<ref name="rcac2"/>
|17
|2005–2007
|ME146/2
|Acquired by LVNG for [[metronom]] railway company in Germany
|-
|Connex Group|Connex<br>now [[Veolia Transport|Veolia]]<ref name="rcac2"/>
|4
|2006
|146.5
|Initially acquired for [[Nord-Ostsee-Bahn]], since transferred to [[Veolia Deutschland]] and used by [[Regionalbahn Bitterfeld-Berlin]] and others including freight work for [[Veolia Cargo]] Deutschland
|-
|rowspan=1|TRAXX P160 AC3
|[[Israel Railways]]
|62
|2017
|
|Ordered in 2015. [[25 kV AC railway electrification|25&nbsp;kV 50&nbsp;Hz AC]] operation. 6&nbsp;MW electric output. Initial delivery began in 2017.
|}

==TRAXX AC/DC versions==
{{Infobox locomotive
|name             = TRAXX F140 MS
|powertype        = Electric
|image            =
|imagesize        =250px
|caption          =
|builder          =
|ordernumber      =
|serialnumber     =
|buildmodel       =
|builddate        =F140 MS : 2004-present
|totalproduction  =220+
|rebuilder        =
|rebuilddate      =
|numberrebuilt    =
|aarwheels        =
|uicclass         =
|gauge            =
|trucks           =
|bogies           =
|wheeldiameter    =
|minimumcurve     =
|wheelbase        =
|length           =
|width            =
|height           =
|axleload         =
|weightondrivers  =
|locoweight       ={{convert|85|t|abbr=on}}<ref name="doc"/><ref name="bms"/><ref name="rcms"/><ref name="mass" group="note"/>
|sandcap          =
|powersupply      =
|electricsystem   = [[15 kV AC|15 kV/16.7 Hz]], [[25 kV AC railway electrification|25 kV/50 Hz AC]];<br>1.5 kV, 3 kV DC<ref name="bms"/><br>[[Overhead line|Catenary]]
|collectionmethod = [[Pantograph (rail)|Pantograph]]
|alternator       =
|generator        =
|tractionmotors   =
|transmission     =
|multipleworking  =
|maxspeed         =F140 MS : {{convert|140|km/h|mph|abbr=on}}
|poweroutput      =
|tractiveeffort   ={{convert|300|kN|abbr=on}}<ref name="bms"/>
|factorofadhesion =
|trainheating     =
|locobrakes       =
|locobrakeforce   =
|trainbrakes      =
|safety           =
|operator         =
|operatorclass    =
|powerclass       ={{convert|5.6|MW|hp|abbr=on}}<ref name="bms"/> <br>({{convert|4.0|MW|hp|abbr=on|disp=or}} on<br> 1.5&nbsp;kV supply)<ref name="rcms"/>
|numinclass       =
|fleetnumbers     =
|officialname     =
|nicknames        =
|axleloadclass    =
|locale           =
|deliverydate     =
|firstrundate     =
|lastrundate      =
|retiredate       =
|withdrawndate    =
|preservedunits   =
|restoredate      =
|scrapdate        =
|currentowner     =
|disposition      =
}}

===TRAXX F140 MS===
<!-- TRAXX F140 MS redirects here -->
[[File:Traxx loc with benelux train.jpg|thumb|left|[[National Railway Company of Belgium|NMBS]]/[[National Railway Company of Belgium|SNCB]] Class 28 multi-system TRAXX with [[InterCity]] [[Amsterdam Centraal station|Amsterdam]] - [[Brussels-Central railway station|Brussels]]]]
[[File:Spoorparade Amersfoort; loc E 186 014.JPG|thumb|left|[[Nederlandse Spoorwegen|NS]] E 186 014, in use as of 2014]]
[[File:386202_Regiojet.jpg|thumb|left|F140 MS2 as Czech class 386 with InterCity Prague - Bratislava private operator [[RegioJet]] in [[Bratislava hlavná stanica|final station]], 2019.]]
The first multi-system TRAXX unit that could operate under AC and DC electrified catenaries, '''''SBB Re484&nbsp;001''''', was introduced at the same time ''185&nbsp;561'' was introduced as demonstrator locomotive for the F140&nbsp;AC2 type. In addition to the 15&nbsp;kV/16.7&nbsp;Hz and 25&nbsp;kV/50&nbsp;Hz AC supplies, the new model could also be operated under 3&nbsp;kV DC overhead electrification.<ref name="ek-kassel"/> Later models also supported a 1.5&nbsp;kV DC supply. This locomotive for SBB was also the first TRAXX variant with individual axle control in place of individual bogie control.<ref name="ek-kassel"/> The general type name given by Bombardier was '''TRAXX F140 MS'''.<ref name="bms">[http://www.bombardier.com/en/transportation/products-services/rail-vehicles/locomotives/traxx-ms?docID=0901260d8001eafb TRAXX MS Multi-system Locomotives] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090205040625/http://www.bombardier.com/en/transportation/products-services/rail-vehicles/locomotives/traxx-ms?docID=0901260d8001eafb |date=5 February 2009 }} ''bombardier.com''</ref>

