View source for Akashi Domain

{{short description|Japanese feudal domain located in Harima Province}}
{{Infobox former subdivision
|_noautocat             = no
|native_name            = 明石藩
|conventional_long_name = Akashi Domain
|common_name            = Akashi Domain
|subdivision            = [[Han system|Han]]
|status_text            = under Tokugawa shogunate Japan
|government_type        = Daimyō
<!-- General information -->
|capital                = Akashi Castle
|coordinates            = {{Coord|34|39|09|N|134|59|30|E|region:JP-28|display=inline}}
|political_subdiv       = <!-- Accepts wikilinks -->
|today                  = part of [[Hyogo Prefecture]]
<!-- Rise and fall, events, years and dates -->
<!-- Only fill in the start/end event entry if a specific article exists. Don't just say "abolition" or "declaration". -->
|year_start             = 1600
|year_end               = 1871
|event_start            =
|date_start             = 
|event_end              = <!-- Default: "Disestablished" -->
|date_end               = <!-- Optional: Date of disestablishment -->
|event1                 = Ogasawara clan
|date_event1            = 1617
|event2                 = Toda-Matsudaira clan
|date_event2            = 1633
|event3                 = Okubo clan
|date_event3            =1639
|event4                 = Fujii-Matsudaira clan
|date_event4            =1649
|event5                 = Honda clan
|date_event5            =1679
|event6                 = Echizen-Matsidaira clan
|date_event6            =1682
|life_span              = 
|era                    = Edo period
|event_pre              = <!-- Optional: A crucial event that took place before before "event_start" -->
|date_pre               = 
|event_post             = <!-- Optional: A crucial event that took place before after "event_end" -->
|date_post              = 
<!-- Images -->
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|symbol_type            = 
|symbol                 = <!-- Link target under symbol image. Default: Coat of arms of {{{common_name}}} -->
|image_map              = 
|image_map_caption      = 
<!-- Area and population of a given year (up to 5) -->
|stat_year1             = <!-- year of the statistic, specify either area, population or both, numbered 1–5 -->
|stat_area1             = <!-- area in square kilometres (w/o commas or spaces), area in square miles is calculated -->
|stat_pop1              = <!-- population (w/o commas or spaces), population density is calculated if area is also given -->
|footnotes              = <!-- Accepts wikilinks -->
}}
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{{Location map|Japan Hyogo Prefecture#Japan 
|width      = 
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|border     = 
|caption    = Location of Akashi Castle
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[[File:Akashi Castle Hitsujisaru Yagura 2015.6.JPG|right|250px|thumb| Akashi Castle]]
[[File:Matsudaira Yoshinori.jpg|right|250px|thumb|Matsudaira Yoshinori]]
{{nihongo|'''Akashi Domain'''|明石藩|Akashi-han}} was a [[Han (Japan)|feudal domain]] under the [[Tokugawa shogunate]] of [[Edo period]] Japan, located in [[Harima Province]] in what is now the southern portion of modern-day [[Hyōgo Prefecture]]. It was centered around [[Akashi Castle]], which is located in what is now the city of [[Akashi, Hyōgo]].<ref name="Nakayama">{{cite book |last1=Nakayama |first1=Yoshiaki |title=江戸三百藩大全 全藩藩主変遷表付 |date=2015 |publisher=Kosaido Publishing |isbn= 978-4331802946}}{{in lang|ja}}</ref><ref name="Nigi">{{cite book |last1=Nigi |first1=Kenichi |title=藩と城下町の事典―国別 |date=2004 |publisher=Tokyodo Printing |isbn=978-4490106510}}</ref><ref name="Papinot">{{cite book | last = Papinot | first = E| year = 1910| title = Historical and Geographic Dictionary of Japan | publisher = Tuttle (reprint) 1972 }}</ref>

