View source for Aeronca L-3

{{short description |WWII liaison aircraft}}
<!-- This article is a part of [[Wikipedia:WikiProject Aircraft]]. Please see [[Wikipedia:WikiProject Aircraft/page content]] for recommended layout. -->
{{Infobox aircraft
 |name= L-3 Grasshopper
 |image=Aeronca_L-3B_Grasshopper_USAF.jpg
 |caption= Aeronca L-3B belonging to the [[National Museum of the United States Air Force]].
 |type= [[Observation]] and [[liaison aircraft]]
 |manufacturer= [[Aeronca Aircraft]]
 |designer=
 |first_flight= 1941
 |introduction=
 |retired=
 |status=
 |primary_user= [[United States Army Air Forces]]
 |more_users=
 |produced=
 |number_built=
 |developed_from= [[Aeronca 50 Chief]]
 |variants=
}}

The '''Aeronca L-3''' group of observation and [[liaison aircraft]] were used by the [[United States Army Air Corps]] in [[World War II]].  The L-3 series were adapted from [[Aeronca]]'s pre-war [[Aeronca 50 Chief|Tandem Trainer and Chief]] models.

==Design and development==
In 1941, the [[United States Army Air Corps]] ordered four examples of the [[Aeronca Chief family|Aeronca 65 TC Defender]], designated YO-58, for evaluation of the suitability of light aircraft for observation and liaison purposes. (It also placed similar orders with [[Piper Aircraft|Piper]] and [[Taylorcraft Aircraft]]). Service tests during the US Army's annual maneuvers proved successful, and resulted in large orders being placed. In 1942, the O-58 was redesignated L-3.<ref name="Swan Mil p31">Swanborough and Bowers 1963, p. 31.</ref><ref name="Mondey p8">Mondey 1996, p. 8.</ref>

When American forces went into combat after [[Attack on Pearl Harbor|Pearl Harbor]], the Army Air Force used the L-3 in much the same manner as observation balloons were used during [[World War I]]—spotting activities and directing artillery fire. It was also used for liaison and transport duties and short-range [[reconnaissance]] which required airplanes to land and take off in short distances from unprepared [[landing strips]]. Liaison pilots would train on L-3s before moving on to front-line aircraft like the [[Piper J-3#World War II service|Piper L-4]] or the [[Stinson L-5]]. Some L-3s were shipped to [[North African Campaign|North Africa]], and subsequently given to the [[Free French Forces]] in the area at the time. At least one of the aircraft served with US forces in Italy.{{citation needed|date=February 2015}}And minimally one other did service in Normandy, as reported by the Detroit Free Press on 25 June 1944, with a photograph indicating transport of medical supplies to the advancing front-line regiments.

The '''TG-5''' was a three-seat training glider of 1942 based upon the O-58 design. This aircraft retained the O-58's rear fuselage, wings, and tail while adding a new front fuselage in place of the engine. In all, Aeronca built 250 TG-5 gliders for the Army. The Navy received three as the '''LNR-1'''.<ref name="Swan Mil p32-3">Swanborough and Bowers 1963, pp. 32–33.</ref>
[[File:Aeronca Grasshopper L-3B of the United States Army Air Forces, now private as G-BRHP  29Sept2018 arp.jpg|thumb|1942 Aeronca Grasshopper L-3B observation and liaison aircraft, formerly of the [[United States Army Air Forces]], now privately owned as G-BRHP in England]]