Apart from the different pantographs, electrical systems for DC operation, the F140&nbsp;MS types are identical to the contemporary dual voltage versions. However, under 1.5&nbsp;kV DC, the maximum available power is limited to 4.0&nbsp;MW, although this does not affect the maximum tractive effort, which is limited by other factors. As a consequence of the additional equipment required, the locomotives weigh approximately 1 tonne more than their dual voltage relatives.<ref name="mass" group="note">Sources vary on the mass of the locomotives, with the builders documentation also giving contradictory data. The relative masses are constant -with the diesel and DC versions being the lightest, the AC version weighing more, and the AD/DC version being the heaviest</ref>

The locomotives are designed for cross border operations; the addition of 1.5&nbsp;kV and 3&nbsp;kV DC operability potentially allows the locomotives to operate in Poland and Italy. In practice the delivered locomotives were used for work into Switzerland and Italy, and equipped with either the Italian safety system [[Sistema Controllo Marcia Treno|SCMT]] or [[ETCS]].

Post 2006 many more of these [[multi-system locomotive]]s were produced, this time with some for use in the [[Benelux]] countries, as well as France and Poland, with further units being produced for Swiss/Italian traffic. In Poland, locomotives used by [[PKP Cargo]] have been designated as the '''EU43''' class (this designation was originally meant for what is now known as the [[FS Class E.412]], which was initially intended for Poland but now mainly operated by Italy). Units hired from [[Alpha Trains]] cargo to [[SNCB]] (Belgium) have also received the class number '''[[SNCB Class 28 (Bombardier)|SNCB Class 28]]'''