==History==
At the start of the [[Edo period]], the area around Akashi was part of the vast holdings of the [[Ikeda clan]] of [[Himeji Domain]]. In 1617, [[Ikeda Mitsumasa]] was transferred to [[Tottori Domain]] and his former estates were divided. [[Ogasawara Tadazane]], the son-in-law of [[Matsudaira Nobuyasu]] received a 100,000 ''[[koku]]'' portion, which formed Akashi Domain, and he was ordered to construct a castle. Akashi Castle was located on a strategic location controlling the [[San'yōdō]] highway, which connected the [[Kinai region]] with western Japan and was also the main route north to [[Tanba Province|Tanba]] and [[Tango Province]]s. It was also located very near the coast of the [[Seto Inland Sea]],  overlooking the narrows to the island of [[Awaji island]]. Considered by the [[Tokugawa shogunate]] to be a backup to [[Himeji Castle]], Akashi Castle was the final line to defend [[Kansai region]] against any attack from the west.<ref name="Shiseki">{{cite book |last1=Isomura |first1=Yukio |last2=Sakai |first2=Hideya |title=(国指定史跡事典) National Historic Site Encyclopedia |date=2012 |publisher=学生社 |isbn=978-4311750403}}{{in lang|ja}}</ref>

The [[Ogasawara clan]] were transferred to [[Kokura Domain]] in 1632, and due to the strategic nature of the domain, it was reassigned only to trusted cadet branches of ''[[fudai daimyō]]'' clans: the Toda-Matsudaira, [[Okubo clan]], Fujii-Matsudaira clan and the [[Honda clan]]. After Honda Masatoshi was demoted for poor governance in 1682, the domain was entrusted to a ''[[Shinpan (daimyo)|Shinpan]]'' clan: the Echizen-Matsudaira, formerly of [[Ono Domain]], which retained it to the [[Meiji restoration]]. The 8th ''daimyō'', Matsudaira Narikoto, was an adopted heir and was born the 25th son of [[Shogun]] [[Tokugawa Ienari]].  As an indication of his status, the domain was increased in ''[[kokudaka]]'' from 60,000 to 80,000 ''koku'' and was given administrative control over an additional 20,000 ''koku'' of ''tenryō'' lands. However, this was not enough to offset the vast outlay of funds which the domain had been forced to pay the shogunate for the "privilege" of having the son of a Shogun as heir, and the domain faced financial difficulties. In the [[Bakumatsu period]], the domain was ordered by the shogunate to construct twelve artillery batteries for coastal defense, and also to provide troops to man the defenses of [[Edo]] at [[Shinagawa]] and along the coast of [[Sagami Province]]. The domain also provided troops for the [[First Chōshū expedition]] in 1864 and [[Second Chōshū expedition]] in 1866. However at the start of the [[Boshin War]], as Matsudaira Yoshinori was leading his armies in support of Tokugawa forces at the [[Battle of Toba-Fushimi]], he received word that the Shogun [[Tokugawa Yoshinobu]] had abandoned his army and had fled Osaka by ship back to Edo. He decided to return to Akashi without combat and soon after defected to the [[Meiji government]]. His forces were ordered to fight in the Boshin War as part of the rear guard against Himeji Domain and in [[Echigo Province]].

In 1871, with the [[abolition of the han system]], Akashi Domain became Akashi Prefecture, and was incorporated into Hyōgo prefecture via Himeji Prefecture and Shikama Prefecture. The Echizen Matsudaira family became a [[viscount]] in the ''[[kazoku]]'' peerage system in 1884.

