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{{Short description|Gender inclusive fraternity at Dartmouth College}}
{{About|the local Dartmouth fraternity}}
{{distinguish|text=the local sorority which would evolve into [[Alpha Delta Theta (social)|Alpha Delta Theta, later merging with Phi Mu]]}}
{{Infobox Fraternity
| name = Alpha Theta
| letters = {{lang|grc|ΑΘ}}
| crest = Alpha Theta.PNG
| image_size = 160px
| birthplace = [[Dartmouth College]]
| affiliation = Independent
| founded = As Iota Sigma Upsilon – 1920<br />
Joined [[Theta Chi]] – 1921<br />
Became Alpha Theta – {{start date and age|1952}}
| status = Active
| type = Social fraternity
| scope = Local
| motto = 
| chapters = 1
| colors = {{Color box|red}} Red and {{Color box|white}} white
| symbol = 
| flower = 
| address = 33 N. Main Street
| city = [[Hanover, New Hampshire|Hanover]]
| state = [[New Hampshire]]
| ZIP code = 03755
| country = United States
| free_label = 
| free = 
| homepage = {{url|https://atheta.host.dartmouth.edu/}}
| pillars = Unity, Loyalty, Scholarship, Integrity, and Siblinghood
}}

'''Alpha Theta''' ('''{{lang|grc|ΑΘ}}''') is a [[Gender inclusive|gender-inclusive]] Greek house at [[Dartmouth College]] in Hanover, New Hampshire, United States. It was established as a local fraternity in 1920. It Alpha Theta is a non-profit corporation. 

==History==
=== Early years===
Seven students at Dartmouth College formed  a local fraternity named Iota Sigma Upsilon on March 3, 1920.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Bronner |first=Geoffrey |last2=Robinson |first2=Chris |title=House History |url=https://atheta.host.dartmouth.edu/history.html |access-date=2024-09-08 |website=Alpha Theta}}</ref> Its founders were:<ref name=":0" />
{{columns-list|colwidth=15em|  
* Robert L. Farwell
* James W. Frost
* Howard A. Hitchcock
* Robert L. Loeb 
* Robert J. Minor
* Burdette E. Weymouth
* Ralph K. Whitney
}}

Loeb was its first president.<ref name=":0" /> In 1921, the fraternity received a charter as the ''Alpha Theta chapter'' of [[Theta Chi]].<ref name=":0" /> [[John Sloan Dickey]], later president of the college, joined the fraternity in 1928 and was elected house president only two weeks later, while still a pledge.

===Breaking from Theta Chi===
[[Image:AO old house.PNG|right|thumb|Alpha Theta's original building]]
Alpha Theta was one of the first collegiate fraternities in the United States to break from its national organization over [[Civil rights movement|civil rights]] issues, and the first at the Greek-dominated Dartmouth College. In 1951, while Dickey served as president of the college, the student body passed a resolution calling on all fraternities to eliminate racial discrimination from their constitutions. The Theta Chi national organization's constitution contained a clause limiting membership in fraternity to "[[Caucasian race|Caucasian]]s" only. 

On April 24, 1952, the members of the Dartmouth chapter voted unanimously to stop recognizing the racial clause in Theta Chi's constitution.<ref name="NYTimes-19520426">{{cite news | url=https://www.nytimes.com/1952/04/26/archives/dartmouth-society-drops-bias-clause.html | journal=The New York Times | title=Dartmouth Society Drops Bias Clause | date=April 26, 1952}}</ref> Upon learning that the Dartmouth delegation to Theta Chi's national convention later that year planned to raise questions about the clause, the Alpha Theta chapter was derecognized by the national organization on July 25, 1952.<ref name="NYTimes-19580728">{{cite news | url=https://www.nytimes.com/1952/07/28/archives/charter-is-revoked-dartmouth-theta-chi-chapter-rejected-racial.html  | journal=The New York Times | title=Charter is Revoked: Dartmouth Theta Chi Chapter Rejected Racial Clause | date=July 28, 1952}}</ref> The house reincorporated as a local fraternity and adopted the name Alpha Theta.

===Coeducation===

Alpha Theta was one of the first all-male fraternities to admit female members. In 1972, Dartmouth admitted the first class of female students and officially became a coeducational institution.<ref name=":0" /> Alpha Theta also voted to become coeducational. After a few years, most of the women in the fraternity had become inactive and the house voted to become male-only again on November 10, 1976.<ref name=":0" /> The house returned to a coeducational membership policy in 1980.<ref name="bronner">Bronner, Geoffrey & Robinson, Chris (1999). [http://www.dartmouth.edu/~atheta/history.html "Alpha Theta History"]. Retrieved March 14, 2007.</ref>

==Symbols==
The fraternity's colors are red and white. Alpha Theta ideals or pillars are Unity, Loyalty, Scholarship, Integrity, and Siblinghood.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Values |url=https://atheta.host.dartmouth.edu/values.html |access-date=2024-09-08 |website=Alpha Theta}}</ref>

==Chapter house==
[[Image:Dartmouth College campus 2007-06-23 Alpha Theta 02.JPG|right|thumb|Alpha Theta chapter house, 2007]]
The current building and property, called Appalachia,  is owned by the Alpha Theta House Corporation, a New Hampshire nonprofit corporation.

