View source for Advanced maternal age

{{Short description|Pregnancy at older ages}}
{{For|effects associated with father's age|Paternal age effect}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2020}}
[[File:2017 Gianna Nannini - by 2eight - DSC3677.jpg|thumb|Italian singer [[Gianna Nannini]] was 56 years old when she gave birth in 2010.]]
'''Advanced maternal age''', in a broad sense, is the instance of a woman being of an older age at a stage of reproduction, although there are various definitions of specific age and stage of reproduction.<ref name=Fretts2012>
{{cite web
 |author=Fretts, Ruth C.
 |date=3 December 2012
 |title=Effect of advanced age on fertility and pregnancy in women
 |website=[[UpToDate]]
 |url=http://www.uptodate.com/contents/effect-of-advanced-age-on-fertility-and-pregnancy-in-women
 |access-date=
 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160619172839/http://www.uptodate.com/contents/effect-of-advanced-age-on-fertility-and-pregnancy-in-women
 |archive-date=19 June 2016
 |editor1=Wilkins-Haug, Louise |editor2=Barss, Vanessa A.
}}
</ref>
The variability in definitions is in part explained by the effects of increasing age occurring as a [[Continuum (measurement)|continuum]] rather than as a threshold effect.<ref name=Fretts2012 />

Average '''age at first childbirth''' has been increasing, especially in [[OECD]] countries, among which the highest average age is 32.6&nbsp;years ([[South Korea]]) followed by 32.1&nbsp;years ([[Ireland]] and [[Spain]]).<ref>
{{cite web
 |title=¿A qué edad tienen las madres su primer hijo? |language=es
 |trans-title=At what age do mothers have their first child?
 |website=[[El Orden Mundial]] (elordenmundial.com)
 |date=12 August 2020
 |url=https://elordenmundial.com/mapas-y-graficos/edad-madres-primer-hijo/
}}
</ref>
In a number of European countries (Spain), the mean age of women at first childbirth has crossed the 30&nbsp;year threshold.<ref>
{{cite report
 |title=Mean age of mothers at first childbirth
 |id=SF2.3
 |website=oecd.org
 |place=Paris, FR
 |publisher=Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development
 |url=http://www.oecd.org/els/soc/SF2.3%20Mean%20age%20of%20mother%20at%20first%20childbirth%20-%20updated%20240212.pdf
 |access-date=27 May 2014 |url-status=dead
 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141222133841/http://www.oecd.org/els/soc/SF2.3%20Mean%20age%20of%20mother%20at%20first%20childbirth%20-%20updated%20240212.pdf
 |archive-date=22 December 2014
}}
</ref>
This process is not restricted to Europe. Asia, Japan and the United States are all seeing average age at first birth on the rise, and increasingly the process is spreading to countries in the [[developing world]] such as [[China]], [[Turkey]] and [[Iran]]. In the U.S., the average age of first childbirth was 26.9 in 2018.<ref name=cdc-natality>
{{cite report
 |title=Births and natality
 |website=cdc.org
 |publisher=U.S. [[Centers for Disease Control]]
 |url=https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/fastats/births.htm
 |url-status=live |access-date=8 September 2017
 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191112144911/https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/fastats/births.htm
 |archive-date=12 November 2019
}}
</ref>

Advanced maternal age is associated with adverse maternal and perinatal outcomes. Possible maternal complications due to advanced maternal age include [[Preterm birth|preterm labor]], [[pre-eclampsia]], [[Gestational diabetes|gestational diabetes mellitus]], [[stillbirth]], [[Chromosome abnormality|chromosomal abnormalities]], spontaneous [[miscarriage]] and [[Caesarean section|cesarean delivery]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |last1=Glick |first1=Itamar |last2=Kadish |first2=Ela |last3=Rottenstreich |first3=Misgav |date=2021-08-10 |title=Management of Pregnancy in Women of Advanced Maternal Age: Improving Outcomes for Mother and Baby |journal=International Journal of Women's Health |language=English |volume=13 |pages=751–759 |doi=10.2147/IJWH.S283216 |doi-access=free |pmc=8364335 |pmid=34408501}}</ref> Advanced age can also increase the risk of [[female infertility|infertility]].<ref name="Leridon2004" /> Some of the possible fetal outcomes due to advanced maternal age include admission to [[Neonatal intensive care unit|neonatal intensive care units]] ([[Neonatal intensive care unit|NICU]]),  [[Intrauterine growth restriction|intrauterine growth restrictions]], low [[Apgar score]], [[chromosomal abnormalities]] and infants smaller for [[gestational age]].<ref name="morris" /><ref name=":0" /> The corresponding [[paternal age effect]] is less pronounced.<ref name="Tournaye-2009">
{{cite book
 |last=Tournaye |first=Herman
 |date=June 2009
 |chapter=Male reproductive ageing
 |editor1-last=Bewley |editor1-first=Susan
 |editor2-last=Ledger |editor2-first=William
 |editor3-last=Nikolaou |editor3-first=Dimitrios
 |title=Reproductive Ageing
 |pages=95–104
 |publisher=Cambridge University Press
 |isbn=978-1-906985-13-4
 |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-SlaAQAAQBAJ&pg=PA95
 |access-date=24 October 2020 |url-status=live
 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201104220433/https://books.google.com/books?id=-SlaAQAAQBAJ&pg=PA95
 |archive-date=4 November 2020
}}
</ref><ref name="Kidd-2001">
{{cite journal
 |last1=Kidd |first1=Sharon A.
 |last2=Eskenazi |first2=Brenda
 |last3=Wyrobek |first3=Andrew J.
 |date=February 2001
 |title=Effects of male age on semen quality and fertility: A review of the literature
 |journal=Fertility and Sterility
 |volume=75 |issue=2 |pages=237–248
 |doi=10.1016/s0015-0282(00)01679-4
 |pmid=11172821 |doi-access=free
}}
</ref>   

== History ==
Having children later was not exceptional in the past, when families were larger and women often continued bearing children until the end of their reproductive age. What is so radical about this recent transformation is that it is the age at which women give birth to their first child, which is becoming comparatively high, leaving an ever more constricted window of biological opportunity for second and subsequent children, should they be desired. Unsurprisingly, high first-birth ages and high rates of birth postponement are associated with the arrival of low, and lowest-low fertility.<ref>
{{cite news
 |title=U.S. women more likely to have children than a decade ago
 |date=2018-01-18
 |website=Pew Research Center's Social & Demographic Trends Project
 |language=en-US
 |url=https://www.pewsocialtrends.org/2018/01/18/theyre-waiting-longer-but-u-s-women-today-more-likely-to-have-children-than-a-decade-ago/
 |access-date=2020-10-29
}}</ref>

This association has now become especially clear, since the postponement of first births in a number of countries has now continued unabated for more than three decades and has become one of the most prominent characteristics of [[Fertility factor (demography)|fertility patterns]] in developed societies. A variety of authors (in particular, [[Lesthaeghe]]) have argued that fertility postponement constitutes the "hallmark" of what has become known as the "second demographic transition". {{Citation needed|date=March 2024}}

Others have proposed that the postponement process itself constitutes a separate "third transition".<ref>
{{cite journal
 |last1=Kohler |first1=Hans-Peter
 |last2=Billari |first2=Francesco C.
 |last3=Ortega |first3=Jose Antonio
 |date=December 2002
 |title=The emergence of lowest-low fertility in Europe during the 1990s
 |journal=Population and Development Review
 |volume=28 |issue=4 |pages=641–680
 |doi=10.1111/j.1728-4457.2002.00641.x
}}
</ref>
On this latter view, modern developed societies exhibit a kind of dual fertility pattern, with the majority of [[births]] being concentrated either among very young or increasingly older mothers. This is sometimes known as the "rectangularisation" of [[Fertility factor (demography)|fertility patterns]].

==Possible factors that influence childbearing age==
There are many factors that may influence childbearing age in women, although they are mostly [[Correlation does not imply causation|correlations without certain causations]]. For instance, older maternal age at first childbirth is associated with higher educational attainment and income.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Shadyab |first1=Aladdin H. |last2=Gass |first2=Margery L.S. |last3=Stefanick |first3=Marcia L. |last4=Waring |first4=Molly E. |last5=Macera |first5=Caroline A. |last6=Gallo |first6=Linda C. |last7=Shaffer |first7=Richard A. |last8=Jain |first8=Sonia |last9=LaCroix |first9=Andrea Z. |display-authors=6 |date=January 2017 |title=Maternal age at childbirth and parity as predictors of longevity among women in the United States: The Women's Health Initiative |journal=American Journal of Public Health |volume=107 |issue=1 |pages=113–119 |doi=10.2105/AJPH.2016.303503 |pmid=27854529 |pmc=5308150 }}</ref>

Two studies show that generous parental leave allowances in Britain encourage young motherhood and that parental-leave allowance reduces postponement in Sweden.<ref name=balbo2013>{{cite journal |last1=Balbo |first1=Nicoletta |last2=Billari |first2=Francesco C. |last3=Mills |first3=Melinda |title=Fertility in Advanced Societies: A Review of Research |journal=European Journal of Population |date=February 2013 |volume=29 |issue=1 |pages=1–38 |doi=10.1007/s10680-012-9277-y |pmid=23440941 |pmc=3576563 }}</ref>

== Effects ==
=== Decreased fertility ===
[[File:Age and female fertility.svg|thumb|270px|Cumulative percentage and average age for women reaching [[subfertility]], [[Infertility|sterility]], [[irregular menstruation]] and [[menopause]]<ref>{{cite journal |last1=te Velde |first1=E. R. |last2=Pearson |first2=PL |title=The variability of female reproductive ageing |journal=Human Reproduction Update |date=1 March 2002 |volume=8 |issue=2 |pages=141–154 |doi=10.1093/humupd/8.2.141 |pmid=12099629 |doi-access=free }}</ref>]]
{{Main|Age and female fertility}}

A woman's fertility peaks lasts during the twenties and first half of thirties, after which it starts to decline, with advanced maternal age causing an increased risk of [[female infertility]]. A woman's individual level of fertility can be tested through a variety of methods.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://essentialparent.com/access/|title=Access required?|website=Essentialparent.com|access-date=3 May 2022}}</ref>

According to Henri Leridon, PhD, an epidemiologist with the French Institute of Health and Medical Research, of women trying to get pregnant, without using fertility drugs or in vitro fertilization:<ref name=Leridon2004>{{cite journal |last1=Leridon |first1=H. |title=Can assisted reproduction technology compensate for the natural decline in fertility with age? A model assessment |journal=Human Reproduction |date=1 July 2004 |volume=19 |issue=7 |pages=1548–1553 |doi=10.1093/humrep/deh304 |pmid=15205397 |doi-access=free }}</ref>
* At age 30, 75% will have a conception ending in a live birth within one year, and 91% will have a conception ending in a live birth within four years.
* At age 35, 66% will have a conception ending in a live birth within one year, and 84% will have a conception ending in a live birth within four years.
* At age 40, 44% will have a conception ending in a live birth within one year, and 64% will have a conception ending in a live birth within four years.

[[Menopause]] typically occurs between 44 and 58 years of age.<ref>{{Cite journal |vauthors=Morabia A, Costanza MC |date=December 1998 |title=International variability in ages at menarche, first livebirth, and menopause. World Health Organization Collaborative Study of Neoplasia and Steroid Contraceptives |journal=American Journal of Epidemiology |volume=148 |issue=12 |pages=1195–205 |doi=10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a009609 |pmid=9867266 |doi-access=free}}</ref> DNA testing is rarely carried out to confirm claims of maternity at advanced ages, but in one large study, among 12,549 African and Middle Eastern immigrant mothers, confirmed by DNA testing, only two mothers were found to be older than fifty; the oldest mother being 52.1 years at conception (and the youngest mother 10.7 years old).<ref name="ForsterEtAl">{{Cite journal |last1=Forster |first1=Peter |last2=Hohoff |first2=Carsten |last3=Dunkelmann |first3=Bettina |last4=Schürenkamp |first4=Marianne |last5=Pfeiffer |first5=Heidi |last6=Neuhuber |first6=Franz |last7=Brinkmann |first7=Bernd |date=2015-03-22 |title=Elevated germline mutation rate in teenage fathers |journal=Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences |volume=282 |issue=1803 |page=20142898 |doi=10.1098/rspb.2014.2898|pmid=25694621 |pmc=4345458 }}</ref>

=== Risk of birth defects ===
A woman's risk of having a baby with [[chromosomal abnormalities]] increases with her age. [[Down syndrome]] is the most common chromosomal [[Congenital disorder|birth defect]], and a woman's risk of having a baby with Down syndrome is:<ref>
{{cite web
 |title=About Down syndrome
 |website=ndss.org
 |publisher=National Syndrome Down Society
 |url=https://www.ndss.org/about-down-syndrome/down-syndrome/
}}
</ref><ref name=morris>
{{cite journal
 |last1=Morris |first1=J.K.
 |last2=Mutton |first2=D.E.
 |last3=Alberman |first3=E.
 |date=March 2002
 |title=Revised estimates of the maternal age specific live birth prevalence of Down's syndrome
 |journal=Journal of Medical Screening
 |volume=9 |issue=1 |pages=2–6
 |pmid=11943789
 |doi=10.1136/jms.9.1.2 |doi-access=
}}
</ref>

:;Risk of having a baby with Down syndrome
{{div col begin|colwidth=8em}}
: {| style="text-align:center;"
 ! Age !! Risk
 |-
 | 20 || {{sfrac|1| 2 000 }}
 |-
 | 24 || {{sfrac|1| 1 300 }}
 |-
 | 25 || {{sfrac|1| 1 200 }}
 |-
 | 29 || {{sfrac|1| 950 }}
 |-
 | 30 || {{sfrac|1| 900 }}
 |}
: {| style="text-align:center;"
 ! Age !! Risk
 |-
 | 34 || {{sfrac|1| 450 }}
 |-
 | 35 || {{sfrac|1| 350 }}
 |-
 | 39 || {{sfrac|1|150}}
 |-
 | 40 || {{sfrac|1| 100 }}
 |}
: {| style="text-align:center;"
 ! Age !! Risk
 |-
 | 44 || {{sfrac|1| 40 }}
 |-
 | 45 || {{sfrac|1| 30 }}
 |-
 | 49 || {{sfrac|1| 10 }}
 |}
{{div col end}}

=== Other effects ===
Advanced maternal age is associated with adverse outcomes in the [[perinatal period]], which may be caused by detrimental effects on [[decidua]]l and [[placenta]]l development.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Nelson |first1=S.M. |last2=Telfer |first2=E.E. |last3=Anderson |first3=R.A. |date=1 January 2013 |title=The ageing ovary and uterus: New biological insights |journal=[[Human Reproduction Update]] |volume=19 |issue=1 |pages=67–83 |doi=10.1093/humupd/dms043 |pmid=23103636 |pmc=3508627}}</ref>

The risk of the mother dying before the child becomes an adult increases by more advanced maternal age, such as can be demonstrated by the following data from France in 2007:<ref name=Schmidt2011>{{cite journal |last1=Schmidt |first1=L. |last2=Sobotka |first2=T. |last3=Bentzen |first3=J.G. |last4=Nyboe Andersen |first4=A. |date=1 January 2012 |collaboration=ESHRE Reproduction and Society Task Force |title=Demographic and medical consequences of the postponement of parenthood |journal=[[Human Reproduction Update]] |volume=18 |issue=1 |pages=29–43 |doi=10.1093/humupd/dmr040 |doi-access=free |pmid=21989171}}</ref>
{|class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
! Maternal age at childbirth (years) 
|  20 || 25 || 30 || 35 || 40 || 45
|-
! Risk of mother not surviving to the child's 18th&nbsp;birthday (in [[percent|%]])<ref name=Schmidt2011 />
|  0.6% || 1.0% || 1.6% || 2.6% || 3.8% || 5.5%
|}

The above table is not to be confused with [[maternal mortality]].

Advanced maternal age continues to be associated with a range of adverse pregnancy outcomes including low birth weight, pre-term birth, stillbirth, unexplained fetal death, and increased rates of Caesarean section. However, over time, improvements in (and improvements in access to) medical services and social resources have decreased the negative association between older maternal age and low birth weight.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Goisis |first1=Alice |last2=Schneider |first2=Daniel C. |last3=Myrskylä |first3=Mikko |title=Secular changes in the association between advanced maternal age and the risk of low birth weight: A cross-cohort comparison in the UK |journal=[[Population Studies]] |date=2 September 2018 |volume=72 |issue=3 |pages=381–397 |doi=10.1080/00324728.2018.1442584 |pmid=29582702 |s2cid=2977607 |doi-access=free }}</ref>

According to a meta analysis from 2017 of 63 cohort studies and 12 case control studies, advanced maternal age(≥35 years) increased the risk of stillbirth ([[Odds ratio|OR]] 1.75, 95%CI 1.62 to 1.89). It also increased the risk for FGR (fetal growth restriction) (OR 1.23; 95%CI 1.01–1.52). It is suggested that the rise in the risk could be due to conditions related to placental pathology/dysfunction.<ref>{{Cite journal
 | last1 = Lean
 | first1 = Samantha C.
 | last2 = Derricott
 | first2 = Hayley
 | last3 = Jones
 | first3 = Rebecca L.
 | last4 = Heazell
 | first4 = Alexander E. P.
 | year = 2017
 | title = Advanced maternal age and adverse pregnancy outcomes: A systematic review and meta-analysis
 | journal = PLOS ONE
 | volume = 12
 | issue = 10
 | page = e0186287
 | doi = 10.1371/journal.pone.0186287
 | doi-access = free
 | pmid = 29040334
 | pmc = 5645107
 | bibcode = 2017PLoSO..1286287L
 }}</ref>

On the other hand, advanced maternal age is associated with a more stable family environment, higher socio-economic position, higher income and better living conditions, as well as better parenting practices<ref name=Schmidt2011/> (including better disciplinary methods<ref name=Trilgsgrd-Sommer-2018>{{cite journal |last1=Trillingsgaard |first1=Tea |last2=Sommer |first2=Dion |date=4 March 2018 |title=Associations between older maternal age, use of sanctions, and children's socio-emotional development through 7, 11, and 15&nbsp;years |journal=[[European Journal of Developmental Psychology]] |volume=15 |issue=2 |pages=141–155 |doi=10.1080/17405629.2016.1266248 |s2cid=53061283 |url=https://pure.au.dk/ws/files/121838837/Associations_between_older_maternal_age_Accepted_manuscript_2016.pdf |url-status=live |access-date=19 July 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180719210200/https://pure.au.dk/ws/files/121838837/Associations_between_older_maternal_age_Accepted_manuscript_2016.pdf |archive-date=19 July 2018}}</ref>). A qualitative study on couples in the United States who used in-vitro fertilization to conceive their first child when the woman was aged&nbsp;40 or older at the time of delivery found that 72% of the women and 57% of the men believed that they had enhanced emotional preparedness for parenting which benefitted both their children and themselves.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Mac Dougall |first1=K. |last2=Beyene |first2=Y. |last3=Nachtigall |first3=R.D. |date=1 April 2012 |title='Inconvenient biology': Advantages and disadvantages of first-time parenting after age&nbsp;40 using in vitro fertilization |journal=[[Human Reproduction (journal)|Human Reproduction]] |volume=27 |issue=4 |pages=1058–1065 |doi=10.1093/humrep/des007 |pmid=22333985 |pmc=3303492 }}</ref> In quantitative studies, mother's older age at first birth has been associated with increases in children's psychiatric health,<ref name=Goisis-2015>{{cite journal |last=Goisis |first=A. |date=2 September 2015 |title=How are children of older mothers doing? Evidence from the United Kingdom |journal=Biodemography and Social Biology |volume=61 |issue=3 |pages=231–251 |doi=10.1080/19485565.2014.1001887 |pmid=26652679 |s2cid=10071445 |url=http://eprints.lse.ac.uk/60602/1/__lse.ac.uk_storage_LIBRARY_Secondary_libfile_shared_repository_Content_Goisis%2C%20A_Children%20of%20older%20mothers_Goisis_Children%20of%20older%20mothers_2015.pdf |url-status=live |access-date=19 July 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180720054256/http://eprints.lse.ac.uk/60602/1/__lse.ac.uk_storage_LIBRARY_Secondary_libfile_shared_repository_Content_Goisis%2C%20A_Children%20of%20older%20mothers_Goisis_Children%20of%20older%20mothers_2015.pdf |archive-date=20 July 2018}}</ref> language skills,<ref name=Goisis-2015/> cognitive ability,<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Goisis |first1=Alice |last2=Schneider |first2=Daniel C. |last3=Myrskylä |first3=Mikko |date=1 June 2017 |title=The reversing association between advanced maternal age and child cognitive ability: Evidence from three U.K. birth cohorts |journal=[[International Journal of Epidemiology]] |volume=46 |issue=3 |pages=850–859 |doi=10.1093/ije/dyw354 |pmid=28177512 |pmc=5837600 }}</ref> and fewer social and emotional difficulties.<ref name=Trilgsgrd-Sommer-2018/> Further, a study in the United Kingdom showed that older maternal age at first birth was associated with fewer hospital admissions and fewer unintentional injuries for children up to age&nbsp;5 and a greater likelihood of having had all of their immunizations by 9&nbsp;months of age – all outcomes used as indicators of child wellbeing in reports from the World Health Organisation.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Sutcliffe |first1=A.G. |last2=Barnes |first2=J. |last3=Belsky |first3=J. |last4=Gardiner |first4=J. |last5=Melhuish |first5=E. |date=21 August 2012 |title=The health and development of children born to older mothers in the United Kingdom: Observational study using longitudinal cohort data |journal=BMJ: British Medical Journal |volume=345 |issue=7876 |pages=e5116 |doi=10.1136/bmj.e5116 |pmid=22915663 |pmc=3424227}}</ref>

Risks associated with childbearing over the age of 50 include an increased incidence of [[gestational diabetes]], [[hypertension]], delivery by [[caesarean section]], [[miscarriage]], [[preeclampsia]], and [[placenta previa]].<ref name="salihu"/><ref name="jonathan">{{cite web|last=Schienberg|first=Jonathan|date=November 9, 2004|url=http://www.cnn.com/2004/HEALTH/11/08/mom.57/index.html |archive-date=November 10, 2004 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20041110005651/http://www.cnn.com/2004/HEALTH/11/08/mom.57/index.html |title=New Age mystic to become mom at 57|website=CNN.com |access-date=March 4, 2007}}</ref>{{Unreliable medical source|date=April 2018}} In comparison to mothers between 20 and 29 years of age, mothers over 50 are at almost three times the risk of [[Birth weight|low birth weight]], [[premature birth]], and extremely premature birth; their risk of extremely low birth weight, small size for [[gestational age]], and [[perinatal mortality|fetal mortality]] was almost double.<ref>{{cite web|publisher=Lister Hill Center for Health Policy |date= October 31, 2003 |url=http://www.soph.uab.edu/isoph/LHC/Childbearing.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924104152/http://www.soph.uab.edu/isoph/LHC/Childbearing.pdf |archive-date= September 24, 2015 |title=Pregnancy After 50: More Risky Than We Thought? |access-date=September 11, 2014}}</ref>

== Changes in interpregnancy interval ==
Kalberer ''et al''.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Kalberer |first1=Urs |last2=Baud |first2=David |last3=Fontanet |first3=Arnaud |last4=Hohlfeld |first4=Patrick |last5=de&nbsp;Ziegler |first5=Dominique |date=December 2009 |title=Birth records from Swiss married couples analyzed over the past 35&nbsp;years reveal an aging of first-time mothers by 5.1 years while the interpregnancy interval has shortened |journal=Fertility and Sterility |volume=92 |issue=6 |pages=2072–2073 |doi=10.1016/j.fertnstert.2009.05.078 |pmid=19608170 |url=https://serval.unil.ch/resource/serval:BIB_19AEC7C94AAC.P001/REF.pdf |access-date=19 July 2019 |archive-date=19 July 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180719173543/https://serval.unil.ch/resource/serval:BIB_19AEC7C94AAC.P001/REF.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref> have shown that despite the older maternal age at birth of the first child, the time span between the birth of the first and the second child (the interpregnancy interval) decreased over the last decades. If purely biological factors were at work, it could be argued that interpregnancy interval should have increased, as fertility declines with age, which would make it harder for the woman to get a second child after postponed birth of the first one. This not being the case shows that sociologic factors (see above) prime over biological factors in determining interpregnancy interval.