==Holdings at the end of the Edo period==
Unlike most domains in the [[han system]], which consisted of several discontinuous territories calculated to provide the assigned ''[[kokudaka]]'', based on periodic [[cadastral]] surveys and projected agricultural yields, Akashi Domain was a single unified holding.<ref>[[Jeffrey Mass|Mass, Jeffrey P.]] and William B. Hauser. (1987). [https://books.google.com/books?id=Hv99D510nHcC&pg=PA150&dq= ''The Bakufu in Japanese History,'' p. 150].</ref><ref>Elison, George and Bardwell L. Smith (1987). [https://books.google.com/books?id=T2_5_W7UFXwC&pg=PA18&dq= ''Warlords, Artists, & Commoners: Japan in the Sixteenth Century,'' p. 18].</ref>

*[[Harima Province]] 
**144 villages in Akashi District (entire district)
**70 villages in Mino District

== List of daimyō ==

{| class=wikitable
! #||Name || Tenure || Courtesy title || Court Rank || ''[[kokudaka]]'' 
|-
|colspan=6| [[File:Mon ogasawara.svg|25px]] '''[[Ogasawara clan]],''' 1617-1632 (''[[Fudai]]'')
|-
||1||{{nihongo|[[Ogasawara Tadazane]]|小笠原忠真}}||1617 - 1632||''Sakon-no-shogen'' (左近将監); ''Jijū'' (侍従)|| Junior 4th Rank, Lower Grade (従四位下)||100,000 ''koku''
|-
|colspan=6| [[File:Mon Toda sechs Sterne.svg|25px]] '''[[Matsudaira clan|Toda-Matsudaira clan]],''' 1633-1639 (''[[Fudai]]'')
|-
||2||{{nihongo|[[Matsudaira Yasunao]]|松平庸直}}||1633 - 1634||''Tanba-no-kami'' (丹波守)|| Junior 5th Rank, Lower Grade (従五位下)||70,000 ''koku''
|-
||3||{{nihongo|[[Matsudaira Mitsushige]]|松平光重}}||1634 - 1639||''Tanba-no-kami'' (丹波守)|| Junior 5th Rank, Lower Grade (従五位下)||70,000 ''koku''
|-
|colspan=6| [[File:Okubo mon.jpg|25px]] '''[[Okubo clan]],''' 1639-1649 (''[[Fudai]]'')
|-
||1||{{nihongo|[[Okubo Tadamoto]]|大久保忠職}}||1639 - 1649||''Kaga-no-kami'' (加賀守)|| Junior 4th Rank, Lower Grade (従四位下)||70,000 ''koku''
|-
|colspan=6| [[File:Japanese Crest Maru ni Katabami.svg|25px]] '''[[Matsudaira clan|Fujii-Matsudaira clan]],''' 1649-1679 (''[[Fudai]]'')
|-
||1||{{nihongo|[[Matsudaira Tadakuni]]| 松平忠国}}||1649 - 1659||''Yamashiro-no-kami'' (山城守)|| Junior 5th Rank, Lower Grade (従五位下)||70,000 ''koku''
|-
||2||{{nihongo|[[Matsudaira Nobuyuki]]| 松平信之}}||1659 - 1679||''Hyuga-no-kami'' (日向守)|| Junior 5th Rank, Lower Grade (従五位下)|| 65,000 ''koku''
