View source for Accession of Turkey to the European Union

{{About|accession negotiations process|the broad perspective on relations between the European Union and Turkey|European Union–Turkey relations}}
{{essay|date=November 2024}}
{{Short description|Process of Turkey joining the EU}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2021}}
{{Use British English|date=November 2015}}
{{Infobox EU accession bid
| status = '''Frozen negotiations'''
| applied = 14 April 1987
| application_approved = 16 December 2004 
| negotiations_start = 3 October 2005 
| negotiations_finish = TBD 
| NATO = Turkey became a member of NATO on [[Turkey in NATO|18 February 1952]] 
| OSCE = Member since 25 June 1973 
| CoE = Turkey became a member of the Council of Europe on 13 April 1950 
| ICC = Turkey is not a party to the Rome Statute, the founding treaty of the International Criminal Court
| nation = Turkey
| national_denonym = Turkish
| map = European Union Turkey Locator (with internal borders).svg
| progress = '''Negotiating / Stalled{{Citation needed|date=January 2022}}'''
| screening_progress = {{Progression|33|33}}
| chapters_closed = {{Progression|1|33}}
| ratification_progress = {{Center| ''Not yet applicable''}}
<!-- {{Progression|0|27}} -->
| national_population = 83,154,997<ref name=pop>{{cite web |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/turkey/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210110073821/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/turkey |archive-date=10 January 2021 |publisher=Central Intelligence Agency |title=CIA World Factbook: Turkey|date=9 November 2021}}</ref>
| national_area_total = 783,562
| national_GDP = $2.393 trillion
| national_GDP_PC = $32,278<ref name="IMF-WEO"/>
| national_HDI = 0.82
| national_gini = 41.9
| new_EU_population = 527,863,413 <br/> ''(+18.70%)''
| new_EU_area = 5,164,938 <br/> ''(+17.88%)''
| new_EU_GDP = 20,253 <br/> ''(+13.90%)''
| new_EU_GDP_PC = 38,367 <br/> ''(−3.74%)''
| new_languages = 25 <br/> (+1) ''([[Turkish language|Turkish]])''
| new_EU_HDI = 
| new_EU_gini = 
| website = 
[https://www.ab.gov.tr/ Republic of Turkey Ministry of Foreign Affairs Directorate for EU Affairs]

[https://neighbourhood-enlargement.ec.europa.eu/enlargement-policy/turkey-0_en EU Commission]
}}
{{Ministry of European Union Affairs (Turkey)
 }}
[[Turkey]] is negotiating its accession to the [[European Union]] (EU) as a member state, following its application to become a full member of the [[European Economic Community]] (EEC), the predecessor of the EU, on 14 April 1987.<ref>{{cite web|url= http://www.euractiv.com/en/enlargement/eu-turkey-relations/article-129678 |access-date=23 November 2021 |title=EU-Turkey relations |website=EurActiv.com |date=23 September 2004 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20080706153600/http://www.euractiv.com/en/enlargement/eu-turkey-relations/article-129678 |archive-date=6 July 2008}}</ref>

After the ten founding members in 1949, Turkey became one of the first new members ([[Member states of the Council of Europe|the 13th member]]) of the [[Council of Europe]] in 1950.<ref name=tr>{{cite web |title=Turkey joins |url=https://70.coe.int/-/1950-turkey-joins |publisher=Council of Europe |access-date=23 June 2019 |archive-date=23 June 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190623161303/https://70.coe.int/-/1950-turkey-joins |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name=tur>{{cite web |title=Turkey – Member state |url=https://www.coe.int/en/web/portal/turkey |publisher=Council of Europe |access-date=23 June 2019 |quote=Turkey became the 13th member State of the Council of Europe on 13 April 1950. |archive-date=1 June 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130601052130/https://www.coe.int/en/web/portal/turkey |url-status=live }}</ref> The country became an [[Ankara Agreement|associate member]] of the [[European Economic Community]] (EEC) in 1963 and was an [[Western European Union#Associate members|associate member]] of the [[Western European Union]] from 1992 to its end in 2011. Turkey signed a [[European Union–Turkey Customs Union|Customs Union agreement]] with the EU in 1995 and was officially recognised as a candidate for full membership on 12 December 1999, at the [[Helsinki]] summit of the [[European Council]].

Negotiations for full membership were started on 3 October 2005.<ref>{{cite web|url= http://ec.europa.eu/commission_barroso/president/pdf/interview_20061015_en.pdf |title=Interview with European Commission President Jose Manuel Barroso on BBC Sunday AM |publisher=European Commission |access-date=17 December 2006 |date=15 October 2006| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20061121143823/http://ec.europa.eu/commission_barroso/president/pdf/interview_20061015_en.pdf| archive-date= 21 November 2006 |url-status= live}}</ref> Progress was slow: out of the 35 chapters necessary to complete the accession process, only 16 had been opened and one had been closed by May 2016.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://blogs.lse.ac.uk/europpblog/2016/05/14/never-mind-brexit-scaremongering-turkey-is-a-long-way-from-joining-the-eu/ |title=Never mind Brexit scaremongering – Turkey is a long way from joining the EU |last1=Phinnemore |first1=David |last2=İçener |first2=Erhan |date=14 May 2016 |website=blogs.lse.ac.uk |publisher=LSE |access-date=14 May 2016 |archive-date=14 May 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160514171050/http://blogs.lse.ac.uk/europpblog/2016/05/14/never-mind-brexit-scaremongering-turkey-is-a-long-way-from-joining-the-eu/ |url-status=live }}</ref> The early 2016 [[European migrant crisis|refugee]] deal between Turkey and the European Union was intended to accelerate negotiations after previous stagnation and allow visa-free travel through Europe for Turks.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Kingsley |first1=Patrick |last2=Rankin |first2=Jennifer |title=EU-Turkey refugee deal – Q&A |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2016/mar/08/eu-turkey-refugee-deal-qa |work=The Guardian |date=8 March 2016 |access-date=5 December 2019 |archive-date=7 April 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200407122015/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2016/mar/08/eu-turkey-refugee-deal-qa |url-status=live }}</ref>

Since 2016, accession negotiations have stalled.<ref>{{cite web |title="Turkey is no longer an EU candidate", MEP says |url=http://www.euronews.com/2017/04/10/turkey-is-no-longer-an-eu-candidate-mep-says |publisher=Euro News |date=10 April 2017 |access-date=28 December 2020 |archive-date=10 March 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200310131012/https://www.euronews.com/2017/04/10/turkey-is-no-longer-an-eu-candidate-mep-says |url-status=live }}</ref> The EU has accused and criticized Turkey for human rights violations and deficits in [[rule of law]].<ref name=March2017 /> In 2017, EU officials said that the strong presidency created by the [[2017 Turkish constitutional referendum]] would violate the [[Copenhagen criteria]] of eligibility for an EU membership.<ref name="Al-Monitor">{{cite web |url=http://www.al-monitor.com/pulse/originals/2017/06/turkey-european-union-relations-possible-collision.html |publisher=Al-Monitor |title=New clashes likely between Turkey, Europe |date=23 June 2017 |access-date=8 October 2018 |archive-date=26 December 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191226134538/https://www.al-monitor.com/pulse/originals/2017/06/turkey-european-union-relations-possible-collision.html |url-status=live }}</ref>

On 20 February 2019, a European parliament committee voted to suspend the accession talks, sparking criticism from the government of Turkey.<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":2" /><ref name=":3" /> Turkey's accession negotiations have therefore effectively come to a standstill and no further chapters can be considered for opening or closing and no further work towards the modernisation of the [[European Union–Turkey Customs Union|EU-Turkey Customs Union]] is foreseen.<ref name="end1" /><ref name="end2" /><ref name="EUcommissionJune2018">{{cite web |title=European Neighbourhood Policy And Enlargement Negotiations – European Commission: Turkey |url=https://ec.europa.eu/neighbourhood-enlargement/countries/detailed-country-information/turkey_en |publisher=European Commission |date=2 December 2019 |quote=the General Affairs Council decided in June 2018 that accession negotiations with Turkey are effectively frozen. |access-date=9 February 2020 |archive-date=10 December 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161210064852/https://ec.europa.eu/neighbourhood-enlargement/countries/detailed-country-information/turkey_en |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="PR-EPmarch2019">{{cite press release |title=Parliament wants to suspend EU accession negotiations with Turkey |url=https://www.europarl.europa.eu/news/en/press-room/20190307IPR30746/parliament-wants-to-suspend-eu-accession-negotiations-with-turkey |publisher=European Parliament |date=13 March 2019 |access-date=9 February 2020 |archive-date=7 April 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200407070634/https://www.europarl.europa.eu/news/en/press-room/20190307IPR30746/parliament-wants-to-suspend-eu-accession-negotiations-with-turkey |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="TRministryFebruary2019">{{cite web |title=Chronology Of Turkey-European Union Relations (1959–2019) |url=https://www.ab.gov.tr/siteimages/birimler/kpb/chronology-_en-_1959-_ocak2020.pdf |publisher=Republic of Turkey Ministry of Foreign Affairs – Directorate for EU Affairs |quote=February 20: European Parliament Foreign Affairs Committee agreed on a draft resolution that calling for the suspension of EU accession negotiations with Turkey. |access-date=9 February 2020 |archive-date=2 March 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200302031103/https://www.ab.gov.tr/siteimages/birimler/kpb/chronology-_en-_1959-_ocak2020.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref>

On 30 January 2023, the [[Table of Six]] (then-main opposition alliance) in Turkey released a [[memorandum of understanding]] for common [[Policy|policies]]. It re-affirmed the opposition's intent to continue the EU accession talks if they were to be elected in [[2023 Turkish general election|that year's elections]].<ref>{{Cite news |date=30 January 2023 |title=Ortak Politikalar Mutabakat Metni |page=230 |publisher=Cumhuriyet Halk Partisi |publication-place=Ankara |url=https://media.chp.org.tr/yayinlar/files/2023/1/30/51fb98b4-caa9-40a0-8788-f1e5634f2fea.pdf?tick=1675071647951 |access-date=25 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230309070334/https://media.chp.org.tr/yayinlar/files/2023/1/30/51fb98b4-caa9-40a0-8788-f1e5634f2fea.pdf?tick=1675071647951 |archive-date=9 March 2023}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Aydınlık |date=2023-01-30 |title=Altılı Masanın "Ortak Politikalar Mutabakat Metni" açıklandı! |url=https://www.aydinlik.com.tr/haber/altili-masanin-ortak-politikalar-mutabakat-metni-aciklandi-364403 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230131211732/https://www.aydinlik.com.tr/haber/altili-masanin-ortak-politikalar-mutabakat-metni-aciklandi-364403 |archive-date=31 January 2023 |access-date=2023-03-25 |website=Aydınlık |language=tr-TR}}</ref> [[Republican People's Party|CHP]] leader and [[List of main opposition leaders of Turkey|Turkey's main opposition leader]] [[Özgür Özel]] announced that if he wins the [[Next Turkish parliamentary election|next Turkish general elections]], his country will rapidly continue its accession negotiations with the EU and his country will become a member of the EU as soon as possible.<ref>{{cite web |url = https://tr.euronews.com/2024/09/04/chp-genel-baskani-ozgur-ozel-hedefimiz-avrupa-birligine-tam-uye-olmus-bir-turkiyedir |title =  CHP Genel Başkanı Özgür Özel: 'Hedefimiz, Avrupa Birliği'ne tam üye olmuş bir Türkiye'dir'|language = tr |date = September 4, 2024 |work = euronews.com}}</ref>
It is one of nine current EU candidate countries, together with [[Accession of Albania to the European Union|Albania]], [[Accession of Bosnia and Herzegovina to the European Union|Bosnia and Herzegovina]], [[Accession of Georgia to the European Union|Georgia]], [[Accession of Moldova to the European Union|Moldova]], [[Accession of Montenegro to the European Union|Montenegro]], [[Accession of North Macedonia to the European Union|North Macedonia]], [[Accession of Serbia to the European Union|Serbia]], and [[Accession of Ukraine to the European Union|Ukraine]].

==History==
{{main|European Union–Turkey relations}}
===Background===
[[File:Council of Europe Palais de l'Europe aerial view.JPG|thumb|[[Palace of Europe]] in [[Strasbourg]], seat of the [[Council of Europe]], which Turkey joined on [[Member states of the Council of Europe|13 April 1950]]<ref name=tr/><ref name=tur/>]]

After the [[partitioning of the Ottoman Empire|Ottoman Empire's collapse]] following [[World War I]], [[Turkish revolutionaries]] led by [[Mustafa Kemal Atatürk]] emerged victorious in the [[Turkish War of Independence]], establishing the modern Turkish Republic as it exists today. Atatürk, [[President of Turkey]], implemented [[Atatürk's Reforms|a series of reforms]], including secularisation and industrialisation, intended to "Europeanise" or Westernise the country.<ref name="embassyhistory">{{cite web |publisher=Embassy of the Republic of Turkey (Washington, DC) |title=Turkey and EU |url= http://www.turkishembassy.org/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=57&Itemid=235 |access-date=4 July 2007 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20070927211417/http://www.turkishembassy.org/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=57&Itemid=235 |archive-date=27 September 2007 }}</ref> During [[World War II]], Turkey [[Second Cairo Conference|remained neutral until February 1945]], when it joined the [[Allies of World War II|Allies]]. The country took part in the [[Marshall Plan]] of 1947, became a member of the [[Council of Europe]] in 1950,<ref name=tr/><ref name=tur/> and a member of [[NATO]] in [[Turkey in NATO|1952]].<ref name="TR_NATO">{{cite web|url= http://www.nato.int/multi/photos/1952/m520218a.htm |title=Greece and Turkey accede to the North Atlantic Treaty Organization|work=NATO Media Library |publisher=NATO|access-date=30 October 2006|date=18 February 1952| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20061101213946/http://www.nato.int/multi/photos/1952/m520218a.htm |archive-date= 1 November 2006 |url-status= live}}</ref> During the [[Cold War]], Turkey allied itself with the United States and Western Europe. The Turkish position vis-à-vis Europe has been characterized as "Europe has been an object of desire as well as a source of frustration for Turkish national identity in a long and strained history".<ref>{{cite journal |last=Ahiska |first=Meltem |title=Occidentalism: The Historical Fantasy of the Modern |journal=South Atlantic Quarterly |date=1 April 2003 |volume=102 |issue=2–3 |pages=351–379 |doi=10.1215/00382876-102-2-3-351|s2cid=144132845 }}</ref>

===Brief history of major events===
{| class="wikitable mw-collapsible;"
|+ class="nowrap" | Timeline
!Date<ref name="Turkey">{{cite web |title=Turkey |url=https://ec.europa.eu/neighbourhood-enlargement/countries/detailed-country-information/turkey_en |publisher=European Commission |access-date=1 December 2020 |language=en |date=1 October 2020 |archive-date=10 December 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161210064852/https://ec.europa.eu/neighbourhood-enlargement/countries/detailed-country-information/turkey_en |url-status=live }}</ref>
!Event<ref name="Turkey"/>
|-
| 13 December 1997 || Luxembourg Council declares Turkey eligible to become an EU member.
|-
| 11 December 1999 || Helsinki Summit European Council declares Turkey a candidate country.
|-
| 24 March 2001 || Council adopts Accession Partnership for Turkey.
|-
| 19 May 2003 || Council adopts revised Accession Partnership for Turkey.
|- 
| 16 December 2004 || European Council declares that Turkey sufficiently fulfils the criteria for opening accession negotiations beginning in October 2005.
|-
| 3 October 2005 || Council adopts negotiating framework and negotiations are formally opened. Screening process begins.
|-
| 1 June 2006 || Negotiations are opened and closed on Chapter 25 – Science and Research.
|-
| 11 December 2006 || Because Turkey refused to apply to Cyprus the Additional Protocol to the Ankara Agreement, Council decides that eight chapters will not be opened. {{Main|Cyprus dispute}}

|-
| 19 February 2008 || Council adopts revised Accession Partnership for Turkey.
|-
| 30 June 2010 || Negotiations are opened on Chapter 12 – Food Safety, Veterinary and Phytosanitary Policy.
|-
| 17 May 2012 || Positive Agenda intended to bring fresh dynamics into the EU-Turkey relations was launched.
|-
| 5 November 2013 || Negotiations are opened on Chapter 22 – Regional Policy and Coordination of Structural Instruments.
|-
| 16 December 2013 || Visa liberalisation dialogue launched and EU-Turkey Readmission Agreement signed.
|-
| 29 November 2015 || First EU-Turkey Summit held and Joint EU-Turkey Action Plan activated. The EU welcomes Turkey's commitment to accelerate the fulfilment of the Visa Roadmap benchmarks in return for halting the flow of Syrian refugees from Turkey to Greece.<ref>{{cite press release|url=http://europa.eu/rapid/press-release_IP-16-582_en.htm|title=European Commission – Commission Visa Progress Report: Turkey makes progress towards visa liberalisation|website=europa.eu|access-date=5 September 2017|archive-date=23 September 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170923132549/http://europa.eu/rapid/press-release_IP-16-582_en.htm|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| 14 December 2015 || Negotiations are opened on Chapter 17 – Economic and Monetary Policy.
|-
| 30 June 2016 || Negotiations are opened on Chapter 33 – Financial and Budgetary Provisions.
|-
| 24 November 2016 || MEPs vote overwhelmingly to suspend negotiations with Turkey over human rights and rule of law concerns. 
|- 
| 6 July 2017 || EU parliament called for the suspension of accession negotiations with Turkey.
|-
| 20 February 2019 || EU parliament committee votes to suspend accession talks with Turkey. 
|-
| 13 March 2019 || The European Parliament unanimously accepted the call for the suspension of full membership negotiations between the EU and Turkey. 
|-
| 19 May 2021 || The European Parliament unanimously accepted the call for the suspension of accession negotiations between the EU and Turkey.<ref name=2019susp>{{cite web|url=https://www.europarl.europa.eu/news/en/press-room/20210517IPR04118/eu-turkey-relations-are-at-a-historic-low-point-say-meps|title=EU-Turkey relations are at a historic low point, say MEPs|language=en|date=May 19, 2021|publisher=European Parliament}}</ref>
|}

===1950s–1990s===
Turkey first applied for [[Member State of the European Union#Related states|associate membership]] in the [[European Economic Community]] in 1959, and on 12 September 1963 signed the "Agreement Creating An Association Between The Republic of Turkey and the European Economic Community", also known as the [[Ankara Agreement]]. This agreement came into effect the following year on 12 December 1964. The Ankara Agreement sought to integrate Turkey into a customs union with the EEC whilst acknowledging the final goal of membership.<ref name="embassyhistory"/> In November 1970, a further protocol called the "Additional Protocol" established a timetable for the abolition of tariffs and quotas on goods traded between Turkey and the EEC.<ref name="embassyhistory"/>

On 14 April 1987, Turkey submitted its application for formal membership into the European Economic Community. The [[European Commission]] responded in December 1989 by confirming Ankara's eventual membership but also by deferring the matter to more favourable times, citing Turkey's economic and political situation, as well its [[Greece–Turkey relations|poor relations with Greece]] and the [[Turkish invasion of Cyprus|conflict with Cyprus]] as creating an unfavourable environment with which to begin negotiations.<ref name="embassylondon">{{cite web|publisher=Embassy of the Republic of Turkey in London|url= http://www.turkishembassylondon.org/canon/aboutturkey_eu.htm|title=About Turkey and the EU|access-date=4 July 2007|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20070927205928/http://www.turkishembassylondon.org/canon/aboutturkey_eu.htm|archive-date=27 September 2007 }}<!-- do not substitute the article in the other embassy's as they do not mention the deferral --></ref> This position was confirmed again in the Luxembourg European Council of 1997 in which accession talks were started with central and eastern European states and Cyprus, but not Turkey. During the 1990s, Turkey proceeded with closer integration with the European Union by agreeing to a [[European Union–Turkey Customs Union|customs union]] in 1995. In 1999, following the [[Greek–Turkish earthquake diplomacy|Greek-Turkish earthquake diplomacy]], Greece lifted its opposition to Turkey's accession to the European Union. Moreover, the Helsinki Summit European Council of 1999 proved a milestone as the EU recognised Turkey as a candidate on equal footing with other potential candidates.