With technology developments cases of [[post-menopausal]] pregnancies have occurred, and there are several known cases of [[Pregnancy over age 50|older women]] carrying a pregnancy to term, usually with [[in vitro fertilization]] of a donor egg. A 61-year-old Brazilian woman, aided by the implantation of a donor egg, gave birth to twins in October 2012.<ref>{{cite news |title=Woman, 61, pregnant |date=27 September 2011 |newspaper=[[The Sydney Morning Herald]] |url=http://www.smh.com.au/world/woman-61-pregnant-20110926-1ktkg.html |access-date=8 February 2013 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160427065626/http://www.smh.com.au/world/woman-61-pregnant-20110926-1ktkg.html |archive-date=27 April 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Moreno |first=Carolina |date=26 October 2012 |title=Look: 61&nbsp;year-old woman gives birth to twins |website=[[HuffPost]] (huffingtonpost.com) |url=http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2012/10/26/antonia-leticia-asti-61-year-old-mother-gives-birth-to-twins_n_2025486.html |access-date=13 October 2017 |archive-date=3 August 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160803085246/http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2012/10/26/antonia-leticia-asti-61-year-old-mother-gives-birth-to-twins_n_2025486.html |url-status=live }}</ref>

== Ovarian aging ==
As women age, they experience a decline in reproductive performance leading to [[menopause]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Menopause |website=medlineplus.gov |url=https://medlineplus.gov/menopause.html |url-status=live|access-date=2020-10-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201016204022/https://medlineplus.gov/menopause.html |archive-date=16 October 2020}}</ref> This decline is tied to a decline in the number of [[ovarian follicle]]s. Although about 1&nbsp;million [[oocyte]]s are present at birth in the human [[ovary]], only about 500&nbsp;of them (about 0.05%) [[Ovulation|ovulate]], and the rest do not ([[ovarian follicle atresia]]). The decline in [[ovarian reserve]] appears to occur at a constantly increasing rate with age,<ref name=pmid18192670>{{cite journal |vauthors=Hansen KR, Knowlton NS, Thyer AC, Charleston JS, Soules MR, Klein NA |year=2008 |title=A new model of reproductive aging: the decline in ovarian non-growing follicle number from birth to menopause |journal=[[Human Reproduction (journal)|Human Reproduction]] |volume=23 |issue=3 |pages=699–708 |pmid=18192670 |doi=10.1093/humrep/dem408 |doi-access=free }}</ref> and leads to nearly complete exhaustion of the reserve by about age&nbsp;51. As ovarian reserve and [[fertility]] decline with age, there is also a parallel increase in pregnancy failure and [[meiosis|meiotic]] errors resulting in chromosomally abnormal [[Fertilisation|conceptions]].

Titus ''et al''.<ref name=Titus>{{cite journal |vauthors=Titus S, Li F, Stobezki R, Akula K, Unsal E, Jeong K, Dickler M, Robson M, Moy F, Goswami S, Oktay K |year=2013 |title=Impairment of BRCA1-related DNA double-strand break repair leads to ovarian aging in mice and humans |journal=Sci Transl Med |volume=5 |issue=172 |page=172ra21 |pmid=23408054 |doi=10.1126/scitranslmed.3004925 |pmc=5130338}}</ref> have proposed an explanation for the decline in ovarian reserve with age. They showed that as women age, double-strand breaks accumulate in the DNA of their primordial follicles. Primordial follicles are immature primary oocytes surrounded by a single layer of [[granulosa cell]]s. An enzyme system is present in oocytes that normally accurately repairs DNA double-strand breaks. This repair system is referred to as [[homologous recombination]]al repair, and it is especially active during [[meiosis]]. Meiosis is the general process by which [[germ cell]]s are formed in [[eukaryote]]s, and it appears to be an adaptation for efficiently removing damages in germ line DNA by homologous recombinational repair (see [[Origin and function of meiosis]]). Human primary oocytes are present at an intermediate stage of meiosis, that is prophase&nbsp;I (see [[Oogenesis]]). Titus ''et al''.<ref name=Titus/> also showed that expression of four key [[DNA repair]] genes that are necessary for homologous recombinational repair (''[[BRCA1]]'', ''[[MRE11A|MRE11]]'', ''[[Rad51]]'' and ''[[Ataxia telangiectasia mutated|ATM]]'') decline in oocytes with age. This age-related decline in ability to repair double-strand damages can account for the accumulation of these damages, which then likely contributes to the decline in ovarian reserve.

Women with an inherited mutation in the DNA repair gene ''BRCA1'' undergo menopause prematurely,<ref name=pmid16773440>{{cite journal |vauthors=Rzepka-Górska I, Tarnowski B, Chudecka-Głaz A, Górski B, Zielińska D, Tołoczko-Grabarek A |year=2006 |title=Premature menopause in patients with BRCA1 gene mutation |journal=Breast Cancer Res. Treat. |volume=100 |issue=1 |pages=59–63 |pmid=16773440 |doi=10.1007/s10549-006-9220-1 |s2cid=19572648 }}</ref> suggesting that naturally occurring DNA damages in oocytes are repaired less efficiently in these women, and this inefficiency leads to early reproductive failure. [[Exome sequencing|Genomic]] data from about 70,000&nbsp;women were analyzed to identify protein-coding variation associated with age at natural menopause.<ref name=pmid26414677>{{cite journal |vauthors=Day FR, Ruth KS, Thompson DJ, et al. |year=2015 |title=Large-scale genomic analyses link reproductive aging to hypothalamic signaling, breast cancer susceptibility and BRCA1-mediated DNA repair |journal=Nat. Genet. |volume=47 |issue=11 |pages=1294–303 |pmid=26414677 |pmc=4661791 |doi=10.1038/ng.3412 }}</ref> Pathway analyses identified a major association with DNA damage response genes, particularly those expressed during meiosis and including a common [[Coding region|coding]] variant in the ''BRCA1'' gene.

==Epidemiology==
In the United States, between 1997 and 1999, 539 births were reported among mothers over age 50 (four per 100,000 births), with 194 being over 55.<ref name="salihu">{{cite journal |last1=Salihu |first1=H |last2=Shumpert |first2=MN |last3=Slay |first3=M |last4=Kirby |first4=RS |last5=Alexander |first5=GR |title=Childbearing beyond maternal age 50 and fetal outcomes in the United States |journal=Obstetrics & Gynecology |date=November 2003 |volume=102 |issue=5 |pages=1006–1014 |doi=10.1016/s0029-7844(03)00739-7 |pmid=14672478 |s2cid=20499725 }}</ref>

The oldest recorded mother to date to conceive was 74 years. According to statistics from the [[Human Fertilisation and Embryology Authority]], in the UK more than 20 babies are born to women over age 50 per year through [[in vitro fertilization]] with the use of donor [[oocyte]]s (eggs).<ref>{{Cite web |last=Hall |first=Sarah |date=2006-05-08 |title=Surge in number of children in UK born to mothers over 50 |url=http://www.theguardian.com/uk/2006/may/08/health.topstories3 |access-date=2007-03-29|website=The Guardian}}</ref>

== Examples ==
In the US, the average age at which women bore their first child advanced from 21.4 years old in 1970<ref>{{cite report |last=Mathews |first=T.J. |year=2009 |title=Delayed childbearing: More women are having their first child later in life |type=databrief |url=https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/databriefs/db21.pdf |publisher=U.S. [[Centers for Disease Control]] |access-date=26 August 2013 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171125130852/https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/databriefs/db21.pdf |archive-date=25 November 2017}}</ref> to 26.9 in 2018.<ref name=cdc-natality/>

The German [[Federal Institute for Population Research]] stated in 2015 the percentage for women with an age of at least 35 giving birth to a child was 25.9%. This figure rose from 7.6% in 1981.<ref>{{cite press release |title=Jedes vierte Neugeborene hat eine Mutter über 34&nbsp;Jahre |trans-title=Every fourth newborn has a mother aged over 34&nbsp;years |lang=de |website=bib-demografie.de |place=Wiesbaden, DE |publisher=Bundesinstitut für Bevölkerungsforschung [Federal Institute for Population Research] |url=http://www.bib-demografie.de/SharedDocs/Publikationen/DE/Download/Grafik_des_Monats/2017-12-20-Jedes-vierte-Neugeborene-hat-eine-Mutter-ueber-34-Jahre.pdf?__blob=publicationFile&v=4 |access-date=20 December 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171222052205/http://www.bib-demografie.de/SharedDocs/Publikationen/DE/Download/Grafik_des_Monats/2017-12-20-Jedes-vierte-Neugeborene-hat-eine-Mutter-ueber-34-Jahre.pdf?__blob=publicationFile&v=4 |archive-date=22 December 2017 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

[[Maria del Carmen Bousada de Lara]] formerly held the record of being the oldest verified mother; she was aged 66 years 358 days when she gave birth to twins, 130 days older than [[Adriana Iliescu]], who gave birth in 2005 to a baby girl. In both cases, the children were conceived through IVF with donor eggs.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/health/8152002.stm |title=Health &#124; World's oldest mother dies at 69 |work=BBC News |date=2009-07-15 |access-date=2012-11-08}}</ref> The oldest verified mother to conceive naturally (listed currently {{As of|2017|January|26|lc=y}} in the [[Guinness Records]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.guinnessworldrecords.com/world-records/12000/oldest-mother-to-conceive-naturally- |title=Oldest mother to conceive naturally |publisher=Guinnessworldrecords.com |date=1997-08-20 |access-date=2012-11-08}}</ref>) is Dawn Brooke (Guernsey); she conceived a son at the age of 59 in 1997.<ref>{{Cite news | url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/1562591/Worlds-oldest-mother-thought-it-was-cancer.html | title=World's oldest mother 'thought it was cancer'| date=2007-09-09| last=Borland| first=Sophie}}</ref>

[[Erramatti Mangamma]], who gave birth at the age of 73 through [[in-vitro fertilisation]] via [[caesarean section]] in the city of [[Hyderabad]], India, currently holds the record for being the oldest living mother. She delivered twin baby girls, making her also the oldest mother to give birth to twins.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.timesnownews.com/health/article/erramatti-mangamm-74-year-old-andhra-woman-delivers-twin-girls-may-be-the-oldest-mother-to-give-birth/483161|title=74-year-old Andhra woman delivers twin girls, may be the oldest ever to give birth|website=timesnownews.com|date=5 September 2019 |language=en|access-date=2019-09-06}}</ref>
The previous record for being the oldest living mother was held by Daljinder Kaur Gill from [[Amritsar]], India, who gave birth to a baby boy at age 72 through in-vitro fertilisation.