In July 2018, Bombardier introduced the third generation of TRAXX multi-system locomotives, named the MS3, which in addition to carrying over compatibility with the four electrification systems introduced an onboard engine to enable travel over short distances of non-electrified track.<ref name="ms3">{{cite web | url=https://www.railwaygazette.com/news/traction-rolling-stock/single-view/view/traxx-ms3-locomotive-unveiled.html | title=Traxx MS3 locomotive unveiled | publisher=Railway Gazette International | date=5 July 2018 | access-date=16 September 2018}}</ref>
{|class="wikitable"
|-
!Type
!Operator
!Number
!Delivery date
!Class
!Notes
|-
|rowspan=2|TRAXX&nbsp;F140&nbsp;MS
|[[SBB Cargo]]<ref name="rcms">[http://www.railcolor.net/index.php?nav=1405162&lang=1 Multi System locomotives - MS] ''railcolor.net''</ref><ref>[http://www.bombardier.com/en/transportation/products-services/rail-vehicles/locomotives/traxx-ms/traxx-p140-ms---europe?docID=0901260d8001022d# TRAXX P140 MS - Europe]  {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081122121532/http://www.bombardier.com/en/transportation/products-services/rail-vehicles/locomotives/traxx-ms/traxx-p140-ms---europe?docID=0901260d8001022d |date=22 November 2008 }} ''bombardier.com''</ref>
|18+3
|2004/6
|Re484
|First order for the multi-system locomotives. Units fitted with Swiss and Italian safety systems only. Initial units fitted with Integra, ZUB262, and RS4 Codici safety systems, later all fitted with ETCS and SCMT safety systems.<ref>[http://www.railcolor.net/index.php?nav=1405165&lang=1 SBB Cargo Re 484: introduction] ''railcolor.net''</ref>
|-
|[[Mitsui Rail Capital Europe|MRCE]]
|5
|2006
|Re484
|Leasing company locomotives. Only homologated and fitted with safety systems for Italy and Switzerland. Numbered Re484.901 onwards.
|-
|rowspan=6|TRAXX F140 MS2<br>(post 2006 version)
|[[Alpha Trains]]<ref name="atc186">[http://www.railcolor.net/index.php?nav=1405128&lang=1 Angel Trains Cargo E186 series] ''railcolor.net''</ref>
|105
|2006-
|E 186<br><small>''also''</small> EU43 ([[Poland|PL]])<br><small>''and''</small> [[SNCB Class 28 (Bombardier)|SNCB Class 28]] ([[Belgium|BE]])
|Leasing company. Locomotives delivered and certified for a variety of operations - some for ([[Netherlands|NL]]/[[Germany|DE]]/[[Austria|AT]]/[[Switzerland|CH]]/[[Italy|IT]] or [[Germany|DE]]/[[Poland|PL]] or [[Germany|DE]]/[[Austria|AT]]/[[Netherlands|NL]]/[[Belgium|BE]]. Others certified for 160&nbsp;km/h operations on [[HSL-Zuid]].<ref name="atc186"/><br>6 on long-term lease to [[PKP Cargo]] (Poland) - designated as class '''EU43''' numbers EU43 001 to EU43 006.<ref name="atc186"/><ref>[http://www.pkp-cargo.pl/Pierwszy_rozkladowy_pociag_PKP_CARGO_obslugiwany_lokomotywa_TRAXX_wjechal_do_Niemiec,78,pr,28,j,1.html Pierwszy rozkładowy pociąg PKP CARGO obsługiwany lokomotywą TRAXX wjechał do Niemiec]{{dead link|date=December 2016 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} The first scheduled train using a PKP CARGO TRAXX locomotive has arrived in Germany ''pkp-cargo.pl''</ref><ref>[http://www.pkp-cargo.pl/TRAXX_EU43-001_przybyl_czyli_nowe_otwarcie_PKP_CARGO_S_A_,78,pr,24,j,1.html TRAXX EU43-001 przybył, czyli nowe otwarcie PKP CARGO S.A.]{{dead link|date=December 2016 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} Traxx EU43-001 has arrived, opening up new opportunities for PKP CARGO SA ''pkp-cargo.pl''</ref> Also as '''[[SNCB Class 28 (Bombardier)|SNCB Class 28]]''' in Belgium.
|-
|[[CBrail]]<ref>[http://www.railcolor.net/index.php?nav=1405129&lang=1 CBRail E186 series ] ''railcolor.net''</ref>
|35
|2007-
|E 186
|Leasing company. Version built for either operations via Germany to the Low countries, Poland, or Italy (trans-alpine)
|-
|[[EuroCargoRail]]
|20
|2008-
|E 186
|For work in France, also to Germany via Belgium
|-
|[[BLS Cargo]]
|10
|2008-
|Re484
|For transalpine routes via Italy/Austria/Switzerland/Germany
|-
|[[Nederlandse Spoorwegen]]
|45
|2015-
|[[NS Class 186|E 186]]
|For work in Netherlands (Intercity Service and [[HSL-Zuid]] (160&nbsp;km/h)) and Belgium
|-
|''others''
|30+
|2008/9+
|
|[[ITL Eisenbahngesellschaft]] 2 units, [[Veolia Transport|Veolia]] 6 units, [[Railpool]] more than 20 on order<ref>[https://archive.today/20120908091951/http://www.reuters.com/article/pressRelease/idUS140754+22-Sep-2008+MW20080922 Bombardier Transportation Wins Contracts From Railpool to Supply 58 BOMBARDIER TRAXX Locomotives] ''reuters.com''</ref>
|-
| rowspan="4" |TRAXX MS3
|TX Logistik
|40<ref name="ms3"/>
|
|
|Ordered in July 2018, with options for 25 more<ref name="ms3"/>
|-
|[[SNCF Logistics|Akiem]]
|10<ref name="ms3"/>
|
|
|Ordered in July 2018<ref name="ms3"/>
|-
|[[ČD Cargo]]
|10<ref name="cd ms3">{{cite web | url=https://www.railwaygazette.com/news/traction-rolling-stock/single-view/view/cd-cargo-orders-interoperable-locomotives.html | title=ČD Cargo orders interoperable locomotives | publisher=Railway Gazette International | date=9 August 2018 | access-date=16 September 2018}}</ref>
|
|Class 388<ref name="cd ms3"/>
|Ordered in August 2018, with options for 40 more<ref name="cd ms3"/>
|-
|[[RegioJet]]
|13<ref>{{Cite web |title=Alstom and RegioJet sign an agreement for the supply of another 13 Traxx MS3 locomotives |url=https://www.alstom.com/press-releases-news/2023/2/alstom-and-regiojet-sign-agreement-supply-another-13-traxx-ms3-locomotives |access-date=2023-02-15 |website=Alstom |language=en}}</ref>
|
|
|Ordered in February 2023, when delivered, RegioJet will become the largest operator of TRAXX MS3 locomotives.<ref>{{Cite web |title=RegioJet will become the largest operator of TRAXX MS3 locomotives {{!}} RAILTARGET |url=https://www.railtarget.cz/business/regiojet-will-become-the-largest-operator-of-traxx-ms3-locomotives-963.html |access-date=2023-02-15 |website=www.railtarget.cz |language=en}}</ref>
|}