===2000s===
The next significant step in EU–Turkey relations came with the December 2002 Copenhagen European Council.<ref name=EuropeanCouncilCopenhagen2002>{{cite web|url=http://www.consilium.europa.eu/ueDocs/cms_Data/docs/pressData/en/ec/73842.pdf|title=European Council: EU would open accession negotiations with Turkey|access-date=5 September 2017|archive-date=21 June 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190621201444/https://www.consilium.europa.eu/ueDocs/cms_Data/docs/pressData/en/ec/73842.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref> According to it, "the EU would open negotiations with Turkey 'without delay' if the European Council in December 2004, on the basis of a report and a recommendation from the Commission, decides that Turkey fulfills the Copenhagen political criteria."<ref name=EuropeanCouncilCopenhagen2002/> French President [[Jacques Chirac]] and German Chancellor [[Gerhard Schröder]] expressed joint support for the December 2004 European Commission summit meeting agenda for Turkey joining the European Union.<ref>{{cite web |title=Germany, France Want Turkey in EU |url=https://www.dw.com/en/germany-france-want-turkey-in-eu/a-1377262 |publisher=Deutsche Welle |date=26 October 2004 |access-date=28 December 2020 |archive-date=15 April 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210415060731/https://www.dw.com/en/germany-france-want-turkey-in-eu/a-1377262 |url-status=live }}</ref>

The [[European Commission]] recommended that the negotiations should begin in 2005, but also added various precautionary measures. The EU leaders agreed on 16 December 2004 to start accession negotiations with Turkey from 3 October 2005.<ref>{{cite web|url= http://www.independentcommissiononturkey.org/oped_20050831.html|title=Independent Commission on Turkey|access-date=7 June 2015|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20160109202339/http://www.independentcommissiononturkey.org/oped_20050831.html |archive-date=9 January 2016}}</ref> While [[Austria]] and Germany initially wanted to leave open the possibility that negotiations with Turkey would lead to a [[privileged partnership]], less than full membership, accession negotiations were ultimately launched with the "shared objective" of membership.<ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.todayszaman.com/tz-web/detaylar.do?load=detay&link=24900 |title= Today's Zaman: Turkey Starts Full Membership Negotiations with EU |access-date= 28 July 2009 |archive-date= 19 September 2012 |archive-url= https://archive.today/20120919044840/http://www.todayszaman.com/tz-web/detaylar.do?load=detay&link=24900 }}</ref>

Turkey's accession talks have since been stalled by a number of domestic and external problems. Both Austria and France have said they would hold a referendum on Turkey's accession. In the case of France, a change in its Constitution was made to impose such a referendum, but later another constitutional change has enabled the parliament (if a large majority of its members agrees) to prevent such a referendum.<ref name=AustriaRef>{{cite web|url= http://www.eubusiness.com/news-eu/1239805023.06 |title=Turkey, with eye on EU, says determined to reform |date=15 April 2009 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20090417223231/http://www.eubusiness.com/news-eu/1239805023.06 |archive-date=17 April 2009 |work=EUbusiness |access-date=27 December 2020}}</ref> The issue of Cyprus continues to be a major obstacle to negotiations.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://euobserver.com/9/23008|title=Cyprus threatens to block EU deal on Turkey talks|date=December 2006 |access-date=7 June 2015|archive-date=5 June 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110605120214/http://euobserver.com/9/23008|url-status=live}}</ref> European officials have commented on the slowdown in Turkish reforms which, combined with the Cyprus problem, led the EU's Enlargement Commissioner [[Olli Rehn]] in March 2007 to warn of an impending 'train crash' in the negotiations.<ref name="economist2">{{cite news |url=https://www.economist.com/special-report/2007/03/17/the-ins-and-outs |title=The ins and outs: The EU's most effective foreign-policy instrument has been enlargement. But how far can it go? |newspaper=The Economist |date=17 March 2007 |access-date=18 May 2020 |url-access=limited |archive-date=1 July 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110701061352/http://www.economist.com/research/articlesBySubject/displaystory.cfm?subjectid=682266&story_id=8808134 |url-status=live }}</ref> Due to these setbacks, negotiations again came to a halt in December 2006, with the EU freezing talks in 8 of the 35 key areas under negotiation.<ref>{{cite web|url= https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/europe/eu-freezes-talks-on-turkey-membership-428085.html |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20121111132322/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/europe/eu-freezes-talks-on-turkey-membership-428085.html |archive-date=2012-11-11 |url-access=limited |url-status=live |title=EU freezes talks on Turkey membership |website=Independent.co.uk |date=12 December 2006 |access-date=5 September 2017}}</ref>

In 2007, Turkey stated that they were aiming to comply with EU law by 2013,<ref>{{cite news |url=http://euobserver.com/9/23813 |access-date=26 August 2008 |title=Turkey targets 2013 for EU legal compliance |work=EUobserver |date=30 March 2007 |first=Lucia |last=Kubosova |archive-date=16 February 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180216025201/https://euobserver.com/enlargement/23813 |url-status=live }}</ref> but Brussels refused to back that as a deadline for membership.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://euobserver.com/9/23881 |access-date=26 August 2008 |title=Brussels declines to endorse 2013 date for Turkey's EU entry |work=EUobserver |first=Lucia |last=Kubosova |date=17 April 2007 |archive-date=23 December 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151223084123/https://euobserver.com/enlargement/23881 |url-status=live }}</ref> In 2006 President of the European Commission [[José Manuel Barroso]] said that the accession process will take at least until 2021.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://ec.europa.eu/commission_barroso/president/pdf/interview_20061015_en.pdf|title=Interview with European Commission President Jose Manuel Barroso on BBC Sunday AM|access-date=13 April 2007|archive-date=21 November 2006|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061121143823/http://ec.europa.eu/commission_barroso/president/pdf/interview_20061015_en.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref> In a visit to Germany on 31 October 2012, Turkish Prime Minister [[Recep Tayyip Erdoğan]] made clear that Turkey was expecting membership in the Union to be realised by 2023, the 100th Anniversary of the Turkish Republic, implying that they could end membership negotiations if the talks had not yielded a positive result by then.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://news.yahoo.com/merkel-reassures-turkey-eu-talks-erdogan-raps-cyprus-154249524.html |title=Merkel reassures Turkey on EU talks, Erdogan raps Cyprus |last1=Coskun |first1=Orhan |last2=Hudson |first2=Alexandra |date=31 October 2012 |access-date=4 November 2012 |agency=Reuters |archive-date=3 November 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121103084326/https://news.yahoo.com/merkel-reassures-turkey-eu-talks-erdogan-raps-cyprus-154249524.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Turkish President [[Abdullah Gül]] said that upon completing the accession process Turkey will hold a referendum for Turkish membership in the European Union.<ref>{{cite web|url= http://www.euractiv.com.tr/ab-ve-turkiye/article/gul-biz-de-ab-uyeligini-referanduma-goturecegiz-027101|title=Gül: 'Biz de AB üyeliğini referanduma götüreceğiz' |access-date=7 June 2015|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20150715021324/http://www.euractiv.com.tr/ab-ve-turkiye/article/gul-biz-de-ab-uyeligini-referanduma-goturecegiz-027101 |archive-date=15 July 2015 }}</ref>

In December 2009, EU member the [[Republic of Cyprus]] blocked 6 chapters of Turkish accession negotiations, including those on Judiciary and Fundamental Rights, Energy and Education and Culture, arguing that Turkey needs to first normalise relations with Cyprus.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://news.pseka.net/index.php?module=article&id=12350|title=Cyprus won't open EU accession chapters for Turkey|access-date=7 June 2015|archive-date=8 October 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181008061255/http://news.pseka.net/index.php?module=article&id=12350|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url= http://famagusta-gazette.com/fule-urges-turkey-to-implement-additional-protocol-p18332-69.htm|title=Fule urges Turkey to implement Additional Protocol|access-date=7 June 2015|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20140111213307/http://famagusta-gazette.com/fule-urges-turkey-to-implement-additional-protocol-p18332-69.htm|archive-date=11 January 2014}}</ref> As a result, no chapters have been opened since June 2010.<ref>{{cite web|url= http://www.epc.eu/documents/uploads/pub_3021_turkey-eu_relations.pdf |first=Amanda |last=Paul |title=Turkey-EU Relations: time to rebuild trust |date=19 October 2012 |publisher=Wuropean Policy Centre |location=Brussels |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20181008061238/http://www.epc.eu/documents/uploads/pub_3021_turkey-eu_relations.pdf |archive-date=8 October 2018 |access-date=27 December 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url= http://www.todayszaman.com/news-232531-turkey-tells-eu-it-may-postpone-competition-chapter-if-needed.html|title=Turkey tells EU it may postpone competition chapter if needed|work=TodaysZaman|access-date=7 June 2015|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20150715013128/http://www.todayszaman.com/news-232531-turkey-tells-eu-it-may-postpone-competition-chapter-if-needed.html |archive-date=15 July 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.todayszaman.com/news-267358-turkey-sees-bleak-future-for-eu-accession-talks-in-2012.html|title=Turkey sees bleak future for EU accession talks in 2012 |work=TodaysZaman|access-date=7 June 2015|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20150715025052/http://www.todayszaman.com/news-267358-turkey-sees-bleak-future-for-eu-accession-talks-in-2012.html |archive-date=15 July 2015}}</ref> Hence, there is no chapter Turkey could open other than the difficult and economically detrimental chapters Competition Policy, Social Policy and Employment, and Public Procurement that most candidate countries open at the end of accession as all other chapters were blocked. In February 2013, Turkish Deputy Undersecretary of the Ministry for EU Affairs, Burak Erdenir, claimed that the EU had yet to communicate to Turkey the benchmark criteria for opening chapters 23 and 24, Judiciary & Fundamental Rights and Justice, Freedom & Security, which was to be done after screening of the chapters was completed in 2006, thus making it impossible to comply with them. He also suggested this was a deliberate attempt to slow their accession process.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.euractiv.com/enlargement/got-necessary-eu-benchmarks-turk-news-517614|title=Turkey: EU political benchmarks 'were never given to us'|date=7 February 2013|access-date=9 February 2013|publisher=eurActiv|archive-date=9 January 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160109202339/http://www.euractiv.com/enlargement/got-necessary-eu-benchmarks-turk-news-517614|url-status=live}}</ref>

===Positive agenda (2012–13)===
After over two years of no chapter openings, the European Commission set up a "Positive Agenda" designed to focus on common EU-Turkey interests. EU Commissioner for expansion Stefan Füle describes that the goal was "to keep the accession process alive and put it properly back on track after a period of stagnation which has been a source of frustration for both sides."<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.aa.com.tr/en/news/51799--s |title=EU Commissioner Fule: Positive Agenda to put EU process back on track |work=Anadolu Agency |access-date=5 September 2017 |archive-date=10 May 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150510175414/http://www.aa.com.tr/en/news/51799--s |url-status=live }}</ref> The EU Commission mentioned a broad range of areas as the main elements of the Agenda such as "intensified dialogue and cooperation on political reforms", "visa", "mobility and migration", "energy", "fight against terrorism", "further participation of Turkey in Community programmes", "town twinning", "trade and the Customs Union" and "supporting efforts to align with the acquis, including on chapters where accession negotiations cannot be opened for the time being". The proposal was considered favorably on the condition that it serves as an instrument in support of and complementary to the negotiation process with the EU.

In the framework of "Positive Agenda", Working Groups were established on 8 chapters ("3-Right of Establishment and Freedom to Provide Services", "6-Company Law", "10-Information Society and Media", "18-Statistics", "23-Judiciary and Fundamental Rights", "24-Justice, Freedom and Security", "28-Consumer and Health Protection", and "32-Financial Control"). The "Positive Agenda" kick-off meeting was held on 17 May 2012 in Ankara with the participation of Stefan Füle, EU Commissioner for Enlargement and European Neighbourhood Policy. As a result of the Working Groups meetings held so far, a total of four closing benchmarks were confirmed to have been met by Turkey in three chapters (Company Law, Consumer and Health Protection as well as Financial Control chapters).<ref name="ifri"/><ref>{{cite web|url= http://www.euractiv.com.tr/ab-ve-turkiye/article/bagis-dort-fasilda-kapanis-kriterlerini-yerine-getirdigimizin-teyidini-aldik-026701 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20140111210633/http://www.euractiv.com.tr/ab-ve-turkiye/article/bagis-dort-fasilda-kapanis-kriterlerini-yerine-getirdigimizin-teyidini-aldik-026701|archive-date=11 January 2014|title=Bağış: 'Dört fasılda kapanış kriterlerini yerine getirdiğimizin teyidini aldık'|access-date=7 June 2015}}</ref>

On 20 June 2013, in the wake of [[Ankara]]'s crackdown on [[2013 protests in Turkey|mass demonstrations]] in [[Taksim Square]], Germany blocked the start to new EU accession talks with Turkey.<ref name="Dombey FT">{{cite news |author=Dombey, Daniel |author2=James Fontanella-Khan |author3=Quentin Peel |title=Germany blocks Turkey's bid to join EU|url=http://www.ft.com/intl/cms/s/0/2432cc2c-d9c0-11e2-bab1-00144feab7de.html#axzz2WsY07fBe|access-date=21 June 2013|newspaper=Financial Times|date=21 June 2013|archive-date=27 September 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190927220126/https://www.ft.com/content/2432cc2c-d9c0-11e2-bab1-00144feab7de#axzz2WsY07fBe|url-status=live}}</ref> According to the ''[[Financial Times]]'', one Turkish official said that such a move could potentially break off political relations with the [[European Union|bloc]].<ref name="Dombey FT" />

A [[Eurobarometer]] poll which included EU countries and candidate countries as well, showed that 43% of Turks viewed the EU positively, as compared with 60% six months previously. In the same poll, 29% of Turks polled expressed support for an [[EU Constitution]], the lowest level of support among EU countries and candidates polled.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.hurriyet.com.tr/english/4713737.asp?gid=74|title=New Eurobarometer poll results show a drop in Turkish support for the EU|work=Hürriyet|access-date=23 September 2013|archive-date=15 December 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181215224600/http://www.hurriyet.com.tr/gundem/new-eurobarometer-poll-results-show-a-drop-in-turkish-support-for-the-eu-4713737|url-status=live}}</ref> Germany said that its reservation stems from a technical issue, but then-Chancellor [[Angela Merkel]], an opponent of Turkish entry into the EU, described herself as "shocked" after Ankara's use of overwhelming police force against mostly peaceful demonstrators.<ref name="Dombey FT" /> France stated that they would not waive their veto over unfreezing four accession chapters with Turkey until after the elections for the European Parliament in June 2014.<ref>{{cite web|url= http://www.todayszaman.com/news-330679-turkey-welcomes-new-chapter-in-eu-talks-wants-more-progress.html |title=Turkey welcomes new chapter in EU talks, wants more progress|date=5 November 2011 |access-date=10 November 2013 |publisher=Today's Zaman |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20131109234257/http://www.todayszaman.com//news-330679-turkey-welcomes-new-chapter-in-eu-talks-wants-more-progress.html |archive-date=9 November 2013}}</ref>

===Stalled talks (2016–present)===

EU–Turkey relations have deteriorated following President Erdoğan's crackdown on supporters of the [[2016 Turkish coup d'état attempt]]. While Erdoğan stated that he approved the reintroduction of the death penalty to punish those involved in the coup, the EU announced that it strongly condemned the coup attempt and would officially end accession negotiations with Turkey if the death penalty was reintroduced.<ref>{{cite web |last=Robin Emmott |first=Alastair Macdonald |date=2016-07-18 |title=EU condemns Turkey coup bid, warns Erdogan on death penalty |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/world/eu-condemns-turkey-coup-bid-warns-erdogan-on-death-penalty-idUSKCN0ZX0XZ/ |newspaper=Reuters }}</ref> On 25 July 2016, President of the European Commission [[Jean-Claude Juncker]] said that Turkey was not in a position to become a member of the European Union in the near future and that accession negotiations between the EU and Turkey would be stopped immediately if the death penalty was brought back.<ref>{{cite web |url =https://www.reuters.com/article/world/turkey-in-no-position-to-become-eu-member-any-time-soon-juncker-idUSKCN1050L9/ |title =Turkey in no position to become EU member any time soon: Juncker |language =en |date =July 25, 2016 |work =Reuters }}</ref> Erdoğan stated in November 2016 that he was considering putting Turkey's continued negotiations with the EU on membership to a referendum in 2017.<ref name=referendum>{{cite web|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-turkey-eu-erdogan-idUSKBN1391H4|title=Turkey could put EU talks to a referendum next year: Erdogan|date=14 November 2016|access-date=22 November 2016|publisher=Reuters|archive-date=14 November 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161114233851/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-turkey-eu-erdogan-idUSKBN1391H4|url-status=live}}</ref>  In November 2016, the European Parliament voted in favour of a non-binding resolution to request that the European Commission temporarily suspend membership negotiations due to the "disproportionate repressive measures" of the government to the coup.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-38090121|title=Euro MPs vote to freeze Turkey EU membership talks|date=24 November 2016|access-date=24 November 2016|publisher=BBC|archive-date=24 November 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161124130403/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-38090121|url-status=live}}</ref> On 13 December, the [[European Council]] (comprising the heads of state or government of the member states) resolved that it would open no new areas in Turkey's membership talks in the "prevailing circumstances";<ref name="Yahoo">{{Cite news|url=https://www.yahoo.com/news/eu-says-wont-open-turkey-membership-chapters-165121377.html|title=EU says won't expand Turkey membership talks|publisher=Yahoo|date=13 December 2016|access-date=15 December 2016|archive-date=30 December 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191230224317/https://www.yahoo.com/news/eu-says-wont-open-turkey-membership-chapters-165121377.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Turkey's path toward autocratic rule makes progress on EU accession impossible.<ref name="Marc Pierini">{{cite news |url=http://carnegieeurope.eu/strategiceurope/66408 |title=Turkey's Impending Estrangement From the West |first=Marc |last=Pierini |publisher=Carnegie Europe |date=12 December 2016 |access-date=15 December 2016 |archive-date=6 February 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200206183255/https://carnegieeurope.eu/strategiceurope/66408 |url-status=live }}</ref>
In 2016, EU member Austria opposed Turkey's EU membership.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-36973319.amp |title=Turkey scolds Austria in EU membership dispute |website=bbc.com |date=4 August 2016 |access-date=20 November 2022 |archive-date=19 November 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221119221353/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-36973319.amp |url-status=live }}</ref>