|-
|colspan=6| [[File:Japanese Crest Hon moji.svg|25px]] '''[[Honda clan]],''' 1679-1682 (''[[Fudai]]'')
|-
||1||{{nihongo|[[Honda Masatoshi]]| 本多政利}}||1679 - 1682||''Izumo-no-kami'' (出雲守)|| Junior 5th Rank, Lower Grade (従五位下)||60,000 ''koku''
|-
|colspan=6| [[File:Japanese Crest mitu Tomoe Old design.svg|25px]] '''[[Matsudaira clan|Echizen-Matsudaira clan]],''' 1682-1871 (''[[Shinpan (daimyo)|Shinpan]]'')
|-
||1||{{nihongo|[[Matsudaira Naoakira]]|松平直明}}||1682 - 1701||''Wakasa-no-kami'' (若狭守); ''Ichi-no-tsukasa'' (市司)|| Junior 4th Rank, Lower Grade (従四位下)||60,000 ''koku''
|-
||2||{{nihongo|[[Matsudaira Naotsune]]| 松平直常}}||1701 - 1743||''Sahyoe-no-kami'' (左兵衛督);  ''Jijū'' (侍従); ''Tajima-no-kami'' (但馬守)||  Junior 4th Rank, Lower Grade (従四位下)||60,000 ''koku''
|-
||3||{{nihongo|[[Matsudaira Naosumi]]| 松平直純}}||1743 - 1764||''Sahyoe-no-kami'' (左兵衛督)||  Junior 4th Rank, Lower Grade (従四位下)||60,000 ''koku''
|-
|4||{{nihongo|[[Matsudaira Naohiro]]|松平直泰}}||1764 - 1784||''Sahyoe-no-kami'' (左兵衛督); ''Wakasa-no-kami'' (若狭守)|| Junior 4th Rank, Lower Grade (従四位下)||60,000 ''koku''
|-
||5||{{nihongo|[[Matsudaira Naoyuki (Akashi)|Matsudaira Naoyuki]]| 松平直之}}||1784 - 1786||''Sahyoe-no-kami'' (左兵衛督))||  Junior 5th Rank, Lower Grade (従五位下)||60,000 ''koku''
|-
||6||{{nihongo|[[Matsudaira Naochika]]| 松平直周}}||1786 - 1816|| ''Okura-taiyu'' (大蔵大輔)||  Junior 4th Rank, Lower Grade (従四位下)||60,000 ''koku''
|-
||7||{{nihongo|[[Matsudaira Naritsugu (Akashi)|Matsudaira Naritsugu]]| 松平斉韶}}||1816 - 1840|| ''Sakon'egon-no-shosho'' (左近衛権少将); ''Jijū'' (侍従)|| Junior 4th Rank, Upper Grade (従四位上)||60,000 ''koku''
|-
||8||{{nihongo|[[Matsudaira Narikoto]]|松平斉宣}}||1840 - 1844|| ''Sakon'e-gon-no-shosho'' (左近衛権少将)|| Junior 4th Rank, Upper Grade (従四位上)||60,000 -> 80,000 -> 100,000 ''koku''
|-
||9||{{nihongo|[[Matsudaira Yoshinori (Akashi)|Matsudaira Yoshinori]]| 松平慶憲}}||1844 - 1869||''Sakon'e-gon-no-chusho'' (左近衛権少将); ''Jijū'' (侍従)||Junior 4th Rank, Upper Grade (従四位上)|| 100,000 ''koku''
|-
||10||{{nihongo|[[Matsudaira Naomune]]| 松平直致}}||1869 - 1871|| ''Sakon'egon-no-shosho'' (左近衛権少将); ''Jijū'' (侍従)|| Junior 4th Rank, Upper Grade (従四位上)||100,000 ''koku''
|-
|}