===List===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Age
! Date
! Name
! Country
! Notes
|-
| {{Ntsh|50}} 50 years
| {{Hs|1865-01-01}} 1865
| {{sort|L|Ann Barlow|nolink=1}}
| United Kingdom
| According to family records, gave birth to Mary Mitchell at the age of 50 in 1865.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:V5RP-FHF|title=FamilySearch|website=Familytsearch.org|access-date=3 May 2022}}</ref>
|-
| {{Ntsh|50}} 50 years
| {{Hs|1996-07-01}} July 1996
| {{sortname|Judy|Bershak|nolink=1}}
| United States
| Judy Bershak of [[Los Angeles]], California, gave birth to her first child, daughter Sarah, in 1996 at the age of 50. Bershak got married at the age of 44, and after failing in conceiving naturally and adopting, she went through [[in vitro fertilization]] (IVF) treatment with oocyte donation and became pregnant after first attempt.<ref name="wrinkle">{{Cite web|url=https://usatoday30.usatoday.com/news/nation/2003-01-22-older-moms-usat_x.htm|title=A wrinkle on motherhood|website=Usatoday30.usatoday.com|access-date=3 May 2022}}</ref>
|-
| {{Ntsh|50}} 50 years
| {{Hs|1997-02-20}} February 1997
| {{sortname|Cheryl|Fillippini|nolink=1}}
| United States
| Cheryl Fillippini of [[Lompoc, California|Lompoc]], California, gave birth to quadruplets, three girls, Rebekah, Amanda, and Sydney, and a boy, Robert, on February 20, 1997, by Caesarean section, in Santa Barbara, at the age of 50, after IVF treatment. Fillippini and her husband had 10 children altogether from their previous marriages, but wanted to have a child together.<ref name="auto">{{Cite web|url=https://www.latimes.com/archives|title=Archives|newspaper=[[Los Angeles Times]]|access-date=3 May 2022}}</ref>
|-
| {{Ntsh|50}} 50 years
| {{Hs|2001-04-03}} April 2001
| {{sortname|Tsuya|Otake|nolink=1}}
| United States
| Tsuya Otake gave birth to a daughter, [[Ashima Shiraishi]], who would become a world class rock climber.<ref name="outsideonline">{{cite web |title=The Making of a Climbing Prodigy |url=https://www.outsideonline.com/2114731/making-climbing-prodigy |access-date=2018-01-14|date=2016-09-26 }}</ref>
|-
| {{Ntsh|50}} 50 years
| {{Hs|2010-05-22}} May 2010
| {{sortname|Heather Elizabeth|Parisi|nolink=1}}
| Italy
| Heather Elizabeth Parisi, Italian-American singer and actress, already mother of two daughters of her previous unions, Rebecca Jewel Manenti, 16, and Jacqueline Lune di Giacomo, 10, gave birth on May 22, 2010, in [[Vicenza]], Italy, to twins, a girl and a boy, Elizabeth Jaden and Dylan Maria, naturally conceived with her 42-year-old third husband, contractor Umberto Maria Anzolin.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://gossip.pourfemme.it/articolo/heather-parisi-mamma-felice-a-50-anni/8303/ |title=Heather Parisi, mamma felice a 50 anni &#124; Pour Femme |publisher=Gossip.pourfemme.it |access-date=2012-08-13}}</ref>
|-
| {{Ntsh|50}} 50 years
| {{Hs|2010-06-01}} June 2010
| {{sortname|Svetlana|Krupenik|nolink=1}}
| Ukraine
| Svetlana Krupenik gave birth to a girl in [[Kyiv]], Ukraine, in June 2010, at the age of 50, after IVF treatment. She and her 62-year-old husband were trying to conceive for 30 years.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://medicina.ua/presscenter/news/itm/3816 |title=Киевлянка родила в 50 лет - Портал |publisher=Medicina.ua |access-date=2012-08-13}}</ref>
|-
| {{Ntsh|50}} 50 years
| {{Hs|2010-08-01}} August 2010
| {{sortname|Aggie|Ezekiel|nolink=1}}
| Canada
| Aggie Ezekiel of [[Edmonton]], Alberta, already a mother of three adult daughters with her husband Johnny Ezekiel, gave birth in August 2010 to her own granddaughter Clare at the age of 50 years and 9 months. She chose to act as a surrogate mother for her daughter, Tinna (age 28), who happened to be born without a uterus and had one of her ovaries removed at the age of 21. Aggie had been premenopausal for two years and could not produce the child herself, so she had to take fertilization hormones such as [[estrogen]] to boost her menstrual cycles so that the matrix can accommodate two to seven eggs retrieved from her daughter and fertilized in vitro with the sperm from her daughter's partner, Wilson Brown. One of the two implanted embryos happened to appear in a lateral position in Aggie's uterus as a result of which she delivered her granddaughter through caesarean section. The girl weighed {{Cvt|8.69|lb}} and did not breathe on her own. As a result, she was placed on an [[ventilator]] machine for an hour to clear her lungs.<ref>{{cite web|last=Zdeb|first=Chris|date=May 12, 2013|url=https://edmontonjournal.com/health/gives+daughter+ultimate+gift+motherhood+itself/8369562/story.html |title= Mom gives her daughter the ultimate gift — motherhood itself|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130608065623/http://www.edmontonjournal.com/health/gives+daughter+ultimate+gift+motherhood+itself/8369562/story.html |archive-date=2013-06-08 |website=Edmonton Journal |access-date=2013-06-03}}</ref> Tinna and Wilson separated shortly before the birth of their daughter. The young biological mother decided to bring the child to [[Fort McMurray]], 330&nbsp;km north-east of Edmonton with her husband, Sean Noseworthy.
|-
| {{Ntsh|50}} 50 years
| {{Hs|2011-01-01}} January 2011
| {{sortname|Seiko|Noda}}
| Japan
| Japanese politician [[Seiko Noda]] gave birth to a boy in [[Tokyo]] conceived through in-vitro fertilization. After years of unsuccessful fertility treatments and several miscarriages, Noda decided to receive assistance from an American egg donor.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Fujita |first=Akiko |title=Japanese Politician Sparks Maternity Debate After Giving Birth at 50 |url=https://abcnews.go.com/International/japanese-politician-seiko-noda-birth-50-sparks-debate/story?id=12562011 |date=2011-01-07 |access-date=2013-02-12 |website=ABC News}}</ref>
|-
| {{Ntsh|50}} 50 years
| {{Hs|2011-06-15}} June 2011
| {{sortname|Anthea|Nicholas|nolink=1}}
| Australia
| Anthea Nicholas, from [[Gold Coast, Queensland]], Australia, is believed to be the oldest primigravida having naturally conceived in Australia. Anthea and her husband Peter were told in 2006 that they could not have children. As a result of a medical concern, in 2010, Peter researched and developed a personal diet and health regime which enabled him to return to perfect health and subsequently corrected a sperm imperfection, which, within months of his recovery, resulted in the completely unexpected pregnancy of Anthea, while she presented then clinical signs of menopause. Anthea gave birth to her son, Nicholas Jay, on June 15, 2011.<ref>{{cite news |last=Waters |first=Georgia |date=27 July 2011 |title=Australia's oldest 'natural' first-time mum |work=[[Brisbane Times]] |url=http://www.brisbanetimes.com.au/lifestyle/life/australias-oldest-natural-firsttime-mum-20110727-1hzk0.html |access-date=12 August 2012}}<!-- ATTENTION: Although this article says husband's name is Paul, per two other sources it is Peter --></ref><ref>{{cite news |url=http://aww.ninemsn.com.au/news/inthemag/8277597/i-had-a-baby-at-50-without-ivf |title=I had a baby at 50 – without IVF |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130722141612/http://aww.ninemsn.com.au/news/inthemag/8277597/i-had-a-baby-at-50-without-ivf |archive-date=2013-07-22 |first=Leigh |last=Reinhold |work=Australian Women's Weekly |date=July 27, 2011 |access-date=August 12, 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |first=Michael |last=Usher |url=http://sixtyminutes.ninemsn.com.au/article.aspx?id=8278970 |title=The Late Bloomer |work=[[60 Minutes (Australian TV program)|60 Minutes]] |date=July 29, 2011 |access-date=August 12, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121027045617/http://sixtyminutes.ninemsn.com.au/article.aspx?id=8278970 |archive-date=October 27, 2012 }}</ref>
|-
| {{Ntsh|50}} 50 years
| {{Hs|2013-12-15}} December 2013
| {{sort|Tina|[[Tina Malone]]}}
| United Kingdom
| English actress [[Tina Malone]] gave birth to a baby girl in December 2013 at the age of 50, after IVF treatment.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.mirror.co.uk/3am/celebrity-news/tina-malone-tweets-delight-after-2936502|title=Congratulations! Tina Malone gives birth to baby girl Flame two weeks early|first=Jess|last=Wilson|date=December 17, 2013|website=mirror}}</ref>
|-
| {{Ntsh|50}} 50 years
| {{Hs|2015-07-07}} July 2015
| {{sort|Sophie|[[Sophie B. Hawkins]]}}
| United States
| American singer [[Sophie B. Hawkins]] gave birth to a baby girl named Esther Ballantine Hawkins on July 7, 2015, at the age of 50, after IVF treatment.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.usmagazine.com/celebrity-moms/news/sophie-b-hawkins-welcomes-a-baby-girl-singer-gives-birth-at-age-50-2015107/|title=Sophie B. Hawkins Welcomes a Baby Girl at Age 50: First Photo!|date=July 10, 2015}}</ref>
|-
| {{Ntsh|50}} 50 years
| {{Hs|2017-01-03}} January 2017
| {{sort|Janet|[[Janet Jackson]]}}
| United States
| <ref>
{{cite news |title=Janet Jackson announces birth of first child – a baby boy – at age of 50 |publisher=Telegraph |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2017/01/03/janet-jackson-announces-birth-first-child-50/ |date=January 4, 2017 |access-date=December 14, 2017}}
</ref>
|-
| {{Ntsh|50}} 50 years
| {{Hs|2018-04-01}} April 2018
| {{sort|Tammy|[[Tammy Duckworth]]}}
| United States
| American politician [[Tammy Duckworth]] gave birth to her second child, a girl named Maile, in April 2018, at the age of 50, after IVF treatment.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.nyfertility.org/infertilty-blog/news/tammy-duckworth-first-us-senator-give-birth-using-ivf|title=Tammy Duckworth To Be First US Senator To Give Birth Using IVF|date=February 5, 2018|website=nyfertility.org|access-date=April 18, 2019|archive-date=April 18, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190418233426/https://www.nyfertility.org/infertilty-blog/news/tammy-duckworth-first-us-senator-give-birth-using-ivf|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://thehill.com/blogs/blog-briefing-room/news/394723-duckworth-joins-womens-capitol-protest-with-baby/|title=Duckworth joins women's Capitol protest with baby|first=Aris|last=Folley|website=Thehill.com|date=28 June 2018|access-date=3 May 2022}}</ref>
|-
| {{Ntsh|50}} 50 years
| {{Hs|2018-10-01}} October 2018
| {{sortname|Tracey|Britten|nolink=1}}
| United Kingdom
| Tracey Britten, 50, gave birth to twin girls, another baby girl and a boy via caesarean section in October 2018, after IVF treatment, becoming Britain's oldest mother of quadruplets.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.lep.co.uk/health/tracey-britten-celebrates-being-britain-s-oldest-mum-of-quadruplets-and-her-babies-first-birthdays-in-preston-1-10069947|title = Tracey Britten celebrates being Britain's oldest mum of quadruplets, and her babies' first birthdays in Preston|website=Lep.co.uk| date=26 October 2019 }}</ref>
|-
| {{Ntsh|50}} 50 years
| {{Hs|2018-12-27}} December 2018
| {{sortname|Michele|Hall|nolink=1}}
| United States
| Michele Hall of [[Golden Gate, Florida]], already a mother of four, gave birth in December 2018 to a baby boy, Grayson Matthew, at the age of 50.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.naplesnews.com/story/news/local/2019/02/28/golden-gate-estates-mom-gets-fresh-start-motherhood-age-50/2282592002/|title=Golden Gate Estates grandma delivers surprise baby, restarts motherhood at 50|first=Ashley|last=Collins|website=Naplesnews.com|access-date=3 May 2022}}</ref>
|-
| {{Ntsh|50}} 50 years
| {{Hs|2018-12-27}}October 2021
| {{sortname|Alanna|Linsmeier|nolink=1}}
| United States
| Alanna Linsmeier of St Paul, Minnesota gave birth to a baby boy Frank Linsmeier in October 2021.{{Citation needed|date=December 2024}}
|-
| {{Ntsh|50}} 51 years
| {{Hs|2018-12-27}}1822
| {{sortname|Princess Maria Christina|of Saxony|Princess Maria Christina of Saxony (1770-1851)}}
| France
| Her first husband was the Prince of Carignano, who died in 1800. Through this marriage she had two children and was the grandmother of the first king of Italy. Started relationship with second husband in 1806 and had two children. She married him in 1810 and had another child in 1814 before having her only daughter from this union in 1822. 
|-
| {{Ntsh|51}} 51 years
| {{Hs|1988-01-01}} 1988
| {{sort|Irina|Irina}}
| Russia
| Irina had an accident at the age of 25 and was told by the doctors that she was unable to have children. Later she married, and after many years of marriage eventually became pregnant and gave birth to her only son at the age of 51 in 1988.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.pravmir.ru/babushka-da-vy-beremenny/ |language=ru |title=Бабушка, да вы беременны! |trans-title=Grandma, you are pregnant!|first=Elena |last=Kucherenko}}</ref>
|-
| {{Ntsh|51}} 51 years
| {{Hs|1991-01-01}} 1991
| {{sortname|Edith|Jones|nolink=1}}
| United Kingdom
| Edith Jones gave birth to her granddaughter in 1991, at the age of 51, acting as a surrogate mother for her daughter Suzanne Langston, who was born without a womb.<ref name="worldnews-1453012">{{Cite web|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/asia/india/1453012/Woman-gives-birth-to-her-grandchildren.html|title=Woman gives birth to her grandchildren|first=David |last=Derbyshire|date=January 30, 2004|via=telegraph.co.uk}}</ref>
|-
| {{Ntsh|51}} 51 years
| {{Hs|1997-03-17}} March 1997
| {{sortname|Adrienne|Barbeau}}
| United States
| American actress [[Adrienne Barbeau]] gave birth to twin sons, Walker Steven and William Dalton, on March 17, 1997, at the age of 51. After marrying [[Billy Van Zandt]] in 1992 she started trying to have a child, tried IVF unsuccessfully, but later became pregnant naturally.<ref>{{cite journal | journal=Journal of Legal Medicine | volume=18 | issue=3 | date=1997 | title=Infertility and in vitro fertilization : A growing need for consumer-oriented regulation of the in vitro fertilization industry | author=Keith Alan Byers | pages=265–313 | doi=10.1080/01947649709511037 | pmid=9394923 | url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/01947649709511037 | url-access=subscription | access-date=July 10, 2024}}</ref>
|-
| {{Ntsh|51}} 51 years
| {{Hs|1995-07-07}} July 1995
|Bodo woman
|India
|Limca World book of records 1999 – A 51-year-old woman gave birth to a 1.9 kg test tube baby on July 7, 1995, at the Institute of Human Reproduction. She was treated by Dr M.L. Goenka. Dr M.L. Goenka is the founder of IHR Gwuhatai, IHR Kolkata and IHR Siliguri.
|-
| {{Ntsh|51}} 51 years
| {{Hs|2000-01-01}} 2000
| {{sortname|Elizabeth|Edwards}}
| United States
| [[Elizabeth Edwards]], wife of the former [[U.S. Senator]] and [[Vice President of the United States|Vice Presidential]] nominee [[John Edwards]], gave birth to son Jack in 2000 at the age of 51. The couple decided to have more children after one of their two children—a 16-year-old son—was killed in a car accident in 1996. Mrs. Edwards had also had a daughter, Emma Claire, at the age of 49. Some fertility experts believe she used a donor's oocytes; Elizabeth Edwards remained silent on this question.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Redfearn |first=Suz |date=2004-10-29 |title=Did Elizabeth Edwards use donor eggs? |url=https://slate.com/technology/2004/10/did-elizabeth-edwards-use-donor-eggs.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220930200329/https://slate.com/technology/2004/10/did-elizabeth-edwards-use-donor-eggs.html |archive-date=September 30, 2022|access-date=2023-01-13 |website=Slate Magazine |language=en}}</ref>
|-
| {{Ntsh|51}} 51 years
| November 2020
| Julie Loving
| United States
| Julie Loving decided to step in and become a gestational surrogate for her daughter Breanna Lockwood, who is infertile.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://people.com/human-interest/mother-carries-daughters-baby/|date=June 25, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220703065906/https://people.com/human-interest/mother-carries-daughters-baby/|archive-date=July 3, 2022|title=51-Year-Old Mother Serves as Her Daughter's Surrogate After She Is Unable to Get Pregnant|website=People.com|access-date=3 May 2022}}</ref>
|-
| {{Ntsh|51}} 51 years
| {{Hs|2001-08-01}} August 2001
| {{sortname|Morgan|Zantua|nolink=1}}
| United States
| Morgan Zantua, of [[Tacoma, Washington|Tacoma]], Washington, gave birth to her first child, daughter Auriel, on August 1, 2001, in Los Angeles, at the age of 51. She was married a second time at age 44, had a miscarriage and decided not to try to have children, and then unexpectedly found out she was pregnant at age 51.<ref name="wrinkle" />
|-
| {{Ntsh|51}} 51 years
| {{Hs|2006-12-01}} December 2006
| {{sortname|Sarajean|Grainson|nolink=1}}
| United States
| Sarajean Grainson of [[Long Island]], New York, gave birth to a son, Luke, in December 2006 at the age of 51, after IVF treatment with oocytes donation. Grainson and her second husband David, former priest, had twins, Matthew and David, in June 2008. Sarajean Grainson also had three adult children from her first marriage.<ref name="53-year-old gives birth to twins">{{Cite web|url=http://abclocal.go.com/wabc/story?section=news/local&id=6872262|title=53-year-old gives birth to twins |date=2 November 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131102115357/http://abclocal.go.com/wabc/story?section=news/local&id=6872262 |access-date=3 May 2022|archive-date=2013-11-02 }}</ref>
|-
| {{Ntsh|51}} 51 years
| {{Hs|2007-09-28}} September 2007
| {{sortname|Rosinete|Palmeira Serrão|nolink=1}}
| Brazil
| Rosinete Palmeira Serrão gave birth to her own twin grandsons, Antonio Bento and Vitor Gabriel, at a hospital in [[Recife]], Brazil, on September 28, 2007, at the age of 51, after choosing to act as a [[surrogacy|gestational surrogate]] for her 27-year-old daughter, Claudia Michelle Serrão Pereira, who had tried to become pregnant for four years. Under Brazilian law, a surrogate mother is required to be one's close relative, so Serrao volunteered because Claudia had no sisters. The children were conceived through [[artificial insemination]] using Claudia's eggs and her husband's sperm.<ref>{{Cite web |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210308192032/https://www.smh.com.au/world/woman-gives-birth-to-own-grandchildren-20070929-gdr86v.html |archive-date=March 8, 2021 |date=2007-09-29 |title=Woman gives birth to own grandchildren |url=https://www.smh.com.au/world/woman-gives-birth-to-own-grandchildren-20070929-gdr86v.html |access-date=October 3, 2007 |website=The Sydney Morning Herald}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090207203353/http://news.sky.com/skynews/Home/Sky-News-Archive/Article/20080641286369|archive-date=February 7, 2009|url=http://news.sky.com/skynews/article/0,,30200-1286369,00.html |title=Woman Gives Birth To Own Grandchildren|date=September 30, 2007|website=Sky News|access-date=October 3, 2007}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.canada.com/edmontonjournal/news/story.html?id=0a1d0fcb-f0b2-457f-bd81-210e16143d1a|title=Woman bears her own grandchildren|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071029035305/http://www.canada.com/edmontonjournal/news/story.html?id=0a1d0fcb-f0b2-457f-bd81-210e16143d1a|archive-date=2007-10-29|date=October 1, 2007|work=[[Edmonton Journal]]|access-date=October 3, 2007}}</ref>
|-
| {{Ntsh|51}} 51 years
| {{Hs|2009-12-01}} December 2009
| {{sortname|Anita|Makhtur|nolink=1}}
| India
| Anita Makhtur, previously childless Indian woman, gave birth to twin boys in December 2009, at the age of 51, after IVF treatment. She was unable to get pregnant for 23 years because of fibroma uteri and had two unsuccessful attempts of IVF. She is probably the oldest woman who had IVF using her own unfrozen oocytes.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://expressindia.indianexpress.com/latest-news/anita-a-mother-at-51-courtesy-own-eggs/685906/ |title=Anita, a mother at 51, courtesy own eggs |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130615193500/http://expressindia.indianexpress.com/latest-news/anita-a-mother-at-51-courtesy-own-eggs/685906/ |archive-date=2013-06-15 }}</ref>
|-
| {{Ntsh|51}} 51 years
| {{Hs|2012-10-31}} October 2012
| {{sortname|Naomi|Gryn|nolink=1}}
| United Kingdom
| English writer and filmmaker Naomi Gryn, daughter of British [[Movement for Reform Judaism|Reform]] [[rabbi]] and broadcaster [[Hugo Gryn]], gave birth to her first child, a daughter Sadie Inez Liberty Joy, at [[UCLH]] on October 31, 2012, at the age of 51, after IVF treatment.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.iol.co.za/lifestyle/family/parenting/what-mothers-most-regret-1672337|title=What mothers most regret|website=Iol.co.za|access-date=3 May 2022}}</ref>
|-
| {{Ntsh|51}} 51 years
| {{Hs|2013-01-01}} 2013
| {{sortname|Rashmi|Verma|nolink=1}}
| India
|  Mrs (Dr.) Rashmi Verma gave birth to a daughter (Lalli) in Delhi India in 2013 at the age of 51. Mrs. Rashmi Verma and her husband decided to go through fertility treatment after accidental death of their only child Amritanshu Verma.<ref name="Amritanshu">{{cite web |url=http://www.ilasting.com/amritanshuverma.php |title=Amritanshu Verma Memorial Website (1986-2012) |website=ilasting.com |access-date=22 May 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130614022948/http://www.ilasting.com/amritanshuverma.php |archive-date=14 June 2013 }}</ref>
|-
| {{Ntsh|51}} 51 years
| {{Hs|2015-01-01}} 2015
| {{sortname|Sebastiana|Maria da Conceicao|nolink=1}}
| Brazil
| Sebastiana Maria da Conceicao, gave birth to her 21st child in the city of Aracaju, Brazil in May 2015, at the age of 51. The little boy joined the family of 10 brothers and 10 sisters, of whom 18 were alive. "I had my first son when I was 13, I was still a child, I didn't know much. But after, at an older age, I started to have one after the other," Sebastiana said.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://g1.globo.com/se/sergipe/noticia/2015/05/mulher-de-51-anos-da-luz-ao-21-filho-em-aracaju-e-diz-que-quer-mais.html |title=G1 – Mulher de 51 anos dá à luz 21º filho em Aracaju e diz que quer mais – notícias em Sergipe |work=Sergipe|date=2015-05-16 }}</ref>
|-
| {{Ntsh|51}} 51 years
| {{Hs|2018-06-04}} June 2018
| {{sortname|Julia|Zhabyko|nolink=1}}
| Russia
| Julia Zhabyko, gave birth to triplets, two sons and a daughter, in [[Vladivostok]], [[Russia]] in June 2018, at the age of 51, after IVF treatment.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.dv.kp.ru/daily/26840.7/3881459/|script-title=ru:"Мамой стать никогда не поздно": жительница Владивостока в 51 год родила сразу тройню |author=Оксана Киселёва |work=Комсомольской правды |date=June 9, 2018}}</ref>
|-
| {{Ntsh|51}} 51 years
| {{Hs|2019-12-01}} December 2019
| {{sortname|Lorraine|Chan|nolink=1}}
| United States
| Lorraine Chan was 51 when she gave birth a son in December 2019.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://eastweek.my-magazine.me/main/94855|title="豪花百萬秘密雪卵爆51歲古巨基老婆 美國生仔內情|date=March 22, 2020|website=eastweek.my-magazine.me}}</ref>
|-
| {{Ntsh|51}} 51 years
| {{Hs|2023-10-26}} October 2023
| {{sortname|Victoria|Coren Mitchell}}
| United Kingdom
| British TV presenter [[Victoria Coren Mitchell]], wife of comedian [[David Mitchell (comedian)|David Mitchell]], gave birth to a daughter, June, on October 26th 2023. The couple also have an older child, born in 2015.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/entertainment-arts-67296329|title="Victoria Coren Mitchell announces birth of second child"|website=BBC News|date=2 November 2023}}</ref>
|-
| {{Ntsh|52}} 52 years
| {{Hs|1999-11-01}} November 1999
| {{sortname|Helen|Schermerhorn Morris|nolink=1}}
| United States
| Helen Morris was 52 when she gave birth to her daughter [[Francesca Scorsese]] in November 1999.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.nydailynews.com/archives/gossip/scorsese-littlest-leading-lady-article-1.857143|title=Scorsese's Littlest Leading Lady|first1=George|last1=Rush|first2=Joanna|last2=Molloy|first3=Marcus|last3=Baram|first4=Marc S. |last4=Malkin|website=nydailynews.com|date=17 November 1999 }}</ref>
|-
| {{Ntsh|52}} 52 years
| {{Hs|2001-10-01}} October 2001
| {{sortname|Annie|Leibovitz}}
| United States
| American portrait [[photography|photographer]] [[Annie Leibovitz]] was 52 when she gave birth to her daughter Sarah in October 2001.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.jillstanek.com/pop-culture/annie-leibovitz.html |title=Annie Leibovitz |work=Jill Stanek |access-date=2013-04-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130120103318/http://www.jillstanek.com/pop-culture/annie-leibovitz.html |archive-date=2013-01-20 }}</ref>
|- 
| {{Ntsh|52}} 52 years
| {{Hs|2003-08-28}} August 2003
| {{sortname|Lyudmila|Belyavskaya|nolink=1}}
| Russia
| Lyudmila Belyavskaya, second wife of Russian actor [[Aleksandr Belyavsky (actor)|Aleksandr Belyavsky]], gave birth to her first child, daughter Alexandra, in [[Moscow]], Russia, on August 28, 2003, at the age of 52, after a natural conception.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://fictionbook.ru/author/fedor_razzakov/strast/read_online.html?page=10|title=Книга Страсть читать онлайн бесплатно, автор Федор Раззаков на Fictionbook, cтраница 10|website=fictionbook.ru}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://rusactors.ru/b/belyavski/|title=Александр Белявский - Биография - Актеры советского и российского кино|website=rusactors.ru}}</ref>
|-
| {{Ntsh|52}} 52 years
| {{Hs|2004-12-??}} December 2004
| [[Hazell Dean]]
| United Kingdom
| Her daughter was born in December 2004
|-
| {{Ntsh|52}} 52 years
| {{Hs|2008-06-01}} June 2008
| {{sortname|Karen|Johnston|nolink=1}}
| United Kingdom
| Karen Johnston of [[Bicester]], England, gave birth to a girl, Willow, in June 2008, at the age of 52, after undergoing IVF treatment in Czech Republic. She was already a mother of seven, always alternating boy and girl also—Daniel (33), Jemma (28), Scott (27), Amy (26), Aiden (17), Bethany (14), Joseph (13), and had a set of twins—Imogen and Asa—in July 2010 also after IVF treatment in the same Czech clinic.<ref name="54-year-old gives birth to twins">{{cite web |url=http://www.upi.com/Odd_News/2010/06/07/54-year-old-gives-birth-to-twins/UPI-75791275923015/ |title=54-year-old gives birth to twins |date=7 June 2010 |work=UPI}}</ref>
|-
| {{Ntsh|52}} 52 years
| {{Hs|2011-01-10}} January 2011
| {{sortname|Catherine|Colonges|nolink=1}}
| France
| Catherine Colonges, French woman from Togo, of Limogne-en-Quercy, Lot, France, gave birth to triplets, a girl Léonore, and two boys, Elian and Alexis, in [[Toulouse]], France, at the age of 52, after conceiving naturally with her husband Alain. Mrs Colonges already has a 30-year-old and a 27-year-old son, a 15-year-old daughter and three grandchildren.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://uk.lifestyle.yahoo.com/family-parenting/grandmother-gives-birth-to-triplets-blog-7-yahoo-lifestyles.html |title=Grandmother gives birth to triplets &#124; - Yahoo! Lifestyle UK |publisher=Uk.lifestyle.yahoo.com |date=2011-02-08 |access-date=2012-08-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110211202048/http://uk.lifestyle.yahoo.com/family-parenting/grandmother-gives-birth-to-triplets-blog-7-yahoo-lifestyles.html |archive-date=2011-02-11 }}</ref>
|-
| {{Ntsh|52}} 52 years
| {{Hs|2012-10-05}} October 2012
| {{sortname|Shakuntala|Devi|nolink=1}}
| India
| Shakuntala Devi from India gave birth to her second son at the age of 52, after conceiving naturally with her husband Ramjit Raghav, aged 96. She gave birth to her first child in 2010 at the age of 50.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://metro.co.uk/2012/10/18/worlds-oldest-dad-ramajit-raghav-96-fathers-second-baby-in-two-years-602775/ |title=World's oldest dad, 96, fathers second baby in two years |date=October 18, 2012 |website=[[Metro (British newspaper)|Metro]] }}</ref><ref>{{Cite magazine|url=https://newsfeed.time.com/2012/10/18/worlds-oldest-dad-96-fathers-another-child/|title=World's Oldest Dad, 96, Fathers Another Child|first=JuJu|last=Kim|date=18 October 2012|access-date=3 May 2022|magazine=[[Time (magazine)|Time]]}}</ref>
|-
| {{Ntsh|52}} 52 years
| {{Hs|2019-07-08}} July 2019
| {{sort|Chan|Lilian Chan Lai-lai}}
| Hong Kong
| <ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.mpweekly.com/entertainment/focus/local/20190714-162851|script-title=zh:52歲太太誕下「小黃妃」 黃澤鋒：生死一瞬間|language=zh|publisher=Ming Pao Weekly|date=July 14, 2019|access-date=July 15, 2019}}</ref>
|-
| {{Ntsh|52}} 52 years, 4 months
| {{Hs|1757-06-11}} June 1757
| {{sortname|Julienne|Despeignes Blouin|nolink=1}}
| France
| Julienne Despeignes wife Blouin, French woman from [[Ercé-en-Lamée]], in [[Brittany]], 35&nbsp;km south [[Rennes, France|Rennes]], France, born on February 13, 1705, gave birth to her last daughter, Magdelaine, on June 11, 1757, at the age of 52 years and almost 4 months, after conceiving naturally with her husband Pierre. Mrs. Blouin born Despeignes had already had 12 children, of which, at 44 years, in February 1749, before having two others, at 45 and 49 years, two twins of opposite sex, as she herself had a twin brother.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.planete-genealogie.fr/matt050283/genealogie_faucheux-testac/fiche/individu/?IndiID=25366 |title=Heredis Online |language=fr |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130604182802/http://www.planete-genealogie.fr/matt050283/genealogie_faucheux-testac/fiche/individu/?IndiID=25366 |archive-date=2013-06-04 }}</ref>
|-
| {{Ntsh|53}} 53 years
| 1814
| [[John Armstrong Jr.#Personal life|Alida Armstrong]]
| United States
| Alida Armstrong, wife of then-[[United States Secretary of War]] Robert Armstrong, was delivered of her seventh and last child William a full 13 years after the birth of her last previous child.
|-
| {{Ntsh|53}} 53 years
| {{Hs|1992-11-10}} November 1992
| {{sortname|Mary|Shearing|nolink=1}}
| United States
| Mary Shearing, a 53-year-old [[California]]n woman, former amateur body builder, became pregnant with the help of medical technology in [[New York City]], after marrying 7 years earlier Don Shearing, a 21 years younger man. She gave birth on November 10, 1992, to about 12 weeks premature twin girls, at Martin Luther Hospital. The first baby, Amy Leigh, born naturally, was {{Cvt|2|lb|2|oz|2}}. Her sister, Kelly Ann, born by Caesarean section, weighed {{Cvt|2|lb|12.5|oz|2}}.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://articles.latimes.com/keyword/mary-shearing |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130219070121/http://articles.latimes.com/keyword/mary-shearing |url-status=dead |archive-date=February 19, 2013 |title=Articles about Mary Shearing – Los Angeles Times |publisher=Articles.latimes.com |access-date=2012-08-13}}</ref>
|-
| {{Ntsh|53}} 53 years
| {{Hs|1992-12-28}} December 1992
| {{sortname|Geraldine|Wesolowski|nolink=1}}
| United States
| Geraldine Wesolowski of New York City, gave birth to her own grandson Matthew on December 28, 1992, at the age of 53, after IVF treatment in Christian Fertility Institute in [[Easton, Pennsylvania|Easton]], Pennsylvania, in order to act as a gestational surrogate for her 31-year-old son Mark Wesolowski and his 32-year-old wife, Susan Cooper Wesolowski, who underwent hysterectomy at age 21 after the birth of her first son died at 2, and was not able to have children. It was believed that Geraldine Wesolowski, who was post-menopausal, was then the oldest woman in the United States to give birth through IVF. That led to appearances on the Oprah Winfrey and Montel Williams television shows, according to Dr. Ida M. Campagna, the Amherst-based obstetrician who delivered Matthew.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1993/02/16/nyregion/when-mom-grandma-are-one-same-fairy-tale-comes-true-when-orchard-park-woman.html|title=When 'Mom' and 'Grandma' Are One and the Same; Fairy Tale Comes True When Orchard Park Woman Gives Birth to Her Grandchild|first=Lindsey|last=Gruson|date=16 February 1993|access-date=3 May 2022|website=[[The New York Times]]}}</ref> Matthew died in February 2010 due to injuries sustained in a car accident.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.mcall.com/news/mc-xpm-2010-02-17-all-a4_crashvictim.7179828feb17-story.html |title=Montco teen killed in crash made headlines at birth |work=tribunedigital-mcall|date=17 February 2010 }}</ref>
|-
| {{Ntsh|53}} 53 years
| {{Hs|2005-09-01}} September 2005
| {{sortname|Annie|Casserley|nolink=1}}
| United Kingdom
| Annie Casserley gave birth to her own granddaughter Annie Trinity Hattersley in United Kingdom in September 2005, at the age of 53, after choosing to act as a gestational surrogate for her 35-year-old daughter, Emma Hattersley, who has a rare cancer-like condition, [[Langerhans cell histiocytosis|Histiocytosis X]], making her unable to withstand pregnancy.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bionews.org.uk/page_89831|title=UK woman is surrogate mum for daughter|website=Bionews.org.uk|date=3 October 2005 |access-date=3 May 2022}}</ref>
|-
| {{Ntsh|53}} 53 years
| {{Hs|2008-06-01}} June 2008
| {{sortname|Sarajean|Grainson|nolink=1}}
| United States
| Sarajean Grainson of [[Long Island]], New York, gave birth to twin sons, Matthew and David, in June 2008 at the age of 53, after IVF treatment with oocytes donation. Grainson and her second husband David, former priest, already had a son Luke in December 2006. Sarajean Grainson also had three adult children from her first marriage.<ref name="53-year-old gives birth to twins" />
|-
| {{Ntsh|53}} 53 years
| {{Hs|2008-12-01}} December 2008
| {{sortname|Adele|Dramis|nolink=1}}
| Italy
| Adele Dramis, an Italian woman of Greek origin, gave birth to twins, a boy, Vicenzo, and a girl, Rosa, in [[Naples]], Italy, in late December 2008, at the age of 53. She had been trying to get pregnant since she got married at age 45, and after years of trying she decided to receive IVF treatment.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.tgcom.mediaset.it/cronaca/articoli/articolo399539.shtml |title=Tgcom – Napoli, diventa mamma in menopausa |publisher=Tgcom.mediaset.it |access-date=2012-08-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100327134221/http://www.tgcom.mediaset.it/cronaca/articoli/articolo399539.shtml |archive-date=2010-03-27 }}</ref>
|-
| {{Ntsh|53}} 53 years
| {{Hs|2011-06-04}} June 2011
| {{sortname|Anna|Fehér|nolink=1}}
| Hungary
| Hungarian actress Anna Fehér gave birth to her first child, a son, László Barnabás, on June 4, 2011, at the age of 53. She has been trying to conceive for ten years.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.nana.hu/sztarok/pletyka/megszuletett-az-53-eves-feher-anna-gyermeke-108621.html |title=Megszületett az 53 éves Fehér Anna gyermeke – Sztori – Sztárok |author=Ringier Axel Springer Magyarország Kft. |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110611223112/http://www.nana.hu/sztarok/pletyka/megszuletett-az-53-eves-feher-anna-gyermeke-108621.html |archive-date=2011-06-11 }}</ref>
|-
| {{Ntsh|53}} 53 years
| {{Hs|2011-06-04}} June 2011
| {{sortname|Debbie|Hughes|nolink=1}}
| United Kingdom
| Debbie Hughes of [[Daventry]], gave birth naturally to her son Kyle at [[Northampton General Hospital]] in June 2011 at the age of 53, after a natural conception. She had no plans to become a mother again when she became pregnant, as she had been taking contraceptive pills.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Jones |first=Callum |date=10 March 2015 |title=Northamptonshire woman says having a baby when she was 53 had 'no downside' |url=https://www.northamptonchron.co.uk/news/northamptonshire-woman-says-having-baby-when-she-was-53-had-no-downside-2238357 |access-date=3 May 2022 |website=Northamptonchron.co.uk}}</ref>
|-
| {{Ntsh|54}} 54 years
| {{Hs|2000-01-01}} 2000
| {{sortname|Galina|Shevchenko|nolink=1}}
| Russia
| Galina Shevchenko gave birth to twin sons in [[Russia]] in 2000 at the age of 54. Shevchenko and her husband decided to go through fertility treatment after accidental death of their only son. It was the first case of successful case of IVF treatment of a post-menopausal woman in Russia.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.vmdaily.ru/article/44558.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111003053225/http://www.vmdaily.ru/article/44558.html|title=Childlessness in Russia – destiny of every fifth family|archive-date=3 October 2011|access-date=3 May 2022}}</ref>
|-
| {{Ntsh|54}} 54 years
| {{Hs|2001-01-01}} 2001
| {{sortname|Viven|Morris|nolink=1}}
| United Kingdom
| Vivien Morris gave birth to her granddaughter Maisie in 2001, at the age of 54, acting as a surrogate mother for her 29-year-old daughter Laura Westrop, who was unable to carry a baby after cancer treatment, and her husband Mark.<ref name="worldnews-1453012" />
|-
| {{Ntsh|54}} 54 years
| {{Hs|2010-07-01}} July 2010
| {{sortname|Karen|Johnston|nolink=1}}
| United Kingdom
| Karen Johnston of [[Bicester]], England, gave birth to twins, a boy, Asa, and a girl, Imogen, in July 2010, at the age of 54, after undergoing IVF treatment in Czech Republic. She was already a mother of eight, always alternating boy and girl also—Daniel, Jemma, Scott, Amy, Aiden, Bethany, Joseph and Willow. Her eighth child was born in June 2008 also after IVF treatment in the same Czech clinic.<ref name="54-year-old gives birth to twins" />
|-
| {{Ntsh|54}} 54 years
| {{Hs|2010-10-11}} October 2010
| {{sortname|Giovanna|Ciardi|nolink=1}}
| Italy
| Giovanna Ciardi of [[Camaiore]], [[Province of Lucca]], already mother of two, gave birth to her third child, a daughter, named Adria, on October 11, 2010, at the age of 54, after a natural conception.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.lanazione.it/viareggio/cronaca/2010/10/12/398267-super_mamma_anni.shtml|title=Super mamma a 54 anni Adria, figlia del miracolo|website=La Nazione|date=12 October 2010}}</ref>
|-
| {{Ntsh|54}} 54 years
| {{Hs|2011-08-15}} August 2011
| {{sortname|Solange|Couto dos Santos|nolink=1}}
| Brazil
| Brazilian actress Solange Couto dos Santos, already mother of a son, Márcio Felipe, and a daughter, Morena Mariah, of her previous marriage, gave birth to her third child, a son, named Benjamin, on August 15, 2011, at the age of 54, after a natural conception.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://noticias.r7.com/saude/noticias/gravidez-como-a-de-solange-coutoe-muito-rara-e-de-alto-risco-20110104.html |title=Gravidez como a de Solange Coutoé muito rara e de alto risco – Saúde – R7 |access-date=2012-03-30 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131102234459/http://noticias.r7.com/saude/noticias/gravidez-como-a-de-solange-coutoe-muito-rara-e-de-alto-risco-20110104.html |archive-date=2013-11-02 }}</ref>
|-
| {{Ntsh|54}} 54 years
| {{Hs|2018-06-22}} June 2018
| {{sortname|Brigitte|Nielsen}}
| Denmark
| Brigitte Nielsen gave birth to her fifth child in June 2018 at the age of 54. The model-actress had her eggs frozen around age 40. She and her fifth husband, Mattia Dessi, were finally successful after trying with IVF for 14 years.<ref>{{Cite news | url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2018/06/24/actress-brigitte-nielsen-gives-birth-fifth-child-first-daughter/ | title=Actress Brigitte Nielsen gives birth to fifth child and first daughter, aged 54| newspaper=The Telegraph| date=2018-06-24| last=Wright| first=Mike}}</ref>
|-
| {{Ntsh|54}} 54 years, 1 month
| {{Hs|1916-02-10}} February 1916
| {{sortname|Elizabeth|Pearce|nolink=1}}
| United Kingdom
