View source for All the Year Round

{{Short description|Magazine edited by Charles Dickens}}
{{EngvarB|date=August 2014}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2014}}
{{Infobox book  | <!-- See Wikipedia:WikiProject_Novels or Wikipedia:WikiProject_Books -->
|name         = All The Year Round
|title_orig   = All The Year Round, A Weekly Journal conducted by Charles Dickens
|image        = Alltheyearround 1891.jpg
|caption      = Cover of third series, January 1891 issue
|author       = Editor: [[Charles Dickens]]
|illustrator  =
|cover_artist =
|country      = England
|language     = English
|series       = Weekly: 1859–1895
|genre        = Magazine,<br>[[Social criticism]]
|publisher    = [[Chapman & Hall]]
|release_date = 1859
|media_type   = Print ([[Serial (literature)|Serial]])
|preceded_by  = [[Household Words]]
|followed_by  = [[Household Words]], new series
}}
'''''All the Year Round''''' was a  British weekly [[literary magazine]] founded and owned by [[Charles Dickens]], published between 1859 and 1895<!--95 NOT 93, SEE SOURCES BELOW--> throughout the United Kingdom. Edited by Dickens, it was the direct successor to his previous publication ''[[Household Words]]'', abandoned due to differences with his former publisher.

It hosted the serialisation of many prominent novels, including Dickens's own ''[[A Tale of Two Cities]]''. After Dickens's death in 1870, it was owned and edited by his eldest son [[Charles Dickens Jr.]], and a quarter-share was owned by the editor and journalist [[William Henry Wills (journalist)|William Henry Wills]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.oxforddnb.com/templates/article.jsp?articleid=29609&back=|title=Jane W. Stedman, 'Wills, William Henry (1810–1880)', Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Oxford University Press, 2004; online edn, May 2010|publisher=Oxforddnb.com|access-date=25 February 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite ODNB|url=http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/29609|title=William Wills|date=2004 |doi=10.1093/ref:odnb/29609 |access-date=25 February 2014 |last1=Stedman |first1=Jane W. }}</ref>

==History==
===1859–1870===
In 1859, [[Charles Dickens]] was the editor of his magazine ''[[Household Words]]'', published by [[Bradbury and Evans]]; their refusal to publish Dickens' defensive "personal statement" on his divorce in their other publication, [[Punch (magazine)|''Punch'']],<ref>[https://victorianweb.org/gender/varma.html Varma], 2009.</ref>  led Dickens to create a new weekly magazine that he would own and control entirely.<ref name="Allingham-HW.wrap">Allingham, "Household Words", op. cit., last section "Wrapping Up Household Words"</ref>

In 1859, Dickens founded ''All the Year Round'', taking [[William Henry Wills (journalist)|William Henry Wills]] with him from ''Household Words'' as part-owner and sub-editor. As with his previous magazine, the author searched for a title that could be derived from a Shakespearean quotation. He found it on 28 January 1859 (in ''[[Othello]]'', act one, scene three, lines 128–129), to be displayed before the title:<ref name="Forster-8.5">Forster, op. cit., book 8, part 5: " 'All the Year Round" and 'Uncommercial Traveller' (1859–61)"</ref>

{| style="margin:auto; text-align:center"
|-
|<blockquote><span style="font-family: Georgia;">

'The story of our lives, from year to year.' – Shakespeare.

ALL THE YEAR ROUND.

A weekly journal.

Conducted by Charles Dickens.

</span></blockquote>
|}

The new weekly magazine had its debut issue on Saturday 30 April 1859, featuring the first instalment of Dickens's ''[[A Tale of Two Cities]]''.<ref name="LOC">LOC, op. cit., says "Published/Created: London : Chapman and Hall, 1859–1895." and adds "Vol. 1, no. 1 (Apr. 30, 1859)-v. 20 (Nov. 28, 1868); n.s., v. 1 (Dec. 5, 1868)-v. 43 (Dec. 29, 1888); 3rd ser., v. 1 (Jan. 5, 1889)-v. 13 (Mar. 30, 1895)." as well as explicit mention of extra issues for spring 1894, summer 1894, and Christmas 1894. Plus "Notes: Editors: 1859 – June 1870, Charles Dickens; 25 June 1870–1895, Charles Dickens, Jr."</ref><ref name="Overell">Overell, op. cit.</ref> The launch was an immediate success.