===Simplified genealogy (Matsudaira)===
{{Tree list}}
*Matsudaira Naomitsu, 3rd head of the Matsudaira ({{circa|1400}} – {{circa|1488–89}})
**Chikatada, 4th head of the Matsudaira (c. 1431–1531)
***{{Tree list/final branch}} Nagachika, 5th head of the Matsudaira (1473–1544)
****Nobutada, 6th head of the Matsudaira (1490–1531)
*****{{Tree list/final branch}} Kiyoyasu, 7th head of the Matsudaira (1511–1536)
******{{Tree list/final branch}} Hirotada, 8th head of the Matsudaira (1526–1549)
*******{{Tree list/final branch}}[[Image:Tokugawa family crest.svg|20px]] '''[[Tokugawa Ieyasu]], 1st Tokugawa ''shōgun''''' (1543–1616; r. 1603–1605)
********Kame-hime (1560-1625), m. Okudaira Nobumasa, 1st ''daimyō'' of Kanō (1555–1615)
*********{{Tree list/final branch}} daughter, m. Ōkubo Tadatsune, 1st ''daimyō'' of Kisai (1580–1611)
**********{{Tree list/final branch}} Ōkubo Tadamoto, ''daimyō'' of Akashi (1604–1670)
********Yūki (Matsudaira) Hideyasu, 1st ''daimyō'' of Fukui (1574–1607)
*********{{Tree list/final branch}} Naoyoshi, Lord of Ōno (1605-1678)
**********{{Tree list/final branch}} [[Image:Simple silver crown.svg|15px]] '''I. Naoakira, 1st ''daimyō'' of Akashi (3rd creation)''' (1656–1721; Lord of Akashi: 1682–1701)
***********{{Tree list/final branch}} [[Image:Simple silver crown.svg|15px]] '''II. Naotsune, 2nd ''daimyō'' of Akashi (3rd creation)''' (1679–1744; r. 1701–1743)
************{{Tree list/final branch}} [[Image:Simple silver crown.svg|15px]] '''III. Naosumi, 3rd ''daimyō'' of Akashi (3rd creation)''' (1727–1764; r. 1743–1764)
*************{{Tree list/final branch}} [[Image:Simple silver crown.svg|15px]] '''IV. Naohiro, 4th ''daimyō'' of Akashi (3rd creation)''' (1749–1804; r. 1764–1784)
**************[[Image:Simple silver crown.svg|15px]] '''V. Naoyuki, 5th ''daimyō'' of Akashi (3rd creation)''' (1768–1786; r. 1784–1786)
**************{{Tree list/final branch}} [[Image:Simple silver crown.svg|15px]] '''VI. Naochika, 6th ''daimyō'' of Akashi (3rd creation)''' (1773–1828; r. 1786–1816)
***************{{Tree list/final branch}} [[Image:Simple silver crown.svg|15px]] '''VII. Naritsugu, 7th ''daimyō'' of Akashi (3rd creation)''' (1803–1868; r. 1816–1840)
****************{{Tree list/final branch}} [[Image:Simple silver crown.svg|15px]] '''IX. Yoshinori, 9th ''daimyō'' of Akashi (3rd creation)''' (1826–1897; r. 1844–1869)
*****************{{Tree list/final branch}} [[Image:Simple silver crown.svg|15px]] '''X. Naomune, 10th ''daimyō'' of Akashi (3rd creation)''' (1849–1884; Lord: 1869; Governor: 1869–1871)
********Tokugawa Yorinobu, 1st ''daimyō'' of Kishū (1602–1671)
*********{{Tree list/final branch}} Tokugawa Mitsusada, 2nd ''daimyō'' of Kishū (1627–1705)
**********{{Tree list/final branch}}[[Image:Tokugawa family crest.svg|20px]] '''[[Tokugawa Yoshimune]], 8th Tokugawa ''shōgun''''' (1684–1751; 5th Lord of Kishū: 1705–1716; 8th Tokugawa ''shōgun'': 1716–1745)
***********{{Tree list/final branch}}Tokugawa Munetada, 1st Hitotsubashi-Tokugawa family head (1721–1765)
************{{Tree list/final branch}}Tokugawa Harusada, 2nd Hitotsubashi-Tokugawa family head (1751–1827)
*************{{Tree list/final branch}} [[Image:Tokugawa family crest.svg|20px]] '''[[Tokugawa Ienari]], 11th Tokugawa ''shōgun''''' (1773–1841; r. 