==Variants==
[[File:Aeronca TG-5 Glider Trainer in flight.jpg|thumb|Piper TG-8 glider trainer in flight, similar in appearance to the Aeronca TG-5.]]
O-58 designation replaced by L-3 designation in April 1942<ref name=Adcock>Adcock, 2005, p.21</ref>
*'''YO-58''' – Four aircraft with a {{convert|65|hp|abbr=on}} [[Continental O-170|Continental YO-170-3]] engine.<ref name=Adcock/>
*'''O-58''' / '''L-3''' – production order of 50, most used for training in the US.<ref name=Adcock/>
*'''O-58A''' / '''L-3A''' – Fuselage widened four inches and extended greenhouse canopy. 20 built.<ref name=Adcock/>
*'''O-58B''' / '''L-3B''' – Modified canopy and additional radio equipment. 875 built.<ref name=Adcock/>
*'''O-58C''' / '''L-3C''' – As O-58B/L-3B but with radio equipment removed for use as trainer. 490 built.<ref name=Adcock/>
*'''L-3D''' – '''[[Aeronca Defender|Aeronca 65TF Defender]]'''. 11 aircraft impressed.<ref name=Adcock/>
*'''L-3E''' – '''Aeronca 65TC Defender'''. 12 aircraft impressed.<ref name=Adcock/> Continental engine. 
*'''L-3F''' – '''Aeronca 65CA Defender'''. 19 aircraft impressed.<ref name=Adcock/>
*'''L-3G''' – '''[[Aeronca 65 Super Chief|Aeronca 65L Super Chief]]''' with side by side seating. 4 aircraft impressed.<ref name=Adcock/> [[Lycoming engine]].
*'''L-3H''' – '''Aeronca 65TL Defender'''. 1 aircraft impressed)<ref name=Adcock/> Lycoming engine.
*'''L-3J''' – '''Aeronca 65TC Defender''' 1 additional aircraft impressed.<ref name=Adcock/> Continental engine. 
*'''JR-1''' – Three L-3Cs supplied to the [[United States Navy|US Navy]].<ref name=Adcock/>
*'''TG-5''' – 250 were built as training [[Military glider|gliders]] for the USAAC.<ref name=Adcock/>
*'''TG-33''' – TG-5 converted for prone pilot.<ref name=Adcock/><ref name="Swan Mil p584">Swanborough and Bowers 1963, p.584.</ref>
*'''LNR''' – Three TG-5s supplied to the [[United States Navy|US Navy]].<ref name=Adcock/>

==Operators==
;{{flag|Brazil}}
* [[Brazilian Air Force]] L-3C
;{{CUB}}
* [[Cuban Air Force]] - received 11 L-3Bs under Lend-Lease.<ref>Hagedorn 1993, p. 15.</ref>
;{{CHI}}:
* [[Chilean Air Force]]
30 L-3B delivered to Chile via Lend-Lease program in 1943, all delivered to civil aero clubs. 4 Survivors (CC-KGA at La Ligua, CC-SHA at Chile's Aviation Museum. Two examples in the hands of restorers at Tobalaba airfield, Santiago, and Los Angeles.)
;{{DOM}}
* [[Dominican Air Force]] - received 3 L-3Bs in 1943.<ref>Hagedorn 1993, p. 97.</ref>
;{{USA}}:
* [[United States Army Air Forces]]
* [[United States Navy]]
;{{VEN}}
* [[Venezuelan Air Force|''Aviación Militar'']] – received three L-3Bs.<ref>''Air International'' September 1973, p. 121.</ref>

==Surviving aircraft==
[[File:Cavanaugh Flight Museum-2008-10-29-012 (4270559186).jpg|thumb|L-3B Grasshopper at the [[Cavanaugh Flight Museum]]]]

Aside from 15 L-3s (2 L-3, 7 L-3B, and 6 L-3C) that remain on the US civil registry as of June 2016,<ref>[http://registry.faa.gov/aircraftinquiry/AcftRef_Results.aspx?Mfrtxt=AERONCA&Modeltxt=L-3&PageNo=1 FAA Registry Search for Aeronca L-3] accessed 12 June 2016</ref> a number have also found their way into museums