{{cquote|So well has ''All the Year Round'' gone that it was yesterday able to repay me, with five per cent. interest, all the money I advanced for its establishment (paper, print etc. all paid, down to the last number), and yet to leave a good £500 balance at the banker's!<ref name="Forster-8.5"/>|20px|20px|Charles Dickens}}

One month after the launch, Dickens won a lawsuit in the [[Court of Chancery]] against his former publisher Bradbury and Evans, giving him back the trade name of his previous journal.<ref name="Allingham-HW.wrap"/> On Saturday 28 May 1859, five weeks after the launch of ''All the Year Round'', Dickens terminated ''Household Words'', publishing its last issue with a prospectus for his new journal and the announcement that, "After the appearance of the present concluding Number of ''Household Words'', this publication will merge into the new weekly publication, ''All the Year Round'', and the title, ''Household Words'', will form a part of the title-page of ''All the Year Round''."<ref>Dickens, ''Contributions to All The Year Round'', op. cit., chapter 1, "Announcement in 'Household Words' of the Approaching Publication of 'All the Year Round'" (28 May 1859).</ref> ''AYR''{{'}}s full title then acquired a fourth item: "''All the Year Round. A Weekly Journal. Conducted by Charles Dickens. With Which Is Incorporated Household Words.''"

''All the Year Round'' contained the same mixture of fiction and non-fiction as ''Household Words'' but with a greater emphasis on literary matters and less on journalism. Nearly 11 per cent of the non-fiction articles in ''All the Year Round'' dealt with some aspect of international affairs or cultures, discounting the [[American Civil War]], which Dickens instructed his staff to avoid unless they had specifically cleared a topic with him first. Old tales of crime (especially with a French or Italian setting), new developments in science (including the theories of [[Charles Darwin]]), lives and struggles of inventors, tales of exploration and adventure in distant parts, and examples of self-help among humble folk, are among the topics which found a ready welcome from Dickens.

After 1863, although Dickens continued to micromanage the editorial department, scrupulously revising copy, his own contributions fell off considerably, largely because he spent more and more time on the road with his public readings.

A few weeks before 28 November 1868, Dickens announced a new series for ''All the Year Round'': "I beg to announce to the readers of this Journal, that on the completion of the Twentieth Volume on the Twenty-eighth of November, in the present year, I shall commence an entirely New Series of ''All the Year Round''. The change is not only due to the convenience of the public (with which a set of such books, extending beyond twenty large volumes, would be quite incompatible), but is also resolved upon for the purpose of effecting some desirable improvements in respect of type, paper, and size of page, which could not otherwise be made."<ref>Dickens, ''Contributions to All The Year Round'', op. cit., chapter 12, "Address Which Appeared Shortly Previous to the Completion of the Twentieth Volume" (1868).</ref>

===1870–1895===
After hiring him as the subeditor of the magazine a year earlier,<ref>See sources Lieberman and Perdue at the "[[Charles Dickens, Jr.]]" article.</ref> Dickens bequeathed ''All the Year Round'' to his eldest son [[Charles Dickens, Jr.]] ("Charles Dickens the younger" in the testament) one week before his death in June 1870.<ref>
Forster, op. cit., [https://web.archive.org/web/20070312010622/http://lang.nagoya-u.ac.jp/~matsuoka/CD-Forster-13.html "13. Appendix: The Will of Charles Dickens"], codicil from 2 June 1870: "I, Charles Dickens [...] give to my son Charles Dickens the younger all my share and interest in the weekly journal called 'All the Year Round,' [...] In witness whereof I have hereunto set my hand the 2nd day of June in the year of our Lord 1870."</ref>
After Dickens's death, his son would own and edit the magazine from 25 June 1870 until the end of 1895 (or possibly just until 1888).<ref>
Sources consulted: scans of ''All the Year Round'' (1869, 1870, 1871, 1882, 1884) at [[Google Book Search]]. In the 1870–1871 magazines, the head of pages had the original "[Conducted by Charles Dickens.]" replaced with "[Conducted by Charles Dickens, Jun.]" (at least by 1882, it was back to just "[Conducted by Charles Dickens.]") Associated metadata say, "Editors: 1859 – June 1870, Charles Dickens; 25 June 1870–1895, Charles Dickens, Jr." Exact same textual data at LOC, Google is probably using the same source database as LOC.
</ref><ref name="Allingham-AYR.Jr1888">
Allingham, "All the Year Round", op. cit., quotes again "[Drew 12]" saying that AYR "continued under Charles Dickens Jr.'s editorship until 1888", but it's the very same quote claiming AYR stopped in 1893 instead of 1895, which weakens its credibility; both bits of information are also found at [http://www.charlesdickenspage.com/minor_works.html David Perdue's Charles Dickens Page.com], but probably derived from the same source. Ultimate confirmation or refutation would demand research in library collections, so as to find or not physical issues for 1894 and 1895, and to check the "conducted by" line of post-1888 issues. The LOC 3-series timeline indeed sets a series change at 1888, maybe Dickens Jr's involvement changed at that point.</ref>

In 1889, the magazine started a "Third series". It is unclear how much Dickens Jr. was involved with the new series,<ref name="Allingham-AYR.Jr1888"/> but a number of stories were contributed by [[Mary Dickens]].