The original physical plant used by Theta Chi fraternity was built by 1852 and was used as a candy shop by confectioner E. K. Smith. Of Smith's confectionery operation, only the building housing his candy factory to the north of Alpha Theta still survives (now the [[Native Americans at Dartmouth]] house). Subsequent owners used the candy shop as a dwelling and Theta Chi fraternity eventually bought it from J. V. Hazen in 1921.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.dartmo.com/buildings/tuvwxyzbldg.html |title=Dartmo.: Buildings T-Z, Street Nos |website=www.dartmo.com |access-date=13 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050206123352/http://www.dartmo.com/buildings/tuvwxyzbldg.html |archive-date=6 February 2005 |url-status=dead}}</ref>

After the tragic fire of 1934, membership suffered and it was decided to build a new chapter house.<ref name="NYTimes-19380107">{{cite news |date=January 7, 1938 |title=Theta Chi to Leave Dartmouth |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1938/01/07/archives/theta-chi-to-leave-dartmouth.html |journal=The New York Times}}</ref> The former house was demolished and the current building was constructed in 1940.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.dartmo.com/buildings/abbldg.html |title=Notes toward a Catalog of the Buildings and Landscapes of Dartmouth College |accessdate=February 21, 2008 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://archive.today/20130121073417/http://www.dartmo.com/buildings/abbldg.html |archivedate=January 21, 2013}}</ref> The only part of the original building that remains is part of the basement that leads to the back stair and contains the laundry room, called ''Appalachia''.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.dartmouth.edu/~atheta/history.html |title=Alpha Theta History |access-date=2008-09-04 |archive-date=2007-03-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070317053235/http://www.dartmouth.edu/~atheta/history.html |url-status=dead }}</ref>

Appalachia gets its name from its proximity to the [[Appalachian Trail]]. Hikers from the trail used to be able to stop in the house, an activity which is no longer possible. House tradition still has it that ghosts walk this part of Alpha Theta, and in 2007, a ghost-hunter attempted to gain access to this part of the house. Believing it would be disrespectful to the spirits, Alpha Theta refused access, though they did allow a student to take a look.<ref>{{Cite web |first=Dylan |last=Leavitt |date=October 26, 2007 |url=http://thedartmouth.com/2007/10/26/mirror/skeletons |title=Murders and grave robbers: The skeletons in Dartmouth's closet |work=The Dartmouth |access-date=November 4, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120528022451/http://thedartmouth.com/2007/10/26/mirror/skeletons |archive-date=May 28, 2012 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

In 2008, the Alpha Theta House Corporation did an extensive two-year renovation of the house to improve the safety features of the building and the quality of life for members.

==Notable members==
* [[John Sloan Dickey]] – class of 1929, president of [[Dartmouth College]] from 1945 to 1970
* [[Owen Chamberlain]] – class of 1941, [[Nobel Prize]] winners (Physics 1959), participated in the [[Manhattan Project]]
* [[Ira Michael Heyman]] – class of 1951, chancellor of [[University of California-Berkeley]], 1980–1990<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://dartmouthalumnimagazine.com/%E2%80%A9ira-michael-heyman-%E2%80%9951|title=Ira Michael Heyman '51|website=Dartmouth Alumni Magazine}}</ref>
* [[Mark Mitchell (Vermont politician)|Mark Mitchell]]  – class of 1956, [[architect]] and member of the [[Vermont House of Representatives]] from 2006 to 2011
* [[Cammy Myler|Cameron Myler]] – class of 1992, member of four US Olympic luge team, seven-time US national champion and winner of eleven World Cup medals.

==Scandals and misconduct==

=== Coal furnace accident ===

Nine brothers of Alpha Theta chapter of Theta Chi died in a tragic accident on the morning of Sunday, February 25, 1934, when the metal [[chimney]] of the building's old [[coal]] [[Metallurgical furnace|furnace]] blew out in the night and the residence filled with poisonous [[carbon monoxide]] gas.<ref name="NYTimes-19340226">{{cite news |date=February 26, 1934 |title=Nine Dartmouth Students Die in Fraternity House from Monoxide Poisoning |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1934/02/26/archives/9-dartmouth-students-die-in-fraternity-house-from-monoxide.html |journal=[[The New York Times]]}}</ref><ref name="TimeMagazine-19340305">{{cite news |date=March 5, 1934 |title=Education: Dartmouth's Saddest |url=http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,747133,00.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070317031802/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,747133,00.html |archive-date=March 17, 2007 |magazine=[[Time (magazine)|Time]]}}</ref>

The bodies were not discovered until the afternoon of the same day, when M. B. Little, a janitor, entered the chapter house and found the students dead in their beds. A pet [[collie]] was also found dead in one of the bedrooms. This is still the most fatal accident ever to occur at Dartmouth College.