* 42-7796 – O-58A airworthy with Mark A. Henry of Dickinson, Texas<ref>{{Cite web|title=Aircraft Inquiry|url=https://registry.faa.gov/aircraftinquiry/Search/NNumberInquiry?error=No%20N-Number%20was%20entered!|access-date=2021-11-02|website=registry.faa.gov}}</ref>
*42-7798 – O-58A airworthy with Blake W. Henderson of [[Westmoreland, Tennessee]].<ref>{{cite web|title=FAA REGISTRY [N46513]|url=http://registry.faa.gov/aircraftinquiry/NNum_Results.aspx?NNumbertxt=N46513|website=Federal Aviation Administration|publisher=U.S. Department of Transportation|access-date=6 December 2016}}</ref>
* 42-14773 – L-3 airworthy with Audie L. Hollon of [[Milan, Missouri]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Airframe Dossier – Aeronca L-3 Grasshopper, s/n 42-14773 USAAF, c/r N4209K|url=http://aerialvisuals.ca/AirframeDossier.php?Serial=161877|website=Aerial Visuals|publisher=AerialVisuals.ca|access-date=6 December 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=FAA REGISTRY [N4209K]|url=http://registry.faa.gov/aircraftinquiry/NNum_Results.aspx?NNumbertxt=N4209K|website=Federal Aviation Administration|publisher=U.S. Department of Transportation|access-date=6 December 2016}}</ref>
* 42-36152 – O-58B airworthy with Lee H. Montgomery in [[Corsicana, Texas]]. Previously with the Alamo Liaison Squadron in [[San Antonio, Texas]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Alamo Liaison Squadron Picture Gallery|url=http://www.als-cannonfield.com/PictureGallery.htm|website=The Alamo Liaison Squadron|publisher=Alamo Liaison Squadron|access-date=6 December 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Airframe Dossier – Aeronca O-58B Grasshopper, s/n 42-36152 USAAF, c/n 058B-1782, c/r N52169|url=http://aerialvisuals.ca/AirframeDossier.php?Serial=67376|website=Aerial Visuals|publisher=AerialVisuals.ca|access-date=6 December 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=FAA REGISTRY [N52169]|url=http://registry.faa.gov/aircraftinquiry/NNum_Results.aspx?NNumbertxt=N52169|website=Federal Aviation Administration|publisher=U.S. Department of Transportation|access-date=6 December 2016}}</ref>
* 42-36200 – L-3B on static display at the [[National Museum of the United States Air Force]] at [[Wright-Patterson AFB]] near [[Dayton, Ohio]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Aeronca L-3B "Grasshopper"|url=https://www.nationalmuseum.af.mil/Visit/Museum-Exhibits/Fact-Sheets/Display/Article/196269/aeronca-l-3b-grasshopper/|website=National Museum of the US Air Force|access-date=6 December 2016|date=17 April 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Airframe Dossier – Aeronca L-3B Grasshopper, s/n 42-36200 USAAF|url=http://aerialvisuals.ca/AirframeDossier.php?Serial=71054|website=Aerial Visuals|publisher=AerialVisuals.ca|access-date=6 December 2016}}</ref>
* [[File:L-3D 42-36639.jpg|thumb|L-3D on display at the [[Silent Wings Museum]].]]42-36639 – L-3D on static display at the [[Silent Wings Museum]] at [[Lubbock Preston Smith International Airport]] in [[Lubbock, Texas]]
* 43-1844 – O-58B airworthy at the [[Port Townsend Aero Museum]] in [[Port Townsend, Washington]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Aeronca L3 "Grasshopper"|url=http://www.ptaeromuseum.com/aircraft_collection/aeronca_l3/aeroncal3.html|website=Port Townsend Aero Museum|access-date=6 December 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Airframe Dossier – Aeronca O-58B Grasshopper, s/n 43-1844 USAAF, c/r N48145|url=http://aerialvisuals.ca/AirframeDossier.php?Serial=59305|website=Aerial Visuals|publisher=AerialVisuals.ca|access-date=6 December 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=FAA REGISTRY [N48145]|url=http://registry.faa.gov/aircraftinquiry/NNum_Results.aspx?NNumbertxt=N48145|website=Federal Aviation Administration|publisher=U.S. Department of Transportation|access-date=6 December 2016}}</ref>
* 43-2820 – L-3E airworthy with the [[Butler County Warbirds]] in [[Middletown, Ohio]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Aeronca L-3E |url=http://www.bcwarbirds.com/aeronca-l-3e.html |website=Butler County Warbirds |access-date=22 May 2025}}</ref>