| Mrs Elizabeth Pearce of Biterne, [[Southampton]], England, gave birth to her youngest child on February 10, 1916, when she was 54 years and 40 days old.<ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=i6MxAQAAIAAJ&q=%22Mrs+Elizabeth+Pearce+gave+birth%22 |title=Guinness Book of Records |isbn=978-0-900424-26-7 |year=1975 |last=Biggar |first=Suzi |publisher=Guinness Superlatives }}</ref><ref name="old cases united kingdom">{{Cite web|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=qJ1YAAAAIBAJ&sjid=4kQNAAAAIBAJ&pg=3812,257777|title=The Toledo News-Bee - Google News Archive Search|website=News.google.com|access-date=3 May 2022}}</ref>
|-
| {{Ntsh|54}} 54 years, 10 months
| {{Hs|2000-01-01}} January 2000
| {{sortname|Aracelia|Garcia|nolink=1}}
| United States
| Aracelia Garcia of [[Sunnyside, Washington|Sunnyside]], Washington, astounded doctors when she naturally conceived (without hormonal treatment) all-female triplets in 1999 at the age of 54. She delivered by Caesarean section in early January 2000 three healthy girls, named Arianna, Brianna and Cecelia, to play on initials A, B, C.<ref>{{cite web|last=Davis|first=Simon|date=January 8, 2000|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071029042242/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/htmlContent.jhtml?html=/archive/2000/01/08/wtrip08.html |archive-date=October 29, 2007 |title=Triplet shock for 54-year-old grandmother |url=http://www.telegraph.co.uk/htmlContent.jhtml?html=/archive/2000/01/08/wtrip08.html |website=Telegraph |access-date=March 2, 2007}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-63380734.html|title=Triplets Doing Well After Birth to 54-Year-Old Mom |work=Seattle Post-Intelligencer|date=5 November 2012| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121105205607/http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-63380734.html |access-date=3 May 2022| archive-date=2012-11-05 }}</ref>
|-
| {{Ntsh|54}} 54 years, 11 months
| {{Hs|1847-04-01}} April 1847
| {{sortname|Barbara|Christman|nolink=1}}
| United States
| Barbara "Barbary" Christman (née Klientop) of Pennsylvania, gave birth 3 days before her 55th birthday, to William Christman on April 30, 1847. Her husband, Daniel Christman of [[Chestnut Hill, Philadelphia|Chestnut Hill]], Pennsylvania was 62. William was the seventh of Daniel and Barbara's seven children.{{citation needed|date=January 2023}}
|-
| {{Ntsh|55}} 55 years
| {{Hs|1998-04-18}} April 1998
| {{sortname|Merryl|Fudel|nolink=1}}
| United States
| Merryl Fudel, a five-time divorcee from San Diego, gave birth to quadruplets, three girls and a boy, on April 18, 1998, at the age of 55, after IVF treatment. She is probably the oldest woman who gave birth to quadruplets. Three girls and one boy were born at 27 weeks, the smallest of them weighted only 10 oz at birth.<ref>http://www.nydailynews.com/archives/news/1998/04/24/1998-04-24_quads_born_to_mom__55.html {{dead link|date=December 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> One of the girls died eight days later. Fudel surrendered two other girls for adoption, so only the boy remained with mother.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.nydailynews.com/life-style/health/late-arrivals-article-1.253847|title=The late arrivals|author1=Tracy Connor|author2=Michelle Caruso|website=Nydailynews.com|date=23 May 2007 }}</ref>
|-
| {{Ntsh|55}} 55 years
| {{Hs|2000-02-22}} February 2000
| {{sortname|Marilyn|McReavy Nolen|nolink=1}}
| United States
| Marilyn Nolen (born McReavy), former Olympic athlete and volleyball coach at St. Louis University, gave birth to twin sons, Travis and Ryan, on February 22, 2000, at the age of 55. She married her husband Randy Nolen in 1988, and since that were trying to have a child, and after 10 years with no success they decided in 1998 to go through IVF.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2006/09/05/earlyshow/contributors/tracysmith/main1967744.shtml |title=Older Moms: Issues Beyond Pregnancy - the Early Show - CBS News |website=cbsnews.com |access-date=22 May 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090624071113/http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2006/09/05/earlyshow/contributors/tracysmith/main1967744.shtml |archive-date=24 June 2009 }}</ref>
|-
| {{Ntsh|55}} 55 years
| {{Hs|2004-12-01}} December 2004
| {{sortname|Tina|Cade|nolink=1}}
| United States
| Tina Cade, from [[Virginia]], gave birth to her own triplet grandchildren, two boys, Aaron and Kai, and a girl, Simone, in December 2004, at the age of 55, acting as a surrogate mother for her 29-year-old daughter Camille Hammond and her husband Jason. Camille suffers from endometriosis and had tried six attempts of IVF, but had been unsuccessful each time, and then Ms. Cade has offered her help.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bionews.org.uk/page_89523|title=Surrogate gives birth to her own triplet grandchildren |website=Bionews.org.uk|date=10 January 2005 |access-date=3 May 2022}}</ref>
|-
| {{Ntsh|55}} 55 years
| {{Hs|2007-07-01}} July 2007
| {{sortname|Veronica|Mensah|nolink=1}}
| United States
| Veronica Mensah of [[Lithonia, Georgia|Lithonia]], Georgia, gave birth to twins, boy and girl, Daniel Atsu and Diana Atsupui, in July 2007, at the age of 55. The children are named Dikenou after their genitor. She had been trying to have children since she was 25, and after 30 years she decided to try through IVF, which was done in her native Ghana.<ref>https://www.11alive.com/error/404?storyid=99677 {{dead link|date=May 2022}}</ref>
|-
| {{Ntsh|55}} 55 years
| {{Hs|2007-08-27}} August 2007
| {{sort|Brinda|"Brinda"}}
| India
| Indian woman named "Brinda" from [[Bhadravathi, Karnataka]], gave birth to twin sons, Akash and Rishikesh, on August 27, 2007, in [[Chennai]], at the age of 55. She and her husband "Alagappan" were childless for 28 years due to lack of sufficient number of his sperms (oligospermia), so they decided to go through IVF with oocytes donation and intra cytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI).<ref name="india">{{cite news |title=55-year-old woman delivers twins |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/55-year-old-woman-delivers-twins/articleshow/2315314.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130126154958/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2007-08-27/india/27969262_1_brinda-oldest-woman-twins |archive-date=2013-01-26 |work=[[The Times of India]]|date=27 August 2007 }}</ref>
|-
| {{Ntsh|55}} 55 years
| {{Hs|2016-03-01}} March 2016
| {{sortname|Sharon|Cutts|nolink=1}}
| United Kingdom
| Sharon Cutts of [[Lincolnshire]], England, already a mother of 4, gave birth to triplets, sons Mason and Ryan and a daughter Lily, in March 2016, at the age of 55, after undergoing IVF treatment in Cyprus.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2016/apr/06/grandmother-sharon-cutts-55-becomes-britains-oldest-mother-of-triplets|title=Grandmother Sharon Cutts, 55, becomes Britain's oldest mother of triplets|date=6 April 2016|newspaper=[[The Guardian]]|access-date=3 May 2022}}</ref>
|-
| {{Ntsh|55}} 55 years
| {{Hs|2017-09-01}} September 2017
| {{sortname|Muazzez|Çınar|nolink=1}}
| Turkey
| Muazzez Çınar of [[Uşak]], [[Turkey]], gave birth to twin boys in September 2017, at the age of 55, after IVF treatment. They named one of the boys after their son, Hüseyin, who drowned in the sea in northern [[Rize]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.yenisafak.com/en/life/55-year-old-turkish-woman-gives-birth-to-twins-2794495|title=55-year-old Turkish woman gives birth to twins|first=Yeni|last=Şafak|website=Yeni Şafak}}</ref>
|-
| {{Ntsh|55}} 55 years
| {{Hs|2019-01-16}} January 2019
| {{sortname|Emma|Miles|nolink=1}}
| United Kingdom
| Emma Miles gave birth to her granddaughter Evie on January 16, 2019, at the age of 55, acting as a surrogate mother for her 31-year-old daughter Tracey Smith, who was born without a womb, and her husband Adam Smith.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-wales-47213639|title = Surrogacy: 'I gave birth to my daughter's baby'|work = BBC News|date = 13 February 2019}}</ref>
|-
| {{Ntsh|55}} 55 years, 3 days
| {{Hs|1936-01-01}} 1936
| {{sortname|Winifred|Wilson|nolink=1}}
| United Kingdom
| Winifred Wilson, from Eccles, west of Manchester, England, who gave birth to her 10th child at the age of 55 years and 3 days in 1936, was the oldest British mother until September 1987, when Kathleen Campbell, from Nottingham, England, gave birth at 55 years and 141 days.<ref name="latimes1987">{{Cite news|url=https://www.latimes.com/archives|title=Archives|newspaper=[[Los Angeles Times]]|access-date=3 May 2022}}</ref>
|-
| {{Ntsh|55}} 55 years, 2 months, 10 days
| {{Hs|1931-03-17}} March 1931
| {{sortname|Mary|Higgins|nolink=1}}
| Ireland
| Mrs Mary Higgins of Cork City, [[Ireland]], born on January 7, 1876, gave birth to her first child when she was 55 years and 69 days old, on March 17, 1931, St-Patrick Day, Irish National Day. The case was reported on July 5, 1932.<ref name="old cases united kingdom" /><ref>{{cite web |url=http://freepages.genealogy.rootsweb.ancestry.com/~irelandlist/misc.html |title=Ireland List Misc Trivia |website=freepages.genealogy.rootsweb.ancestry.com |access-date=22 May 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080802003134/http://freepages.genealogy.rootsweb.ancestry.com/~irelandlist/misc.html |archive-date=2 August 2008 }}</ref>
|-
| {{Ntsh|55}} 55 years, 4 months, 19 days
| {{Hs|1987-09-09}} September 1987
| {{sortname|Kathleen|Campbell|nolink=1}}
| United Kingdom
| Kathleen Campbell of [[Kimberley, Nottinghamshire|Kimberley]], Nottinghamshire, England, born on April 21, 1932, and already grandmother by one of her six elder children ages 16 to 22, gave birth by Caesarean section to her 7th child, a {{Cvt|6|lb|7|oz|2}} son named Isaac Joby, on September 9, 1987, at the age of 55 years and 141 days, having conceived naturally.<ref name="latimes1987" /><ref name="apnewsarchive1987">{{Cite web |title=55-Year-Old Gives Birth |url=https://apnews.com/article/3d3690600d2c083627802dc43eef39a2 |access-date=3 May 2022 |website=Apnews.com}}</ref>
|-
| {{Ntsh|55}} 55 years, 11 months <br /><small>(also 51 years)</small>
| {{Hs|1999-03-22}} March 1999
| {{sortname|Pauline|Lyon|nolink=1}}
| United Kingdom
| Pauline Lyon, born in late March 1943, gave birth to a son, Brodie, at Hinchingbrooke Hospital, [[Huntingdon]], [[Cambridgeshire]], [[England]], on March 22, 1999, at the age of 55 years and 11 months, after IVF treatment. She had also given birth to a girl at age 51 after the same treatment, and Lyon and her second husband wanted their daughter to have a sibling. Lyon also had an adult daughter from her first marriage.<ref name="lyon">{{Cite web|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/health/301861.stm|title=BBC News &#124; Health &#124; Oldest mother has second baby|website=News.bbc.co.uk|access-date=3 May 2022}}</ref>
|-
|{{Ntsh|56}} 56 years
|March 10, 2024
|Rachel Danieli
|Israel
|After having kids with and losing her first husband, she married Rabbi Tzvi Kushlevsky (a widower). The couple welcomed their child together on March 10, 2024 when she was 56 and he was 88.<ref>{{Cite web |date=10 March 2024 |title="לא היה כדבר הזה מאז אברהם אבינו": בן ראשון נולד לרב הקשיש בן ה-88 {{!}} ישראל היום |url=https://www.israelhayom.co.il/news/local/article/15396272 |access-date=15 March 2024 |website=www.israelhayom.co.il |language=Hebrew}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=10 March 2024 |title=ראש הישיבה בן ה- 88 חבק בן ראשון - בחדרי חרדים |url=https://www.bhol.co.il/news/1655986 |access-date=15 March 2024 |website=www.bhol.co.il |language=Hebrew}}</ref>
|-
| {{Ntsh|56}} 56 years
| {{Hs|2001-05-24}} May 2001
| {{sortname|Lynn|Bezant|nolink=1}}
| United Kingdom
| Lynn Bezant of [[Croughton, Northamptonshire]] gave birth to twins, girl and boy, Susan and David, by Caesarean section, on May 24, 2001, at the age of 56, after receiving fertility treatment. Bezant, who already had three adult children with her husband Derek, received donor eggs which had been fertilised with her husband's sperm. The couple had always wanted a larger family but had failed after Bezant gave birth to stillborn twins and then suffered a miscarriage.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/1352903.stm|title=Woman has twins at 56|date=26 May 2001|access-date=3 May 2022|website=News.bbc.co.uk}}</ref>
|-
| {{Ntsh|56}} 56 years
| {{Hs|2008-01-10}} January 2008
| {{sortname|Raisa|Akhmadeeva|nolink=1}}
| Russia
| Raisa Akhmadeeva gave birth to her first child, a boy, in [[Ulyanovsk]], [[Russia]] on January 10, 2008, at the age of 56. Her husband Rachid has already three children from his previous marriage, but they always wanted to have a child together.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://ulpressa.ru/2008/01/17/article43164/|script-title=ru:Россиянка в возрасте 56 лет родила первенца |date=2008-01-18 |work=ulpressa.ru |language=ru |access-date=5 March 2011}}</ref>
|-
| {{Ntsh|56}} 56 years
| {{Hs|2008-10-11}} October 2008
| {{sortname|Jacilyn|Dalenberg|nolink=1}}
| United States
| Jacilyn Dalenberg (née Wooster) of [[Mansfield, Ohio|Mansfield]], [[Ashland, Ohio|Ashland]], Ohio, gave birth to her own triplet granddaughters, Elisabeth Jacilyn, and twins Carmina Ann and Gabriella Claire, on October 11, 2008, at the age of 56, acting as a surrogate mother for her daughter Kim Wooster Coseno and her husband Joe Coseno. Already mother of two children, a girl, Brittni (Wilkinson) and a boy, Colin (Anderson), of her two previous companions, Kim Wooster became sterile after giving birth to her son.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.the-daily-record.com/news/article/4453907?page=2 |title=Mother gives birth to triplets for her daughter |last=Christ |first=Ginger |date=October 28, 2008 |work=The [[Daily Record (Scotland)|Daily Record]] |publisher=The-Daily-Record.com |page=2 |access-date=5 March 2011 |location=Ashland}}</ref>
|-
| {{Ntsh|56}} 56 years
| {{Hs|2010-05-26}} May 2010
| {{sortname|Gabriella|De Ambrosis|nolink=1}}
| Italy
| Gabriella De Ambrosis gave birth to her first child, daughter Viola, on May 26, 2010, in Italy, at the age of 56, after IVF treatment abroad. Gabriella married her husband Luigi in 1990. They tried for many years to conceive naturally, and also had two requests for adoption turned down. In September 2011, an Italian court has ordered their daughter to be taken into care after ruling that librarian Gabriella, 57, and her retired husband, 70, were too old.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.politicamagazine.info/Rubriche/CulturaSociet%C3%A0/LavicendadeiconiugiDeambrosisunabusolegale/tabid/892/Default.aspx |title=Politica Magazine.info – rivista online – Politica, Attualità, Cultura |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130219071736/http://www.politicamagazine.info/Rubriche/CulturaSociet%C3%A0/LavicendadeiconiugiDeambrosisunabusolegale/tabid/892/Default.aspx |archive-date=2013-02-19 }}</ref>
|-
| {{Ntsh|56}} 56 years
| {{Hs|2010-11-26}} November 2010
| {{sortname|Gianna|Nannini}}
| Italy
| On November 26, 2010, 56-year-old Italian singer Gianna Nannini gave birth to her first child, a girl named Penelope, having conceived naturally following fertility treatments.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.welt.de/vermischtes/prominente/article13782412/Berlusconi-hat-Italien-auf-seinen-Schwanz-reduziert.html |title=Gianna Nannini: "Berlusconi hat Italien auf seinen Schwanz reduziert" |author=Dagmar von Taube |date=26 December 2011 |newspaper=Die Welt}}</ref>
|-
| {{Ntsh|56}} 56 years
| {{Hs|2014-12-27}} December 2014
| {{sortname|Lisa Swinton|McLaughlin|nolink=1}}
| United States
| Lisa Swinton McLaughlin, the medical director for the [[American Red Cross]] in [[Baltimore]], gave birth to premature twin boys on December 27, 2014, at the age of 56, after more than 10 years of fertility treatment attempts. She was discharged from hospital on December 31, but was still suffering from the stomach pain, and died at home of a bowel obstruction on January 4, 2015, while her sons were still in the hospital.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.nydailynews.com/life-style/health/baltimore-woman-56-dies-delivering-twins-article-1.2094085|title=Baltimore woman, 56, dies after delivering twins she waited years for|first=Meredith|last=Engel|website=nydailynews.com|date=27 January 2015 }}</ref>
|-
| {{Ntsh|56}} 56 years
| {{Hs|2018-02-26}} February 2018
| {{sortname|Irina|Vitorgan|nolink=1}}
| Russia
| Irina Vitorgan, third wife of Russian actor [[Emmanuil Vitorgan]], gave birth to a baby girl named Ethel on February 26, 2018, at the age of 56, after IVF treatment.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://7days.ru/lifestyle/family/eksklyuziv-zhena-emmanuila-vitorgana-rasskazala-na-kogo-pokhozha-ikh-novorozhdennaya-doch.htm|title=Эксклюзив! Жена Эммануила Виторгана рассказала, на кого похожа их новорожденная дочь|date=March 3, 2018|website=7Дней.ру}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.kp.ru/daily/26802.7/3837000/|script-title=ru:56-летняя Ирина Виторган объяснила, почему смогла родить ребенка только теперь|author=Анна Кукарцева |author2=Ольга Антонова |work=Комсомольской правды |date=March 3, 2018}}</ref>
|-
| {{Ntsh|56}} 56 years, 11 months, 27 days
| {{Hs|2004-11-09}} November 2004
| {{sortname|Aleta|St. James|nolink=1}}
| United States
| Aleta St. James, born on November 12, 1947, gave birth to twins, a boy and a girl, Francesca and Gian, at [[Mount Sinai Hospital, New York|Mount Sinai Hospital]] in [[New York City]], on November 9, 2004, just three days before her 57th birthday, after having undergone IVF treatment using donor eggs.<ref name="jonathan" />
|-
| {{Ntsh|56}} 56 years
| {{Hs|2023-02-11}} February 2023
| {{sort|Cláudia|[[Cláudia Raia]]}}
| Brazil
| Cláudia Raia, Brazilian actress, already mother of a daughter and a son from her 2nd husband [[Edson Celulari]], gave birth on February 11, 2023, to her third child with her third husband, actor and host Jarbas Homem de Mello, 53, with her frozen oocytes.<ref>{{cite web |title=Jarbas Homem de Mello encanta em nova foto com o filho, Luca... - Leia mais em |url=https://caras.uol.com.br/bebe/jarbas-homem-de-mello-encanta-em-nova-foto-com-o-filho-luca.phtml |website=caras.uol.com.br |date=16 April 2023 |access-date=2023-05-12}}</ref>
|-
| {{Ntsh|57}} 57 years
| {{Hs|1996-03-14}} March 1996
| {{sortname|Natalya|Surkova|nolink=1}}
| Russia
| Natalya Surkova became the oldest mother in [[Russia]] after giving birth to her daughter Sasha on March 14, 1996, at the age of 57. She became pregnant after one-and-a-half years of hormonal treatment, having been established in premenopausal. Surkova, a divorced mother of two adult children, decided to have one more child because her new partner was childless.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://gazeta.aif.ru/online/aif/1284/55_01 |title=Аргументы и факты — Рожать в 57 - нормально - "Аргументы и факты", № 23 (1284) |date=June 8, 2005 |website=gazeta.aif.ru |access-date=22 May 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070804195125/http://gazeta.aif.ru/online/aif/1284/55_01 |archive-date=4 August 2007 }}</ref>
|-
| {{Ntsh|57}} 57 years
| {{Hs|1998-12-12}} December 1998
| {{sortname|Judith|Cates|nolink=1}}
| United States
| Judith Cates of [[Evansville, Indiana|Evansville]], Indiana gave birth to twin girls, Margaret Jan Marie (Maggi) and Carli Sue Morgan (Carli), on December 12, 1998, at the age of 57. She got pregnant after IVF treatment, and she has said that she and her husband, Carl, are often mistaken for grandparents.<ref>{{Cite web |title=More older women reveling in motherhood |url=https://www.nbcnews.com/id/wbna6593933 |date=November 27, 2004 |access-date=2023-01-13 |website=NBC News |language=en}}</ref>
|-
| {{Ntsh|57}} 57 years
| {{Hs|2005-04-20}} April 2005
| {{sortname|Rosie|Swain|nolink=1}}
| United States
| Rosie Swain naturally gave birth to twins, girl and boy, Diana and Christian, in USA on April 20, 2005, at the age of 57. Swain and her husband Jay, who already were six times grandparents and four times great-grandparents, by her six eldests, decided to go through IVF in order to give their last child, 6-year-old son Jimmy, a sibling close in age.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://abcnews.go.com/GMA/HealthyWoman/story?id=792912&page=1|title=Great-Grandmother Gives Birth to Twins|website=ABC News|access-date=3 May 2022}}</ref>
|-
| {{Ntsh|57}} 57 years
| {{Hs|2008-03-28}} March 2008
| {{sortname|Susan|Tollefsen|nolink=1}}
| United Kingdom
| Susan Tollefsen, English woman Norway native, of [[Laindon]], [[Essex]], England, gave birth to her first child, daughter Freya, on March 28, 2008, at the age of 57, after IVF treatment with oocytes donation. She was refused to be treated in Britain due to her age, so she went to Russia and Poland to receive IVF. Two years later she was willing to have one more child, this time she was accepted at [[London Women's Clinic]], and became the oldest woman in Britain who was offered this kind of treatment, but later she decided not to risk her health.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.telegraph.co.uk/health/healthnews/7732289/Oldest-woman-to-get-IVF-in-Britain-cancels-treatment.html|title=Oldest woman to get IVF in Britain cancels treatment - Telegraph|date=20 May 2010| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100520002833/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/health/healthnews/7732289/Oldest-woman-to-get-IVF-in-Britain-cancels-treatment.html |access-date=3 May 2022| archive-date=2010-05-20}}</ref>
|-
| {{Ntsh|57}} 57 years
| {{Hs|2008-07-13}} July 2008
| {{sort|Vera|"Vera"}}
| Ukraine
| 57-year-old woman gave birth to a son, Andrei, in [[Kyiv]], [[Ukraine]] by Caesarean section on June 13, 2008, at the age of 57. Her first son died at age 20, later she gave birth to twin boys, but they died after 10 days, so she and her husband decided to try once again.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://ukraine.segodnya.ua/ukraine/rekord-kievljanka-rodila-v-57-let-117103.html|title=Рекорд: киевлянка родила в 57 лет!|website=Ukraine.segodnya.ua|access-date=3 May 2022}}</ref>
|-
| {{Ntsh|57}} 57 years
| {{Hs|2010-08-01}} August 2010
| {{sortname|Pamela|Butler|nolink=1}}
| United Kingdom
| 57-year-old Pamela Butler, of [[Blackwood, Caerphilly|Blackwood]], [[Wales]], gave birth to a boy, Josef, in August 2010 via surrogacy. Her 35-year-old daughter, Nichola, had tried to have a baby on her own and failed. Pamela Butler became Britain's oldest surrogate mother.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/active/8349315/Woman-57-becomes-Britains-oldest-surrogate-mother.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110301044509/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/active/8349315/Woman-57-becomes-Britains-oldest-surrogate-mother.html|archive-date=March 1, 2011|title=Woman, 57, becomes Britain's oldest surrogate mother|first=David|last=Harrison|date=February 26, 2011|via=telegraph.co.uk}}</ref>
|-
| {{Ntsh|57}} 57 years
| {{Hs|2011-09-01}} September 2011
| {{sortname|Silvana|Sofia|nolink=1}}
| Italy
| Silvana Sofia, 57-year-old woman doctor, gave birth to female twins, Karola Pia and Adriana Cristina, in [[Salerno]], [[Italy]] in September 2011. Her husband was 70 years old at that time.<ref name="oldmomsitaly">{{cite web |url=http://www.asiaone.com/Health/News/Story/A1Story20110924-301255.html |title=Health News |access-date=2012-04-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111223225310/http://www.asiaone.com/Health/News/Story/A1Story20110924-301255.html |archive-date=2011-12-23 }}</ref>
|-
| {{Ntsh|57}} 57 years, 4 months <br /><small>(also 52 and 55 years)</small>
| {{Hs|1972-11-24}} November 1972
| {{sortname|Anna|Martin|nolink=1}}
| United States
| Anna Martin, of Broken Arrow, near [[Tulsa]], [[Oklahoma]], already mother of six children, the eldest, Louis, was then 25, gave birth by Caesarean section to a daughter, Mary-Jane, on November 24, 1972, at the age of 57 years and 4 months. She already had her previous children, a daughter, in summer 1967, at the age of 52, then a son, Donnie-Ray, in summer 1970, at the age of 55.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://newspaperarchive.com/post-herald-and-register/1972-11-26 |title=Post Herald And Register, November 26, 1972 - NewspaperArchive® |date=26 November 1972}}</ref>
|-
| {{Ntsh|57}} 57 years, 4 months, 7 days
| {{Hs|1956-10-18}} October 1956
| {{sortname|Ruth Alice|Kistler|nolink=1}}
| United States
| Ruth Alice Kistler of [[Portland, Oregon]], gave birth to a daughter, Susan, in [[Los Angeles, California]], on October 18, 1956, at the age of 57 years and 129 days. The birth predated the advent of in vitro fertilization making Kistler one of the oldest women known to have conceived naturally.<ref name="auto" /><ref>{{cite web|url=http://christianliferesources.com/index.php?news/view.php&newsid=169 |title=Woman, 59, Has Twins, Sets Record|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071029192128/http://christianliferesources.com/index.php?news%2Fview.php&newsid=169 |archive-date=2007-10-29 }}." (December 28, 1993). ''Milwaukee Sentinel.'' Retrieved September 28, 2007</ref> Born in June 1899, she died in 1982, at the age of 82 or 83, while her daughter was 25 or 26.
|-
| {{Ntsh|58}} 58 years
| {{Hs|1818-12-24}} December 1818
| {{sortname|Mrs George|Saunders|nolink=1}}
| United Kingdom
| The Royal Cornwall Gazette of January 2, 1819, reporting the birth of twins, on previous Christmas Eve (December 24, 1818), to Mrs George Saunders, wife of a London shoemaker, in her 59th year of age. Her last previous child had been born 35 years before that.<ref name="old cases united kingdom" />
|-
| {{Ntsh|58}} 58 years
| {{Hs|1995-01-01}} 1995
| {{sortname|Emilia|Bacco|nolink=1}}
| Italy
| Emilia Bacco, 58-year-old Italian woman from [[Salerno]], [[Italy]], gave birth to twin boys in 1995, after IVF treatment with oocytes donation fertilized by her husband's sperm.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://ricerca.repubblica.it/repubblica/archivio/repubblica/1995/03/12/mamma-58-anni-sospesi-due-ginecologi.html |title=Mamma a 58 Anni, Sospesi Due Ginecologi |work=La Repubblica|date=12 March 1995 }}</ref>
|-
| {{Ntsh|58}} 58 years
| {{Hs|2001-06-01}} June 2001
| {{sort|Pragna|"Pragna"}}
| India
| "Pragna", a 58-year-old Indian woman, from [[Mumbai]], [[Maharashtra]], gave birth to a son, by Caesarean section, in June 2001.<ref name="india2001">{{cite news |title=Sixty-year-old woman gives birth to baby |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/mumbai/Sixty-year-old-woman-gives-birth-to-baby/articleshow/761908348.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130615193517/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2001-12-08/mumbai/27246323_1_egg-donation-blood-sugar-oldest-mother |archive-date=2013-06-15 |work=[[The Times of India]]|date=8 December 2001 }}</ref>
|-
| {{Ntsh|58}} 58 years
| {{Hs|2002-09-01}} September 2002
| {{sortname|Janet|Bosher|nolink=1}}
| United Kingdom
| Janet Bosher gave birth to her twins children Sarah and James in [[London]] in September 2002, at the age of 58, after IVF treatment with donated embryos, her partner Martin Maslin, also apparently sterile, at the Professor Ian Craft's private clinic. In January 2003, Martin Maslin died from a heart attack at age 64, four months after the twins' birth. After his death the wisdom of a couple close to retirement age having fertility treatment was debated.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-97718117.html|title=Oldest Mum of Twins 'Goes Against Nature |work= The Mirror (London, England) |date=5 November 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121105205559/http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-97718117.html |access-date=3 May 2022|archive-date=2012-11-05 }}</ref>
|-
| {{Ntsh|58}} 58 years
| {{Hs|2003-03-08}} March 2003
| {{sortname|Samira|Ellis|nolink=1}}
| Sweden
| Samira Ellis, an Israeli native, gave birth to twins, boy, Elias, and girl, Solva, in Sweden on March 8, 2003, at the age of 58.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.twinstuff.com/index.php/twin-facts/156-oldest-parents-of-twins|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101201215045/http://twinstuff.com/index.php/twin-facts/156-oldest-parents-of-twins|title=Oldest Parents of Twins|archive-date=1 December 2010|access-date=3 May 2022}}</ref>
|-
| {{Ntsh|58}} 58 years
| {{Hs|2006-12-01}} December 2006
| {{sortname|Ann|Stopler|nolink=1}}
| United States
| Ann Stolper, of [[Delray Beach, Florida|Delray Beach]], [[Florida]], gave birth to her own twin granddaughters, Itai & Maya, in USA on December 1, 2006, at the age of 58, acting as a surrogate mother for her daughter Caryn Stopler Chomsky and her husband Ayal Chomsky. Caryn Chomsky had had a hysterectomy at age 25 as she had been diagnosed with cervical cancer and was not able to have children the traditional way.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://abcnews.go.com/GMA/AmericanFamily/story?id=3458151&page=1|title='I Gave Birth to My Grandkids'|website=ABC News|access-date=3 May 2022}}</ref>
|-
| {{Ntsh|58}} 58 years
| {{Hs|2010-12-01}} December 2010
| {{sortname|Carole|Hobson|nolink=1}}
| United Kingdom
| Carole Hobson of [[Kent]], [[South East England]], gave birth to twins, a boy and a girl, in December 2010, at the age of 58, following IVF treatment at a clinic in India.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://ic.steadyhealth.com/uk-mom-58-gives-birth-to-ivf-twins|title=UK mom, 58, gives birth to IVF twins &#124; General center &#124; SteadyHealth.com|website=ic.steadyhealth.com}}</ref>
|-
| {{Ntsh|58}} 58 years
| {{Hs|2012-05-09}} May 2012
| {{sortname|Maria Addolorata|Montuori|nolink=1}}
| Italy
| Maria Addolorata Montuori, a 58-year-old woman from [[Boscoreale]], near [[Naples]], [[Campania]], [[Italia]], gave birth to triplets, one girl, Giovanna, and two boys, Alessandro and Adriano, on May 9, 2012, at the General Hospital of aples, after post-menopausal IVF treatment, with oocytes donation fertilized by sperm of her husband, Salvatore Manzo, 59 years.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ilquotidianoitaliano.it/gallerie/2012/05/news/napoli-a-58-anni-diventa-mamma-di-tre-gemelli-145344.html/ |title=Napoli, a 58 anni diventa mamma di tre gemelli|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131102124223/http://www.ilquotidianoitaliano.it/gallerie/2012/05/news/napoli-a-58-anni-diventa-mamma-di-tre-gemelli-145344.html/ |archive-date=2013-11-02 |language=it |trans-title=Napoli, a 58-year-old woman she becomes mother of triplets|access-date=October 27, 2012}}</ref>
|-
| {{Ntsh|58}} 58 years, 4 months
| {{Hs|2004-12-01}} December 2004
| {{sortname|Lauren|Cohen|nolink=1}}
| United States
| Lauren Cohen of [[Paramus, New Jersey|Paramus]], New Jersey, born on August 11, 1946, already mother of a 26-year-old daughter, Renee, of her first marriage, gave birth to a daughter, Raquel, in [[New York City]], in December 2004, at the age of 58 years and 4 months. Lauren Cohen and her husband, Frank Garcia, will still have twins together through IVF in May 2006, using the husband's sperm and oocytes from a donor. The couple, faced with either [[embryo adoption|donating]] the [[embryo]]s left over from the first IVF treatment or letting them be destroyed, decided to try again. As to why she chose to have children at such a late age, with a husband approximately 20 years her junior, Lauren Cohen stated, "I just thought it would be unfair to Frank for him to marry me and never have the opportunity to have a child. He never asked me to have a child, but I knew it would make him happy".<ref name="Lauren Cohen">{{cite web |last=Silverman |first=Stephen M. |date=5 July 2006 |title=59-Year-Old Woman Delivers Twins |url=https://people.com/celebrity/59-year-old-woman-delivers-twins/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180623170244/https://people.com/celebrity/59-year-old-woman-delivers-twins/ |archive-date=23 June 2018 |access-date=2 November 2010 |website=People.com}}</ref>
|-
| {{Ntsh|58}} 58 years, 5 months
| {{Hs|2007-12-01}} December 2007
| {{sortname|Türkan|Katicelik|nolink=1}}
| Germany
| Türkan Katicelik, a Turkish woman living in [[Aschaffenburg]], [[Germany]], gave birth to a daughter, Karya, in December 2007. The child weighed 2.1&nbsp;kg, was 46&nbsp;cm tall and was delivered by caesarean section. She had had several miscarriages before she gave birth to her first child. She used IVF with an anonymous 25-year-old donor's oocytes. In 2008, she announced she was a bit younger than had previously been reported, due to a mistake in the official registration. She would be 60 in July 2009, meaning she had been about {{frac|58|1|2}} at the birth.<ref>{{cite journal|last=Benöhr-Laqueur |first=Susanne |url=http://www.thiemeconnect.de/ejournals/abstract/hebamme/doi/10.1055/s-2008-1081378 |title=Sollten Frauen jenseits der Menopause Mütter werden können? - Eine rechtspolitische Analyse |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120322161157/http://www.thiemeconnect.de/ejournals/abstract/hebamme/doi/10.1055/s-2008-1081378 |archive-date=2012-03-22 |others=Die Hebamme, 2008, Heft 21, S. 150 ff|journal=Die Hebamme |year=2008 |volume=21 |issue=3 |pages=150–153 |doi=10.1055/s-2008-1081378 |s2cid=162365387 |url-access=subscription }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.welt.de/welt_print/article2808371/Welt.html |title=Deutschland Älteste Gebärende ist doch etwas jünger|trans-title=The oldest woman giving birth is a little younger|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110612140737/http://www.welt.de/welt_print/article2808371/Welt.html |archive-date=2011-06-12 |website=Welt |access-date=December 1, 2008}}</ref>
|-
| {{Ntsh|58}} 58 years, 6 months
| {{Hs|1998-01-01}} 1998
| {{sortname|Lin|Fu-mei|nolink=1}}
| Republic of China
| Lin Fu-mei, of Republic of China (Taiwan), whose age was reported between 58 and 59, gave birth to twin daughters in 1998.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2004/11/09/health/main654462.shtml |title=CBS News &#124; Mom, 56, Shows off New Twins |website=cbsnews.com |access-date=22 May 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20041111055005/http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2004/11/09/health/main654462.shtml |archive-date=11 November 2004 }}</ref>
|-
| {{Ntsh|59}} 59 years
| {{Hs|1993-12-25}} December 1993
| {{sortname|Jennifer|F.|nolink=1}}
| United Kingdom
| Jennifer F. (not released name), millionnaire British businesswoman, gave birth to twin boys in a [[London]] hospital on December 25, 1993, at the age of 59, after undergoing IVF treatment in [[Rome]], [[Italy]], with the help of Dr. [[Severino Antinori]]. The oocytes from an Italian 22-year-old donor and the sperm of Jennifer's 45-year-old husband were used. This case produced much ethical debate in UK.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1993/12/29/world/birth-to-59-year-old-briton-raises-ethical-storm.html|title=Birth to 59-Year-Old Briton Raises Ethical Storm|first=William E.|last=Schmidt|date=29 December 1993|access-date=3 May 2022|website=[[The New York Times]]}}</ref>
|-
| {{Ntsh|59}} 59 years
| {{Hs|1997-08-20}} August 1997
| {{sortname|Dawn|Brooke|nolink=1}}
| United Kingdom
| Dawn Brooke of [[Guernsey]], [[Channel Islands]], gave birth to a son by Caesarian section on August 20, 1997, at the age of 59. She became pregnant unexpectedly, initially mistaking the symptoms she experienced for [[cancer]], and is the oldest mother currently known to have conceived naturally. It has been speculated that the hormone replacement therapy which she had may have contributed to her ability to [[ovulation|ovulate]] past menopause.<ref>Farmer, Ben. (August 20, 2007). "[https://web.archive.org/web/20071029025554/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/main.jhtml?xml=/news/2007/08/20/nbirth120.xml UK woman, 59, world's oldest natural mother]." ''The Telegraph.'' Retrieved September 28, 2007</ref>
|-
| {{Ntsh|59}} 59 years<br /><small>(also 57 years)</small>
| {{Hs|2004-10-01}} October 2004
| {{sortname|Sandra|Lennon|nolink=1}}
| United Kingdom
| Sandra Lennon of [[Byfleet, Surrey]], who already had two adult children from her first marriage, gave birth to her son Alex in October 2004, at the age of 59. It was her second child born after IVF treatment, the first of them, son Joshua, had been born in the beginning of 2003.<ref name="Sandra Lennon">{{Cite news|url=https://www.standard.co.uk/hp/front/woman-59-has-second-testtube-baby-7085385.html|title=Woman, 59, has second test-tube baby|first=Rob |last=Singh|date=13 April 2012|newspaper=[[Evening Standard]]|access-date=3 May 2022}}</ref>
|-
| {{Ntsh|59}} 59 years
| {{Hs|2005-09-13}} 2005
| {{sortname|Svetlana|Glazyrina|nolink=1}}
| Russia
| Svetlana Glazyrina, of [[Sochi]], [[Russia]], gave birth to her first child, a boy, Camille Rinat, weighing 3.8&nbsp;kg and 54&nbsp;cm tall, on September 13, 2005, at the age of 59. She had been trying to have children since her marriage at age 44. After seven unsuccessful pregnancies she decided to go through IVF treatment.<ref>{{in lang|ru}} "[http://www.newsru.com/russia/06oct2005/rody59.html Жительница Сочи родила первенца в 59 лет]"</ref>
|-
| {{Ntsh|59}} 59 years
| {{Hs|2014-01-01}} 2014
| {{sortname|Barbara|Sienkiewicz|nolink=1}} 
| Poland
| The Polish actress gave birth to twins, a girl named Anna and a boy named Piotr.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://jastrzabpost.pl/newsy/kto-urodzil-po-40-tce_1055007.html | title=Te gwiazdy urodziły po 40-tce: Krupa, Rozenek, Mrozowska, Glinka. Kto jeszcze? Lista jest naprawdę długa | date=17 June 2021 }}</ref>
|-
| {{Ntsh|59}} 59 years, 9 months, 11 days
| {{Hs|2006-05-22}} May 2006
| {{sortname|Lauren|Cohen|nolink=1}}
| United States
| Lauren Cohen of [[Paramus, New Jersey|Paramus]], New Jersey, born on August 11, 1946, already mother of a 27-year-old daughter, Renee, of her first marriage, gave birth to twins, a boy and a girl, Giselle & Gregory, in [[New York City|New York]], on May 22, 2006, at the age of 59 years, 9 months, and 11 days. Lauren Cohen and her husband, Frank Garcia, had previously had a daughter, Raquel, together through IVF in December 2004, using the husband's sperm and an egg from a donor. The couple, faced with either [[embryo adoption|giving away]] the [[embryo]]s left over from the first IVF treatment or letting them be destroyed, decided to try again. As to why she chose to have children at such a late age, with a husband approximately 20 years her junior, Lauren Cohen stated, "I just thought it would be unfair to Frank for him to marry me and never have the opportunity to have a child. He never asked me to have a child, but I knew it would make him happy".<ref name="Lauren Cohen" />
|-
| {{Ntsh|59}} 59 years
| {{Hs|1949-01-29}} January 1949
| {{sortname|Inez|Turley|nolink=1}}
|United States
| Mrs. Fred. J. Turley, 59, Wife of a 65-year-old Helena, Ark. Barber says the birth of her sixth child was "An answer to a prayer." Their other children are dead. Two died in the war. Dr. Eva Dodge of the University of Arkansas medical school termed Mrs. Turley's case "Very Unusual." The mother will be 60 in April 1949.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.newspapers.com/image/147161302/?terms=fred+turley&match=1|title=7 Feb 1949, Page 7 - Reno Gazette-Journal|website=Newspapers.com|access-date=3 May 2022}}</ref>
|-
| {{Ntsh|60}} 60 years
| {{Hs|1995-01-01}} 1996
| {{sortname|Haristoula|Karioti|nolink=1}}
| Greece