1786–1837)
**************{{Tree list/final branch}} [[Image:Simple silver crown.svg|15px]] '''VIII. Matsudaira Narikoto, 8th ''daimyō'' of Akashi (3rd creation)''' (1825–1844; r. 1840–1844)
********{{Tree list/final branch}} Tokugawa Yorifusa, 1st ''daimyō'' of Mito (1603–1661)
*********{{Tree list/final branch}} daughter, m. Honda Masatoshi, ''daimyō'' of Akashi (1641–1707)
****{{Tree list/final branch}} Nobusada (d. 1538)
*****{{Tree list/final branch}} Kiyosada 
******{{Tree list/final branch}} Ietsugu (d. 1563)
*******{{Tree list/final branch}} Tadayoshi (1559–1582)
********{{Tree list/final branch}} Nobuyoshi, ''daimyō'' of Sasayama (1580–1620)
*********{{Tree list/final branch}} [[Image:Simple silver crown.svg|15px]] '''I. Tadakuni, 1st ''daimyō'' of Akashi (2nd creation)''' (1597–1659; Lord of Akashi: 1649–1659)
**********{{Tree list/final branch}} [[Image:Simple silver crown.svg|15px]] '''II. Nobuyuki, 2nd ''daimyō'' of Akashi (2nd creation)''' (1631–1686; r. 1659–1679)
**{{Tree list/final branch}} daughter, m. Toda Munemitsu (1439–1508)
***{{Tree list/final branch}} Toda Norimitsu
****{{Tree list/final branch}} Toda Masamitsu
*****{{Tree list/final branch}} Toda Yasumitsu (d. 1547)
******{{Tree list/final branch}} Toda Yoshimitsu
*******{{Tree list/final branch}} Toda Tadashige
********{{Tree list/final branch}} Matsudaira Yasunaga, ''daimyō'' of Matsumoto (1562–1633)
*********Tadamitsu (1598–1629)
**********{{Tree list/final branch}} [[Image:Simple silver crown.svg|15px]] '''II. Mitsushige, 2nd ''daimyō'' of Akashi (1st creation)''' (1622–1668; r. 1634–1639)
*********{{Tree list/final branch}} [[Image:Simple silver crown.svg|15px]] '''I. Yasunao, 1st ''daimyō'' of Akashi (1st creation)''' (1617–1634; Lord of Akashi: cr. 1633)
{{Tree list/end}}
<ref>[https://reichsarchiv.jp/%E5%AE%B6%E7%B3%BB%E3%83%AA%E3%82%B9%E3%83%88/%E6%88%B8%E7%94%B0%E6%B0%8F%EF%BC%88%E4%BA%8C%E9%80%A3%E6%9C%A8%E6%88%B8%E7%94%B0%E6%B0%8F%E3%83%BB%E6%88%B8%E7%94%B0%E6%9D%BE%E5%B9%B3%E6%B0%8F%EF%BC%89#yasunaga633 Genealogy (jp)]</ref>
<ref>[https://reichsarchiv.jp/%E5%AE%B6%E7%B3%BB%E3%83%AA%E3%82%B9%E3%83%88/%E8%B6%8A%E5%89%8D%E6%9D%BE%E5%B9%B3%E6%B0%8F%EF%BC%88%E5%BE%A1%E5%AE%B6%E9%96%80%E3%83%BB%E6%92%AD%E7%A3%A8%E6%98%8E%E7%9F%B3%E8%97%A9%E5%AE%B6%E7%B3%BB%EF%BC%89#hyosinorikk Genealogy (Echizen-Matsudaira) (jp)]</ref>

== See also ==
* [[List of Han]]
* [[Abolition of the han system]]

==Further reading==
* [[Harold Bolitho|Bolitho, Harold]]. (1974). ''Treasures Among Men: The Fudai Daimyo in Tokugawa Japan.'' New Haven: Yale University Press.  {{ISBN|978-0-300-01655-0}}; [https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/185685588  OCLC 185685588]

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Domains of Kinki}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Domains of Japan]]
[[Category:1617 establishments in Japan]]
[[Category:States and territories established in 1617]]
[[Category:1871 disestablishments in Japan]]
[[Category:States and territories disestablished in 1871]]
[[Category:Harima Province]]
[[Category:Domains of Hyōgo Prefecture]]
[[Category:Akashi-Matsudaira clan]]
[[Category:Fujii-Matsudaira clan]]
[[Category:Honda clan]]
[[Category:Ogasawara clan]]
[[Category:Ōkubo clan]]
[[Category:Toda-Matsudaira clan]]