* 43-26772 – L-3B on static display at the [[Air Zoo]] in [[Kalamazoo, Michigan]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Aeronca L-3B Defender|url=http://www.airzoo.org/page.php?page_id=202|website=Air Zoo|publisher=Air Zoo|access-date=6 December 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161221014312/http://www.airzoo.org/page.php?page_id=202|archive-date=21 December 2016|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Airframe Dossier – Aeronca L-3B Grasshopper, s/n 43-26772 USAAF, c/n 058B-9093, c/r N47139|url=http://aerialvisuals.ca/AirframeDossier.php?Serial=74056|website=Aerial Visuals|publisher=AerialVisuals.ca|access-date=6 December 2016}}</ref>
* 43-26819 – L-3B on static display at the Museo Nacional Aeronáutico y del Espacio in [[Santiago, Chile]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Airframe Dossier – Aeronca L-3B Grasshopper, s/n 43-26819 USAAC, c/n 58B 9563, c/r CC-SHA|url=http://aerialvisuals.ca/AirframeDossier.php?Serial=152758|website=Aerial Visuals|publisher=AerialVisuals.ca|access-date=6 December 2016}}</ref>
* 43-27184 – L-3B Being restored in Sturgis, Mi. 058B-13213 NC 47262{{Citation needed|date=May 2025}}
* Unknown – L-3B on static display at the [[Museum of Flight]] in [[Seattle, Washington]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Aeronca L-3B Grasshopper|url=http://www.museumofflight.org/aircraft/aeronca-l-3b-o-58b-grasshopper|website=The Museum Of Flight|publisher=The Museum Of Flight|access-date=6 December 2016}}</ref>
* Unknown – L-3B airworthy at the [[Cavanaugh Flight Museum]] in [[Addison, Texas]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Aircraft|url=http://www.cavanaughflightmuseum.com/collections/aircraft|website=Cavanaugh Flight Museum|access-date=6 December 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161029175706/http://www.cavanaughflightmuseum.com/collections/aircraft|archive-date=2016-10-29|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=FAA REGISTRY [N47373]|url=http://registry.faa.gov/aircraftinquiry/NNum_Results.aspx?NNumbertxt=N47373|website=Federal Aviation Administration|publisher=U.S. Department of Transportation|access-date=6 December 2016}}</ref> Removed from public display when the museum indefinitely closed on 1 January 2024. To be moved to [[North Texas Regional Airport]] in [[Denison, Texas]].<ref>{{cite news |last=Sullivan |first=Cole |date=1 January 2024 |title=Historic Addison flight museum announces closure |url=https://www.wfaa.com/article/news/local/addison-texas-cavanaugh-flight-museum-closing/287-85fe72cf-3131-4919-88ed-e92d8cfa30c0 |work=WFAA |location=Dallas, Texas |access-date=4 January 2024}}</ref>
* Unknown – L-3 airworthy at the [[Wings of Eagles Discovery Center]] in [[Elmira, New York]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Aeronca L3 (Grasshopper)|url=http://www.wingsofeagles.com/browse-the-collection/aircraft/aeronca-l3-grasshopper|website=Wings of Eagles Discovery Center|publisher=Wings of Eagles Discovery Center|access-date=6 December 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160629103843/http://www.wingsofeagles.com/browse-the-collection/aircraft/aeronca-l3-grasshopper/|archive-date=2016-06-29|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=FAA REGISTRY [N33769]|url=http://registry.faa.gov/aircraftinquiry/NNum_Results.aspx?NNumbertxt=N33769|website=Federal Aviation Administration|publisher=U.S. Department of Transportation|access-date=6 December 2016}}</ref>
* Unknown – L-3 on display at the [[Vintage Flying Museum]] in [[Fort Worth, Texas]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Our Collection|url=http://vintageflyingmuseum.org/on-display|website=Vintage Flying Museum|access-date=6 December 2016}}</ref>
* Unknown – L-3B airworthy at the [[Western Antique Aeroplane & Automobile Museum]] in [[Hood River, Oregon]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Aeronca L-3B Grasshopper|url=http://www.waaamuseum.org/collections/airplanes/188-Aeronca-L-3B-Grasshopper|website=Western Antique Aeroplane & Automobile Museum|publisher=WAAAM|access-date=6 December 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Airframe Dossier – Aeronca O-58B Grasshopper, c/r N47751|url=http://aerialvisuals.ca/AirframeDossier.php?Serial=62753|website=Aerial Visuals|publisher=AerialVisuals.ca|access-date=6 December 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=FAA REGISTRY [N47751]|url=http://registry.faa.gov/aircraftinquiry/NNum_Results.aspx?NNumbertxt=N47751|website=Federal Aviation Administration|publisher=U.S. Department of Transportation|access-date=6 December 2016}}</ref>