| Haristoula Karioti from Rhodes, Greece, gave birth to twin sons at the age of 60, after IVF treatment in Athens, Greece. She was pregnant with triplets, but the doctors later decided to reduce the number of fetuses by one. She entered menopause years after the birth of her children - her mother, too, had entered menopause at a very late age.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.rodiaki.gr/article/419097/sta-60-ths-gennhse-sta-70-ths-eixe-didyma-10-xronwn-kai-sta-83-ths-xairetai-mazi-toys|title=Στα 60 της γέννησε, στα 70 της είχε δίδυμα 10 χρονών και στα 83 της χαίρεται μαζί τους! &#124; Η Ροδιακη|date=30 July 2019|website=Rodiaki.gr|access-date=3 May 2022}}</ref>
|-
| {{Ntsh|60}} 60 years
| {{Hs|1997-11-01}} November 1997
| {{sortname|Elizabeth Ann "Liz"|Jeffrey Buttle|nolink=1}}
| United Kingdom
| Elizabeth Ann Jeffrey "Liz" Buttle, of [[Wales]], already mother of a 41-year-old daughter, Belinda, she had at the age of 19, gave birth to a son, Joe, in November 1997, at the age of 60, after she had informed doctors that she was 49, although she was 59 actually, in order to be eligible for IVF.{{citation needed|date=October 2017}} Buttle's husband died of a heart attack several years earlier; she started a new relationship and was desperate to have another child.<ref name="buttle">{{cite web |url=http://www.iol.co.za/lifestyle/i-gave-birth-at-60-1.622382 |title=I gave birth at 60 |work=IOL}}</ref> Her only previous child, daughter Belinda, was born in 1956, when Liz was 19, so she is probably the woman with the longest interval between two births.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.genetic-genealogy.co.uk/supp/examples.html|title=Genetic And Quantitative Aspects Of Genealogy - Examples of Unusua Relationships and Genalogoical Rarities|website=Genetic-genealogy.co.uk|access-date=3 May 2022}}</ref> As of September 2006, Buttle was still alive.<ref name="buttle" />
|-
| {{Ntsh|60}} 60 years
| {{Hs|2007-05-22}} May 2007
| {{sortname|Frieda|Birnbaum|nolink=1}}
| United States
| Dr Frieda Birnbaum of [[Saddle River, New Jersey|Saddle River]], New Jersey, gave birth to twin sons, Jake and Jared, on May 22, 2007, at the age of 60. The babies weighed {{cvt|4|lb|11|oz|2}} each and were delivered by Caesarean section. Frieda Birnbaum underwent IVF at a [[South Africa]]n fertility clinic specializing in older women. She and her husband, who have a 6-year-old son and two adult children, a 33-year-old son and a 29-year-old daughter, said that they wanted their younger son to have siblings close in age. Hospital officials believe Dr Frieda Birnbaum may be the oldest woman to give birth to twins in the United States.<ref>"[https://www.cbsnews.com/news/60-year-old-woman-gives-birth-to-twins/ 60-Year-Old Woman Gives Birth To Twins]." (May 24, 2007). ''CBS News.'' Retrieved May 25, 2007</ref>
|-
| {{Ntsh|60}} 60 years
| {{Hs|2009-02-01}} February 2009
| {{sortname|Ranjit|Hayer|nolink=1}}
| Canada
| Ranjit Hayer of [[Calgary, Alberta|Calgary]], Alberta, gave birth to twin boys, in February 2009, at the age of 60, became pregnant through fertility treatments and IVF practiced in India, after several miscarriages in several years.<ref>"[https://www.ctvnews.ca/60-year-old-calgary-woman-gives-birth-to-twins-1.367423 60-year-old Calgary woman gives birth to twins]"</ref>
|-
| {{Ntsh|60}} 60 years
| {{Hs|2010-05-25}} May 2010
| {{sortname|Wu|Cheng|nolink=1}}
| China
| Wu Cheng, 60-year-old Chinese woman, gave birth to twin girls prematurely via Caesarean section in Hefei on May 25, 2010. The woman and her husband decided to go through IVF treatment after the death of their 28-year-old daughter Tingting and son-in-law. The woman has said: "The girls give me and my husband the courage to live on. Despite the fact that we are old, we have the confidence to bring them up."<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/asia/china/7770568/Chinese-woman-60-gives-birth-to-twins.html |title=Chinese woman, 60, gives birth to twins |date=27 May 2010 |work=Telegraph.co.uk}}</ref>
|-
| {{Ntsh|60}} 60 years
| {{Hs|2012-01-26}} January 2012
| {{sortname|Raju|Ben|nolink=1}}
| India
| Raju Ben of gave birth to a son in [[Jaipur]] in January 2012, at the age of 60.<ref name="janef">{{cite web |url=https://www.jainfertility.com/testimonials.html |title=Medical Miracle: 60 years old woman delivers a healthy child |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160120214947/http://www.jainfertility.com/testimonials.html |archive-date=2016-01-20 }}</ref> Married for 40 years, she suffered with four miscarriages in the past and had multiple surgeries on her tubes & uterus because of tuberculosis, ovarian cysts, etc., thus making her impossible to conceive, so she and her husband decided to try IVF.<ref name="janef" />
|-
| {{Ntsh|60}} 60 years
| {{Hs|2015-05-30}} May 2015
| {{sortname|Punjiben|Patel|nolink=1}}
| India
| Punjiben Patel of Vond village of [[Bhachau]] in [[Kutch district]], [[Gujarat]], gave birth to a son in May 2015, at the age of 60. Married in 1982, she and her husband failed to conceive naturally. Patel became pregnant after the first attempt of IVF.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.mumbaimirror.com/mumbai/cover-story/Age-is-no-worry-for-miracle-mom-at-60-says-god-has-a-plan/articleshow/47659521.cms |title=Age is no worry for miracle mom-at-60, saya God has a plan |access-date=2016-02-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151214205811/http://www.mumbaimirror.com/mumbai/cover-story/Age-is-no-worry-for-miracle-mom-at-60-says-god-has-a-plan/articleshow/47659521.cms |archive-date=2015-12-14 }}</ref>
|-
| {{Ntsh|60}} 60 years
| {{Hs|2017-06-20}} June 2017
| {{sortname|Atifa|Nokić|nolink=1}}
| Serbia
| Atifa Nokić of [[Novi Pazar]], [[Serbia]], gave birth on 20 June 2017, at the age of 60. Nokić and her 68-year-old husband Šerif became fifth time parents with the help of IVF treatment.<ref>"[http://www.blic.rs/vesti/srbija/majka-u-60-godini-ona-je-druga-najstarija-porodilja-u-istoriji-srbije-i-evo-sta-o/nnhmne5 Majka U 60. Godini Ona je druga najstarija porodilja u Istoriji Srbije i evo šta o tome Ima Da Kaže]"</ref>
|-
|-
| {{Ntsh|60}} 60 years, 10 months, 19 days
| {{Hs|2010-01-11}} January 2010
| {{sortname|Lia Georgia|Triff|nolink=1}}
| Romania
| Princess Lia Georgia Triff, wife of Prince [[Paul-Philippe Hohenzollern]] disputed claimant to the throne of Romania, gave birth in [[Romania]] to the Prince Carol Ferdinand Hohenzollern on January 11, 2010; born on February 23, 1949, she was then 60 years, 10 months, and 19 days. She previously had a daughter born in 1973 from her first union as the fifth wife of lawyer [[Melvin Belli]] Later, Lia Triff alleged that she used her own frozen eggs.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.realitatea.net/printesa-lia-a-nascut-un-baietel--care-se-va-numi-carol-ferdinand-al-romaniei_694924.html |title=Stiri – stiri online, stiri TV, stiri video, stiri mobil |date=6 April 2016 |work=realitatea.net |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100801082653/http://www.realitatea.net/printesa-lia-a-nascut-un-baietel--care-se-va-numi-carol-ferdinand-al-romaniei_694924.html |archive-date=1 August 2010 }}</ref>
|-
| {{Ntsh|61}} 61 years
| {{Hs|1988-01-16}} January 1988
| {{sortname|Cecilia|Tuaileva|nolink=1}}
| Australia
| Cecilia Tuaileva, [[Australia]]n woman, gave birth to a son on January 16, 1988, at the age of 61. She has used IVF with oocytes donation fertilized by her husband's sperm.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.nealirc.org/Gerontology/FamilyRecord.html|title=Family Records|website=Nealirc.org}}</ref>
|-
| {{Ntsh|61}} 61 years
| {{Hs|1992-07-27}} July 1992
| {{sortname|Liliana|Cantadori|nolink=1}}
| Italy
| Liliana Cantadori gave birth to a son in [[Modena]], [[Italy]] on July 27, 1992, at the age of 61. She used IVF with oocytes donation fertilized by her husband's sperm.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.people.com/people/archive/article/0,,20107350,00.html|title=Turning Back the Clock|website=People.com|access-date=3 May 2022}}</ref>
|-
| {{Ntsh|61}} 61 years
| {{Hs|2011-02-13}} February 2011
| {{sortname|Kristine|Casey|nolink=1}}
| United States
| Kristine Casey gave birth to her own grandson Finnean Lee on February 13, 2011, at Prentice Women's Hospital in [[Chicago]], Illinois, at the age of 61. She chose to act as a surrogate for her 36-year-old daughter Sara Connell, who is infertile. Kidney complications affecting the surrogate mother shortly after birth were quickly resolved.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.digitaljournal.com/article/303696 |title=Grandmother, 61, gives birth to daughter's baby |website=digitaljournal.com |access-date=22 May 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110228032801/http://www.digitaljournal.com/article/303696 |archive-date=28 February 2011 }}</ref>
|-
| {{Ntsh|61}} 61 years
| {{Hs|2012-10-26}} October 2012
| {{sortname|Antônia Letícia|Asti|nolink=1}}
| Brazil
| Antônia Letícia Asti, a Brazilian woman from [[Santos, São Paulo|Santos]], 40&nbsp;km south-east [[São Paulo]], [[State of São Paulo]], gave birth, two months before term, to twins, Sofia and Roberto, weighing {{Cvt|900|g|lb|2}} each, on October 26, 2012, one week after her a 61st birthday, after a post-menopausal IVF treatment using her own frozen oocytes fertilized by her husband (age 55 at the twins birth) remaining after their three previous unsuccessful attempts since 1992.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.huffpost.com/entry/antonia-leticia-asti-61-year-old-mother-gives-birth-to-twins_n_2025486|title=Look: 61 Year-Old Woman Gives Birth To Twins|date=26 October 2012|website=HuffPost|access-date=3 May 2022}}</ref>
|-
| {{Ntsh|61}} 61 years
| {{Hs|2019-03-25}} March 2019
| {{sortname|Cecile|Eledge|nolink=1}}
| United States
| Cecile Eledge, a woman living in Nebraska, gave birth to her own granddaughter Uma on March 25, 2019, at the age of 61. She chose to be a gestational surrogate for her son and his husband and used IVF with oocytes donated from her son-in-law's sister and fertilized with her son's sperm.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.nbcnews.com/feature/nbc-out/help-gay-son-61-year-old-woman-gives-birth-own-n989651|title=To help gay son, 61-year-old woman gives birth to own grandchild|website=NBC News|date=April 2019 }}</ref>
|-
| {{Ntsh|62}} 62 years
| {{Hs|1992-08-01}} August 1992
| {{sortname|Concetta|Ditessa|nolink=1}}
| Italy
| Concetta Ditessa, a housewife from a Calabrian village in southern Italy, was due to give birth to a boy in August 1992. She was impregnated with an egg from a 30-year-old woman that was fertilized with sperm from Ditessa's husband, who is 53. There is no trace of an article about her childbirth, but her pregnancy referred to around 6 months of gestation, she probably has not had a miscarriage at this stage.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.pregnancyover44.com/2012_03_01_archive.html |title=Stories of Pregnancy and Birth over 40 years old: 03/2012 – 04/2012 |publisher=Pregnancyover44.com |access-date=2012-08-13}}</ref>
|-
| {{Ntsh|62}} 62 years
| {{Hs|2001-05-14}} May 2001
| {{sortname|Jeanine|Salomone|nolink=1}}
| France
| Jeanine Salomone, French retired teacher, gave birth to a son, Benoît-David, on May 14, 2001, in [[Fréjus]], [[Var (department)|Var]], [[France]], at the age of 62. It is against the law in France for post-menopausal women to receive IVF, so she went to the US for treatment. The case caused some ethical debate because the two eggs donated to Jeanine by a Californian woman were inseminated with sperm from Jeanine's brother, Robert: one was brought to term by Jeanine, the other by the donor as surrogate, who will give birth the week after, on May 22, 2001, to Marie-Cécile, her biological daughter promised to Jeanine. Their doctor was not informed that Jeanine and Robert were sister and brother; he thought that they were a married couple. The infants were reportedly born into a fraught family atmosphere in which Jeanine and Robert hate each other and are wrangling over a family inheritance.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/1400061.stm |title=Doctor hits back in IVF row |date=2001-06-21 }}</ref> Jeanine Salomone died on June 18, 2015, aged 75.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.dansnoscoeurs.fr/jeanine-salomone/1442902/avis|title=Espace souvenirs de Jeanine Salomone |website=Dansnoscoeurs.fr|access-date=3 May 2022}}</ref>
|-
| {{Ntsh|62}} 62 years
| {{Hs|2004-04-12}} April 2004
| {{sortname|Amma|Bhavani|nolink=1}}
| India
| Amma Bhavani, of [[Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala|Thiruvananthapuram]], southern [[India]], gave birth to a son by Caesarean section on April 12, 2004, at the age of 62, after an IVF treatment with oocytes donation fertilized by sperm taken from the sperm bank.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-kerala/62-year-old-woman-gives-birth-to-baby-boy/article27607538.ece|title=62-year-old woman gives birth to baby boy|first=Our Staff|last=Reporter|newspaper=The Hindu|date=May 5, 2004|via=thehindu.com}}</ref> The boy named Kannan drowned in a bucket in 2006, and in 2008 Bhavani, aged 66, was preparing for the second IVF attempt.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.sify.com/news/at-66-her-quest-for-motherhood-is-still-on-news-national-jegqBAieefgsi.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151209154325/http://www.sify.com/news/at-66-her-quest-for-motherhood-is-still-on-news-national-jegqBAieefgsi.html |archive-date=December 9, 2015 |title=At 66, her quest for motherhood is still on |work=Sify}}</ref>
|-
| {{Ntsh|62}} 62 years<br/><small>(also 59 years)</small>
| {{Hs|2006-02-19}} February 2006
| {{sortname|Janise|Wulf|nolink=1}}
| United States
| Janise Wulf of [[Redding, California|Redding]], California, gave birth to a boy, Adam Charles, her 12th child, on February 19, 2006, at the age of 62. The baby was delivered by Caesarean section, weighing {{cvt|6|lb|10|oz|2}}, and was conceived through in-vitro fertilization (IVF). Her doctor stated that, for women over 35, giving birth can have risks, but he agreed to oversee the procedure because Janise Wulf was in good health. She and her second husband, Scott, said that they decided to have children together because Scott had not had any children in his previous marriage, and because they did not want their other son, Ian, born late 2002, also conceived through IVF, to grow up an only child. Of the 10 children Janise Wulf had previously, before Ian, the oldest was 40 at the time of the birth, and the youngest was 24. Janise Wulf also has 20 grandchildren and 3 great-grandchildren.<ref name="Wulf">"[https://abcnews.go.com/GMA/Health/story?id=1637601&page=1 Great-Grandmother Gives Birth at 62]." (February 19, 2006). ''ABC News.'' Retrieved March 4, 2003</ref><ref>Goldenberg, Suzanne. (February 23, 2006). "[https://www.theguardian.com/usa/story/0,,1715946,00.html Woman, 62, gives birth to 12th child]." ''The Guardian.'' Retrieved March 4, 2007</ref>
|-
| {{Ntsh|62}} 62 years
| {{Hs|2006-07-05}} July 2006
| {{sortname|Patricia "Patti"|Rashbrook Farrant|nolink=1}}
| United Kingdom
| [[Patricia Rashbrook]], already mother of 3 adult children, ages 26, 22, and 18, from her first union, gave birth to a son, Jude, in [[Brighton]], [[England]], on July 5, 2006, at the age of 62. She and her husband, John Farrant, received, in Russia, IVF treatment from the same Italian fertility expert who the Della Cortes had consulted, [[Severino Antinori]]. The birth of the baby, which was born by Caesarean section and weighed {{cvt|6|lb|10.5|oz|2}}, sparked debate over the ethics of late motherhood in the U.K.<ref>"[https://web.archive.org/web/20070323053837/http://www.ctv.ca/servlet/ArticleNews/story/CTVNews/20060710/british_birth_old_060710/20060710 62-year-old British woman gives birth]." (July 10, 2006). ''CTV.ca.'' Retrieved March 4, 2007</ref><ref>"[http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/health/5160812.stm Briton becomes new mother at 62]." (July 8, 2006). ''BBC News.'' Retrieved March 4, 2007</ref> 
|-
| {{Ntsh|62}} 62 years
| {{Hs|2007-07-01}} July 2007
| {{sortname|Mileva|Radulovic|nolink=1}}
| Montenegro
| Mileva Radulovic of [[Danilovgrad]], northwest of [[Podgorica]], [[Montenegro]], gave birth in July 2007, at the age of 62. Radulovic and her 69-year-old husband Sreten became first time parent after 35 years of marriage with the help of IVF treatment.<ref>"[http://social.moldova.org/news/montenegro-woman-has-first-child-at-62-63710-eng.html Montenegro woman has first child at 62] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110722152928/http://social.moldova.org/news/montenegro-woman-has-first-child-at-62-63710-eng.html |date=2011-07-22}}</ref> As of March 2015, Mileva was a widow and her son, Savo, was a schoolboy.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://volimpodgoricu.me/2015/03/29/majka-hrabrost-koja-je-rodila-u-62-oj-danas-sama-podi-e-sina-nikada-se-ne-predajem/ |title="Majka hrabrost" koja je rodila u 62-oj, danas sama podiže sina: Nikada se ne predajem |first=Vesna |last=Radojević |date=29 March 2015 }}</ref>
|-
| {{Ntsh|62}} 62 years
| {{Hs|2010-05-05}} May 2010
| {{sortname|Krasimira|Dimitrova|nolink=1}}
| Bulgaria
| Bulgarian psychiatrist Krasimira Dimitrova, from [[Ruse, Bulgaria|Ruse]], Bulgaria, gave birth on May 5, 2010, to female twins, Mary and Jacqueline, weighing only 0.5 and 0.9&nbsp;kg, after IVF treatment, at the age of 62. She decided to become pregnant after she was refused the option of adoption because of her age. Jacqueline died on June 13, 2010.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.dnes.bg/stranata/2010/06/13/pochina-edno-ot-bliznachetata-na-62-godishnata-krasimira.92678|title=Почина едно от близначетата на 62-годишната Красимира &#124; Dnes.bg|website=dnes.bg}}</ref> Dimitrova was initially impregnated with triplets, but later doctors decided to remove one of the foetuses. She is only the second known woman aged over 60 that has given birth to twins.<ref>"[http://www.novinite.com/view_news.php?id=116158 Bulgarian Psychiatrist Becomes Mother at 62]."</ref> As of April 2018, Dimitrova was still alive, and Mary was in the second grade.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bgdnes.bg/Article/6834814|title=Най-възрастната родилка спря да излиза|website=Bgdnes.bg|date=27 April 2018 |access-date=3 May 2022}}</ref>
|-
| {{Ntsh|62}} 62 years
| {{Hs|2015-02-01}} February 2015
| {{sortname|Galina|Shubenina|nolink=1}}
| Russia
| Galina Shubenina of [[Moscow]] gave birth to a daughter in February 2015, at the age of 62. She wanted to have a child after the death of her son from previous marriage.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://informing.ru/2015/02/21/rodivshaya-v-62-goda-zhitelnica-moskvy-nazvala-doch-kleopatroy.html|title=Родившая в 62 года жительница Москвы назвала дочь Клеопатрой » Информинг. Информируем о главном|website=informing.ru|date=14 May 2024 }}</ref>
|-
| {{Ntsh|62.09}} 62 years, 9 months
| {{Hs|1994-07-18}} July 1994
| {{sortname|Rosanna|Della Corte|nolink=1}}
| Italy
| Rosanna Della Corte of [[Canino]], [[Italy]] gave birth to a son, Riccardo, on July 18, 1994, at the age of 62. After their first son was killed when a car crashed into his motorcycle in 1991, Rosanna Della Corte and her husband, Mauro, decided to attempt to have a second child. The couple tried to adopt, but were unable to, as under Italian law an adoptive parent could be no more than 40 years older than their potential child. Mauro read in the newspaper about an Italian doctor, [[Severino Antinori]], who had helped a woman in her late 50s have a child. With Dr. Antinori's help, the Della Cortes conceived through IVF with oocytes donation and Mauro's sperm. Rosanna, 60, became pregnant on the first attempt, but [[miscarriage|miscarried]] after 40 days, and it took 6 more attempts before there was success. She was then just 62.<ref>D'Emilio, Frances. (July 22, 1997). "[http://www.southcoasttoday.com/daily/07-97/07-22-97/c01ho111.htm#cut A child to relieve her grief] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20041109065338/http://www.southcoasttoday.com/daily/07-97/07-22-97/c01ho111.htm |date=2004-11-09 }}." ''SouthCoast Today.'' Retrieved March 4, 2007</ref>
|-
| {{Ntsh|63}} 63 years
| {{Hs|2011-03-22}} March 2011
| {{sortname|Tineke|Geessink|nolink=1}}
| Netherlands
| Tineke Geessink of [[Harlingen, Netherlands|Harlingen]], [[Netherlands]], gave birth to daughter Meagan on March 22, 2011, at the age of 63. Single mother Tineke Geessink, currently the oldest woman in the Netherlands to ever give birth, explained to press that she had always longed for a child and chose to do so "whatever way she could". She was treated by the famous Italian doctor [[Severino Antinori]], who implanted a donated oocyte fertilized with donated sperm; the Dutch limit for such treatments is at age 45.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Moeder Geessink (63): Jonge moeder is niet altijd beter |work=AD Nieuws en Sport |url=https://www.ad.nl/ad/nl/1012/Binnenland/article/detail/574434/2011/03/22/Moeder-Geessink-63-Jonge-moeder-is-niet-altijd-beter.dhtml |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110326025805/https://www.ad.nl/ad/nl/1012/Binnenland/article/detail/574434/2011/03/22/Moeder-Geessink-63-Jonge-moeder-is-niet-altijd-beter.dhtml |archive-date=2011-03-26 |access-date=3 May 2022}}</ref> The announcement of Geessink's pregnancy sparked a debate about the ethics of late motherhood in the Netherlands. Geessink died on June 25, 2020, leaving behind her, then, 9-year-old daughter.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://nos.nl/artikel/2340271-tineke-geessink-die-op-haar-63e-moeder-werd-overleden.html |title=Tineke Geessink, die op haar 63e moeder werd, overleden |language=nl |trans-title=Tineke Geessink, who became mother at 63, passed away |author=<!--Not stated--> |website=[[Nederlandse Omroep Stichting|NOS]].nl |date=10 July 2020 |publisher=NOS |access-date=July 11, 2020 }}</ref>
|-
| {{Ntsh|63}} 63 years, 9 months
| {{Hs|1996-11-07}} November 1996
| {{sortname|Arceli|Keh|nolink=1}}
| United States
| Arceli Keh of [[Highland, California|Highland]], California, gave birth to a daughter, Cynthia, on November 7, 1996, at the age of 63 years and 9 months. She and her husband, Isagani, had been married for 16 years when they decided to try to have a child. In order to gain admission to a fertility program that had an upper age limit of 55, Kehs told doctors that she was 50, although she was in fact 10 years older at the time. Five IVF transfer cycles were required before Arceli Keh successfully became pregnant. The ovum came from a donor and was [[fertilization|fertilized]] with sperm from Arceli's husband.<ref name="jonathan"/><ref>"[https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/teachers/activities/2811_baby_01.html 18 Ways to Make a Baby: Student Handout]." (2001). ''[[Nova (American TV program)|NOVA Online]]'' . Retrieved March 7, 2007</ref>
|-
| {{Ntsh|64}} 64 years
| {{Hs|2004-02-23}} February 2004
| {{sortname|Papathiammal|Subramaniam|nolink=1}}
| India
| Papathiammal Subramaniam gave birth to a son in [[Erode]], [[Tamil Nadu]], [[India]] on February 23, 2004, at the age of 64. The baby was delivered by Caesarean section and weighed {{cvt|1.75|kg}}. He was conceived through IVF, with an ovum donated by a 30-year-old Papathiammal's cousin and the sperm of Papathiammal's husband, a 74-year-old farmer until then remained without son.<ref>"[http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/health/3515059.stm 64-year-old woman delivers baby]." (February 23, 2004). ''BBC News.'' Retrieved March 4, 2007</ref>
|-
| {{Ntsh|64}} 64 years
| {{Hs|2006-10-09}} October 2006
| {{sortname|Memnune|Tiryaki|nolink=1}}
| Turkey
| Memnune Tiryaki gave birth to her first child, son Yasin, in [[Istanbul]], Turkey, on October 9, 2006, at the age of 64, after IVF treatment with oocytes donation, practiced in Turkish-occupied section of Cyprus. Tiryaki and her 62-year-old husband were trying to have children for 35 years.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.sudanvisiondaily.com/modules.php?name=News&file=print&sid=15936|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110716162717/http://www.sudanvisiondaily.com/modules.php?name=News&file=print&sid=15936|title=Turkish woman gives birth at the age of 64|archive-date=16 July 2011|access-date=3 May 2022}}</ref>
|-
| {{Ntsh|65}} 65 years
| {{Hs|2003-04-09}} April 2003
| {{sortname|Satyabhama|Mahapatra|nolink=1}}
| India
| Satyabhama Mahapatra of [[Nayagarh]], [[Odisha]], [[India]] gave birth to a son on April 9, 2003, in Raipur, at the age of 65. The baby, weighing {{cvt|6|lb|8|oz|2}} was born by Caesarean section. Mahapatra became pregnant through the help of IVF using an [[ovum]] donated by 26-year-old niece Veenarani Mahapatra (of her husband Krishnachandra Mahapatra) and spermatozoons from the husband of the latter. Krishnachandra could not fertilize his niece's oocyte himself. This was their first child after 50 years of marriage. Doctors had attempted to persuade the couple not to have IVF. Satyabhama Mahapatra was also hospitalized for the [[Third trimester|last trimester]] of her pregnancy.<ref>"[http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/health/2932561.stm Indian 'is world's oldest mother']." (April 9, 2003). ''BBC News.'' Retrieved March 4, 2007</ref>
|-
| {{Ntsh|65}} 65 years
| {{Hs|2015-05-01}} May 2015
| {{sortname|Haya|Shahar|nolink=1}}
| Israel
| Haya Shahar, of [[Bnei Brak]], [[Israel]], who was unable to have a baby during her 46-year marriage with Shmuel, gave birth to a son in May 2015 at Meir Medical Center in [[Kfar Saba]]. She became the oldest woman in Israel to give birth. The IVF was performed abroad since it is illegal in Israel to perform IVF on a woman over 54.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.jpost.com/Israel-News/At-65-hassidic-woman-from-Bnai-Brak-becomes-oldest-in-Israel-to-give-birth-403424 |title=At 65, hassidic woman from Bnei Brak becomes oldest in Israel to give birth |work=The Jerusalem Post – JPost.com|date=18 May 2015 }}</ref>
|-
| {{Ntsh|65}} 65 years
| {{Hs|2015-05-01}} May 2015
| {{sortname|Annegret|Raunigk|nolink=1}}
| Germany
| Annegret Raunigk, a Berliner, age 55 years and 9 months, professor of English and Russian, already the mother of 12 children (5 girls and 7 boys) ages 34 to 13 years – Antje (♀) 34, Ellen (♀) 31, Bjarne (♂) 30, Torben (♂) 27, Lieven (♂) 25, Tjard (♂) 24, Inken (♀) 23, Svea (♀) 20, Lennart (♂) 19, Velten (♂) 18, Ingvar (♂) 17, and Auda (♀) 13, all with Nordic names to be distinct from those of her students, born of five different fathers, and grandmother of six grandchildren ages 16 years to 6 months, gave birth, in late October 2005, in [[Berlin]], [[Germany]], to a daughter, Lelia, her 13th child, conceived naturally. Shortly before this last delivery, she had to flee with her six cadets children still living at home, in Hungary, where is born her last grandson.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://diestandard.at/1287099818895/Schwanger-mit-50-Spaete-Mutter-Bloedsinn |title=Späte Mutter? Blödsinn! |work=derStandard.at}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.rund-ums-baby.de/forenarchiv/schwanger-mit-35plus/Schon-gelesen-schaut-mal_340.htm|title=schon gelesen? schaut mal!!! &#124; Forenarchiv &#124; Alle Antworten für Eltern|website=rund-ums-baby.de}}</ref> In May 2015, Raunigk gave birth to quadruplets at age 65 after IVF with donated eggs.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.cnn.com/2015/05/24/europe/germany-grandmother-quadruplets/index.html?sr=cnnifb |title=Report: German woman, 65, gives birth to quadruplets |first=Jethro |last=Mullen |date=24 May 2015 |work=CNN}}</ref>
|-
| {{Ntsh|66}} 66 years
| {{Hs|1999-04-01}} April 1999
| {{sortname|Harriet|Stole|nolink=1}}
| United Kingdom
| Harriet Stole of [[Southgate, London|Southgate]], North [[London]] gave birth to a son, Henry Thomas, in April 1999 at age 66 after agreeing to be a surrogate mother for her infertile daughter in-law (Lucy Handerson Stole). Lucy and her husband- Harriet's son (Ross Stole) had an egg fertilized and later implanted into the womb of Harriet. The child was born prematurely at 8 months, weighing {{Cvt|4|lb|5|oz|2}}, but survived and is healthy.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://medicalethicshealthpolicy.med.upenn.edu/|title=Penn Medical Ethics and Health Policy &#124; Home|website=medicalethicshealthpolicy.med.upenn.edu}}</ref>
|-
| {{Ntsh|66}} 66 years
| {{Hs|2009-05-28}} May 2009
| {{sortname|Elizabeth|Adeney|nolink=1}}
| United Kingdom
| Elizabeth "Lizzie" Adeney, aged 66, gave birth to a {{cvt|5|lb|3|oz|2}} son, Jolyon, in [[Addenbrooke's Hospital]], [[Cambridge]], England, on May 28, 2009, becoming Britain's oldest mother. The child, who was conceived through IVF treatment in Ukraine from oocyte and sperm donations, was delivered by Caesarean section.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/5429143/Britains-oldest-mother-Elizabeth-Adeney-takes-son-home.html|title=Britain's oldest mother Elizabeth Adeney takes son home|first=Jeni|last=Oppenheimer|date=June 2, 2009|via=telegraph.co.uk}}</ref>
|-
| {{Ntsh|66}} 66 years 
| {{Hs|2011-02-01}} February 2011
| {{sortname|Valentyna|Pidverbna|nolink=1}}
| Ukraine
| Valentyna Pidverbna, unmarried woman, aged 66, gave birth to her first child, a girl weighing 3.3&nbsp;kg and being 54&nbsp;cm height in [[Chernihiv]], [[Ukraine]] in February 2011. She underwent three cycles of IVF treatment to achieve positive results.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.ukrainiansurrogates.com/ru/66-year-old-ukrainian-woman-gave-birth-to-a-healthy-girl|title=66-Ykrainian Woman Gave Birth to a Healthy Gir|website=ukrainiansurrogates.com|date=14 December 2011}}</ref>
|-
| {{Ntsh|66}} 66 years
| {{Hs|2010-06-01}} June 2010
| {{sortname|Bhateri|Devi Singh|nolink=1}}
| India
| Bhateri Devi, previously childless [[India]]n woman, gave birth to triplets, two boys and a girl, in Alewa, [[Haryana]], North of [[Delhi]], at the age of 66, after IVF treatment with oocytes donation. One of the triplets died some days after the birth.<ref>{{Cite web|author=Chinki Sinha|date=July 2, 2010|url=http://archive.indianexpress.com/news/bhateri-s-child-dies-other-2-still-at-child-care-centre/641232/|title=Bhateri's child dies, other 2 still at child care centre|work=Indian Express}}</ref> As of October 2014, Devi was still alive.<ref name="oldindians">{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-india-27775003|title=The older Indian women having children|work=BBC News|date=30 October 2014}}</ref>
|-
| {{Ntsh|66}} 66 years, 7 months, 16 days
| {{Hs|2005-01-16}} January 2005
| {{sortname|Adriana|Iliescu}}
| Romania
| [[Adriana Iliescu]], born on May 31, 1938, gave birth to a daughter Eliza Maria at a hospital in [[Bucharest]], [[Romania]] by Caesarean section on January 16, 2005, at the age of 66 years, 7 months and 16 days. After undergoing IVF using donated eggs, Iliescu initially became pregnant with [[multiple birth|triplets]], but one of the [[fetus]]es [[perinatal mortality|died]] in utero. The other two were delivered by caesarean section, but one of them was stillborn. ''New York Daily News'' said that she was the oldest recorded woman to deliver a child until 2008 when Omkari Panwar gave birth to twins.<ref name="NY Daily News Panwar"/>
|-
| {{Ntsh|66}} 66 years, 11 months, 24 days
| {{Hs|2006-12-29}} December 2006
| {{sortname|Maria del Carmen|Bousada de Lara}}
| Spain
| [[Maria del Carmen Bousada de Lara]] called Carmela Bousada (b. January 5, 1940, d. July 11, 2009, age 69), from [[Cadiz]], Spain, gave birth to twin sons, Pau and Christian, at Sant Pau Hospital in [[Barcelona, Spain|Barcelona]], Spain, on December 29, 2006, at the age of 66 years, 11 months, and 24 days—one week before her 67th birthday. The babies were delivered prematurely by Caesarean section and weighed {{Cvt|3.5|lb}} each. M.C. Bousada became pregnant after receiving IVF treatment with oocytes donation and two sperm donors selected from a catalog from a fertility clinic in [[Los Angeles, California|Los Angeles]], California, which claims that Bousada informed them that she was 55 (their maximum age for IVF treatment). Her family was unaware that she had gone to the United States to undergo fertility treatment prior to the births, and thought she was joking when she told them she was pregnant. Manuel Bousada de Lara, Maria del Carmen's older brother, criticized her decision, expressing concern over whether she would be able to raise children at her age. In response to such concerns, Bousada stated, "My mum lived to be 101 and there's no reason I couldn't do the same".<ref name="huffingtonpost">{{Cite web|url=https://www.huffpost.com/entry/motherhood-is-it-ever-too_b_233916|title=Motherhood: Is It Ever Too Late?|date=15 August 2009|website=HuffPost|access-date=3 May 2022}}</ref>
Maria died on July 11, 2009, from stomach cancer, which she developed soon after giving birth to her twins; her sons were only {{frac|2|1|2}} years old then.<ref>[http://www.barcelonareporter.com/index.php?/news/comments/spanish_maria_del_carmen_bousada_de_lara_worlds_oldest_mother_dies_at_69/ Spanish Maria del Carmen Bousada de Lara World's oldest mother dies at 69] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111002030433/http://www.barcelonareporter.com/index.php?%2Fnews%2Fcomments%2Fspanish_maria_del_carmen_bousada_de_lara_worlds_oldest_mother_dies_at_69%2F |date=2011-10-02 }}, ''Barcelona Reporter'' July 15, 2009</ref>
|-
| {{Ntsh|67}} 67 years
| {{Hs|2019-10-25}} October 2019
| {{sortname|Xinju|Tian|nolink=1}}
| China
| Xinju Tian is the oldest mother to conceive naturally in China. She got pregnant at 67 and gave birth on October 25, 2019, via [[caesarean section]]. Tian and her husband Huang Weiping, 68, named their daughter Tianci, meaning "heaven sent" in [[Mandarin Chinese]]. The couple's son and daughter, both in their mid 40's, have children of their own in college and secondary school were unsupportive of their mother, along with many other doctors working at Tian's former workplace, [[Zaozhuang]] Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, where she worked as a [[paediatrician]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Davison |first=Katherine |date=2020-05-21 |title='We feel 20 years younger than before': Grandma who gave birth aged 67 tells of joy |url=https://7news.com.au/lifestyle/parenting/retiree-parents-who-welcomed-naturally-conceived-baby-aged-67-and-68-tell-of-new-life-c-1052911 |access-date=2023-08-10 |website=7NEWS |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/blog/inside-intimacy/202309/intimacy-reels-movie-analysis-of-moving-on|website=[[Psychology Today]]|title=Intimacy Reels: Celebrating Sexual Wellness in Older Adults|date=September 22, 2023|first=La Keita D.|last=Carter}}</ref>
|-
| {{Ntsh|68}} 68 years
| {{Hs|2020-04-14}} April 2020
| {{sortname|Margaret|Adenuga|nolink=1}}
| Nigeria
| Margaret Adenuga went through three previous IVF procedures before finally having twins. The babies were delivered via caesarian section at 37 weeks at the Lagos University Teaching Hospital (LUTH) but the hospital only recently made the news public to give the first-time mother time to recuperate.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.cnn.com/2020/04/22/africa/nigerian-woman-68-gives-birth-intl/index.html|title=Nigerian woman, 68, gives birth to twins after four IVF attempts|first=Bukola|last=Adebayo|date=22 April 2020|website=Cnn.com|access-date=3 May 2022}}</ref>
|-
| {{Ntsh|70}} 70 years
| {{Hs|2008-06-27}} June 2008
| {{sortname|Omkari|Panwar|nolink=1}}
| India
| Omkari Panwar gave birth to twins, a boy and a girl, in [[Muzaffarnagar]], [[Uttar Pradesh]], via emergency Caesarean section, on June 27, 2008, at the age of 70. The babies weighed {{convert|2|lb|2}} each. Omkari became pregnant through IVF treatment with a single oocytes donor, process which she and her husband pursued in order to produce a male heir. Omkari has two adult daughters and five grandchildren. However, Omkari does not have a [[birth certificate]], her age has been estimated by her claim that she was 9 years old when the [[British Raj]] left India in 1947. In response to hearing that she had possibly broken the record for world's oldest mother, Omkari stated, "If I am the world's oldest mother it means nothing to me. I just want to see my new babies and care for them while I am still able."<ref name="NY Daily News Panwar">{{cite news |url=http://www.nydailynews.com/news/world/70-year-old-woman-world-oldest-mother-birth-twins-article-1.346386 |title=70-year-old woman becomes world's oldest mother with birth of twins |date=4 July 2008 |access-date=30 November 2014}}</ref>
|-
| {{Ntsh|70}} 70 years
| {{Hs|2008-11-01}} November 2008
| {{sortname|Rajo|Devi Lohan|nolink=1}}
| India
| Rajo Devi Lohan gave birth to a daughter, Naveen, at the age of 70.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.thestar.com/news/world/2010/11/06/woman_who_gave_birth_at_70_sparks_motherhood_debate.html |title=Woman who gave birth at 70 sparks motherhood debate |date=6 November 2010 |work=thestar.com}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/2009/mar/06/fertility-problems-india |title=Randeep Ramesh meets Rajo Devi Lohan, the world's oldest mother |author=Randeep Ramesh |work=The Guardian|date=6 March 2009 }}</ref> Lohan's health soon deteriorated and nearly died due to complications following childbirth. As of October 2014, Lohan and her husband were still alive.<ref name="oldindians"/>
|-
| {{Ntsh|70}} 70 years
| {{Hs|2023-11-29}} November 2023
| {{sortname|Safina|Namukwaya}}
|Uganda
|Safina Namukwaya gave birth aged 70 to twins via caesarean section at the [[Women's Hospital International and Fertility Centre]] in [[Kampala]] on the 29th of November 2023, as reported by the hospital via Facebook, claiming she was Africa's oldest mother. She had previously given birth to a baby girl in 2020. Namukwaya reported that her husband had abandoned her after learning that she was expecting twins.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2023-11-30 |title=Seventy-year-old Ugandan woman gives birth to twins - hospital |language=en-GB |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-67577038 |access-date=2023-11-30}}</ref>
|-
| {{Ntsh|72}} 72 years
| {{Hs|2016-04-01}} April 2016
| {{sortname|Daljinder|Kaur|nolink=1}}
| India
| Daljinder Kaur gave birth to a son, Arman, on April 19, 2016, after nearly five decades of marriage and two unsuccessful IVF tries. Kaur stated her age as 70 at the time of birth, but the clinic where she had IVF treatments stated she was 72.<ref>{{cite news |author1=Arshad R. Zargar |author2=Ashley Welch |title=Woman in her 70s may be oldest ever to give birth |url=https://www.cbsnews.com/news/woman-in-her-70s-may-be-oldest-ever-to-give-birth/ |access-date=12 May 2016 |publisher=[[CBS News]] |date=12 May 2016}}</ref>
|-
| {{Ntsh|72}} 72 – 75 years
| {{Hs|2019-10-01}} October 2019
| {{sortname|Prabha|Devi|nolink=1}}
| India
| Prabha Devi gave birth to a daughter in October 2019. She stated her age as 75 at the time of birth but she could not verify it as the couple did not furnish their age-related documents. Doctors said she looked between 72 and 75.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.mirror.co.uk/news/uk-news/woman-aged-75-gives-birth-20584124|title=Woman aged 75 gives birth to her first baby after undergoing IVF treatment|first1=Taniya|last1=Dutta|first2=Kelly-Ann|last2=Mills|date=15 October 2019|website=Mirror.co.uk|access-date=3 May 2022}}</ref>
|-
| {{Ntsh|73}} 73 years
| {{Hs|2019-09-01}} September 2019
| {{sortname|Erramatti|Mangamma}}
| India
| <ref>{{Cite news|title=74-year-old woman gives birth to twins|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/2019/09/06/this-year-old-woman-just-gave-birth-twins/|newspaper=[[The Washington Post]]}}</ref>
|}