At the time the chapter had 35–40 members (reports vary), and seventeen of them lived in the chapter house. Eight residents escaped death because they had left campus for the weekend. The deceased were: 
* William F. Fullerton '34
* Edward F. Moldenke '34 (president)
* William M. Smith Jr. '34
* Edward N. Wentworth Jr. '34
* Americo S. De Masi '35 (vice president)
* Harold D. Watson '35
* Wilmot H. Schooley '35
* John J. Griffin '36
* Alfred H. Moldenke '36 (Edward's younger brother)

Following the tragedy people asked if the members would move out of the house, but faculty advisor Professor William H. Woods said: "Of course they will move back, we have men with blood in them." The surviving members met at the Hanover Inn shortly after the disaster. John Trickey Jr. '33 T'34, past president of the chapter and a student at the [[Tuck School of Business]], was elected to replace Moldenke. The surviving members moved back into the house after the furnace that caused the accident was replaced. But membership did suffer after 1934, and eventually the chapter house was razed in 1940 and a new building, the current chapter house, opened in 1941.

=== Embezzlement ===

In February 2011, the Alpha Theta House Corporation filed suit against a former treasurer, Bruce McAllister, alleging that he stole hundreds of thousands of dollars from the fraternity.<ref name="TheD-20110418">{{cite news |date=April 18, 2011 |title=Alpha Theta sues former treasurer |url=http://thedartmouth.com/2011/04/18/news/alphatheta |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110420134808/http://thedartmouth.com/2011/04/18/news/alphatheta |archive-date=April 20, 2011 |access-date=November 3, 2011 |journal=[[The Dartmouth]]}}</ref> McAllister was also sued by the Meccawe Club, a private fishing club in Vermont, and became the target of a federal investigation later that year.<ref name="VermontStandard20110418">{{cite news |date=May 18, 2011 |title=Meccawe's Treasurer Hit With Lawsuits Over Funds |url=http://www.thevermontstandard.com/2011/05/meccawe’s-treasurer-hit-with-lawsuits-over-funds/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170103003215/http://www.thevermontstandard.com/2011/05/meccawe%e2%80%99s-treasurer-hit-with-lawsuits-over-funds/ |archive-date=January 3, 2017 |access-date=January 30, 2019 |journal=[[Vermont Standard]]}}</ref> In November 2011 McAllister, a former financial auditor at Dartmouth College, was indicted for wire fraud following an investigation by the [[United States Secret Service]].<ref name="USAOVT">{{cite news |date=November 9, 2011 |title=Bruce Mcallister Pleads Not Guilty to Not-For-Profit Embezzlement |url=https://www.justice.gov/usao/vt/press/releases/20111109_mcallister.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120114035503/http://www.justice.gov/usao/vt/press/releases/20111109_mcallister.html |archive-date=January 14, 2012 |access-date=January 17, 2012 |journal=United States Attorney's Office District of Vermont}}</ref><ref name="BFP2011102">{{cite news |date=November 2, 2011 |title=Ex-Dartmouth College auditor accused of misuse of groups' funds |url=http://www.burlingtonfreepress.com/article/20111102/NEWS07/111102035/Ex-Dartmouth-College-auditor-accused-misuse-groups-funds |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130119031018/http://www.burlingtonfreepress.com/article/20111102/NEWS07/111102035/Ex-Dartmouth-College-auditor-accused-misuse-groups-funds |archive-date=January 19, 2013 |access-date=November 3, 2011 |journal=[[The Burlington Free Press]]}}</ref> McAllister was sentenced on November 26, 2012, in United States District Court in Burlington, Vermont, to eighteen months of imprisonment following his guilty plea to wire fraud. U.S. District Judge [[William K. Sessions III]] also ordered that McAllister serve three years of supervised release after he completes his prison term and pay slightly more than $800,000 in restitution to Alpha Theta and the Meccawe Club. McAllister was ordered to surrender to the Bureau of Prisons on January 8, 2013, to begin serving his sentence. McAllister's sentence was reduced due to a medical condition, which included [[bladder cancer]], [[chronic obstructive pulmonary disease]], and kidney blockage. The court recommended that McAllister be confined at the Bureau of Prison's medical facility in Massachusetts.<ref name="BFP20121126">{{cite news |date=November 26, 2012 |title=Ex-Dartmouth College official gets 18 months in prison |url=http://www.burlingtonfreepress.com/article/20121126/NEWS07/311260022/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130118212341/http://www.burlingtonfreepress.com/article/20121126/NEWS07/311260022/ |archive-date=January 18, 2013 |access-date=November 28, 2012 |journal=The Burlington Free Press}}</ref>

==See also==
* [[Dartmouth College Greek organizations]]
* [[List of social fraternities]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* {{Official website|https://atheta.host.dartmouth.edu/}}
* [http://www.alpha-theta.org/ Alpha Theta House Corporation]

{{Dartmouth College}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Alpha Theta (Coeducational Fraternity)}}
[[Category:Dartmouth College fraternities and sororities]]
[[Category:Student societies in the United States]]
[[Category:1952 establishments in New Hampshire]]
[[Category:Student organizations established in 1952]]
[[Category:Fraternity and sorority houses]]
[[Category:Local fraternities and sororities]]
[[Category:Fraternities and sororities in the United States]]