* Unknown – L-3E airworthy with Air Group One of the Commemorative Air Force in [[El Cajon, California]].<ref>{{cite web|title=1941 L-3B Grasshopper|url=http://ag1caf.org/l-3-grasshopper|website=Air Group One|publisher=Air Group One CAF|access-date=6 December 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=FAA REGISTRY [N36687]|url=http://registry.faa.gov/aircraftinquiry/NNum_Results.aspx?NNumbertxt=N36687|website=Federal Aviation Administration|publisher=U.S. Department of Transportation|access-date=6 December 2016}}</ref>
* Unknown – L-3E under restoration with the Spirit of Tulsa of the Commemorative Air Force in [[Tulsa, Oklahoma]].<ref name="CAFHQ">{{cite web|title=CAF Ghost Squadron- The Liaison/Observation Aircraft|url=http://commemorativeairforce.org/airplanes/ghost-squadron/91-caf-aircraft/130-caf-liason-transport|website=Commemorative Air Force Headquarters|publisher=Commemorative Air Force|access-date=6 December 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161214180602/http://commemorativeairforce.org/airplanes/ghost-squadron/91-caf-aircraft/130-caf-liason-transport|archive-date=14 December 2016|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=FAA REGISTRY [N27336]|url=http://registry.faa.gov/aircraftinquiry/NNum_Results.aspx?NNumbertxt=N27336|website=Federal Aviation Administration|publisher=U.S. Department of Transportation|access-date=6 December 2016}}</ref>
* Unknown – L-3E airworthy with the Missouri Wing of the Commemorative Air Force in [[Portage Des Sioux, Missouri]].<ref>{{cite web|title=L3 "Lil' Show Me"|url=http://cafmo.org/content/our-aircraft/l3/l3.aspx|website=Commemorative Air Force – Missouri Wing|publisher=Commemorative Air Force – Missouri Wing|access-date=6 December 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=FAA REGISTRY [N36681]|url=http://registry.faa.gov/aircraftinquiry/NNum_Results.aspx?NNumbertxt=N36681|website=Federal Aviation Administration|publisher=U.S. Department of Transportation|access-date=6 December 2016}}</ref>
* Unknown – O-58B airworthy with Nicholas S. Kapotes of [[Pompton Plains, New Jersey]].<ref>{{cite web|title=FAA REGISTRY [N46248]|url=http://registry.faa.gov/aircraftinquiry/NNum_Results.aspx?NNumbertxt=N46248|website=Federal Aviation Administration|publisher=U.S. Department of Transportation|access-date=6 December 2016}}</ref>
* 43-26861 – L-3B airworthy with James S. Tate of [[Nashville, Tennessee]].<ref>{{cite web|title=FAA REGISTRY [N48441]|url=http://registry.faa.gov/aircraftinquiry/NNum_Results.aspx?NNumbertxt=N48441|website=Federal Aviation Administration|publisher=U.S. Department of Transportation|access-date=6 December 2016}}</ref>{{Failed verification|date=April 2020}}
* Unknown – L-3 on static display at the [[National D-Day Memorial]] in [[Bedford, Virginia]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Airframe Dossier – Aeronca50/65 / L-3 Champion / LNR / O-58 / TG-5 / TG-33, c/n 16645|url=http://aerialvisuals.ca/AirframeDossier.php?Serial=86318|website=Aerial Visuals|publisher=AerialVisuals.ca|access-date=6 December 2016}}</ref>
* 058B2692 – L-3B airworthy with Air1 Aircraft of [[Westfield, Massachusetts]].<ref>{{cite web |title=FAA REGISTRY [N46893] |url=http://registry.faa.gov/aircraftinquiry/NNum_Results.aspx?NNumbertxt=46893 |website=Federal Aviation Administration |publisher=U.S. Department of Transportation}}</ref>
* 058B6212 – O-58B airworthy with Bruce Gapstur of [[Belle Plaine, Iowa]].<ref>{{cite web |title=FAA REGISTRY [N46082] |url=http://registry.faa.gov/aircraftinquiry/NNum_Results.aspx?NNumbertxt=N46082 |website=Federal Aviation Administration |publisher=U.S. Department of Transportation |access-date=1 May 2020}}</ref>
* 058B-8272 – O-58B airworthy with Todd H. Dickens of [[Charlotte, North Carolina]].<ref>{{cite web |title=FAA REGISTRY [N49705] |url=http://registry.faa.gov/aircraftinquiry/NNum_Results.aspx?NNumbertxt=N49705 |website=Federal Aviation Administration |publisher=U.S. Department of Transportation |access-date=1 May 2020}}</ref>
* 31316 – 65-TAC-L3 airworthy at [[La Victoria de Chacabuco Airport]] in Chile. Registered as CC-AVO.{{Citation needed|date=April 2020}}