In April 2017, the [[Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe]] (PACE) voted to reopen its monitoring procedure against Turkey. This vote is widely understood to deal a major blow to Turkey's prospect of eventual EU membership, as exiting that process was made a precondition of EU accession negotiations back in 2004.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.euractiv.com/section/global-europe/news/turkeys-eu-bid-in-jeopardy-after-council-of-europe-vote/|title=Turkey's EU bid in jeopardy after Council of Europe vote|publisher=Euractiv|date=25 April 2017|access-date=25 April 2017|archive-date=25 April 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170425152735/http://www.euractiv.com/section/global-europe/news/turkeys-eu-bid-in-jeopardy-after-council-of-europe-vote/|url-status=live}}</ref>  In June 2017, members of the [[European Parliament]] expressed that the strong presidency created by the [[2017 Turkish constitutional referendum]] violate the [[Copenhagen criteria]] of eligibility for an EU membership.<ref name="Al-Monitor"/>  On 6 July 2017, the [[European Parliament]] approved a resolution calling for the suspension of full membership negotiations between the EU and Turkey.<ref>{{cite web |url =https://www.dw.com/tr/apden-t%C3%BCrkiye-ile-m%C3%BCzakerelerin-ask%C4%B1ya-al%C4%B1nmas%C4%B1na-onay/a-39572885 |title =AP: Türkiye ile müzakereler askıya alınsın |language =tr |date =July 6, 2017 |work =DW Türkçe |access-date =5 September 2023 |archive-date =6 September 2023 |archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20230906052103/https://www.dw.com/tr/apden-t%C3%BCrkiye-ile-m%C3%BCzakerelerin-ask%C4%B1ya-al%C4%B1nmas%C4%B1na-onay/a-39572885 |url-status =live }}</ref>

The European Commission's long-term budget proposal for the 2021–2027 period released in May 2018 included pre-accession funding for a Western Balkan Strategy for further enlargement, but omitted Turkey.<ref name=cut>{{cite news|url=https://ahvalnews.com/eu-turkey/eu-plans-cut-financial-assistance-turkey|title=EU plans to cut financial assistance to Turkey|publisher=Ahval|date=6 May 2018|access-date=6 May 2018|archive-date=26 December 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191226085521/https://ahvalnews.com/eu-turkey/eu-plans-cut-financial-assistance-turkey}}</ref>

In March 2018, Austrian Chancellor [[Sebastian Kurz]] opposed Turkey's EU accession talks and urged it to halt membership talks.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://armenpress.am/en/article/927569 |title=Austrian Chancellor Kurz urges to stop Turkey's EU accession talks |website=armenpress.am |date=26 March 2018 |access-date=20 November 2022 |archive-date=16 June 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180616214234/https://armenpress.am/eng/amp/927569 |url-status=live }}</ref>  On 26 June 2018, the EU's [[General Affairs Council]] stated that "the Council notes that Turkey has been moving further away from the European Union. Turkey's accession negotiations have therefore effectively come to a standstill and no further chapters can be considered for opening or closing and no further work towards the modernisation of the [[European Union–Turkey Customs Union|EU-Turkey Customs Union]] is foreseen." The Council added that it is "especially concerned about the continuing and deeply worrying backsliding on the rule of law and on fundamental rights including the freedom of expression."<ref name=end1>{{cite web|url=https://cyprus-mail.com/2018/06/26/eu-council-issues-strong-message-about-turkeys-obligations/|title=EU Council issues strong message about Turkey's obligations|date=26 June 2018|publisher=Cyprus Mail|access-date=8 October 2018|archive-date=7 April 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200407070648/https://cyprus-mail.com/2018/06/26/eu-council-issues-strong-message-about-turkeys-obligations/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=end2>{{cite news|url=https://www.zeit.de/politik/ausland/2018-06/recep-tayyip-erdogan-wahl-eu-zollunion-erklaerung|title=EU will Zollunion mit der Türkei nicht ausbauen|date=27 June 2018|newspaper=Die Zeit|language=de|access-date=8 October 2018|archive-date=27 June 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180627005416/https://www.zeit.de/politik/ausland/2018-06/recep-tayyip-erdogan-wahl-eu-zollunion-erklaerung|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=council>{{cite web|url=http://www.consilium.europa.eu/media/35863/st10555-en18.pdf|title=Enlargement and Stabilisation and Association Process Council conclusions|date=26 June 2018|work=Council of the European Union|access-date=8 October 2018|archive-date=22 July 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180722040617/https://www.consilium.europa.eu/media/35863/st10555-en18.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref>

On 20 February 2019, a European parliament committee voted to suspend the accession talks, sparking criticism from the government of Turkey.<ref name=":1">{{cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-turkey-eu-idUSKCN1QA0MJ|title=Turkey condemns European parliament committee call to suspend...|date=21 February 2019|work=Reuters|access-date=21 February 2019|archive-date=11 December 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201211195612/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-turkey-eu-idUSKCN1QA0MJ|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=":2">{{cite web |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/amp/news/articles/2019-02-21/turkey-faces-crucial-vote-on-eu-accession-before-local-ballot |title=Turkey Faces Crucial Vote on EU Accession Before Local Ballot |website=bloomberg.com |access-date=21 February 2019 |archive-date=21 February 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190221224251/https://www.bloomberg.com/amp/news/articles/2019-02-21/turkey-faces-crucial-vote-on-eu-accession-before-local-ballot |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name=":3">{{cite web |url=https://www.express.co.uk/news/world/1090402/EU-news-turkey-membership-eu-turkey-accession-latest-news |title='Change it now!' Turkey FURIOUS as EU votes to STOP accession talks |last=Perring |first=Rebecca |date=21 February 2019 |website=Express.co.uk |access-date=21 February 2019 |archive-date=21 February 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190221172550/https://www.express.co.uk/news/world/1090402/EU-news-turkey-membership-eu-turkey-accession-latest-news |url-status=live }}</ref>  On 13 March 2019, the [[European Parliament]] unanimously voted for a halt to the full membership negotiations between the EU and Turkey.<ref>{{cite web |url =https://www.euronews.com/2019/03/13/european-parliament-calls-for-suspension-of-turkey-eu-accession-talks |title =European Parliament calls for suspension of Turkey EU accession talks |language =en |date =March 13, 2019 |work =Euronews |access-date =5 September 2023 |archive-date =20 August 2023 |archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20230820141533/https://www.euronews.com/2019/03/13/european-parliament-calls-for-suspension-of-turkey-eu-accession-talks |url-status =live }}</ref>  On 19 May 2021, the European Parliament unanimously accepted the call for the suspension of accession negotiations between the EU and Turkey.<ref name=2019susp/>  In July 2023, Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdoğan brought up Turkey's EU membership application during a NATO summit in Vilnius, linking it to [[Sweden–NATO relations|Sweden's accession to NATO]].<ref name="Huseyin Hayatsever 2023 k001">{{cite web | last=Huseyin Hayatsever | first=Ece Toksabay | title=Erdogan links Sweden's NATO membership to Turkey's EU accession | website=Reuters | date=2023-07-10 | url=https://www.reuters.com/world/europe/erdogan-links-swedens-nato-membership-turkeys-eu-accession-2023-07-10/ | access-date=2023-07-10 | archive-date=1 August 2023 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230801081525/https://www.reuters.com/world/europe/erdogan-links-swedens-nato-membership-turkeys-eu-accession-2023-07-10/ | url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="Hande Atay Alam 2023 r971">{{cite web | last=Hande Atay Alam | first=Christian Edwards | title=Erdogan links Sweden's NATO bid to Turkey joining the EU | website=CNN | date=2023-07-10 | url=https://www.cnn.com/2023/07/10/europe/erdogan-turkey-nato-eu-sweden-intl/index.html | access-date=2023-07-10 | archive-date=16 July 2023 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230716214608/https://www.cnn.com/2023/07/10/europe/erdogan-turkey-nato-eu-sweden-intl/index.html | url-status=live }}</ref> According to [[Dagens Nyheter]]'s data, in September 2023, 60% of Swedes said that Sweden opposes Turkey's EU membership and will not support the membership process, while 7% said that Sweden does not oppose Turkey's EU membership and will support the membership process.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.dn.se/sverige/dn-ipsos-valjarna-vill-inte-ha-turkiet-i-eu/|title=DN/Ipsos: Väljarna vill inte ha Turkiet i EU|date=2023-09-04|language=sv|publisher=Dagens Nyheter|access-date=13 September 2023|archive-date=7 September 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230907140928/https://www.dn.se/sverige/dn-ipsos-valjarna-vill-inte-ha-turkiet-i-eu/|url-status=live}}</ref>

==Negotiation progress==
===Table of chapters===
{| class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed;"
|+Screening, chapter, clusters, & freezing dates 
![[Community acquis#Chapters|Acquis chapter]]
!Screening started!!Screening completed!!Cluster Opened!!Chapter Opened!!Chapter frozen!!Chapter unfrozen!!Cluster Closed!!Chapter Closed
|-
| style="text-align:left;" | 1. Free Movement of Goods
| 16 January 2006 || 24 February 2006 || – || – || 11 December 2006<ref group=C name=Council>The EU Council froze the opening of eight chapters over Turkey's rejection to open its ports and airports to traffic from Cyprus in 2006</ref> || – || – || –
|-
| style="text-align:left;" | 2. Freedom of Movement For Workers 
| 19 July 2006 || 11 September 2006 || – || – || 8 December 2009<ref group=C name=frozen>Some of the chapters do not proceed to the next stage in the process, because they are blocked by Cyprus.</ref> || – || – || –
|-
| style="text-align:left;" | 3. Right of Establishment & Freedom To Provide Services
|21 November 2005 || 20 December 2005 || – || – || 11 December 2006<ref group=C name=Council/> || – || – || – 
|-
| style="text-align:left;" | 4. Free Movement of Capital
| 25 November 2005 || 22 December 2005 || – || 19 December 2008 || – || – || – || – 
|-
| style="text-align:left;" | 5. Public Procurement
| 7 November 2005 || 28 November 2005 || – || – || – || – || – || –
|-
| style="text-align:left;" | 6. Company Law
| 21 June 2006 || 20 July 2006 || – || 17 June 2008 || – || – || – || – 
|-
| style="text-align:left;" | 7. Intellectual Property Law 
| 6 February 2006 || 3 March 2006 || – || 17 June 2008 || – || – || – || – 
|-
| style="text-align:left;" | 8. Competition Policy 
| 8 November 2005 || 2 December 2005 || – || – || – || – || – || – 
|-
| style="text-align:left;" | 9. Financial Services 
| 29 March 2006 || 3 May 2006 || – || – || 11 December 2006<ref group=C name=Council/> || – || – || – 
|-
| style="text-align:left;" | 10. Information Society & Media 
| 12 June 2006 || 14 July 2006 || – || 19 December 2008 || – || – || – || – 
|-
| style="text-align:left;" | 11. Agriculture & Rural Development 
| 5 December 2005 || 26 January 2006 || – || – || 11 December 2006<ref group=C name=Council/><ref group=C name=France/><ref name=ifri/>|| – || – || – 
|-
| style="text-align:left;" | 12. Food Safety, Veterinary & Phytosanitary Policy 
| 9 March 2006 || 28 April 2006 || – || 30 June 2010 || – || – || – || – 
|-
| style="text-align:left;" | 13. Fisheries 
| 24 February 2006 || 31 March 2006 || – || – || 11 December 2006<ref group=C name=Council/> || – || – || – 
|-
| style="text-align:left;" | 14. Transport Policy 
| 26 June 2006 || 28 September 2006 || – || – || 11 December 2006<ref group=C name=Council/> || – || – || – 
|-
| style="text-align:left;" | 15. Energy 
| 15 May 2006 || 16 June 2006 || – || – || 8 December 2009<ref group=C name=frozen/> || – || – || – 
|-
| style="text-align:left;" | 16. Taxation 
| 6 June 2006 || 12 July 2006 || – || 30 June 2009 || – || – || – || – 
|-
| style="text-align:left;" | 17. Economic & Monetary Policy 
| 16 February 2006 || 23 March 2006 || – || 14 December 2015 || 25 June 2007<ref group=C name=France>France blocked some chapters from proceeding to the next stage of the process, but subsequently lifted their veto.</ref><ref name=ifri>{{cite web|url=http://www.mfa.gov.tr/relations-between-turkey-and-the-european-union.en.mfa |title=Turkey-EU Relations|work=Republic of Turkey Ministry of Foreign Affairs|access-date=7 June 2015|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20150627090859/http://www.mfa.gov.tr/relations-between-turkey-and-the-european-union.en.mfa |archive-date=27 June 2015}}</ref> || 14 December 2015<ref>{{cite news |title=Turkey expects new talks on its EU bid next month |work=BBC News |date=26 November 2015 |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-34930708 |access-date=27 November 2015 |archive-date=2 January 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210102214645/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-34930708 |url-status=live }}</ref> || – || – 
|-
| style="text-align:left;" | 18. Statistics 
| 19 June 2006 || 18 July 2006 || – || 25 June 2007 || – || – || – || – 
|-
| style="text-align:left;" | 19. Social Policy & Employment 
| 8 February 2006 || 22 March 2006 || – || – || – || – || – || – 
|-
| style="text-align:left;" | 20. Enterprise & Industrial Policy 
| 27 March 2006 || 5 May 2006 || – || 29 March 2007 || – || – || – || – 
|-
| style="text-align:left;" | 21. Trans-European Networks 
| 30 June 2006 || 29 September 2006 || – || 19 December 2007 || – || – || – || – 
|-
| style="text-align:left;" | 22. Regional Policy & Coordination of Structural Instruments 
| 11 September 2006 || 10 October 2006 || – || 5 November 2013<ref>{{cite web|title=New EU chapter promises regional development in Turkey|url= http://www.turkishweekly.net/news/158109/new-eu-chapter-promises-regional-development-in-turkey.html |access-date=5 November 2013|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20131105084850/http://www.turkishweekly.net/news/158109/new-eu-chapter-promises-regional-development-in-turkey.html |archive-date=5 November 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=EU-Turkey membership talks in Brussels|url=http://www.kuna.net.kw/ArticleDetails.aspx?id=2342355&language=en|access-date=5 November 2013|archive-date=11 June 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200611051911/https://www.kuna.net.kw/ArticleDetails.aspx?id=2342355&language=en|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title= EU, Turkey restart membership talks | date=5 November 2013 |url= http://www.hurriyetdailynews.com/eu-turkey-in-talks-for-membership.aspx?pageID=238&nID=57361&NewsCatID=351 |access-date= 5 November 2013 |archive-date= 8 November 2016 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20161108061133/http://www.hurriyetdailynews.com/eu-turkey-in-talks-for-membership.aspx?pageID=238&nID=57361&NewsCatID=351 |url-status= live }}</ref> || 25 June 2007<ref group=C name=France/> || 12 February 2013 || – || – 
|-
| style="text-align:left;" | 23. Judiciary & Fundamental Rights 
| 7 September 2006 || 13 October 2006 || – || – || 8 December 2009<ref group=C name=frozen/> || – || – || –
|-
| style="text-align:left;" | 24. Justice, Freedom & Security 
| 23 January 2006 || 15 February 2006 || – || – || 8 December 2009<ref group=C name=frozen/> || – || – || – 
|-
| style="text-align:left;" | 25. Science & Research 
| 20 October 2005 || 14 November 2005 || – || 12 June 2006 || – || – || – || '''12 June 2006''' 
|-
| style="text-align:left;" | 26. Education & Culture 
| 26 October 2005 || 16 November 2005 || – || – || 8 December 2009<ref group=C name=frozen/> || – || – || –
|-
| style="text-align:left;" | 27. Environment & Climate Change 
| 3 April 2006 || 2 June 2006 || – || – || 21 December 2009<ref group=C name=Council/> || – || – || – 
|-
| style="text-align:left;" | 28. Consumer & Health Protection 
| 8 June 2006 || 11 July 2006 || – || – || 19 December 2007 || – || – || – 
|-
| style="text-align:left;" | 29. Customs Union 
| 31 January 2006 || 14 March 2006 || – || – || 11 December 2006<ref group=C name=Council/> || – || – || – 
|-
| style="text-align:left;" | 30. External Relations 
| 10 July 2006 || 13 September 2006 || – || 11 December 2006<ref group=C name=Council/> || – || – || – || – 
|-
| style="text-align:left;" | 31. Foreign, Security & Defence Policy 
| 14 September 2006 || 6 October 2006 || – || – || 8 December 2009<ref group=C name=frozen/> || – || – || – 
|-
| style="text-align:left;" | 32. Financial Control 
| 18 May 2006 || 30 June 2006 || – || 26 July 2007 || – || – || – || – 
|-
| style="text-align:left;" | 33. Financial & Budgetary Provisions 
| 6 September 2006 || 4 October 2006 || – || 30 June 2016<ref>{{cite web |title=Accession conference with Turkey: Talks opened on Chapter 33 – Financial and budgetary provisions |url=http://www.consilium.europa.eu/en/press/press-releases/2016/06/30-turkey-accession-conference/ |access-date=30 June 2016 |archive-date=2 August 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170802210740/http://www.consilium.europa.eu/en/press/press-releases/2016/06/30-turkey-accession-conference/ |url-status=live }}</ref> || 25 June 2007<ref group=C name=France/><ref name=ifri/> || 18 March 2016 || – || – 
|-
| style="text-align:left;" | 34. Institutions 
| – || – || – || – || – || – || – || – 
|-
| style="text-align:left;" | 35. Other Issues 
| – || – || – || – || – || – || – || – 
|-
|Progress
|33 of 33
|33 of 33
|0 of 13
|16 of 33
|17 of 33
|3 of 17
|1 of 33
|1 of 13
|-
| colspan="9" | <references group=C />
|}

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  bar:Customs_Union                                             color:screening from:31/01/2006 till:14/03/2006
                                                                color:frozen    from:11/12/2006 till:end
                                                                at:end align:right shift:(0,-4) text:Customs_Union
  bar:External_Relations                                        color:screening from:10/07/2006 till:13/09/2006
                                                                color:frozen    from:11/12/2006 till:end
                                                                at:end align:right shift:(0,-4) text:External_Relations
  bar:Foreign_Security_&_Defence_Policy                         color:screening from:14/09/2006 till:06/10/2006
                                                                color:frozen    from:08/12/2009 till:end
                                                                at:end align:right shift:(0,-4) text:Foreign,_Security_&_Defence_Policy
  bar:Financial_Control                                         color:screening from:18/05/2006 till:30/06/2006
                                                                color:open      from:26/07/2007 till:end
                                                                at:end align:right shift:(0,-4) text:Financial_Control
  bar:Financial_&_Budgetary_Provisions                          color:screening from:06/09/2006 till:04/10/2006
                                                                color:frozen    from:25/06/2007 till:18/03/2016
                                                                color:open      from:30/06/2016 till:end
                                                                at:end align:right shift:(0,-4) text:Financial_&_Budgetary_Provisions
  bar:Institutions                                              at:end align:right shift:(0,-4) text:Institutions
  bar:Other_Issues                                              at:end align:right shift:(0,-4) text:Other_Issues
}}
}}

===Report history for Turkey's ability to assume the obligations of EU membership===
{| class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed sortable" style="text-align:left"
|+ class="nowrap" | Report history 2003–2004
|-
| colspan=3 |
{{legend-inline|#f3f|totally incompatible}}
{{legend-inline|#f00|early stage}}
{{legend-inline|#ffa500|considerable efforts needed}}
{{legend-inline|#FFD27F|some level of preparation}}
{{legend-inline|#ff5|further efforts needed}}
{{legend-inline|#FFFFE0|moderately advanced}}
{{legend-inline|#cfc|good level of preparation}}
{{legend-inline|#7fff00|advanced}}
{{legend-inline|#32cd32|well advanced}}

<br/>
† This chart does not indicate chapters which have been provisionally closed and/or chapters which have been frozen.