== Debate ==
Pregnancies among older women have been a subject of controversy and debate. Some argue against motherhood late in life on the basis of the health risks involved, or out of concern that an older mother might not be able to give proper care for a child as she ages, while others contend that having a child is a fundamental right and that it is commitment to a child's wellbeing, not the parents' ages, that matters.<ref>"[http://wiki.edu-research.info/infertile Motherhood At Mid-Life—A Medical and Ethical Dilema] {{webarchive|url=https://archive.today/20130929223342/http://wiki.edu-research.info/infertile |date=2013-09-29 }}." (July 1997). ''St. Louis Times.'' Retrieved March 4, 2007</ref><ref>Hinman, Lawrence M. (April 30, 1997). "[http://ethics.sandiego.edu/lmh/op-ed/parenthood/ What Counts in Parenthood?] {{webarchive|url=https://archive.today/20070730075306/http://ethics.sandiego.edu/lmh/op-ed/parenthood/ |date=2007-07-30 }}." ''San Diego Union-Tribune.'' Retrieved March 4, 2007</ref><ref name="hinman">Hinman, Lawrence M. [http://ethics.sandiego.edu/LMH/Papers/Papers/Older_Pregnancies.html Are Some Parents Too Old?] {{webarchive|url=https://archive.today/20030210174310/http://ethics.sandiego.edu/LMH/Papers/Papers/Older_Pregnancies.html |date=2003-02-10 }}. Retrieved March 4, 2007</ref>

