View source for Allium monanthum

{{Short description|Species of flowering plant}}
{{Italic title}}
{{Speciesbox
| name =Korean wild chive
| image = Allium monanthum.jpg
| image_caption = Korean wild chive in [[Seosan]], Korea
| taxon = Allium monanthum
| parent = Allium subg. Microscordum
| authority = [[Carl Ivanovič Maximowicz|Maxim.]]
|synonyms=*''Allium biflorum'' <small>Nakai</small>
*''Allium monanthum'' var. ''floribundum'' <small>Z.J. Zhong & X.T. Huang</small>
|synonyms_ref=<ref>[http://www.theplantlist.org/tpl1.1/record/kew-296042 The Plant List]</ref>
}}

'''''Allium monanthum''''', the '''Korean wild chive''',<ref>{{Cite book|url=http://www.forest.go.kr/kna/special/download/English_Names_for_Korean_Native_Plants.pdf |title=English Names for Korean Native Plants |publisher=[[Korea National Arboretum]] |year=2015 |isbn=978-89-97450-98-5 |location=Pocheon |pages=347 |access-date=6 December 2016 |via=[[Korea Forest Service]] |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170525105020/http://www.forest.go.kr/kna/special/download/English_Names_for_Korean_Native_Plants.pdf |archivedate=25 May 2017 }}</ref> is a spring vegetable with minuscule bulbous roots that have a mild onion flavor and found in the woodlands of [[Korea]], [[Japan]], northeastern [[Russia]] ([[Primorye]]), and northeastern [[China]] ([[Hebei]], [[Heilongjiang]], [[Jilin]], [[Liaoning]]).<ref name="freetibet">[http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=2&taxon_id=200027503 Flora of China v 24 p 202. big>单花薤<br/>dan hua xie ''Allium monanthum'']</ref><ref>Ohwi, J. (1984). Flora of Japan (in English): 1-1067. Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C.</ref><ref>Kharkevich, S.S. (ed.) (1987). Plantae Vasculares Orientalis Extremi Sovietici 2: 1-448. Nauka, Leningrad.</ref><ref>Denisov, N. (2008). Addition to Vascular flora of the Kozlov island (Peter the Great Gulf, Japanese sea). Turczaninowia 11(4): 29-42.</ref><ref>Choi, H.J. & Oh, B.U. (2011). A partial revision of ''Allium'' (Amaryllidaceae) in Korea and north-eastern China. Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 167: 153-211. 
</ref>

== Description ==
''Allium monanthum'' is unusual in the genus in being usually [[dioecious]] (male and female flowers on separate plants), but rarely hermaphrodite or gynomonoecious.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Noda|first=Shozo|last2=Kawano|first2=Shoichi|date=1988-06-01|title=The Biology of Allium monanthum (Liliaceae) I. Polyploid Complex and Variations in Karyotype|journal=Plant Species Biology|language=en|volume=3|issue=1|pages=13–26|doi=10.1111/j.1442-1984.1988.tb00167.x|issn=1442-1984}}</ref> The species produces a single round bulb about {{convert|1|cm|in|frac=3|abbr=on}} in diameter. [[Scape (botany)|Scapes]] are relatively short for the genus, rarely more than {{convert|10|cm|in|0|abbr=on}} tall. Leaves are flat, long and narrow, longer than the scape. [[Umbel]]s are small, with one flower on pistillate (female) plants and 4-5 flowers on staminate (male) plants. All flowers are white, pink or red.<ref name="freetibet"/><ref>[http://www.botanicus.org/page/1884286 Maximowicz, Carl Johann. 1886.Bulletin de l'Academie Imperiale des Sciences de St-Petersbourg 31(1): 109.]</ref><ref>[http://www.tropicos.org/Image/17853 line drawing of ''Allium monanthum'', Flora of China Illustrations vol. 24, fig.234, 1-5.]</ref><ref>Zhong, Zhan-jiang, & Huang, Xiang-tong. 1997. Bulletin of Botanical Research. Harbin 17(1): 53.</ref>
<gallery>
File:Allium monanthum 4.jpg|Roots, bulbs, stalks, and leaves
</gallery>

==Culinary uses==
=== Korea ===
Called '''''dallae''''' ({{lang|ko|달래}}) in [[Korean language|Korean]], Korean wild chives are used in [[Korean cuisine|Korean herbal cooking]] alongside other ''[[san-namul]]'' (mountain vegetables) such as [[Codonopsis lanceolata|deodeok]], [[Aralia elata|angelica-tree]], [[Cirsium setidens|gondre]] and [[Allium ochotense|Siberian onion]]. Having a similar flavor profile to [[Allium × proliferum|Tree onion]], Korean wild chives can be eaten raw or blanched as a ''[[namul]]'' (seasoned herbal vegetable dish), pickled as a ''[[jangajji]]'', or pan-fried to make ''[[buchimgae]]'' (pancake). As a [[herb]], Korean wild chives make a good last minute addition to ''[[doenjang-jjigae]]'' (soybean paste stew) and other ''[[jjigae]]'' (stews). [[Soy sauce]] based [[dipping sauce|dip]]s are often flavored with Korean wild chives. In [[North Korea]], [[Korean radish|radish]] water kimchi flavored with Korean wild chives is a popular spring ''[[banchan]]'' (side dish).<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.dailynk.com/english/read.php?cataId=nk00100&num=13823|title=To overcome 'barley hump', necessity is the mother of invention [As Heard in North Korea]|last=Unification Media Group|date=25 March 2016|newspaper=[[Daily NK]]|access-date=18 December 2016}}</ref>

<gallery>
File:Dallaemuchim on samgyeopsal (Allium monanthum).jpg|''Dallae-[[muchim]]'' (seasoned wild chives) on ''[[samgyeopsal]]'' (grilled pork belly)
File:Dallae-bulgogi 2.jpg|''Dallae-[[bulgogi]]'' (bulgogi with wild chives)
File:Dallae-doenjang-guk.jpg|''Dallae-[[doenjang-guk]]'' (soybean paste soup with wild chives)
</gallery>

== See also ==
* [[Field garlic]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{PFAF|Allium monanthum}}

{{Allium}}
{{Taxonbar|from=Q846916}}

[[Category:Allium|monanthum]]
[[Category:Flora of Eastern Asia]]
[[Category:Flora of Manchuria]]
[[Category:Flora of South-Central China]]
[[Category:Flora of the Russian Far East]]
[[Category:Korean vegetables]]
[[Category:Namul]]
[[Category:Onions]]
[[Category:Plants described in 1886]]
[[Category:Dioecious plants]]