In 1895, ''All the Year Round'' ended. It had its last issue on 30 March 1895<!--95,SIC-->, after three series.<ref name="LOC"/><ref name="Overell"/><ref>Allingham, "All the Year Round", op. cit., quotes his 1999 source "[Drew 12]" saying that AYR "ceased publication in 1893", but it seems to be an error or a typo. All book and library databases such as Worldcat.org list the series as "1859–1895". LOC and Overell concur.</ref>

==Series==

Each volume was 26 numbers long, half a year (thus Vol. 1 was Nos 1 to 26, Vol. 2 was Nos 27 to 52, Vol. 3 was Nos 53 to 78, but the annuals and seasonal extras counted for additional numbers.)
# "First Series": Vol. 1 (30 April 1859) to Vol. 20 (28 November 1868)
# "New Series"  : Vol. 1 (5 December 1868) to Vol. 43 (29 December 1888)
# "Third Series": Vol. 1 (5 January 1889) to Vol. 13 (30 March 1895)

==Collaborative works==
[[File:all the year round.jpg|thumb|Cover of the Christmas issue for 'Mrs. Lirriper's Lodgings']]
Dickens collaborated with other staff writers on a number of Christmas stories and plays for seasonal issues of the magazine, including:
*''[[The Haunted House (story)|The Haunted House]]'' in the Extra Christmas Number (13 December 1859) with [[Wilkie Collins]], [[Elizabeth Gaskell]], [[Adelaide Anne Procter]], [[George Augustus Henry Sala]], and [[Hesba Stretton]].
*''[[A Message from the Sea]]'' in the Extra Christmas Number (13 December 1860) with Wilkie Collins, [[Henry F. Chorley]], [[Charles Allston Collins]], [[Amelia Edwards]], and [[Harriet Parr]].
*''[[Tom Tiddler's Ground]]'' in the Extra Christmas Number (12 December 1861) with Wilkie Collins, John Harwood, Charles Collins, and Amelia Edwards.
*''Somebody's Luggage'' (1862).
*''Mrs. Lirriper's Lodgings'' in the Extra Christmas Number (12 December 1863) with Elizabeth Gaskell, [[Charles Lever]], Amelia Edwards, Charles Allston Collins, & Edmund H. Yates.
*''Mrs. Lirriper's Legacy'' in the Extra Christmas Number (1 December 1864)<ref>[http://repositories.tdl.org/ttu-ir/bitstream/handle/2346/46624/Christmas1864.pdf?sequence=1 Christmas 1864] repositories.tdl.org</ref> with Charles Allston Collins, [[Rosa Mulholland]], Henry Spicer, [[Amelia Edwards]], & [[Hesba Stretton]].
*''Doctor Marigold's Prescriptions'' in the Extra Christmas Number (12 December 1865). The most famous story in ''Doctor Marigold's Prescriptions'' is one of Dickens's own contributions, ''The Trial for Murder'' (aka ''To Be Taken with a Grain of Salt'').
*''[[Mugby Junction]]'' in the Extra Christmas Number (12 December 1866) which includes a masterpiece of short fiction, ''[[The Signal-Man]]'' (aka ''No. 1 Branch Line: The Signalman'').
*''[[No Thoroughfare]]'' in the Extra Christmas Number (12 December 1867) with Wilkie Collins.

==Contributors==
A number of prominent authors and novels were serialised in ''All the Year Round'', including:
* [[Charles Dickens]]
** ''[[A Tale of Two Cities]]'' (June 1859 to December 1859)<ref name="CHEAL">CHEAL, op. cit.</ref>
** ''[[Great Expectations]]'' (1 December 1860 to August 1861)<ref name="CHEAL"/>
** ''[[The Uncommercial Traveller]]'' (28 January 1860 to 13 October 1860, plus 1863–65 and 1868–69)
* [[Wilkie Collins]]
** ''[[The Woman in White (novel)|The Woman in White]]'' (29 November 1859 to 1860)
** ''[[No Name (novel)|No Name]]'' (15 March 1862 to 17 January 1863)
** ''[[The Moonstone]]'' (1868)
* [[Anthony Trollope]]
** ''[[The Duke's Children]]'' (1879 to 1880)
* [[Edward Bulwer-Lytton, 1st Baron Lytton|Edward Bulwer-Lytton]]
** ''A Strange Story'' (10 August 1861 to 8 March 1862) then anonymous
* [[Elizabeth Gaskell|Elizabeth Cleghorn Gaskell]]
* [[Charles Lever]]
* [[Charles Reade]]
** ''[[Hard Cash (novel)|Very Hard Cash]]'' (28 March to 26 December 1863)
* [[Frances Trollope]]