==Specifications (L-3C)==
[[File:Aeronca L-3 Grasshopper 3-view line drawing.png|frameless|right|3-view line drawing of the Aeronca L-3 Grasshopper]]

{{Aircraft specs
|prime units?=imp

|ref=Jane's Fighting Aircraft of World War II.<ref name=jane>{{Ref Jane's|The Aeronca Grasshopper|203–204}}</ref>
|crew=2: pilot, observer
|length ft=21
|length in=10
|length m=6.67 
|span ft=35
|span in=0
|span m=10.67 
|height ft=9
|height in=1
|height m=2.74 
|wing area sqft=169 
|wing area sqm=15.6 
|empty weight lb=835 
|empty weight kg=379 
|gross weight lb=1,260 
|gross weight kg=572 
|eng1 name=[[Continental O-170]]-3 OR a Continental A-65-8
|eng1 type=[[flat-4]] engine
|eng1 number=1
|eng1 hp=65 
|eng1 kw=48 
|max speed mph=87 
|max speed kts=76
|max speed kmh=139
|cruise speed mph=79 
|cruise speed kts=69
|cruise speed kmh=126
|stall speed mph=46 
|stall speed kts=40
|stall speed kmh=73
|range miles=218 
|range nmi=189
|range km=350
|ceiling ft=10,000 
|ceiling m=3,050 
|climb rate ftmin=404 
|wing loading lb/sqft=7.45 
|wing loading kg/m2=36.1 
|power/mass=.051 hp/lb (85 W/kg)

}}

==See also==
{{Portal|Aviation}}
*[[Aeronca Chief family]]
{{aircontent
<!-- include as many lines are appropriate. additional lines/entries with carriage return. -->
|related=
* [[Aeronca 50 Chief]]
|similar aircraft=
* [[Taylorcraft L-2]]
* [[Piper L-4]]
*[[Repülőgépgyár Levente II|Levente II]]
|lists=
* [[List of aircraft of World War II]]
* [[List of military aircraft of the United States]]
|see also=
}}

==Notes==
{{reflist}}

==References==
* {{cite book|last1=Adcock|first1=Al|title=US Liaison Air in Action – Aircraft Number 195|publisher=Squadron Signal Publications|location=Carrollton, Texas|year=2005 |isbn=0-89747-487-2|pages=21–24}}
* {{cite book|author=Andrade, John M.|title=U.S. Military Aircraft Designations and Serials Since 1909|publisher=Midland Counties Publications|year=1979|isbn=0-904597-22-9}}
* {{cite book|author=Abel, Alan|title=Aeronca's Golden Age|publisher=Wind Canyon Books|year=2001|isbn=1-891118-42-0}}
* {{cite web|url=http://www.centennialofflight.gov/essay/GENERAL_AVIATION/aeronca/GA7.htm |title=Aeronca L-3 |last=Guillemette |first=Roger |work=US Centennial of Flight Commission |access-date=2006-01-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060104154049/http://www.centennialofflight.gov/essay/GENERAL_AVIATION/aeronca/GA7.htm |archive-date=4 January 2006 |url-status=dead}}
* {{cite book |last=Hagedorn |first=Daniel P. |title=Central American and Caribbean Air Forces |year=1993 |location=Tonbridge, Kent, UK |publisher=Air-Britain (Historians) Ltd |isbn=0-85130-210-6}}
* {{cite book|last=Mondey|first=David|title=The Concise Guide to American Aircraft of World War II|year=1996|publisher=Chancellor Press|location=London|isbn=185152-706-0}}
* {{cite book|last=Swanborough|first=F.G.|author2=Peter M. Bowers|title=United States Military Aircraft since 1909|publisher=Putnam|location=London|year=1963}}
*{{cite journal|title=Venezuela Refurbishes Her Aerial Sombrero|journal=[[Air International]]|date=September 1973|volume= 5|issue= 3|pages=118–124, 150}}
* {{cite web|url=http://aeroweb.brooklyn.cuny.edu/locator/manufact/aeronca/l-3.htm|title=Aeronca L-3 Aircraft Finder|work=AeroWeb: The Aviation Enthusiast Corner|access-date=2006-01-04|publisher=City University of New York|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060118131450/http://aeroweb.brooklyn.cuny.edu/locator/manufact/aeronca/l-3.htm|archive-date=2006-01-18}}

==External links==
{{commons category}}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20060716063053/http://www.wpafb.af.mil/museum/air_power/ap6.htm L-3 page at the National Museum of the United States Air Force]
* [http://www.warbirdalley.com/l3.htm L-3 page at Warbird Alley]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20120210132808/http://www.museoaeronautico.cl/espanol/pop-ficha.php?id=26 L-3 page at Museo Nacional Aeronáutico y del Espacio de Chile]

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