‡ Prior to the [[2004 enlargement of the European Union]], there were thirty-one chapters of the ''acquis communautaire''.
|-
![[Acquis#Chapters|Acquis chapter]]!!2003<ref>{{cite web |title=2003 Regular Report on Turkey's progress towards accession |url=https://ec.europa.eu/neighbourhood-enlargement/sites/default/files/archives/pdf/key_documents/2003/rr_tk_final_en.pdf |publisher=European Commission |date=29 May 2003 |access-date=16 May 2021 |location=Brussels |language=English |archive-date=11 April 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210411102438/https://ec.europa.eu/neighbourhood-enlargement/sites/default/files/archives/pdf/key_documents/2003/rr_tk_final_en.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref>
!2004<ref>{{cite web |title=2004 Regular Report on Turkey's progress towards accession |url=https://www.europarl.europa.eu/meetdocs/2004_2009/documents/sec/com_sec(2004)1201_/com_sec(2004)1201_en.pdf |publisher=European Commission |access-date=16 May 2021 |location=Brussels |language=English |date=10 June 2004 |archive-date=10 May 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210510144350/https://www.europarl.europa.eu/meetdocs/2004_2009/documents/sec/com_sec(2004)1201_/com_sec(2004)1201_en.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
| style="text-align:left;" | 1. Free Movement of Goods ||style="background:#ffa500;"|Considerable efforts needed||style="background:#ffa500;"|Considerable efforts needed
|-
| style="text-align:left;" | 2. Freedom Movement of Persons ||style="background:#ffa500;"|Considerable efforts needed||style="background:#f00;"|Early stage
|-
| style="text-align:left;" | 3. Freedom to Provide Services ||style="background:#ffa500;"|Considerable efforts needed||style="background:#ffa500;"|Considerable efforts needed
|-
| style="text-align:left;" | 4. Free Movement of Capital ||style="background:#ff5;"|Further efforts needed||style="background:#ffa500;"|Considerable efforts needed
|-
| style="text-align:left;" | 5. Company Law ||style="background:#f00;"|Early stage||style="background:#ffa500;"|Considerable efforts needed
|-
| style="text-align:left;" | 6. Competition Policy ||style="background:#ff5;"|Further efforts needed||style="background:#ff5;"|Further efforts needed
|-
| style="text-align:left;" | 7. Agriculture ||style="background:#ff5;"|Further efforts needed||style="background:#ffa500;"|Considerable efforts needed
|-
| style="text-align:left;" | 8. Fisheries ||style="background:#ffa500;"|Considerable efforts needed||style="background:#ffa500;"|Considerable efforts needed
|-
| style="text-align:left;" | 9. Transport Policy ||style="background:#f00;"|Early stage||style="background:#ffa500;"|Considerable efforts needed
|-
| style="text-align:left;" | 10. Taxation ||style="background:#ff5;"|Further efforts needed||style="background:#ffa500;"|Considerable efforts needed
|-
| style="text-align:left;" | 11. Economic and Monetary Union ||style="background:#f00;"|Early stage||style="background:#ffa500;"|Considerable efforts needed
|-
| style="text-align:left;" | 12. Statistics ||style="background:#ff5;"|Further efforts needed||style="background:#ffa500;"|Considerable efforts needed
|-
| style="text-align:left;" | 13. Social Policy and Employment ||style="background:#ffa500;"|Considerable efforts needed||style="background:#ffa500;"|Considerable efforts needed
|-
| style="text-align:left;" | 14. Energy ||style="background:#ff5;"|Further efforts needed||style="background:#ff5;"|Further efforts needed
|-
| style="text-align:left;" | 15. Industrial Policy ||style="background:#ff5;"|Further efforts needed||style="background:#FFFFE0;"|Moderately advanced
|-
| style="text-align:left;" | 16. Small and Medium-sized Companies ||style="background:#ff5;"|Further efforts needed||style="background:#FFFFE0;"|Moderately advanced
|-
| style="text-align:left;" | 17. Science and Research ||style="background:#ff5;"|Further efforts needed||style="background:#ff5;"|Further efforts needed
|-
| style="text-align:left;" | 18. Education and Training ||style="background:#FFFFE0;"|Moderately advanced||style="background:#ff5;"|Further efforts needed
|-
| style="text-align:left;" | 19. Telecommunication and Information Technologies ||style="background:#ffa500;"|Considerable efforts needed||style="background:#FFFFE0;"|Moderately advanced
|-
| style="text-align:left;" | 20. Culture and Audio-visual Policy ||style="background:#ffa500;"|Considerable efforts needed||style="background:#ffa500;"|Considerable efforts needed
|-
| style="text-align:left;" | 21. Regional Policy and Coordination of Structural Instruments ||style="background:#ffa500;"|Considerable efforts needed||style="background:#ffa500;"|Considerable efforts needed
|-
| style="text-align:left;" | 22. Environment ||style="background:#ffa500;"|Considerable efforts needed||style="background:#f00;"|Early stage
|-
| style="text-align:left;" | 23. Consumer and Health Protection ||style="background:#FFFFE0;"|Moderately advanced||style="background:#ff5;"|Further efforts needed
|-
| style="text-align:left;" | 24. Cooperation in the Field of Justice and Home Affairs ||style="background:#ff5;"|Further efforts needed||style="background:#ff5;"|Further efforts needed
|-
| style="text-align:left;" | 25. Customs Union ||style="background:#FFFFE0;"|Moderately advanced||style="background:#FFFFE0;"|Moderately advanced
|-
| style="text-align:left;" | 26. External Relations ||style="background:#FFFFE0;"|Moderately advanced||style="background:#FFFFE0;"|Moderately advanced
|-
| style="text-align:left;" | 27.  Common Foreign and Security Policy ||style="background:#FFFFE0;"|Moderately advanced||style="background:#FFFFE0;"|Moderately advanced
|-
| style="text-align:left;" | 28. Financial Control ||style="background:#ff5;"|Further efforts needed||style="background:#ffa500;"|Considerable efforts needed
|-
| style="text-align:left;" | 29. Financial and Budgetary Provisions ||style="background:#ff5;"|Further efforts needed||style="background:#ff5;"|Further efforts needed
|-
| style="text-align:left;" | 30. Institutions ||style="background:#ff5;"|Further efforts needed||style="background:#ff5;"|Further efforts needed
|-
| style="text-align:left;" | 31. Others ||style="background:#ff5;"|Further efforts needed||style="background:#ff5;"|Further efforts needed
|-
| colspan=3|
{{legend-inline|#f3f|totally incompatible}}
{{legend-inline|#f00|early stage}}
{{legend-inline|#ffa500|considerable efforts needed}}
{{legend-inline|#FFD27F|some level of preparation}}
{{legend-inline|#ff5|further efforts needed}}
{{legend-inline|#FFFFE0|moderately advanced}}
{{legend-inline|#cfc|good level of preparation}}
{{legend-inline|#7fff00|advanced}}
{{legend-inline|#32cd32|well advanced}}

<br/>
† This chart does not indicate chapters which have been provisionally closed and/or chapters which have been frozen.

‡ Prior to the [[2004 enlargement of the European Union]] there were thirty-one chapters of the ''acquis communautaire''.
|}
{| class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed sortable" style="text-align:left"
|+ class="nowrap" | Report history 2005–2024
|-
| colspan="21" |
{{legend-inline|#f3f|totally incompatible}}
{{legend-inline|#f00|early stage}}
{{legend-inline|#ffa500|considerable efforts needed}}
{{legend-inline|#FFD27F|some level of preparation}}
{{legend-inline|#ff5|further efforts needed}}
{{legend-inline|#FFFFE0|moderately advanced}}
{{legend-inline|#cfc|good level of preparation}}
{{legend-inline|#7fff00|advanced}}
{{legend-inline|#32cd32|well advanced}}

<br/>
† This chart does not indicate chapters which have been provisionally closed and/or chapters which have been frozen.