==TRAXX DC versions==
{{Infobox locomotive
|name             = TRAXX F140 DC and <br />TRAXX F160 DC<ref name="bdc"/>
|powertype        = Electric
|image            = 253.053_Castellbisbal.jpg
|imagesize        = 250px
|caption          = Renfe 253.053 at [[Castellbisbal]] ([[Spain]])
|builder          =
|ordernumber      =
|serialnumber     =
|buildmodel       =
|builddate        =
|totalproduction  =
|rebuilder        =
|rebuilddate      =
|numberrebuilt    =
|aarwheels        =
|uicclass         =
|gauge            = {{track gauge|1435mm}}<br> {{track gauge|1668mm}} (Spain)
|trucks           =
|bogies           =
|wheeldiameter    =
|minimumcurve     =
|wheelbase        =
|length           =
|width            =
|height           =
|axleload         =
|weightondrivers  =
|locoweight       ={{convert|81|t|abbr=on}}<ref name="doc"/><ref name="mass" group="note"/>
|sandcap          =
|powersupply      =
|electricsystem   = 3 [[Volt|kV]] [[Direct current|DC]] [[Overhead line|Catenary]]
|collectionmethod = [[Pantograph (rail)|Pantograph]]
|alternator       =
|generator        =
|tractionmotors   =
|transmission     =
|multipleworking  =
|maxspeed         =
|poweroutput      ={{convert|5.6|MW|hp|abbr=on}}
|tractiveeffort   ={{convert|300|kN|abbr=on}}
|factorofadhesion =
|trainheating     =
|locobrakes       =
|locobrakeforce   =
|trainbrakes      =
|safety           =
|operator         =
|operatorclass    =
|powerclass       =
|numinclass       =
|fleetnumbers     =
|officialname     =
|nicknames        =
|axleloadclass    =
|locale           =
|deliverydate     =
|firstrundate     =
|lastrundate      =
|retiredate       =
|withdrawndate    =
|preservedunits   =
|restoredate      =
|scrapdate        =
|currentowner     =
|disposition      =
}}
Once Bombardier completed the first TRAXX F140&nbsp;MS, a single-voltage version for DC overhead wires could be produced cost effectively by leaving away the AC equipment of a multi-system locomotive, and Bombardier began seeking a launch customer in 2004.<ref name="ek-kassel"/> In 2005, [[Alpha Trains|Angel Trains]] (today Alpha Trains) placed an order for 10 DC electric locomotives with [[Bombardier Transportation|Bombardier]]. The first machine, designated '''''E483 001''''', was produced in August 2006 at Bombardier's plant in Kassel.