A survey of attitudes towards pregnancy over age 50 among Australians found that 54.6% believed it was acceptable for a post-menopausal woman to have her own eggs transferred and that 37.9% believed it was acceptable for a post-menopausal woman to receive donated [[ovum|ova]] or [[embryo]]s.<ref>Bowman, M. C., & Saunders, D. M. (1994). [https://web.archive.org/web/20071029211129/http://humrep.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/abstract/9/1/167 Community attitudes to maternal age and pregnancy after assisted reproductive technology: too old at 50 years?]. ''Human Reproduction, 9 (1)'', 167-171. Retrieved March 4, 2007</ref>

Governments have sometimes taken actions to regulate or restrict later-in-life childbearing. In the 1990s, [[France]] approved a bill which prohibited post-menopausal pregnancy, which the French Minister of Health at the time, [[Philippe Douste-Blazy]], said was "... immoral as well as dangerous to the health of mother and child". In [[Italy]], the Association of Medical Practitioners and Dentists prevented its members from providing women aged 50 and over with fertility treatment. [[UK|Britain's]] then-[[Secretary of State for Health]], [[Virginia Bottomley]], stated, "Women do not have the right to have a child; the child has a right to a suitable home".<ref name="hinman"/> However, in 2005, age restrictions on IVF in the United Kingdom were officially withdrawn.<ref>Gray, Louise. (November 3, 2005). "[http://news.scotsman.com/health.cfm?id=2186242005 Couples any age to be allowed to apply for fertility treatment]." ''The Scotsman.'' Retrieved March 4, 2007</ref>