‡ After the [[2004 enlargement of the European Union]] four more chapters were added and/or restructured, bringing the total number of ''acquis communautaire'' chapters to 35.
|-
!Clusters
![[Acquis#Chapters|Acquis chapter]]
!2005<ref>{{cite web |title=Turkey 2005 Progress Report |url=https://ec.europa.eu/transparency/regdoc/rep/2/2005/EN/2-2005-1426-EN-1-0.pdf |publisher=European Commission |location=Brussels |language=English |date=9 November 2005 |access-date=16 May 2021 |archive-date=25 February 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210225001919/https://ec.europa.eu/transparency/regdoc/rep/2/2005/EN/2-2005-1426-EN-1-0.Pdf |url-status=live }}</ref>
!2006<ref>{{cite web |title=Turkey 2006 Progress Report |url=https://ec.europa.eu/neighbourhood-enlargement/sites/default/files/pdf/key_documents/2006/nov/tr_sec_1390_en.pdf |publisher=European Commission |location=Brussels |language=English |date=8 November 2006 |access-date=16 May 2021 |archive-date=8 May 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210508224707/https://ec.europa.eu/neighbourhood-enlargement/sites/default/files/pdf/key_documents/2006/nov/tr_sec_1390_en.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref>
!2007<ref>{{cite web |title=Turkey 2007 Progress Report |url=https://op.europa.eu/en/publication-detail/-/publication/67cb3dc8-894a-4f63-a3ea-5065da936c67 |website=Publications Office of the EU |publisher=European Commission |location=Brussels |language=English |date=11 June 2007 |access-date=16 May 2021 |archive-date=15 August 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210815000114/https://op.europa.eu/en/publication-detail/-/publication/67cb3dc8-894a-4f63-a3ea-5065da936c67 |url-status=live }}</ref>
!2008<ref>{{cite web |title=Turkey 2008 Progress Report |url=https://ec.europa.eu/neighbourhood-enlargement/sites/near/files/pdf/press_corner/key-documents/reports_nov_2008/turkey_progress_report_en.pdf |publisher=European Commission |location=Brussels |language=English |date=5 November 2008 |access-date=17 May 2021 |archive-date=6 May 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210506015222/https://ec.europa.eu/neighbourhood-enlargement/sites/near/files/pdf/press_corner/key-documents/reports_nov_2008/turkey_progress_report_en.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref>
!2009<ref>{{cite web |title=Turkey 2009 Progress Report |url=https://ec.europa.eu/neighbourhood-enlargement/sites/near/files/pdf/key_documents/2009/tr_rapport_2009_en.pdf |publisher=European Commission |location=Brussels |language=English |date=14 October 2009 |access-date=7 June 2021 |archive-date=6 May 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210506021836/https://ec.europa.eu/neighbourhood-enlargement/sites/near/files/pdf/key_documents/2009/tr_rapport_2009_en.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref>
!2010<ref>{{cite web |title=Turkey 2010 Progress Report |url=https://www.ab.gov.tr/files/AB_Iliskileri/Tur_En_Realitons/Progress/turkey_progress_report_2010.pdf |publisher=European Commission |location=Brussels |language=English |date=9 November 2010 |access-date=7 June 2021 |archive-date=1 March 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210301133308/https://ab.gov.tr/files/AB_Iliskileri/Tur_En_Realitons/Progress/turkey_progress_report_2010.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref>
!2011<ref>{{cite web |title=Turkey 2011 Progress Report |url=https://ec.europa.eu/neighbourhood-enlargement/sites/near/files/pdf/key_documents/2011/package/tr_rapport_2011_en.pdf |publisher=European Commission |location=Brussels |language=English |date=12 October 2011 |access-date=24 August 2021 |archive-date=12 April 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210412114703/https://ec.europa.eu/neighbourhood-enlargement/sites/near/files/pdf/key_documents/2011/package/tr_rapport_2011_en.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref>
!2012<ref>{{cite web |title=Turkey 2012 Progress Report |url=https://ec.europa.eu/neighbourhood-enlargement/sites/near/files/pdf/key_documents/2012/package/tr_rapport_2012_en.pdf |publisher=European Commission |location=Brussels |language=English |date=10 October 2012 |access-date=28 August 2021 |archive-date=14 March 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170314154552/https://ec.europa.eu/neighbourhood-enlargement/sites/near/files/pdf/key_documents/2012/package/tr_rapport_2012_en.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref>
!2013<ref>{{cite web |title=Turkey 2013 Progress Report |url=https://ec.europa.eu/neighbourhood-enlargement/sites/near/files/pdf/key_documents/2012/package/tr_rapport_2012_en.pdf |publisher=European Commission |location=Brussels |language=English |date=16 October 2013 |access-date=28 August 2021 |archive-date=14 March 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170314154552/https://ec.europa.eu/neighbourhood-enlargement/sites/near/files/pdf/key_documents/2012/package/tr_rapport_2012_en.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref>
!2014<ref>{{cite web |title=Turkey 2014 Progress Report |url=https://ec.europa.eu/neighbourhood-enlargement/sites/near/files/pdf/key_documents/2014/20141008-turkey-progress-report_en.pdf |publisher=European Commission |location=Brussels |language=English |date=8 October 2014 |access-date=28 August 2021 |archive-date=3 July 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170703112152/https://ec.europa.eu/neighbourhood-enlargement/sites/near/files/pdf/key_documents/2014/20141008-turkey-progress-report_en.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref>
!2015<ref>{{cite web |title=Turkey 2015 Report |url=http://ec.europa.eu/enlargement/pdf/key_documents/2015/20151110_report_turkey.pdf |publisher=European Commission |date=10 November 2015 |access-date=28 August 2021 |location=Brussels |language=English |archive-date=23 November 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161123042721/http://ec.europa.eu/enlargement/pdf/key_documents/2015/20151110_report_turkey.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref>
!2016<ref>{{cite web |title=Turkey 2016 Report |url=https://ec.europa.eu/neighbourhood-enlargement/sites/near/files/pdf/key_documents/2016/20161109_report_turkey.pdf |publisher=European Commission |date=9 November 2016 |access-date=16 May 2021 |location=Brussels |language=English |archive-date=18 December 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201218132551/https://ec.europa.eu/neighbourhood-enlargement/sites/near/files/pdf/key_documents/2016/20161109_report_turkey.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref>
!2018<ref>{{cite web |title=Turkey 2018 Report |url=https://ec.europa.eu/neighbourhood-enlargement/sites/default/files/20180417-turkey-report.pdf |publisher=European Commission |date=17 April 2018 |access-date=28 August 2021 |location=Brussels |language=English |archive-date=28 August 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210828082140/https://ec.europa.eu/neighbourhood-enlargement/sites/default/files/20180417-turkey-report.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref>
!2019<ref>{{cite web |title=Turkey 2019 Report |url=https://ec.europa.eu/neighbourhood-enlargement/sites/near/files/20190529-turkey-report.pdf |publisher=European Commission |date=29 May 2019 |access-date=16 May 2021 |location=Brussels |language=English |archive-date=12 November 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201112033149/https://ec.europa.eu/neighbourhood-enlargement/sites/near/files/20190529-turkey-report.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref>
!2020<ref>{{cite web |title=Turkey 2020 Report |url=https://ec.europa.eu/neighbourhood-enlargement/sites/near/files/turkey_report_2020.pdf |publisher=European Commission |date=6 October 2020 |access-date=16 May 2021 |location=Brussels |language=English |archive-date=3 November 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201103090805/https://ec.europa.eu/neighbourhood-enlargement/sites/near/files/turkey_report_2020.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref>
!2021<ref>{{cite web |title=Turkey 2021 Report |url=https://ec.europa.eu/neighbourhood-enlargement/system/files/2021-10/Turkey%202021%20report.PDF |publisher=European Commission |date=19 October 2021 |access-date=3 February 2022 |location=Brussels |language=English |archive-date=21 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220121110007/https://ec.europa.eu/neighbourhood-enlargement/system/files/2021-10/Turkey%202021%20report.PDF |url-status=live }}</ref>
!2022<ref name="TurkeyReport2022">{{cite web |url=https://neighbourhood-enlargement.ec.europa.eu/document/download/ccedfba1-0ea4-4220-9f94-ae50c7fd0302_en?filename=T%C3%BCrkiye%20Report%202022.pdf |title=Turkey Report 2022 |publisher=European Commission |access-date=13 October 2022 |archive-date=22 January 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230122184638/https://neighbourhood-enlargement.ec.europa.eu/system/files/2022-10/T%C3%BCrkiye%20Report%202022.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref>
!2023<ref name="TurkeyReport2023">{{cite web |url=https://neighbourhood-enlargement.ec.europa.eu/document/download/eb90aefd-897b-43e9-8373-bf59c239217f_en?filename=SWD_2023_696%20T%C3%BCrkiye%20report.pdf |title=Turkey Report 2023 |publisher=European Commission |access-date=8 November 2023 |archive-date=27 February 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240227104732/https://neighbourhood-enlargement.ec.europa.eu/document/download/eb90aefd-897b-43e9-8373-bf59c239217f_en?filename=SWD_2023_696%20T%C3%BCrkiye%20report.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref>
!2024<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-10-30 |title=Commission Staff Working Document: Türkiye 2024 Report |url=https://neighbourhood-enlargement.ec.europa.eu/document/download/8010c4db-6ef8-4c85-aa06-814408921c89_en?filename=T%C3%BCrkiye%20Report%202024.pdf |access-date=2024-10-30 |website=European Neighbourhood Policy and Enlargement Negotiations (DG NEAR)}}</ref>
|-
|rowspan="5"| Cluster 1: Fundamentals
| style="text-align:left;" | 23. Judiciary and Fundamental Rights ||style="background:#ff5;"|Further efforts needed||style="background:#ffa500;"|Considerable efforts needed||style="background:#ffa500;"|Considerable efforts needed||style="background:#ff5;"|Further efforts needed||style="background:#ff5;"|Further efforts needed||style="background:#ff5;"|Further efforts needed||style="background:#ff5;"|Further efforts needed||style="background:#ff5;"|Further efforts needed||style="background:#ff5;"|Further efforts needed||style="background:#ff5;"|Further efforts needed||style="background:#FFD27F;"|Some level of preparation||style="background:#FFD27F;"|Some level of preparation||style="background:#f00;"|Early stage||style="background:#f00;"|Early stage||style="background:#f00;"|Early stage||style="background:#f00;"|Early stage||style="background:#f00;"|Early stage||style="background:#f00;"|Early stage||style="background:#f00;"|Early stage
|
|-
| style="text-align:left;" | 24. Justice, Freedom, and Security ||style="background:#ff5;"|Further efforts needed||style="background:#ffa500;"|Considerable efforts needed||style="background:#ff5;"|Further efforts needed||style="background:#ff5;"|Further efforts needed||style="background:#ff5;"|Further efforts needed||style="background:#ff5;"|Further efforts needed||style="background:#ff5;"|Further efforts needed||style="background:#f00;"|Early stage||style="background:#f00;"|Early stage||style="background:#FFFFE0;"|Moderately advanced||style="background:#FFFFE0;"|Moderately advanced||style="background:#FFFFE0;"|Moderately advanced||style="background:#FFFFE0;"|Moderately advanced||style="background:#FFFFE0;"|Moderately advanced||style="background:#FFFFE0;"|Moderately advanced||style="background:#FFFFE0;"|Moderately advanced||style="background:#FFFFE0;"|Moderately advanced||style="background:#FFFFE0;"|Moderately advanced||style="background:#FFFFE0;"|Moderately advanced
|
|-
| style="text-align:left;" | 5. Public Procurement ||style="background:#ff5;"|Further efforts needed||style="background:#ffa500;"|Considerable efforts needed||style="background:#ff5;"|Further efforts needed||style="background:#ffa500;"|Considerable efforts needed||style="background:#ffa500;"|Considerable efforts needed||style="background:#ffa500;"|Considerable efforts needed||style="background:#ffa500;"|Considerable efforts needed||style="background:#FFFFE0;"|Moderately advanced||style="background:#FFFFE0;"|Moderately advanced||style="background:#FFFFE0;"|Moderately advanced||style="background:#FFFFE0;"|Moderately advanced||style="background:#FFFFE0;"|Moderately advanced||style="background:#FFFFE0;"|Moderately advanced||style="background:#FFFFE0;"|Moderately advanced||style="background:#FFFFE0;"|Moderately advanced||style="background:#FFFFE0;"|Moderately advanced||style="background:#FFFFE0;"|Moderately advanced||style="background:#FFFFE0;"|Moderately advanced||style="background:#FFFFE0;"|Moderately advanced
|
|-
| style="text-align:left;" | 18. Statistics ||style="background:#ffa500;"|Considerable efforts needed||style="background:#FFD27F;"|Some level of preparation||style="background:#FFFFE0;"|Moderately advanced||style="background:#ff5;"|Further efforts needed||style="background:#ff5;"|Further efforts needed||style="background:#7fff00;"|Advanced||style="background:#7fff00;"|Advanced||style="background:#cfc;"|Good level of preparation||style="background:#7fff00;"|Advanced||style="background:#7fff00;"|Advanced||style="background:#FFFFE0;"|Moderately advanced||style="background:#FFFFE0;"|Moderately advanced||style="background:#FFFFE0;"|Moderately advanced||style="background:#FFFFE0;"|Moderately advanced||style="background:#FFFFE0;"|Moderately advanced||style="background:#FFFFE0;"|Moderately advanced||style="background:#FFFFE0;"|Moderately advanced||style="background:#FFFFE0;"|Moderately advanced||style="background:#FFFFE0;"|Moderately advanced
|
|-
| style="text-align:left;" | 32. Financial Control ||style="background:#ff5;"|Further efforts needed||style="background:#ff5;"|Further efforts needed||style="background:#ff5;"|Further efforts needed||style="background:#FFFFE0;"|Moderately advanced||style="background:#FFFFE0;"|Moderately advanced||style="background:#ff5;"|Further efforts needed||style="background:#ff5;"|Further efforts needed||style="background:#FFFFE0;"|Moderately advanced||style="background:#cfc;"|Good level of preparation||style="background:#FFFFE0;"|Moderately advanced||style="background:#cfc;"|Good level of preparation||style="background:#cfc;"|Good level of preparation||style="background:#cfc;"|Good level of preparation||style="background:#cfc;"|Good level of preparation||style="background:#cfc;"|Good level of preparation||style="background:#cfc;"|Good level of preparation||style="background:#cfc;"|Good level of preparation||style="background:#cfc;"|Good level of preparation||style="background:#cfc;"|Good level of preparation
|
|-
|rowspan="9"| Cluster 2: Internal Market
| style="text-align:left;" | 1. Free Movement of Goods ||style="background:#ffa500;"|Considerable efforts needed||style="background:#ffa500;"|Considerable efforts needed||style="background:#FFFFE0;"|Moderately advanced||style="background:#FFFFE0;"|Moderately advanced||style="background:#FFFFE0;"|Moderately advanced||style="background:#FFFFE0;"|Moderately advanced||style="background:#FFFFE0;"|Moderately advanced||style="background:#7fff00;"|Advanced||style="background:#7fff00;"|Advanced||style="background:#7fff00;"|Advanced||style="background:#cfc;"|Good level of preparation||style="background:#cfc;"|Good level of preparation||style="background:#cfc;"|Good level of preparation||style="background:#cfc;"|Good level of preparation||style="background:#cfc;"|Good level of preparation||style="background:#cfc;"|Good level of preparation||style="background:#cfc;"|Good level of preparation||style="background:#cfc;"|Good level of preparation||style="background:#cfc;"|Good level of preparation
|
|-
| style="text-align:left;" | 2. Freedom of Movement for Workers ||style="background:#f00;"|Early stage||style="background:#f00;"|Early stage||style="background:#f00;"|Early stage||style="background:#f00;"|Early stage||style="background:#f00;"|Early stage||style="background:#f00;"|Early stage||style="background:#f00;"|Early stage||style="background:#f00;"|Early stage||style="background:#f00;"|Early stage||style="background:#f00;"|Early stage||style="background:#f00;"|Early stage||style="background:#f00;"|Early stage||style="background:#f00;"|Early stage||style="background:#f00;"|Early stage||style="background:#f00;"|Early stage||style="background:#f00;"|Early stage||style="background:#f00;"|Early stage||style="background:#f00;"|Early stage||style="background:#f00;"|Early stage
|
|-
| style="text-align:left;" | 3. Right of Establishment and Freedom to Provide Services ||style="background:#ffa500;"|Considerable efforts needed||style="background:#ffa500;"|Considerable efforts needed||style="background:#ffa500;"|Considerable efforts needed||style="background:#f00;"|Early stage||style="background:#f00;"|Early stage||style="background:#f00;"|Early stage||style="background:#f00;"|Early stage||style="background:#f00;"|Early stage||style="background:#f00;"|Early stage||style="background:#f00;"|Early stage||style="background:#f00;"|Early stage||style="background:#f00;"|Early stage||style="background:#f00;"|Early stage||style="background:#f00;"|Early stage||style="background:#f00;"|Early stage||style="background:#f00;"|Early stage||style="background:#f00;"|Early stage||style="background:#f00;"|Early stage||style="background:#f00;"|Early stage
|
|-
| style="text-align:left;" | 4. Free Movement of Capital ||style="background:#ff5;"|Further efforts needed||style="background:#ffa500;"|Considerable efforts needed||style="background:#ff5;"|Further efforts needed||style="background:#ff5;"|Further efforts needed||style="background:#ff5;"|Further efforts needed||style="background:#ff5;"|Further efforts needed||style="background:#ff5;"|Further efforts needed||style="background:#f00;"|Early stage||style="background:#f00;"|Early stage||style="background:#FFFFE0;"|Moderately advanced||style="background:#FFFFE0;"|Moderately advanced||style="background:#FFFFE0;"|Moderately advanced||style="background:#FFFFE0;"|Moderately advanced||style="background:#FFFFE0;"|Moderately advanced||style="background:#FFFFE0;"|Moderately advanced||style="background:#FFFFE0;"|Moderately advanced||style="background:#FFFFE0;"|Moderately advanced||style="background:#FFFFE0;"|Moderately advanced||style="background:#FFFFE0;"|Moderately advanced
|
|-
| style="text-align:left;" | 6. Company Law ||style="background:#ff5;"|Further efforts needed||style="background:#ff5;"|Further efforts needed||style="background:#ffa500;"|Considerable efforts needed||style="background:#FFFFE0;"|Moderately advanced||style="background:#FFFFE0;"|Moderately advanced||style="background:#ff5;"|Further efforts needed||style="background:#ff5;"|Further efforts needed||style="background:#FFFFE0;"|Moderately advanced||style="background:#32cd32;"|Well advanced||style="background:#32cd32;"|Well advanced||style="background:#32cd32;"|Well advanced||style="background:#32cd32;"|Well advanced||style="background:#32cd32;"|Well advanced||style="background:#32cd32;"|Well advanced||style="background:#32cd32;"|Well advanced||style="background:#32cd32;"|Well advanced||style="background:#32cd32;"|Well advanced||style="background:#32cd32;"|Well advanced||style="background:#32cd32;"|Well advanced
|
|-
| style="text-align:left;" | 7. Intellectual Property Law ||style="background:#ff5;"|Further efforts needed||style="background:#FFFFE0;"|Moderately advanced||style="background:#f00;"|Early stage||style="background:#FFFFE0;"|Moderately advanced||style="background:#FFFFE0;"|Moderately advanced||style="background:#FFFFE0;"|Moderately advanced||style="background:#ff5;"|Further efforts needed||style="background:#ff5;"|Further efforts needed||style="background:#7fff00;"|Advanced||style="background:#7fff00;"|Advanced||style="background:#cfc;"|Good level of preparation||style="background:#cfc;"|Good level of preparation||style="background:#cfc;"|Good level of preparation||style="background:#cfc;"|Good level of preparation||style="background:#cfc;"|Good level of preparation||style="background:#cfc;"|Good level of preparation||style="background:#cfc;"|Good level of preparation||style="background:#cfc;"|Good level of preparation||style="background:#cfc;"|Good level of preparation
|
|-
| style="text-align:left;" | 8. Competition Policy ||style="background:#ff5;"|Further efforts needed||style="background:#ff5;"|Further efforts needed||style="background:#ff5;"|Further efforts needed||style="background:#FFFFE0;"|Moderately advanced||style="background:#FFFFE0;"|Moderately advanced||style="background:#FFFFE0;"|Moderately advanced||style="background:#ff5;"|Further efforts needed||style="background:#ff5;"|Further efforts needed||style="background:#FFFFE0;"|Moderately advanced||style="background:#FFFFE0;"|Moderately advanced||style="background:#FFFFE0;"|Moderately advanced||style="background:#FFD27F;"|Some level of preparation||style="background:#FFD27F;"|Some level of preparation||style="background:#FFD27F;"|Some level of preparation||style="background:#FFD27F;"|Some level of preparation||style="background:#FFD27F;"|Some level of preparation||style="background:#FFD27F;"|Some level of preparation||style="background:#FFD27F;"|Some level of preparation||style="background:#FFD27F;"|Some level of preparation
|
|-
| style="text-align:left;" | 9. Financial Services ||style="background:#ff5;"|Further efforts needed||style="background:#ff5;"|Further efforts needed||style="background:#FFFFE0;"|Moderately advanced||style="background:#FFFFE0;"|Moderately advanced||style="background:#ff5;"|Further efforts needed||style="background:#ff5;"|Further efforts needed||style="background:#ff5;"|Further efforts needed||style="background:#cfc;"|Good level of preparation||style="background:#7fff00;"|Advanced||style="background:#7fff00;"|Advanced||style="background:#cfc;"|Good level of preparation||style="background:#cfc;"|Good level of preparation||style="background:#cfc;"|Good level of preparation||style="background:#cfc;"|Good level of preparation||style="background:#cfc;"|Good level of preparation||style="background:#cfc;"|Good level of preparation||style="background:#cfc;"|Good level of preparation||style="background:#cfc;"|Good level of preparation||style="background:#cfc;"|Good level of preparation
|
|-
| style="text-align:left;" | 28. Consumer and Health Protection ||style="background:#ff5;"|Further efforts needed||style="background:#ff5;"|Further efforts needed||style="background:#ff5;"|Further efforts needed||style="background:#ff5;"|Further efforts needed||style="background:#ff5;"|Further efforts needed||style="background:#FFFFE0;"|Moderately advanced||style="background:#ff5;"|Further efforts needed||style="background:#cfc;"|Good level of preparation||style="background:#cfc;"|Good level of preparation||style="background:#cfc;"|Good level of preparation||style="background:#cfc;"|Good level of preparation||style="background:#cfc;"|Good level of preparation||style="background:#cfc;"|Good level of preparation||style="background:#cfc;"|Good level of preparation||style="background:#cfc;"|Good level of preparation||style="background:#cfc;"|Good level of preparation||style="background:#cfc;"|Good level of preparation||style="background:#cfc;"|Good level of preparation||style="background:#cfc;"|Good level of preparation
|
|-
|rowspan="8"| Cluster 3: Competitiveness and inclusive growth
| style="text-align:left;" | 10. Information Society and Media ||style="background:#ffa500;"|Considerable efforts needed||style="background:#ffa500;"|Considerable efforts needed||style="background:#ffa500;"|Considerable efforts needed||style="background:#ffa500;"|Considerable efforts needed||style="background:#ffa500;"|Considerable efforts needed||style="background:#ff5;"|Further efforts needed||style="background:#ff5;"|Further efforts needed||style="background:#FFFFE0;"|Moderately advanced||style="background:#FFFFE0;"|Moderately advanced||style="background:#FFFFE0;"|Moderately advanced||style="background:#FFFFE0;"|Moderately advanced||style="background:#FFFFE0;"|Moderately advanced||style="background:#FFD27F;"|Some level of preparation||style="background:#FFD27F;"|Some level of preparation||style="background:#FFD27F;"|Some level of preparation||style="background:#FFD27F;"|Some level of preparation||style="background:#FFD27F;"|Some level of preparation||style="background:#FFD27F;"|Some level of preparation||style="background:#FFD27F;"|Some level of preparation
|
|-
| style="text-align:left;" | 16. Taxation ||style="background:#ff5;"|Further efforts needed||style="background:#ff5;"|Further efforts needed||style="background:#ff5;"|Further efforts needed||style="background:#ff5;"|Further efforts needed||style="background:#ff5;"|Further efforts needed||style="background:#FFFFE0;"|Moderately advanced||style="background:#FFFFE0;"|Moderately advanced||style="background:#FFFFE0;"|Moderately advanced||style="background:#FFFFE0;"|Moderately advanced||style="background:#FFFFE0;"|Moderately advanced||style="background:#FFFFE0;"|Moderately advanced||style="background:#FFFFE0;"|Moderately advanced||style="background:#FFFFE0;"|Moderately advanced||style="background:#FFFFE0;"|Moderately advanced||style="background:#FFFFE0;"|Moderately advanced||style="background:#FFFFE0;"|Moderately advanced||style="background:#FFFFE0;"|Moderately advanced||style="background:#FFFFE0;"|Moderately advanced||style="background:#FFFFE0;"|Moderately advanced
|
|-
| style="text-align:left;" | 17. Economic and Monetary Policy ||style="background:#ffa500;"|Considerable efforts needed||style="background:#ff5;"|Further efforts needed||style="background:#FFFFE0;"|Moderately advanced||style="background:#ff5;"|Further efforts needed||style="background:#ff5;"|Further efforts needed||style="background:#FFFFE0;"|Moderately advanced||style="background:#FFFFE0;"|Moderately advanced||style="background:#7fff00;"|Advanced||style="background:#7fff00;"|Advanced||style="background:#7fff00;"|Advanced||style="background:#FFFFE0;"|Moderately advanced||style="background:#FFFFE0;"|Moderately advanced|| style="background:#FFFFE0;"|Moderately advanced||style="background:#FFFFE0;"|Moderately advanced||style="background:#FFFFE0;"|Moderately advanced||style="background:#FFD27F;"|Some level of preparation||style="background:#FFD27F;"|Some level of preparation||style="background:#FFD27F;"|Some level of preparation||style="background:#FFD27F;"|Some level of preparation
|
|-
| style="text-align:left;" | 19. Social Policy and Employment ||style="background:#ff5;"|Further efforts needed||style="background:#ff5;"|Further efforts needed||style="background:#ff5;"|Further efforts needed||style="background:#ff5;"|Further efforts needed||style="background:#ff5;"|Further efforts needed||style="background:#ff5;"|Further efforts needed||style="background:#ff5;"|Further efforts needed||style="background:#FFFFE0;"|Moderately advanced||style="background:#FFFFE0;"|Moderately advanced||style="background:#FFFFE0;"|Moderately advanced||style="background:#FFFFE0;"|Moderately advanced||style="background:#FFFFE0;"|Moderately advanced||style="background:#FFD27F;"|Some level of preparation||style="background:#FFD27F;"|Some level of preparation||style="background:#FFD27F;"|Some level of preparation||style="background:#FFD27F;"|Some level of preparation||style="background:#FFD27F;"|Some level of preparation||style="background:#FFD27F;"|Some level of preparation||style="background:#FFD27F;"|Some level of preparation
|
|-
| style="text-align:left;" | 20. Enterprise and Industrial Policy ||style="background:#ff5;"|Further efforts needed||style="background:#FFFFE0;"|Moderately advanced||style="background:#FFFFE0;"|Moderately advanced||style="background:#FFFFE0;"|Moderately advanced||style="background:#FFFFE0;"|Moderately advanced||style="background:#FFFFE0;"|Moderately advanced||style="background:#7fff00;"|Advanced||style="background:#cfc;"|Good level of preparation||style="background:#FFFFE0;"|Moderately advanced|| style="background:#7fff00;"|Advanced||style="background:#cfc;"|Good level of preparation||style="background:#cfc;"|Good level of preparation||style="background:#cfc;"|Good level of preparation||style="background:#cfc;"|Good level of preparation||style="background:#cfc;"|Good level of preparation||style="background:#FFFFE0;"|Moderately advanced||style="background:#FFFFE0;"|Moderately advanced||style="background:#FFFFE0;"|Moderately advanced||style="background:#FFFFE0;"|Moderately advanced
|
|-
| style="text-align:left;" | 25. Science and Research ||style="background:#ff5;"|Further efforts needed||style="background:#32cd32;"|Well advanced||style="background:#32cd32;"|Well advanced||style="background:#32cd32;"|Well advanced||style="background:#32cd32;"|Well advanced||style="background:#32cd32;"|Well advanced||style="background:#32cd32;"|Well advanced||style="background:#32cd32|Well advanced||style="background:#32cd32;"|Well advanced||style="background:#32cd32;"|Well advanced||style="background:#32cd32;"|Well advanced||style="background:#32cd32;"|Well advanced||style="background:#32cd32;"|Well advanced||style="background:#32cd32;"|Well advanced||style="background:#32cd32;"|Well advanced||style="background:#32cd32;"|Well advanced||style="background:#32cd32;"|Well advanced||style="background:#32cd32;"|Well advanced||style="background:#32cd32;"|Well advanced
|
|-
| style="text-align:left;" | 26. Education and Culture ||style="background:#ff5;"|Further efforts needed||style="background:#32cd32;"|Well advanced||style="background:#ff5;"|Further efforts needed||style="background:#ff5;"|Further efforts needed||style="background:#ff5;"|Further efforts needed||style="background:#ff5;"|Further efforts needed||style="background:#32cd32;"|Well advanced||style="background:#FFFFE0;"|Moderately advanced||style="background:#ff5;"|Further efforts needed||style="background:#FFFFE0;"|Moderately advanced||style="background:#FFFFE0;"|Moderately advanced||style="background:#FFFFE0;"|Moderately advanced||style="background:#FFFFE0;"|Moderately advanced||style="background:#FFFFE0;"|Moderately advanced||style="background:#FFFFE0;"|Moderately advanced||style="background:#FFFFE0;"|Moderately advanced||style="background:#FFFFE0;"|Moderately advanced||style="background:#FFFFE0;"|Moderately advanced||style="background:#FFFFE0;"|Moderately advanced
|
|-
| style="text-align:left;" | 29. Customs Union ||style="background:#FFFFE0;"|Moderately advanced||style="background:#FFFFE0;"|Moderately advanced||style="background:#FFFFE0;"|Moderately advanced||style="background:#ff5;"|Further efforts needed||style="background:#ff5;"|Further efforts needed||style="background:#ff5;"|Further efforts needed||style="background:#ff5;"|Further efforts needed||style="background:#7fff00;"|Advanced||style="background:#7fff00;"|Advanced||style="background:#7fff00;"|Advanced||style="background:#cfc;"|Good level of preparation||style="background:#FFD27F;"|Some level of preparation||style="background:#cfc;"|Good level of preparation||style="background:#cfc;"|Good level of preparation||style="background:#cfc;"|Good level of preparation||style="background:#cfc;"|Good level of preparation||style="background:#cfc;"|Good level of preparation||style="background:#cfc;"|Good level of preparation||style="background:#cfc;"|Good level of preparation
|
|-
|rowspan="4"| Cluster 4: Green Agenda and Sustainable Connectivity
| style="text-align:left;" | 14. Transport Policy ||style="background:#ff5;"|Further efforts needed||style="background:#ff5;"|Further efforts needed||style="background:#ff5;"|Further efforts needed||style="background:#FFFFE0;"|Moderately advanced||style="background:#ff5;"|Further efforts needed||style="background:#ff5;"|Further efforts needed||style="background:#FFFFE0;"|Moderately advanced||style="background:#FFFFE0;"|Moderately advanced||style="background:#FFFFE0;"|Moderately advanced||style="background:#FFFFE0;"|Moderately advanced||style="background:#FFFFE0;"|Moderately advanced||style="background:#FFFFE0;"|Moderately advanced||style="background:#FFFFE0;"|Moderately advanced||style="background:#FFFFE0;"|Moderately advanced||style="background:#FFFFE0;"|Moderately advanced||style="background:#FFFFE0;"|Moderately advanced||style="background:#FFFFE0;"|Moderately advanced||style="background:#FFFFE0;"|Moderately advanced||style="background:#FFFFE0;"|Moderately advanced
|
|-
| style="text-align:left;" | 15. Energy ||style="background:#ff5;"|Further efforts needed||style="background:#ffa500;"|Considerable efforts needed||style="background:#ff5;"|Further efforts needed||style="background:#ff5;"|Further efforts needed||style="background:#ff5;"|Further efforts needed||style="background:#ff5;"|Further efforts needed||style="background:#ff5;"|Further efforts needed||style="background:#FFFFE0;"|Moderately advanced||style="background:#FFFFE0;"|Moderately advanced||style="background:#7fff00;"|Advanced||style="background:#FFFFE0;"|Moderately advanced||style="background:#FFFFE0;"|Moderately advanced||style="background:#FFFFE0;"|Moderately advanced||style="background:#FFFFE0;"|Moderately advanced||style="background:#FFFFE0;"|Moderately advanced||style="background:#FFFFE0;"|Moderately advanced||style="background:#FFFFE0;"|Moderately advanced||style="background:#FFFFE0;"|Moderately advanced||style="background:#FFFFE0;"|Moderately advanced
|
|-
| style="text-align:left;" | 21. Trans-European Networks ||style="background:#f00;"|Early stage||style="background:#f00;"|Early stage||style="background:#ff5;"|Further efforts needed||style="background:#ff5;"|Further efforts needed||style="background:#ff5;"|Further efforts needed||style="background:#7fff00;"|Advanced||style="background:#ff5;"|Further efforts needed||style="background:#7fff00;"|Advanced||style="background:#FFFFE0;"|Moderately advanced||style="background:#7fff00;"|Advanced||style="background:#32cd32;"|Well advanced||style="background:#32cd32;"|Well advanced||style="background:#32cd32;"|Well advanced||style="background:#32cd32;"|Well advanced||style="background:#32cd32;"|Well advanced||style="background:#32cd32;"|Well advanced||style="background:#32cd32;"|Well advanced||style="background:#32cd32;"|Well advanced||style="background:#32cd32;"|Well advanced
|
|-
| style="text-align:left;" | 27. Environment and Climate Change ||style="background:#f00;"|Early stage||style="background:#f00;"|Early stage||style="background:#ffa500;"|Considerable efforts needed||style="background:#ffa500;"|Considerable efforts needed||style="background:#ffa500;"|Considerable efforts needed||style="background:#ffa500;"|Considerable efforts needed||style="background:#f00;"|Early stage||style="background:#f00;"|Early stage||style="background:#f00;"|Early stage||style="background:#f00;"|Early stage||style="background:#FFFFE0;"|Moderately advanced||style="background:#FFD27F;"|Some level of preparation||style="background:#FFD27F;"|Some level of preparation||style="background:#FFD27F;"|Some level of preparation||style="background:#FFD27F;"|Some level of preparation||style="background:#FFD27F;"|Some level of preparation||style="background:#FFD27F;"|Some level of preparation||style="background:#FFD27F;"|Some level of preparation||style="background:#FFD27F;"|Some level of preparation
|
|-
|rowspan="5"| Cluster 5: Resources, Agriculture and Cohesion
| style="text-align:left;" | 11. Agriculture and Rural Development ||style="background:#ffa500;"|Considerable efforts needed||style="background:#f00;"|Early stage||style="background:#f00;"|Early stage||style="background:#f00;"|Early stage||style="background:#ffa500;"|Considerable efforts needed||style="background:#ff5;"|Further efforts needed||style="background:#ffa500;"|Considerable efforts needed||style="background:#ffa500;"|Considerable efforts needed||style="background:#FFFFE0;"|Moderately advanced||style="background:#f00;"|Early stage||style="background:#FFD27F;"|Some level of preparation||style="background:#FFD27F;"|Some level of preparation||style="background:#FFD27F;"|Some level of preparation||style="background:#FFD27F;"|Some level of preparation||style="background:#FFD27F;"|Some level of preparation||style="background:#FFD27F;"|Some level of preparation||style="background:#FFD27F;"|Some level of preparation||style="background:#FFD27F;"|Some level of preparation||style="background:#FFD27F;"|Some level of preparation
|
|-
| style="text-align:left;" | 12. Food Safety, Veterinary, and Phytosanitary Policy ||style="background:#ffa500;"|Considerable efforts needed||style="background:#ffa500;"|Considerable efforts needed||style="background:#ffa500;"|Considerable efforts needed||style="background:#ffa500;"|Considerable efforts needed||style="background:#f00;"|Early stage||style="background:#ff5;"|Further efforts needed||style="background:#ffa500;"|Considerable efforts needed||style="background:#f00;"|Early stage||style="background:#FFFFE0;"|Moderately advanced||style="background:#f00;"|Early stage||style="background:#FFD27F;"|Some level of preparation||style="background:#FFD27F;"|Some level of preparation||style="background:#FFD27F;"|Some level of preparation||style="background:#FFD27F;"|Some level of preparation||style="background:#FFD27F;"|Some level of preparation||style="background:#FFD27F;"|Some level of preparation||style="background:#FFD27F;"|Some level of preparation||style="background:#FFD27F;"|Some level of preparation||style="background:#FFD27F;"|Some level of preparation
|
|-
| style="text-align:left;" | 13. Fisheries ||style="background:#f00;"|Early stage||style="background:#f00;"|Early stage||style="background:#ffa500;"|Considerable efforts needed||style="background:#ffa500;"|Considerable efforts needed||style="background:#f00;"|Early stage||style="background:#ff5;"|Further efforts needed||style="background:#ffa500;"|Considerable efforts needed||style="background:#ffa500;"|Considerable efforts needed||style="background:#f00;"|Early stage||style="background:#f00;"|Early stage||style="background:#f00;"|Early stage||style="background:#f00;"|Early stage||style="background:#f00;"|Early stage||style="background:#f00;"|Early stage||style="background:#FFD27F;"|Some level of preparation||style="background:#FFD27F;"|Some level of preparation||style="background:#FFFFE0;"|Moderately advanced||style="background:#FFFFE0;"|Moderately advanced||style="background:#FFFFE0;"|Moderately advanced
|
|-
| style="text-align:left;" | 22. Regional Policy and Coordination of Structural Instruments ||style="background:#ffa500;"|Considerable efforts needed||style="background:#FFFFE0;"|Moderately advanced||style="background:#ffa500;"|Considerable efforts needed||style="background:#ffa500;"|Considerable efforts needed||style="background:#ff5;"|Further efforts needed||style="background:#ff5;"|Further efforts needed||style="background:#ff5;"|Further efforts needed||style="background:#ff5;"|Further efforts needed||style="background:#FFFFE0;"|Moderately advanced||style="background:#FFFFE0;"|Moderately advanced||style="background:#FFFFE0;"|Moderately advanced||style="background:#FFFFE0;"|Moderately advanced||style="background:#FFFFE0;"|Moderately advanced||style="background:#FFFFE0;"|Moderately advanced||style="background:#FFFFE0;"|Moderately advanced||style="background:#FFFFE0;"|Moderately advanced||style="background:#FFFFE0;"|Moderately advanced||style="background:#FFFFE0;"|Moderately advanced||style="background:#FFFFE0;"|Moderately advanced
|
|-
| style="text-align:left;" | 33. Financial and Budgetary Provisions ||style="background:#ff5;"|Further efforts needed||style="background:#ff5;"|Further efforts needed||style="background:#ff5;"|Further efforts needed||style="background:#f00;"|Early stage||style="background:#f00;"|Early stage||style="background:#f00;"|Early stage||style="background:#f00;"|Early stage||style="background:#f00;"|Early stage||style="background:#f00;"|Early stage||style="background:#f00;"|Early stage||style="background:#f00;"|Early stage||style="background:#FFD27F;"|Some level of preparation||style="background:#FFD27F;"|Some level of preparation||style="background:#FFD27F;"|Some level of preparation||style="background:#FFD27F;"|Some level of preparation||style="background:#FFD27F;"|Some level of preparation||style="background:#FFD27F;"|Some level of preparation||style="background:#FFD27F;"|Some level of preparation||style="background:#FFD27F;"|Some level of preparation
|
|-
|rowspan="2"| Cluster 6: External Relations
| style="text-align:left;" | 30. External Relations ||style="background:#ff5;"|Further efforts needed||style="background:#ff5;"|Further efforts needed||style="background:#ff5;"|Further efforts needed||style="background:#FFFFE0;"|Moderately advanced||style="background:#FFFFE0;"|Moderately advanced||style="background:#ff5;"|Further efforts needed||style="background:#FFFFE0;"|Moderately advanced||style="background:#cfc;"|Good level of preparation||style="background:#cfc;"|Good level of preparation||style="background:#7fff00;"|Advanced||style="background:#cfc;"|Good level of preparation||style="background:#cfc;"|Good level of preparation||style="background:#FFFFE0;"|Moderately advanced||style="background:#FFFFE0;"|Moderately advanced||style="background:#FFFFE0;"|Moderately advanced||style="background:#FFFFE0;"|Moderately advanced||style="background:#FFFFE0;"|Moderately advanced||style="background:#FFFFE0;"|Moderately advanced||style="background:#FFFFE0;"|Moderately advanced
|
|-
| style="text-align:left;" | 31. Foreign, Security, and Defence Policy ||style="background:#ff5;"|Further efforts needed||style="background:#ff5;"|Further efforts needed||style="background:#ff5;"|Further efforts needed||style="background:#ff5;"|Further efforts needed||style="background:#ff5;"|Further efforts needed||style="background:#ff5;"|Further efforts needed||style="background:#ff5;"|Further efforts needed||style="background:#FFFFE0;"|Moderately advanced||style="background:#FFFFE0;"|Moderately advanced||style="background:#FFFFE0;"|Moderately advanced||style="background:#FFFFE0;"|Moderately advanced||style="background:#FFFFE0;"|Moderately advanced||style="background:#FFFFE0;"|Moderately advanced||style="background:#FFFFE0;"|Moderately advanced||style="background:#FFD27F;"|Some level of preparation||style="background:#FFD27F;"|Some level of preparation||style="background:#FFD27F;"|Some level of preparation||style="background:#FFD27F;"|Some level of preparation||style="background:#FFD27F;"|Some level of preparation
|
|-
|rowspan="2"| Others
| style="text-align:left;" | 34. Institutions ||style="background:#ff5;"|Further efforts needed||style="background:#ff5;"|Further efforts needed||style="background:#ff5;"|Further efforts needed||style="background:#ff5;"|Further efforts needed||style="background:#ff5;"|Further efforts needed||style="background:#ff5;"|Further efforts needed||style="background:#ff5;"|Further efforts needed||style="background:#ff5;"|Further efforts needed||style="background:#ff5;"|Further efforts needed||style="background:#ff5;"|Further efforts needed||style="background:#ff5;"|Further efforts needed||style="background:#ff5;"|Further efforts needed||style="background:#ff5;"|Further efforts needed||style="background:#ff5;"|Further efforts needed||style="background:#ff5;"|Further efforts needed||style="background:#ff5;"|Further efforts needed||style="background:#ff5;"|Further efforts needed||style="background:#ff5;"|Further efforts needed||style="background:#ff5;"|Further efforts needed
|
|-
| style="text-align:left;" | 35. Other Issues ||style="background:#ff5;"|Further efforts needed||style="background:#ff5;"|Further efforts needed||style="background:#ff5;"|Further efforts needed||style="background:#ff5;"|Further efforts needed||style="background:#ff5;"|Further efforts needed||style="background:#ff5;"|Further efforts needed||style="background:#ff5;"|Further efforts needed||style="background:#ff5;"|Further efforts needed||style="background:#ff5;"|Further efforts needed||style="background:#ff5;"|Further efforts needed||style="background:#ff5;"|Further efforts needed||style="background:#ff5;"|Further efforts needed||style="background:#ff5;"|Further efforts needed||style="background:#ff5;"|Further efforts needed||style="background:#ff5;"|Further efforts needed||style="background:#ff5;"|Further efforts needed||style="background:#ff5;"|Further efforts needed||style="background:#ff5;"|Further efforts needed||style="background:#ff5;"|Further efforts needed
|
|-
| colspan=20|
{{legend-inline|#f3f|totally incompatible}}
{{legend-inline|#f00|early stage}}
{{legend-inline|#ffa500|considerable efforts needed}}
{{legend-inline|#FFD27F|some level of preparation}}
{{legend-inline|#ff5|further efforts needed}}
{{legend-inline|#FFFFE0|moderately advanced}}
{{legend-inline|#cfc|good level of preparation}}
{{legend-inline|#7fff00|advanced}}
{{legend-inline|#32cd32|well advanced}}