Later machines were built at Bombardier's plant in [[Vado Ligure]] in Italy, which has become the official site for production of DC versions of the TRAXX locomotives.<ref name="rcdcat">[http://www.railcolor.net/index.php?nav=1405156&lang=1 Angel Trains Cargo E483: Introduction] ''railcolor.net''</ref>

The weight of the TRAXX F140&nbsp;DC is slightly reduced compared to the AC machines which require a particularly heavy high-voltage transformer for use with the low 16.7&nbsp;Hz frequency of the 15&nbsp;kV AC system.
The machines are built to the same specifications as the rest of the TRAXX family, but only have equipment for 3 kV DC - making them suitable for internal work in Italy, Spain and Poland. If necessary the machines can be rebuilt for multi-system use.<ref name="rgi-evolution"/><ref name="rcdcat"/>

[[Renfe Mercancías]], the freight division of [[Renfe Operadora]] ordered 100 locomotives for freight use to be designated '''RENFE Class 253'''; these are the first TRAXX locomotives to be built to anything other than standard gauge.

Additionally [[Trenitalia]] has ordered 42 locomotives for freight use, which will be operated at up to 160&nbsp;km/h.

{|class="wikitable"
|-
!Type
!Operator
!Number
!Delivery date
!Class
!Notes
|-
|rowspan=2|TRAXX F140 DC
|[[Alpha Trains]]<ref name="rcdcat"/>
|10+10
|2006-7<br>2009
|E483
|Leasing company
|-
|''others''
|19
|2008-2012
|E 483 series
|Nordcargo (DB Schenker Rail) (5+3 units), Ferrovia Emilia Romagna (FER) (2 units), Sistemi Territoriali (2 units), GTS (3+2 units), APS Savona (2 units). All for Italian operations.<ref name="rcdc">[http://www.railcolor.net/index.php?nav=1405133&lang=1 locomotives for Direct Current voltage systems - DC ] ''railcolor.net''</ref>
|-
|rowspan=2|TRAXX F140 DC<br />''Iberian gauge''
|[[Renfe Operadora]]<ref name="ib">[http://www.railcolor.net/index.php?nav=1405157&lang=1 Renfe Mercancias S/253: Introduction ] ''railcolor.net''</ref>
|100
|2007–2010
|[[RENFE Class 253|Class 253]]
|55 machines to be built at Vado Ligure, the remaining 45 to be assembled from parts at [[Villaverde (Madrid)|Villaverde]] (nr. Madrid). These machines have headlights above cab window and roof mounted air-conditioning.<ref name="ib"/>
|-
|[[COMSA|COMSA Rail Transport]]
| 3
| 2009
|[[RENFE Class 253|Class 253]]
| In September 2009, these units were outshopped in Vado Ligure, Italy, and transported to Spain.
|-
|TRAXX F160 DC
|[[Trenitalia]] (Mercitalia)<ref name="bdc">[http://www.bombardier.com/en/transportation/products-services/rail-vehicles/locomotives/traxx-dc?docID=0901260d8001eade TRAXX DC electric locomotives] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090509043813/http://www.bombardier.com/en/transportation/products-services/rail-vehicles/locomotives/traxx-dc?docID=0901260d8001eade |date=9 May 2009 }} ''bombardier.com''</ref>
|42<ref name="bdc"/>
|2017
|E 483 series
|Freight locomotives with top speed of 160&nbsp;km/h.<ref name="bdc"/>
|-
|TRAXX P160 DC
|[[Koleje Mazowieckie]]
|11
|2011
|E 583
|For push&pull [[Bombardier Double-deck Coach]]es
|}

==TRAXX diesel versions==
{{Infobox locomotive
|name            = TRAXX F140 DE, TRAXX P160 DE
|powertype       = Diesel
|image           = 146 002.jpg
|imagesize       =250px
|caption         =[[metronom]] TRAXX P160 DE locomotive
|aarwheels       =
|uicclass        =
|builder         =
|buildmodel      =
|builddate       = 2006–present
|totalproduction = 21+
|gauge           =
|length          =
|poweroutput     = {{convert|2.2|MW|abbr=on}}<ref name="doc"/>
|tractiveeffort  = {{convert|270|kN|abbr=on}}<ref name="doc"/>
|tractionmotors  =
|safety          =
|locoweight      = {{convert|80|t|abbr=on}}<ref name="doc"/><ref name="mass" group="note"/>
|enginetype      = [[MTU Friedrichshafen|MTU]] 16V 4000 R41L
|fuelcap         = {{convert|4000|L|abbr=on}}<ref name="doc"/>
|trainbrakes     =
|maxspeed        = {{convert|140|or|160|or|200|km/h|mph|0|abbr=on}}<ref name="doc"/> (depending on configuration)
|locale          =
}}