Legal restrictions are only one of the barriers confronting women seeking IVF, as many fertility clinics and hospitals set age limits of their own.<ref name="huffingtonpost"/>

== See also ==
* [[Age and female fertility]]
* [[Childlessness]]
* [[Fertility factor (demography)]]
* [[List of countries by age at first marriage]]
* [[List of oldest fathers]]
* [[List of oldest mothers]]
* [[List of people with the most children]]
* [[List of multiple births]]
* [[Mother]]
* [[Pregnancy]]
* [[Sexuality in older age]]
* [[Teenage pregnancy]]

== Citations ==
{{reflist|25em}}

== General and cited references ==
{{refbegin|25em|small=y}}
* {{cite journal
 | last1 = Jabcosson | first1 = B.
 | last2 = Ladfords | first2 = L.
 | last3 = Milsom | first3 = I.
 | year = 2004
 | title = Advanced maternal age and adverse perinatal outcome
 | journal = [[Obstetrics & Gynecology]]
 | volume = 104 | issue = 4| pages = 727–733
 | doi = 10.1097/01.aog.0000140682.63746.be
 | pmid = 15458893 | s2cid = 8652247
}}
* {{cite journal
 | last1 = Khashan | first1 = Ali S.
 | display-authors = etal
 | year = 2013
 | title = Advanced maternal age and adverse pregnancy outcome: Evidence from a large contemporary cohort
 | journal = PLOS ONE | volume = 8 | issue = 2 | pages = 1–9
 | pmid = 23437176 | pmc = 3577849 | bibcode = 2013PLoSO...856583K | doi = 10.1371/journal.pone.0056583 | doi-access = free
}}
* {{cite journal
 | last1 = Lorentzon | first1 = M.
 | display-authors = etal
 | year = 2012
 | title = Advancing maternal age is associated with lower bone mineral density in young adult male offspring
 | journal = Osteoporosis International
 | volume = 23 | issue = 2 | pages = 475–482
 | doi = 10.1007/s00198-011-1558-5
 | pmid = 21350896 | pmc = 3261413
}}
* {{cite journal
 | last1 = Nilsen | first1 = A.B.
 | display-authors = etal
 | year = 2012
 | title = Characteristics of women who are pregnant with their first baby at an advanced age
 | journal = Acta Obstetricia et Gynecologica Scandinavica
 | volume = 91 | issue = 3 | pages = 353–362
 | s2cid = 38149716 | pmid = 22150020
 | doi = 10.1111/j.1600-0412.2011.01335.x
| doi-access = free
 }}
{{refend}}

== Further reading ==
* {{cite magazine
 |author=Charlemagne
 |date=9 February 2006
 |title=The Fertility Bust
 |department=Europe
 |magazine=[[The Economist]]
 |url=http://www.economist.com/world/europe/displaystory.cfm?story_id=5494593
 |url-access=subscription
}}
* {{cite journal
 |last1=Gavrilov |first1=L.A.
 |last2=Gavrilova |first2=N.S.
 |year=1997
 |title=Parental Age at Conception and Offspring Longevity
 |journal=[[Reviews in Clinical Gerontology]]
 |volume=7 |pages=5–12
 |doi=10.1017/S0959259897000026
}}
* {{cite book
 |last1=Gavrilov |first1=L.A.
 |last2=Gavrilova |first2=N.S.
 |year=2000
 |chapter=Human Longevity and Parental Age at Conception
 |editor1-first=J.-M. |editor1-last=Robine
 |editor2-first=T.B.L. |editor2-last=Kirkwood
 |editor3-first=M. |editor3-last=Allard
 |title=Sex and Longevity: Sexuality, Gender, Reproduction, Parenthood
 |location=Berlin / Heidelberg, DE
 |publisher=Springer-Verlag
 |pages=7–31
 |isbn=3-540-67740-2
}}
* {{cite book
 |last1=Hofmeister |first1=Heather
 |last2=Mills |first2=Melinda
 |last3=Blossfeld |first3=Hans-Peter
 |year=2006
 |chapter=Globalization, Uncertainty and Women's, Mid-Career Life Courses: A Theoretical Framework
 |title=Globalization, Uncertainty, and Women's Careers : An international comparison
 |editor1-first=Hans-Peter |editor1-last=Blossfeld
 |editor2-first=Heather |editor2-last=Hofmeister
 |location=Cheltenham
 |publisher=Edward Elgar Publishing
 |pages=3–31
 |isbn=1-84542-664-9
 |chapter-url=https://fis.uni-bamberg.de/handle/uniba/13816
}}
* {{cite book
 |last1=Kohler |first1=Hans-Peter
 |last2=Billari |first2=Francesco C.
 |last3=Ortega |first3=José Antonio
 |year=2006
 |chapter=Low Fertility in Europe: Causes, Implications and Policy Options
 |editor1-last=Harris |editor1-first=Fred R.
 |title=The Baby Bust: Who will do the work? Who will pay the taxes?
 |pages=48–109
 |publisher=Rowman & Littlefield
 |isbn=978-0-7425-3855-9
 |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=75alsu8U9QAC&pg=PA48
}}
* {{cite journal
 |author1=Lesthaeghe, R.
 |author2=Neels, K.
 |year=2002
 |title=From the First to the Second Demographic Transition: An Interpretation of the Spatial Continuity of Demographic Innovation in France, Belgium and Switzerland
 |journal=European Journal of Population
 |volume=18 |issue=4 |pages=325–360
 |doi=10.1023/A:1021125800070 |s2cid=878879
}}
* {{cite thesis
 |last=Sobotka |first=Tomás
 |date=25 Nov 2004
 |title=Postponement of Childbearing and Low Fertility in Europe
 |lang=en
 |degree=Ph.D.
 |department=Faculty of Spatial Sciences
 |publisher=University of Groningen
 |place=Groningen, DE
 |hdl=11370/7fe0743c-9766-4ae9-befe-3edae1006c6e
 |isbn=9036191025
}}

== External links ==
* {{cite AV media
 |first=Tomás |last=Sobotka
 |title=Postponement of childbearing and low fertility in Europe |medium=PowerPoint presentation
 |url=http://www.ilcuk.org.uk/downloads/2%20Tomas%20Sobotka.ppt
}}
* [http://www.inciid.org/ InterNational Council on Infertility Information Dissemination] (inciid.org)

[[Category:Fertility]]
[[Category:Midwifery]]