<br/>
† This chart does not indicate chapters which have been provisionally closed and/or chapters which have been frozen.

‡ After the [[2004 enlargement of the European Union]], four more chapters were added and/or restructured, bringing the total number of ''acquis communautaire'' chapters to 35.
|
|}

===Pre-accession support to Turkey===
{{main article|European Union–Turkey relations#EU pre-accession support to Turkey}}
The European Commission's long-term budget proposal for the 2021-2027 period released in May 2018 included pre-accession funding for a Western Balkan Strategy for further enlargement, but omitted Turkey.<ref name="cut" />

==Expected impact of joining==

===Effect upon the EU===
[[File:Global Map of Europe and Turkey.png|thumb|Global map of Europe (light green) and [[Turkey]] (dark green)]]

The problem of Turkey's membership of the EU is compounded by conflicting views as to what the EU should ultimately become.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cdu.de/en/doc/Friends_of_Europe_Turkey.pdf:|title=International|work=Christlich Demokratische Union Deutschlands|access-date=7 June 2015|archive-date=2 January 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210102215558/http://www.cdu.de/international|url-status=live}}</ref> This has played a significant role in the debate, due in part to the [[European debt crisis]] and the fact that as a result of this the [[eurozone]] and the EU overall is more federalised on both [[European Stability Mechanism|fiscal]], [[european Arrest Warrant|legal]] and political levels than it was at the time of Turkey's application or at the time that Turkey was accepted as a candidate.<ref>{{Cite news|date=26 May 2012|title=The choice|newspaper=The Economist|url=https://www.economist.com/leaders/2012/05/26/the-choice|access-date=1 March 2021|issn=0013-0613|archive-date=15 April 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210415060412/https://www.economist.com/leaders/2012/05/26/the-choice|url-status=live}}</ref> Generally those members of the EU who support a rights-based free trade bloc do not oppose Turkey as adamantly as those who support a broader political union. The latter, in particular, were concerned that unification would be frustrated and the [[European Federation|European project]] threatened by Turkey's inclusion.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.euobserver.com/political/29016:|title=Van Rompuy: 'Turkey will never be part of Europe'|date=18 November 2009|access-date=7 June 2015|archive-date=2 January 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210102231425/https://euobserver.com/political/29016|url-status=live}}</ref>

Proponents of Turkey's membership argue that Turkey's geographical location will contribute to peace. According to the Swedish foreign minister, [[Carl Bildt]], "the accession of Turkey would give the EU a decisive role for stability in the eastern part of the Mediterranean and the Black Sea, which is clearly in the strategic interest of Europe".<ref name="ihtbildt">{{cite news|last=Ekman|first=Ivar|title=Top Swedish official backs Turkey for EU|work=[[International Herald Tribune]]|date=11 December 2006|url=http://www.iht.com/articles/2006/12/11/news/sweden.php|access-date=3 July 2007|archive-date=27 January 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080127045850/http://www.iht.com/articles/2006/12/11/news/sweden.php|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Poland]] is a key supporter for Turkey's bid to join the EU,<ref>{{cite web|url= http://www.todayszaman.com/national_polish-president-very-optimistic-about-turkeys-eu-accession-bid_101061.html |title=Polish president 'very optimistic' about Turkey's EU accession bid |work=TodaysZaman |access-date=7 June 2015 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20150402100339/http://www.todayszaman.com/national_polish-president-very-optimistic-about-turkeys-eu-accession-bid_101061.html |archive-date=2 April 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.hurriyetdailynews.com/turkeys-eu-bid-hurt-by-turmoil---polish-president.aspx?pageID=438&n=turkeys-eu-bid-hurt-by-turmoil---polish-president-2008-04-11 |title= Economy – Turkey's EU bid hurt by turmoil – Polish president |access-date= 7 June 2015 |archive-date= 8 November 2016 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20161108061143/http://www.hurriyetdailynews.com/turkeys-eu-bid-hurt-by-turmoil---polish-president.aspx?pageID=438&n=turkeys-eu-bid-hurt-by-turmoil---polish-president-2008-04-11 |url-status= live }}</ref> while the United Kingdom has expressed support previously, but not since [[Brexit|leaving the EU]].<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2016/09/27/boris-johnson-says-britain-will-now-help-turkey-join-eu-despite/|title=Boris Johnson says Britain will now help Turkey join EU despite using prospect to help win referendum|first=Steven|last=Swinford|newspaper=The Telegraph|date=27 September 2016|via=www.telegraph.co.uk|access-date=2 April 2018|archive-date=24 December 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201224115410/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2016/09/27/boris-johnson-says-britain-will-now-help-turkey-join-eu-despite/|url-status=live}}</ref>

Upon joining the EU, Turkey's 83 million inhabitants would bestow the largest number of [[Member of the European Parliament|MEPs]] in the [[European Parliament]].<ref name="economist2"/> Turkey now has a [[List of countries and dependencies by population|larger population]] than Germany. However, a single country can only hold a maximum of 96 seats in the European Parliament.