The diesel version of the TRAXX platform was introduced with the 2E version of the TRAXX platform. In the diesel version, the fuel tank occupies the same space as the transformer in the electric versions, centrally and below the main frame members. Installed motor power is 2.2MW.<ref name="doc"/> The diesel and electric TRAXX locomotives share the same driver cabin and control desk, body, bogies, and drive system.<ref name="dedc">[http://www.unife.org/uploads/2008/presentations%20innotrans/rs/02_Bombardier.pdf The TRAXX Locomotive Platform] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110728144213/http://www.unife.org/uploads/2008/presentations%20innotrans/rs/02_Bombardier.pdf |date=28 July 2011 }} Bombardier publication via ''unife.org''</ref> The maximum tractive effort is slight reduced by 30&nbsp;kN to 270&nbsp;kN due to the lower power of the diesel engine.

The first order for the diesel passenger version (designated as Class '''246''', Bombardier's designation '''TRAXX P160 DE''') came from [[metronom]] via the leasing company [[LNVG]].  The company already used TRAXX electric locomotives and required locomotives for the non-electrified [[Lower Elbe Railway|Hamburg-Cuxhaven line]]. 11 locomotives were ordered in 2005, delivery would take place in 2007. The first three engines were built in 2006 for type certification, with one machine being presented officially at the [[InnoTrans]] 2006 railfair;<ref>[https://archive.today/20120710113736/http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m0BQQ/is_11_46/ai_n26709542 Bombardier unveils Traxx diesel]  International Railway Journal, Nov. 2006 ''findarticles.com''</ref> they were in service by late 2007.<ref name="demet">[http://www.railcolor.net/index.php?nav=1405158&lang=1 LNVG 246 series] ''railcolor.net''</ref>

Leasing company [[CBrail]] was the first to order the freight version (as Class '''285''', Bombardier's designation '''TRAXX F140 DE''') in 2006, the first locomotive was delivery in mid-2007, and had been certified for use by 2008.<ref name="decbr">[http://www.railcolor.net/index.php?nav=1405159&lang=1 CBRail 285 series] ''railcolor.net''</ref> On 5 December 2008, [[SNCF Fret]] placed an order for 45 '''TRAXX F140 DE''' locomotives, the order being valued at 160 million Euros.<ref name="desncf">[http://www.railwaygazette.com/news/single-view/view//sncf-places-traxx-order.html SNCF places Traxx order] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120822154657/http://www.railwaygazette.com/news/single-view/view/sncf-places-traxx-order.html |date=22 August 2012 }} 5 December 2008. ''[[Railway Gazette International]]''</ref> The class are to be designated as '''SNCF Class BB 476000'''.<ref name="rcsncf">[http://www.railcolor.net/index.php?nav=1405921&lang=1 SNCF Fret BB 76000: introduction] ''railcolor.net''</ref> The contract includes an option for a further 35 locomotives.<ref name="bomsncf">[http://www.bombardier.com/wps/portal/en/transportation/media-centre?docID=0901260d800684fc TRAXX Locomotive Contract for Bombardier] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110615230039/http://www.bombardier.com/wps/portal/en/transportation/media-centre?docID=0901260d800684fc |date=15 June 2011 }} ''bombardier.com''</ref>

In April 2011 [[DB Regio]] awarded Bombardier a framework agreement for up to 200 '''Traxx DE Multi-Engine''' locomotives worth a total of €600m; an initial 20 locomotives will be delivered from mid-2013 at a cost of €62m.<ref name="rgi20110418">{{cite web |url=http://www.railwaygazette.com/nc/news/single-view/view/db-regio-orders-multi-engine-traxx-diesel-locomotives.html |title=DB Regio orders multi-engine Traxx diesel locomotives |date=18 April 2011 |publisher=[[Railway Gazette International]] |access-date=27 April 2011}}</ref> These [[genset locomotive]]s will have four {{convert|540|kW|abbr=on}} diesel engines in place of one large engine, with the aim of reducing fuel consumption and exhaust emissions because the engines can be shut down when not needed.<ref name="rgi20110418" />