Other contributors included:
* [[Sheridan Le Fanu]] – 6 short stories in 1870 (later collected in ''Madam Crowl's Ghost'')
* [[Adelaide Anne Procter]] – poems (later collected in ''Legends and Lyrics'')
* [[Hesba Stretton]] – children's literature
* [[Walter Goodman (artist)|Walter Goodman]] – humorous sketches
* [[George Augustus Sala]] – travel sketches from [[Constantinople]], Rome and [[St Petersburg]]
* [[Sarah Doudney]] – poetry and fiction
* [[Mary Angela Dickens]] – fiction

Staff writers included:
* [[Henry Morley]] – informative though rather congested articles on historical, political, economic and literary topics, including the background to the [[American Civil War]]
* [[Charles Allston Collins]] (younger brother of Wilkie Collins and son-in-law to Dickens) – reportage and articles on art and architecture, marked by a distinctive vein of melancholy humour. He wrote as 'David Fudge' and 'Our Eye-Witness'
* [[Eliza Lynn Linton]]

:

Most articles were printed without naming their author; only the editor, "Conducted by Charles Dickens", was mentioned on the first page and the head of every other page. While a complete key to who wrote what and for how much in ''Household Words'' was compiled in 1973 by Anne Lohrli (using an analysis of the office account book maintained by Dickens's subeditor, [[William Henry Wills (journalist)|W. H. Wills]]), unfortunately the account book for ''All the Year Round'' has not survived. Ella Ann Oppenlander has attempted to provide something comparable in a 1984 book not easily procured, but only manages to identify less than a third of the contributors: ''Dickens' All the Year Round: Descriptive Index and Contributor List''. In July 2015 antiquarian bookseller and Dickens scholar Jeremy Parrott announced at a conference in Belgium that he had discovered Dickens's own annotated set of ''All the Year Round'', naming all the contributors. A full guide to the magazine is now in progress and should be published in 2018.

Noted anonymous articles include:
* 1861 – "The Morrill Tariff", 28 December 1861 (cited in the [[Morrill Tariff]] article)
* 1871 – "Vampyres and Ghouls"<ref>{{cite web|url=http://gaslight.mtroyal.ab.ca/gaslight/vmpghoul.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20030502002003/http://gaslight.mtroyal.ab.ca/gaslight/vmpghoul.htm|archive-date=2 May 2003|title=VAMPYRES AND GHOULS (1871) by anonymous|date=2 May 2003|access-date=25 February 2014}}</ref> (aka "Vampires and Ghouls"), 20 May 1871, pp.&nbsp;597–600 (later collected in: [[William Gilbert (author)|Gilbert, William]] (2005). ''The Last Lords of Gardonal''. Dead Letter Press)