[[File:Nabucco Gas Pipeline-en.svg|thumb|The [[Nabucco pipeline|Nabucco]], [[Trans-Anatolian gas pipeline|TANAP]], [[Trans Adriatic Pipeline|TAP]] and [[Interconnector Turkey–Greece–Italy pipeline|ITGI]] [[Pipeline transport#For oil or natural gas|pipelines]] will deliver natural gas from the [[Caspian Sea]] basin to the EU member states.]]

Turkey's membership would also affect future enlargement plans, especially the number of nations seeking EU membership,<ref name="economist2"/> grounds on which [[Valéry Giscard d'Estaing]] has opposed Turkey's admission. Giscard has suggested that it would lead to demands for accession by [[Morocco]]. [[Morocco and the European Union|Morocco's application]] is already rejected for "not being a European country"; Turkey, unlike Morocco, has 3% of its [[Eastern Thrace|territory in Europe]]. The vast majority of its population lives in the Asian side of the country. On the other hand, the country's largest city, [[Istanbul]], lies mostly in Europe. On the other hand, [[Cyprus]], which is geographically located in Asia, joined the European Union in 2004. French President [[Nicolas Sarkozy]] stated in January 2007 that "enlarging Europe with no limit risks destroying European political union, and that I do not accept ... I want to say that Europe must give itself borders, that not all countries have a vocation to become members of Europe, beginning with Turkey which has no place inside the European Union."<ref name="sarkozyquote">{{cite web|url= http://www.turkishpress.com/news.asp?id=159133 |title=Turkey has no place in EU: Sarkozy|access-date=13 April 2007|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20070706021958/http://www.turkishpress.com/news.asp?id=159133 |archive-date=6 July 2007}}</ref>

EU member states must unanimously agree on Turkey's membership for the Turkish accession to be successful. A number of nations may oppose it; notably [[Austria]];{{citation needed|date=December 2017}} Germany (former chancellor [[Angela Merkel]] has long rejected Turkey's accession bid, and has proposed a "[[privileged partnership]]" instead);<ref>{{cite web|url=http://english.pravda.ru/news/world/29-03-2010/112764-merkel-0/|title=Germany's Merkel Opposed to Turkey's Full EU Membership|work=English pravda.ru|date=29 March 2010|access-date=7 June 2015|archive-date=29 November 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141129034232/http://english.pravda.ru/news/world/29-03-2010/112764-merkel-0/|url-status=live}}</ref> and France (where some{{who|date=December 2017}} are anxious at the prospect of a new wave of Muslim immigrants, given the country's already large Muslim community).<ref>Islam is the religion of 5% to 10% of French citizens. {{cite news |first=Molly |last=Moore |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2008/04/28/AR2008042802560.html |title=In France, Prisons Filled With Muslims |newspaper=The Washington Post |date=29 April 2008 |access-date=23 November 2021 |archive-date=16 October 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111016100458/http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2008/04/28/AR2008042802560.html |url-status=live }}</ref>

Negotiations to remove the French constitutional requirement for a compulsory referendum on all EU accessions after Croatia resulted in a new proposal to require a compulsory referendum on the accession of any country with a population of more than 5% of the EU's total population; this clause would mainly apply to [[Turkey]] and [[Ukraine]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.euractiv.com/en/enlargement/french-parliament-strikes-blow-turkish-eu-bid/article-172867|title=French Parliament strikes blow to Turkish EU bid|work=EurActiv – EU News & policy debates, across languages|access-date=7 June 2015|archive-date=6 September 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170906034942/http://www.euractiv.com/en/enlargement/french-parliament-strikes-blow-turkish-eu-bid/article-172867}}</ref>

The current situation according to the French constitution is as follows: if {{frac|3|5}} of the delegates (from the Senate and the Parliament) agree to the accession of Turkey, there will be no referendum.

===Benefits to Turkey===
Upon accession to the EU, Turkey expects to receive economic development aid.<ref name="50years-intereconomics">{{cite web |title=Turkey and the EU: Issues and Challenges |url=https://50years.intereconomics.eu/turkey-and-the-eu-issues-and-challenges.html |website=50years.intereconomics.eu |access-date=29 November 2019 |date=2004 |archive-date=2 January 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210102213953/https://50years.intereconomics.eu/turkey-and-the-eu-issues-and-challenges.html |url-status=live }}</ref> There is also an expectation that there will be an increase in European foreign investment in the Turkish economy, further driving economic growth.<ref name="50years-intereconomics"/> During potential economic crisis events, Turkey could benefit from EU assistance.<ref>{{cite web |last=Flam |first=Harry |title=Turkey and the EU: Politics and Economics of Accession. Seminar Paper 718 |url=https://www.ifo.de/DocDL/cesifo_wp893.pdf |publisher=Institute for International Economic Studies, Stockholm University |date=March 2003 |access-date=29 November 2019 |archive-date=2 January 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210102220019/https://www.ifo.de/DocDL/cesifo_wp893.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref>

Free movement of people across the EU will give many Turkish people the opportunity to migrate to other parts of Europe in search of work, or a higher standard of living. The option of migration out of Turkey will inevitably ease tensions in the east of the country, as the prospect of a better standard of living will tend to cool separatist tendencies.{{Which|date=January 2022}} However, there have been problems concerning irregular transit migration through Turkey to the EU.<ref>{{cite report |last=İçduygu |first=Ahmet |title=The Irregular Migration Corridor between the EU and Turkey: Is it Possible to Block it with a Readmission Agreement? |publisher=European University Institute |date=2011 |hdl=1814/17844 |hdl-access=free}}</ref>

Some secularists in Turkey envisage that the accession of Turkey will contribute to the spread of secular western values in Turkey. Conversely, some non-secularists in Turkey envisage that accession will contribute to the further growth and acceptance of Islam in Europe.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Yukleyen |first=Ahmet |title=Compatibility of "Islam" and "Europe": Turkey's EU Accession |journal=Insight Turkey |volume=11 |issue=1 |date=2009}}</ref> The EU accession bid has stimulated Turkey's political and legal reforms and intensified the democratisation process.<ref>{{cite book |last=Arin |first=Kubilay Yado |title=The AKP's foreign policy: Turkey's reorientation from the West to the East |date=2013 |publisher=Wissenschaftlicher Verlag |location=Berlin |isbn=978-3-86573-719-9 |pages=57–84}}</ref>

Given Turkey's large and growing population, Turkey will have a correspondingly large representation in the European Parliament (2nd and equal with Germany, with 96 seats in EU parliament). This will give Turkey a strong direct influence over EU policies.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Bahhouth |first1=Victor |last2=Ziemnowicz |first2=Christopher |title=Meeting the Global Challenges of Doing Business in the Five Candidate Countries on the Road to Join the European Union |journal=Journal of the Knowledge Economy |date=March 2018 |volume=10 |issue=3 |pages=1297–1318 |doi=10.1007/s13132-018-0531-3 |s2cid=158074120 |quote=It would potentially shift the balance of power within the EU having the largest influence after Germany.}}</ref>

==Turkish membership issues==

===Economy===
{{Main|Economy of Turkey}}
{{See also|European Union–Turkey Customs Union}}

[[File:Modern Istanbul skyline.jpg|thumb|300px|A view of [[Dolmabahçe Palace]] and the skyline of [[Levent]] business district from the [[Bosphorus]] [[strait]] in [[Istanbul]], the largest city and economic capital of Turkey, and the former capital of the [[Roman Empire|Roman]] (330–395), [[Byzantine Empire|Byzantine]] (395–1204 and 1261–1453), [[Latin Empire|Latin]] (1204–1261) and [[Ottoman Empire|Ottoman]] (1453–1922) Empires.]]

Turkey has the world's [[List of countries by GDP (PPP)|11th largest GDP-PPP]]<ref name="IMF-WEO">{{cite web|url=https://www.imf.org/en/Publications/WEO/weo-database/2021/April/weo-report?c=186,&s=NGDPD,PPPGDP,NGDPDPC,PPPPC,&sy=2010&ey=2021&ssm=0&scsm=1&scc=0&ssd=1&ssc=0&sic=0&sort=country&ds=.&br=1|title=Report for Selected Countries and Subjects|publisher=IMF World Economic Outlook Database, April 2021|access-date=11 April 2021|archive-date=11 April 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210411104315/https://www.imf.org/en/Publications/WEO/weo-database/2021/April/weo-report?c=186,&s=NGDPD,PPPGDP,NGDPDPC,PPPPC,&sy=2010&ey=2021&ssm=0&scsm=1&scc=0&ssd=1&ssc=0&sic=0&sort=country&ds=.&br=1|url-status=live}}</ref> and [[List of countries by GDP (nominal)|17th largest Nominal GDP]].<ref name="IMF-WEO"/> The country is a founding member of the [[OECD]] and the [[G-20 major economies]].

{{Multiple image
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Turkey has taken advantage of a [[European Union–Turkey Customs Union|customs union with the European Union]], signed in 1995, to increase its industrial production destined for exports, while at the same time benefiting from EU-origin foreign investment into the country.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www-wds.worldbank.org/external/default/WDSContentServer/WDSP/IB/2006/05/03/000016406_20060503112446/Rendered/PDF/wps3908.pdf |title=Turkey's evolving trade integration into Pan-European markets |last1=Kaminski |first1=Bartolomiej |last2=Ng |first2=Francis |publisher=World Bank |access-date=27 December 2006 |date=1 May 2006 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20070614030216/http://www-wds.worldbank.org/external/default/WDSContentServer/WDSP/IB/2006/05/03/000016406_20060503112446/Rendered/PDF/wps3908.pdf |archive-date=14 June 2007 }}</ref> In 2008, Turkey's exports reached US$141.8&nbsp;billion<ref name=CIAFactbook>{{cite web|url= https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/turkey/|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20210110073821/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/turkey|archive-date= 10 January 2021|title=The World Factbook|access-date=7 June 2015}}</ref> (main export partners: Germany 11.2%, UK 8%, Italy 6.95%, France 5.6%, Spain 4.3%, US 3.88%; total EU exports 56.5%.) However, larger imports amounting to about US$204.8 billion<ref name=CIAFactbook/> threaten the balance of trade (main import partners: Russia 13.8%, Germany 10.3%, China 7.8%, Italy 6%, USA 4.8%, France 4.6%, Iran 3.9%, UK 3.2%; total EU imports 40.4%; total Asia imports 27%).<ref>{{cite web|url= http://www.gumrukler.gov.tr/ww3/?cid=400000|title=2006–2007 Seçilmiş Ülkeler İstatistikleri|publisher=Gümrükler Genel Müdürlüğü|access-date=12 March 2008|language=tr|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20080208212356/http://www.gumrukler.gov.tr/ww3/?cid=400000|archive-date=8 February 2008}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://english.peopledaily.com.cn/90001/90778/90858/90863/6331298.html|title=Turkey puts 2008 export target at 125 bln dollars|work=Xinhua|publisher=People's Daily Online|access-date=2 January 2008|date=2 January 2008|archive-date=8 October 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121008115126/http://english.peopledaily.com.cn/90001/90778/90858/90863/6331298.html|url-status=live}}</ref>

The opening of talks regarding the Economic and Monetary Policy [[acquis]] chapter of Turkey's accession bid was expected to begin in June 2007, but were stalled by France.<ref name="bbcturkeyunhappy">{{cite news|title=Turkey unhappy at EU talks delay|work=[[BBC News]]|date=26 June 2007|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/6241176.stm|access-date=3 July 2007| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20070716215215/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/6241176.stm| archive-date= 16 July 2007 | url-status= live}}</ref> [[Turkey]] became the European Union's fifth-largest trade partner in 2015 according to data released by [[Eurostat]].<ref>{{cite web|title = Turkey becomes EU's fifth-largest trade partner|url = http://www.worldbulletin.net/todays-news/169583/turkey-becomes-eus-fifth-largest-trade-partner|website = World Bulletin|access-date = 19 February 2016|archive-date = 22 August 2016|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160822130649/http://www.worldbulletin.net/todays-news/169583/turkey-becomes-eus-fifth-largest-trade-partner|url-status = usurped}}</ref>

Turkey is set to receive EUR 9.2bn from the [[Instrument for Pre-Accession Assistance]], a funding mechanism for EU candidate countries.

===Population===
{{Further|Demographics of Turkey}}
[[File:Istiklal busy afternoon.JPG|thumb|[[İstiklal Avenue]] in [[Istanbul]]'s cosmopolitan [[Beyoğlu]] district is visited by an average of 3 million people on weekend days.]]

{{As of|2005}}, the population of Turkey stood at 71.5&nbsp;million with a yearly growth rate of 1.5%.<ref name="WorldBank_Turkey_glance">{{cite web|publisher=World Bank |url= http://devdata.worldbank.org/AAG/tur_aag.pdf |title=Turkey at a glance |access-date=10 December 2006 |date=13 August 2006 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061210205513/http://devdata.worldbank.org/AAG/tur_aag.pdf |archive-date=10 December 2006 }}</ref><ref name="WorldBank_TRStat">{{cite web|url= http://go.worldbank.org/KMLVYJ93M0|archive-url = http://webarchive.loc.gov/all/20151105051121/http://go.worldbank.org/KMLVYJ93M0 |archive-date=5 November 2015 |title=Data and Statistics for Turkey|publisher=World Bank |access-date=10 December 2006 |year=2005}}</ref> The Turkish population is relatively young, with 25.5% falling within the 0–15 age bracket.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.intute.ac.uk/sciences/worldguide/html/1046_people.html|title=Turkey – Population and Demographics|publisher=Intute|access-date=10 December 2006|date=July 2006|archive-date=21 March 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090321065038/http://www.intute.ac.uk/sciences/worldguide/html/1046_people.html|url-status=live}}</ref> As of February 2023, the population of Turkey is approximately 87 million people.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Turkey Population (2023) - Worldometer |url=https://www.worldometers.info/world-population/turkey-population/#:~:text=Population%20of%20Turkey%20(2020%20and%20historical)%20%20,%20%2030.2%20%2014%20more%20rows |access-date=2023-02-07 |website=www.worldometers.info |language=en |archive-date=24 March 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190324023917/http://www.worldometers.info/world-population/turkey-population/#:~:text=Population%20of%20Turkey%20(2020%20and%20historical)%20%20,%20%2030.2%20%2014%20more%20rows |url-status=live }}</ref>

Turkey's large population could alter the balance of power in the representative European institutions. Upon joining the EU, Turkey would be allocated the largest number of [[Member of the European Parliament|MEP]]s in the [[European Parliament]]. This is because the European Parliament distributes seats to member states according to their population.<ref>{{cite journal |title=Global Observer |journal=Beijing Review |date=2003 |page=15 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zvUMAQAAMAAJ&q=Turkey,+if+admitted,+will+have+the+most+seats,+with+which+it+will+probably+influence+the+EU |access-date=28 March 2021 |archive-date=22 January 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230122184646/https://www.google.com/books/edition/Beijing_Review/zvUMAQAAMAAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&bsq=Turkey,+if+admitted,+will+have+the+most+seats,+with+which+it+will+probably+influence+the+EU&dq=Turkey,+if+admitted,+will+have+the+most+seats,+with+which+it+will+probably+influence+the+EU&printsec=frontcover |url-status=live }}</ref> Therefore, if Turkey is admitted, it could influence the EU legislation and administration in line with its own policies.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Steiner |first1=Jürg |last2=Crepaz |first2=Markus M. L. |title=European Democracies |date=2007 |publisher=Pearson Longman |isbn=978-0-321-07773-8 |page=282 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mtFtFP1LgZsC&q=Turkey+will+have+at+least+the+same+influence+if+not+more+than+London,+Berlin,+or+Paris |access-date=28 March 2021 |archive-date=22 January 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230122184647/https://www.google.com/books/edition/European_Democracies/mtFtFP1LgZsC?hl=en&gbpv=1&bsq=Turkey+will+have+at+least+the+same+influence+if+not+more+than+London,+Berlin,+or+Paris&dq=Turkey+will+have+at+least+the+same+influence+if+not+more+than+London,+Berlin,+or+Paris&printsec=frontcover |url-status=live }}</ref>

If Turkey were to join the European Union, [[Istanbul]] would become the most populous [[metropolis]] in the EU (as of 2004).<ref>{{cite web |title=Eurostat Regional Yearbook – Focus on European cities |url=https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/documents/3217494/5784093/KS-HA-13-001-12-EN.PDF.pdf/89d2a7bb-0860-46cc-a494-cd5eeadbafc8?t=1414777594000 |publisher=European Commission |quote=The largest Turkish city, İstanbul, had 9.9 million inhabitants, larger than any city within the EU |page=200 |date=2013 |access-date=28 March 2021 |archive-date=15 April 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210415074428/https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/documents/3217494/5784093/KS-HA-13-001-12-EN.PDF.pdf/89d2a7bb-0860-46cc-a494-cd5eeadbafc8?t=1414777594000 |url-status=live }}</ref>

===Foreign relations with EU member states===
{{Main|Foreign relations of Turkey}}
{|
|-
| valign=top |
* {{flagicon|Austria}} [[Austria–Turkey relations|Austria]]
* {{flagicon|Belgium}} [[Belgium–Turkey relations|Belgium]]
* {{flagicon|Bulgaria}} [[Bulgaria–Turkey relations|Bulgaria]]
* {{flagicon|Croatia}} [[Croatia–Turkey relations|Croatia]]
* {{flagicon|Czech Republic}} [[Czech Republic–Turkey relations|Czech Republic]]
* {{flagicon|Denmark}} [[Denmark–Turkey relations|Denmark]]
| valign=top |
* {{flagicon|Estonia}} [[Estonia–Turkey relations|Estonia]]
* {{flagicon|Finland}} [[Finland–Turkey relations|Finland]]
* {{flagicon|France}} [[France–Turkey relations|France]]
* {{flagicon|Germany}} [[Germany–Turkey relations|Germany]]
* {{flagicon|Greece}} [[Greece–Turkey relations|Greece]]
* {{flagicon|Hungary}} [[Hungary–Turkey relations|Hungary]]
* {{flagicon|Ireland}} [[Ireland–Turkey relations|Ireland]]
| valign=top |
* {{flagicon|Italy}} [[Italy–Turkey relations|Italy]]
* {{flagicon|Latvia}} [[Latvia–Turkey relations|Latvia]]
* {{flagicon|Lithuania}} [[Lithuania–Turkey relations|Lithuania]]
* {{flagicon|Luxembourg}} [[Luxembourg–Turkey relations|Luxembourg]]
* {{flagicon|Malta}} [[Malta-Turkey relations|Malta]]
* {{flagicon|Netherlands}} [[Netherlands–Turkey relations|Netherlands]]
* {{flagicon|Poland}} [[Poland–Turkey relations|Poland]]
| valign=top |
* {{flagicon|Portugal}} [[Portugal–Turkey relations|Portugal]]
* {{flagicon|Romania}} [[Romania–Turkey relations|Romania]]
* {{flagicon|Slovakia}} [[Slovakia–Turkey relations|Slovakia]]
* {{flagicon|Slovenia}} [[Slovenia–Turkey relations|Slovenia]]
* {{flagicon|Spain}} [[Spain–Turkey relations|Spain]]
* {{flagicon|Sweden}} [[Sweden–Turkey relations|Sweden]]
|} 
Turkey has no diplomatic relations with {{flagicon|Cyprus}} [[Cyprus]] as Turkey does not recognize the government of the Republic of Cyprus.
====Cyprus====
{{further|Cyprus problem}}

[[Cyprus]] was divided when, on 20 July 1974, Turkey invaded and [[Turkish invasion of Cyprus|occupied a third of the island]] in response to an [[1974 Cypriot coup d'état|Athens-engineered coup]] aimed at [[Enosis|annexing Cyprus to Greece]].<ref>{{cite book|last=Cook |first=Chris |author2= Diccon Bewes |title=What Happened Where: A Guide to Places and Events in Twentieth-century History |publisher=Routledge |year=1997 |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=FuGrcgcOiXoC |isbn=1-85728-533-6|page=65 }}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last=Mallinson |first=William |title=Cyprus: A Modern History |publisher=I. B. Tauris |date=30 June 2005 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HEjkuhF2GsMC&pg=PA80 |isbn=978-1-85043-580-8 |page=80 |access-date=12 December 2015 |archive-date=22 January 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230122184638/https://books.google.com/books?id=HEjkuhF2GsMC&pg=PA80 |url-status=live }}</ref> Since then, Turkey has refused to acknowledge the [[Republic of Cyprus]] (an EU member since [[2004 enlargement of the European Union|2004]]) as the sole authority on the island, and recognizes the self-declared [[Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus]] since its establishment in 1983. The Turkish invasion in 1974 and the resulting movement of [[Cypriot refugees|refugees]] along both sides of the [[Green Line (Cyprus)|Green Line]], and the establishment of the self-declared [[Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus]] in 1983, form the core issues which surround the ongoing [[Cyprus dispute]].