{|class="wikitable"
|-
!Type
!Operator
!Number
!Delivery date
!Class
!Notes
|-
|TRAXX P160 DE
|[[LNVG]]<ref name="demet"/>
|11
|2007
|246
|Acquired by LNVG for use by [[metronom]]
|-
|rowspan=2|TRAXX F140 DE
|[[CBrail]]<ref name="decbr"/>
|10
|2008
|285
|Leasing company, Operators include [[HVLE]], [[ITL Eisenbahngesellschaft]]
|-
|Akiem /[[SNCF]]<ref name="rcsncf"/>
|45
|
|SNCF BB 476000
|Order of 80, with last 35 as an option.
|-
|TRAXX DE ME
|[[DB Regio]]<ref name="rgi20110418" />
|23
|2013-
|245
|Options for total of 200
|-
|TRAXX DE ME
|DB Fernverkehr
|7
|2016
|245
|As above.
|}

==TRAXX dual-mode version==
On 10 May 2011, Bombardier announced a new TRAXX [[Electro-diesel locomotive|electro-diesel]] model, dubbed the "Last Mile Diesel", that combined a standard AC propulsion system with a diesel engine to power the locomotive in light-duty applications such as operating on non-electrified sidings or yards.<ref name="may2011"/> The design was based on Bombardier's experience with building the [[ALP-45DP]].<ref name="may2011"/> At the time the new model was introduced, a launch order for five units was announced by [[Railpool]], which had signed the order in late 2010.<ref name="may2011">{{cite web |url=http://www.railwaygazette.com/index.php?id=44&no_cache=1&tx_ttnews%5Btt_news%5D=13236&cHash=35be9588e6 |title=Bombardier launches Traxx electro-diesel |publisher=Railway Gazette International |date=10 May 2011 |access-date=11 May 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121002105236/http://www.railwaygazette.com/index.php?id=44&no_cache=1&tx_ttnews%5Btt_news%5D=13236&cHash=35be9588e6 |archive-date=2 October 2012 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

==See also==

A number of other locomotives built by Bombardier have been derived from or share some technical features with the TRAXX platform:
* [[DBAG Class 101]] - ABB-ordered, Adtranz-built express locomotive with electronics similar to that of early TRAXX locomotives except for individual axle control
* [[FS Class E412]] - DC locomotive built at Vado Ligure works, first-delivered member of the Eco2000 family<ref name="ei-eco2000"/>
* [[FS Class E464]] - single cabin Italian locomotive also built at Vado Ligure
* [[Iore]] - twin section heavy-haul twin locomotive with three axles per bogie and a 30&nbsp;t axle load
* [[AVE Class 102]] - Spanish manufacturer Talgo's Talgo350 high-speed trains for Spanish railways [[Renfe]], with powerheads made by a consortium led by Adtranz/Bombardier
* [[ALP-46]] - built for [[New Jersey Transit]], based on the DBAG Class 101
* [[ALP-46#ALP-46A Specifications|ALP-46A]] - also being built for NJ Transit, based on the ALP-46 and the TRAXX 2E
* [[ALP-45DP]] [[electro-diesel locomotive]] - also being built for Montreal's AMT and New York-area commuter hauler NJ Transit, based on the ALP-46A
* [[List of České dráhy locomotive classes]]

==Notes==
<references group="note"/>

==References==
{{Reflist|30em}}

==Sources==
* [http://www.bombardier.com/en/transportation Bombardier Transportation] ''bombardier.com''
* [http://www.railcolor.net/ Railcolor - modern locomotive Power!]  Website about post 1990s European mainline electric and diesel locomotives ''railcolor.net''

==External links==
{{Commons category|Bombardier Traxx}}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20180721125232/http://www.br146.de/ Drehstromloks.de - A comprehensive site about TRAXX and other Neubaulok series] ('''German''')
* [http://trainspo.com/family/2/gallery/ High quality gallery of TRAXX family @ Trainspo]

{{German diesel locomotives|nocat=true}}
{{German electric locomotives}}
{{SNCF locos}}
{{NSB stock}}
{{Swedish railway stock}}
{{Standard gauge locomotives of Switzerland}}
{{Renfe locomotives}}
{{FER rolling stock}}
{{ČD Locomotives}}
{{Polish railways locomotives}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2019}}

[[Category:TRAXX| ]]
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