==References==
; Sources consulted <!--ALPHABETICALLY-->
<!--2007.08: ARTICLE WAS ALMOST A SUMMARY OF THIS SOURCE-->
* {{cite web|author=Allingham, Philip V.|date= 30 November 2004 <!--FOOTER "Last modified 30 November 2004"-->|title=All the Year Round|work=The [[Victorian Web]]|url=http://www.victorianweb.org/periodicals/ayr.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070206223130/http://www.victorianweb.org/periodicals/ayr.html|archive-date=6 February 2007}}
* {{cite web|author=Allingham, Philip V.|date=11 July 2004 <!--FOOTER "Last modified 11 July 2004"-->|title=Household Words|work=The Victorian Web|url=http://www.victorianweb.org/periodicals/hw.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051127163340/http://www.victorianweb.org/periodicals/hw.html|archive-date=27 November 2005}}
* {{cite web|author=CHEAL|title= Dickens. Bibliography|volume=13. The Victorian Age, Part One|work=[[The Cambridge History of English and American Literature]] at [[Bartleby.com]]|url=http://www.bartleby.com/223/1000.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060113100221/http://www.bartleby.com/223/1000.html|archive-date=13 January 2006}}
* {{cite web|author=Dickens, Charles|date=1859–1868|title=''Contributions to ''All The Year Round'' by Charles Dickens''|url=http://ebooks.adelaide.edu.au/d/dickens/charles/d54ca/index.html|author-link=Charles Dickens|access-date=3 September 2017|archive-date=4 September 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170904013447/https://ebooks.adelaide.edu.au/d/dickens/charles/d54ca/index.html|url-status=dead}}
* {{cite web|author=Forster, John|date=1872–1874|title=''The Life of Charles Dickens''|work=Lang.Nagoya-U.ac.jp/~matsuoka|url=http://www.lang.nagoya-u.ac.jp/~matsuoka/CD-Forster.html|author-link=John Forster (biographer)|access-date=25 August 2007|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111026003050/http://www.lang.nagoya-u.ac.jp/~matsuoka/CD-Forster.html|archive-date=26 October 2011|url-status=dead}}
* {{cite web|author=[[Library of Congress|LOC]], US|date=2007 <!--online-->|title="Full Record" tab on "Basic Search" for LCCN: "sf 96091284"|work=Library of Congress Online Catalogs|url=http://catalog.loc.gov/}}
* {{cite web|author=Overell, Richard|date=18 December 2006 <!--ARCHIVE.ORG " * site was updated"-->|title=27. All the year round : a weekly journal. (London : Chapman & Hall, 1859–1895)|work=Catalog to: An Exhibition of material from the Monash University Library Collection|url=http://www.lib.monash.edu.au/exhibitions/magazines/xmagazinescat.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061218225202/http://www.lib.monash.edu.au/exhibitions/magazines/xmagazinescat.html|archive-date=18 December 2006}}
*{{cite web |last1=Varma |first1=Teja |title='No Escape to be Had, No Absolution to be Got': Divorce in the Lives and Novels of Charles Dickens and Caroline Norton |url=https://victorianweb.org/gender/varma.html |website=The Victorian Web |access-date=8 February 2023}}
; Endnotes

{{Reflist}}

==Further reading==
* {{Cite book|author=Oppenlander, Ella Ann (compiler)|orig-year=1978 thesis<!--WORLDCAT.ORG, OCLC 5371603: "Thesis, University of Texas at Austin"-->|year=1984|title=Dickens' All the Year Round: Descriptive Index and Contributor List|location=[[Troy, NY]]|publisher=Whitston<!--SIC,WhiTston--> Publishing Company|isbn=0-87875-252-8|url-access=registration|url=https://archive.org/details/dickensallyearro0000oppe}}

==External links==
{{Commons category}}
; Full text copies of ''All the Year Round'' issues
* [https://books.google.com/books?id=zkcJAAAAQAAJ&q=All+the+year+round Digital Collection] available through Google Books
* [https://books.google.com/books?id=HOIRAAAAYAAJ&q=All+the+year+round Digital Collection] available through Google Books
* [https://archive.org/stream/allyearround09dickgoog#page/n4/mode/2up Internet Archive]
* [https://archive.org/stream/allyearround11dickgoog#page/n10/mode/2up Internet Archive]
* [https://archive.org/stream/allyearround24dickgoog#page/n9/mode/2up Internet Archive]
* [https://archive.org/stream/allyearround18dickgoog#page/n10/mode/2up Internet Archive]
* [http://repositories.tdl.org/ttu-ir/handle/2346/45590/browse?type=title Digital Dickens Collection] available through Texas Tech University Libraries
* [http://www.djo.org.uk/ Dickens Journals Online], an online edition of Dickens's journals, ''[[Household Words]]'' and ''All the Year Round''.
; Facsimiles of ''All the Year Round'' pages
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20070929120833/http://www.victorianweb.org/periodicals/ayr1.html Opening page of the first issue], launching Dickens's novel ''A Tale of Two Cities''
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20070929124341/http://www.victorianweb.org/periodicals/ayr2.html Contents page for the 1859 annual]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20070926235740/http://www.victorianweb.org/periodicals/ayr3.html Opening page of the Christmas 1859 extra issue], with Dickens's short story "The Haunted House"

{{Charles Dickens}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:All the Year Round}}
[[Category:1859 establishments in the United Kingdom]]
[[Category:1895 disestablishments in the United Kingdom]]
[[Category:Chapman & Hall books]]
[[Category:Charles Dickens]]
[[Category:Defunct literary magazines published in the United Kingdom]]
[[Category:Magazines established in 1859]]
[[Category:Magazines disestablished in 1895]]
[[Category:Weekly magazines published in the United Kingdom]]