Turkey and the [[Turkish Cypriots]] backed the 2004 [[Annan Plan for Cyprus]] aimed at the reunification of the island, but the plan was subsequently rejected by Greek Cypriots on the grounds that it did not meet their needs. According to Greek Cypriots, the latest proposal included maintained residence rights for the many Anatolian Turks who moved to Cyprus after the invasion (and their descendants who were born on the island after 1974), while the Greek Cypriots who lost their property after the Turkish invasion would be granted only a restricted right of return to the north following the island's proposed reunification.{{Citation needed|date=August 2008}} Although the outcome received much criticism in the EU as well, the Republic of Cyprus was admitted into the EU a week after the referendum.

[[File:NCyprus districts named.png|thumb|The self-declared [[Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus]] has been recognised only by Turkey since its establishment in 1983. In 2004, the [[Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe]] (PACE) gave observer status (without voting rights) to the representatives of the Turkish Cypriot community.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://assembly.coe.int/Main.asp?link=/Documents/AdoptedText/ta04/ERES1376.htm |title=Council of Europe Parliamentary Assembly |publisher=Assembly.coe.int |access-date=14 February 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140307155611/http://assembly.coe.int/Main.asp?link=%2FDocuments%2FAdoptedText%2Fta04%2FERES1376.htm |archive-date=7 March 2014 }}</ref>]]

The Turkish government has refused to officially recognise the Republic of Cyprus until the removal of the political and economic blockade on the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus.{{Citation needed|date=December 2009}} Turkey's non-recognition of the Republic of Cyprus has led to complications within the [[European Union Customs Union|Customs Union]]. Under the customs agreements which Turkey had already signed as a precondition to start EU membership negotiations in 2005, it is obliged to open its ports to Cypriot planes and vessels, but Turkey has not complied so far;<ref name="tw"/> refusing to do so until the EU eases the international isolation of Northern Cyprus.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/europe/cyprus/7992966/Greece-calls-on-Turkey-to-pull-out-of-Cyprus.html |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220112/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/europe/cyprus/7992966/Greece-calls-on-Turkey-to-pull-out-of-Cyprus.html |archive-date=12 January 2022 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live|title=Greece calls on Turkey to pull out of Cyprus|publisher=Daily Telegraph|date=9 September 2010|location=London}}{{cbignore}}</ref> In February 2013, Turkish EU Minister Egemen Bağış told the [[Republic of Cyprus]], "if you truly want salvation, truly want peace, then remove your blockade of [[Ercan Airport]] to EU member countries and Turkey will open its ports to you."<ref>{{cite web|url= http://www.abhaber.com/haberler/haber/haberler/bagistan-rum-yonetimine-ercana-karsilik-limanlarimiz--048265|title=ABHaber<!-- Bot generated title -->|access-date=5 September 2017|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20130416024743/http://www.abhaber.com/haberler/haber/haberler/bagistan-rum-yonetimine-ercana-karsilik-limanlarimiz--048265 |archive-date=16 April 2013}}</ref>

Turkey's refusal to implement a trade pact between Turkey and the EU that requires the Turkish government to allow Greek Cypriot vessels to use its air and seaports has prompted the EU to freeze eight chapters in Turkey's accession talks.<ref name="tw"/>

In November 2009, Turkish Deputy Prime Minister [[Cemil Çiçek]] declared that, should Turkey be forced to choose between supporting either EU membership or Turkish Cypriots, "[then] Turkey's choice will forever be to stand next to the Turkish Cypriots. Everybody should understand this."<ref name="tw">{{cite web | access-date=9 December 2009 | archive-date=21 November 2009 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091121141905/http://www.turkishweekly.net/news/92895/-39-turkish-cypriots-are-more-important-than-the-eu-39-.html | url=http://www.turkishweekly.net/news/92895/-39-turkish-cypriots-are-more-important-than-the-eu-39-.html | title=Turkish Cypriots are More Important Than the EU }}</ref>

====Greece====
{{further|Greece–Turkey relations}}
The issue of Turkish membership has been contentious in Greece. An opinion poll from 2005 suggested that only 25% of [[Greeks]] believe Turkey has a place in the European Union.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/4298408.stm|title=BBC NEWS – Europe – Analysis: EU views on Turkish bid|date=30 September 2005|access-date=7 June 2015|archive-date=5 June 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200605165128/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/4298408.stm|url-status=live}}</ref> The former Greek Prime Minister [[Kostas Karamanlis]] stated that Turkish membership of the EU could only be predicated upon, "full compliance, full accession" in December 2006.<ref name="karamanlis">{{cite news|first=A.|last=Panagopoulis|title=Karamanlis Hails EU's 'Historic' Decision to Admit Bulgaria, Romania|work=Greek News|date=18 December 2006|url=http://www.greeknewsonline.com/modules.php?name=News&file=article&sid=5974&mode=thread&order=0&thold=0|access-date=13 April 2007|archive-date=20 February 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090220074946/http://greeknewsonline.com/modules.php?name=News|url-status=live}}</ref> In 2005 the European Commission referred to relations between Turkey and Greece as "continuing to develop positively"<ref name="ec2005progressreport">{{cite press release|title=Turkey – 2005 Progress Report|publisher=[[European Commission]]|date=11 August 2005|url= http://ec.europa.eu/enlargement/archives/pdf/key_documents/2005/package/sec_1426_final_progress_report_tr_en.pdf|access-date=6 July 2007| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20070630225819/http://ec.europa.eu/enlargement/archives/pdf/key_documents/2005/package/sec_1426_final_progress_report_tr_en.pdf| archive-date= 30 June 2007 |url-status=live}}</ref> while also citing a key barrier to progress being Turkey's ongoing claim of ''[[casus belli]]'' over a dispute about territorial waters boundaries.<ref name="ec2005progressreport"/>
In September 2017, Greek Prime Minister, [[Alexis Tsipras]], mentioned that halting accession talks with Turkey would be a strategic mistake by the [[European Union]], amid a war of words raging between Germany and Turkey.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.hurriyetdailynews.com/greece-warns-ending-eu-talks-with-turkey-a-mistake--117812|title=Greece warns ending EU talks with Turkey a mistake – World News|website=Hürriyet Daily News|access-date=5 December 2019|archive-date=12 November 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201112042832/http://www.hurriyetdailynews.com/greece-warns-ending-eu-talks-with-turkey-a-mistake--117812|url-status=live}}</ref> Also, former Greek Prime Minister, [[George Papandreou]], has urged European Union leaders to keep the doors open to Turkey and to continue dialogue with the Turkish government, in an apparent reference to the former German Chancellor Angela Merkel's calls for the suspension of accession talks with Turkey.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.hurriyetdailynews.com/former-greek-pm-urges-eu-to-keep-doors-open-to-turkey-118059|title=Former Greek PM urges EU to keep doors open to Turkey – Turkey News|website=Hürriyet Daily News|access-date=5 December 2019|archive-date=5 December 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191205230711/http://www.hurriyetdailynews.com/former-greek-pm-urges-eu-to-keep-doors-open-to-turkey-118059|url-status=live}}</ref>

===Religion===
{{Further|Religion in Turkey|Secularism in Turkey}}

[[File:Aya_Sophia_(7144824757).jpg|thumb|Originally a church, later a mosque, the 6th century [[Hagia Sophia]] (532–537) in [[Constantinople]] ([[Istanbul]]) built by the [[Byzantine Empire|Byzantine]] emperor [[Justinian I|Justinian the Great]] was the largest cathedral ever constructed in the world for nearly a millennium, until the completion of the [[Seville Cathedral]] (1507) in Spain.]]

Turkey has a [[secularism|secular]] constitution, civil and judicial system with no official religion, although the country's most prominent imam (currently [[Ali Erbaş]]) is a civil servant and head of the [[Directorate of Religious Affairs|Religious Affairs Directorate]], or ''Diyanet''.<ref>{{cite news|url= http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/3225651.stm |access-date=26 August 2008 |title=Headscarf row goes to Turkey's roots |work=BBC News |date=29 October 2003 |first=Pam |last=O'Toole |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20080828045046/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/3225651.stm |archive-date= 28 August 2008 |url-status= live}}</ref> 82% of the Turkish population is [[Muslim]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://2009-2017.state.gov/r/pa/ei/bgn/3432.htm|title=Turkey|work=U.S. Department of State|access-date=7 June 2015|archive-date=29 November 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201129164010/https://2009-2017.state.gov/r/pa/ei/bgn/3432.htm|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://2009-2017.state.gov/j/drl/rls/irf/2006/71413.htm |publisher=Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights, and Labor. U.S. State Dept. |title=Turkey |date=15 September 2006 |work=International Religious Freedom Report |access-date=18 May 2013 |archive-date=20 October 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201020073819/https://2009-2017.state.gov/j/drl/rls/irf/2006/71413.htm |url-status=live }}</ref> of whom over 70% belong to the [[Sunni Islam|Sunni]] branch of Islam. A minority is affiliated with [[syncretic]] [[Alevi]] branch.<ref>{{cite book |title=The Alevis in Turkey: The Emergence of a Secular Islamic Tradition |first=David |last=Shankland |publisher=Routledge (UK) |year=2003 |isbn=0-7007-1606-8 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=lFFRzTqLp6AC&q=Religion+in+Turkey&pg=PP1 |access-date=6 October 2020 |archive-date=22 January 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230122184638/https://books.google.com/books?id=lFFRzTqLp6AC&q=Religion+in+Turkey&pg=PP1 |url-status=live }}{{Page needed|date=September 2010}}</ref> A separate study published in 2019 found 89.5% of Turks identify as Muslim.<ref>{{Cite web |last=ÖZKÖK |first=Ertuğrul |date=2019-05-21 |title=Türkiye artık yüzde 99'u müslüman olan ülke değil |url=https://www.hurriyet.com.tr/yazarlar/ertugrul-ozkok/turkiye-artik-yuzde-99u-musluman-olan-ulke-degil-41220410 |access-date=2024-10-06 |website=www.hurriyet.com.tr |language=tr}}</ref> Turkey would be the first and only Muslim-majority country to join or belong to the European Union. Current EU states typically contain large Muslim minorities. By contrast, Christians are believed to compose only 0.2% of Turkey's population.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://europa.eu/legislation_summaries/enlargement/western_balkans/el0003_en.htm|access-date=31 October 2011|title=Kosovo – Towards European integration|date=6 October 2011|archive-date=2 April 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402185407/http://europa.eu/legislation_summaries/enlargement/western_balkans/el0003_en.htm|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url= http://ec.europa.eu/public_opinion/archives/ebs/ebs_225_report_en.pdf |title=Social values, Science and Technology |date=June 2005 |access-date=19 December 2006 |publisher=Eurobarometer |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20070114084147/http://ec.europa.eu/public_opinion/archives/ebs/ebs_225_report_en.pdf |archive-date=14 January 2007 }}</ref>

Official population census polls in Turkey do not include information regarding a person's religious belief or ethnic background due to the regulations set by the Turkish constitution, which defines all citizens of the Republic of Turkey as Turkish in terms of nationality, regardless of faith or race.<ref>{{cite news |url= http://www.radikal.com.tr/haber.php?haberno=166463 |access-date=26 August 2008 |title=Alevilik İslamiyet'in içinde değil |work=Radikal |date=10 October 2005 |first=Nese |last=Ouzel |language=tr |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20150628201405/http://www.radikal.com.tr/haber.php?haberno=166463 |archive-date=28 June 2015}}</ref>

There is a tradition of [[secularism in Turkey]]. The state has no official religion nor promotes any, and actively monitors {{Clarify span|the area between the religions|date=February 2021}}.<ref name="TR_Secularism">{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/3225651.stm |title=Headscarf row goes to Turkey's roots|work=BBC News |access-date=13 December 2006|date=29 October 2003| first=Pam | last=O'Toole| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20061118103758/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/3225651.stm| archive-date= 18 November 2006 | url-status= live}}</ref> The constitution recognises the [[freedom of religion]] for individuals, whereas religious communities are placed under the protection of the state; but the constitution explicitly states that they cannot become involved in the political process (by forming a religious party, for instance) or establish faith-based schools. No party can claim that it represents a form of religious belief; nevertheless, religious sensibilities are generally represented through conservative parties.<ref name="TR_Secularism" /> Turkey used to prohibit by law the wearing of [[Hijab|religious headcover]] and theo-political symbolic garments for both sexes in government buildings, schools, and universities;<ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/5414098.stm|title=The Islamic veil across Europe|work=[[BBC News]]|access-date=13 December 2006|date=17 November 2006|archive-date=22 February 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110222160835/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/5414098.stm|url-status=live}}</ref> the law was upheld by the Grand Chamber of the [[European Court of Human Rights]] as legitimate in the ''[[Leyla Şahin v. Turkey]]'' case on 10 November 2005.<ref>{{cite press release|url= http://www.echr.coe.int/Eng/Press/2005/Nov/GrandChamberJudgmentLeylaSahinvTurkey101105.htm |title=Leyla Şahin v. Turkey |author=Registrar |publisher=European Court of Human Rights |access-date=28 February 2008 |date=10 November 2005 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20080804023338/http://www.echr.coe.int/Eng/Press/2005/Nov/GrandChamberJudgmentLeylaSahinvTurkey101105.htm |archive-date=4 August 2008 }}</ref> However, in 2010, the prohibition of wearing headscarves in universities was lifted.

Cultural differences between Muslim-majority Turkey and predominantly Christian Europe play an important part in the entire debate on Turkish accession to the [[European Union]].

===Armenian genocide recognition===
{{main|Armenian genocide recognition#Turkey}}

In 2004, the French Foreign Minister [[Michel Barnier]] stated that Turkey must recognise the systematic massacres of Armenians in 1915 as a [[Armenian genocide|genocide]].<ref>{{cite news|title=Turkey 'must admit Armenia dead'|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/4092933.stm|access-date=26 March 2013 |newspaper=British Broadcasting Network (BBC) |date=13 December 2004|archive-date=17 October 2020|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20201017221334/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/4092933.stm}}</ref> However, he insisted that although France did not set a precondition for European Union entry regarding the matter, he stated that France would raise the issue during negotiations. The President of the European Parliament, [[Martin Schulz]], stated that it must be a precondition for Turkey to recognise the systematic massacres of Armenians in 1915 as genocide.<ref>{{cite news|title=Genocide Recognition Precondition to Turkey's EU Bid, Says Euro-Parliament President|url=http://asbarez.com/105486/|access-date=26 March 2013|newspaper=Asbarez|date=18 September 2012|archive-date=6 May 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130506134653/http://asbarez.com/105486/}}</ref>

The government of Turkey rejects such a precondition for EU membership and does not accept it as a part of the [[Copenhagen criteria|EU membership criteria]].

In 2006, the [[European Parliament]] voted against a proposal to formally add the issue as a membership criterion for Turkey.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.europarl.europa.eu/sides/getDoc.do?type=IM-PRESS&reference=20060922IPR10896&language=EN|title=European Parliament critical of slowdown in Turkey's reform process|access-date=7 June 2015|archive-date=3 January 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150103024910/http://www.europarl.europa.eu/sides/getDoc.do?type=IM-PRESS&reference=20060922IPR10896&language=EN|url-status=live}}</ref> A similar proposal by Greek and Greek Cypriot MEPs was also rejected by the European Parliament in 2011.<ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.armenianow.com/genocide/28146/spain_armenian_genocide_bill |title= Spain Says No: Genocide bill rejected - Genocide - ArmeniaNow.com |access-date= 7 June 2015 |archive-date= 6 April 2016 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20160406133257/http://www.armenianow.com/genocide/28146/spain_armenian_genocide_bill }}</ref>

===LGBT rights in Turkey===
{{Main|LGBT rights in Turkey}}
[[File:XXI._Istanbul_Gay_Parade_Pride_-_Peace_Tower.jpg|250px|thumb|LGBT [[Istanbul Pride]] parade in 2013, [[İstiklal Avenue]], [[Istanbul]] (before the ban in 2015).]]

Although homosexuality is not a crime in Turkey, in contravention of European Union directives<!-- Directives are not compulsory. --> on human rights{{Which|date=January 2022}}; Turkey temporarily banned LGBT [[pride parade]]s in 2015 and 2016.<ref>{{cite news|url= https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2016/06/27/turkey-police-fire-rubber-bullets-at-banned-gay-pride-parade/ |archive-url= https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220112/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2016/06/27/turkey-police-fire-rubber-bullets-at-banned-gay-pride-parade/ |archive-date=12 January 2022 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |title=Turkey police fire rubber bullets at banned Gay Pride parade |newspaper=The Telegraph|date=27 June 2016|access-date=5 August 2016|agency=Agence France-Presse}}{{cbignore}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.cnn.com/2015/06/28/world/turkey-pride-parade-lgbt-violence/index.html |title=Turkish police fire pepper spray at gay pride parade |first1=Ashley |last1=Fantz |first2=Gul |last2=Tuysuz |first3=Arwa |last3=Damon |work=CNN |date=28 June 2015 |access-date=5 August 2016 |archive-date=3 January 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210103141442/https://www.cnn.com/2015/06/28/world/turkey-pride-parade-lgbt-violence/index.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.lgbt-ep.eu/intergroup-documents/meps-condemn-crackdown-on-istanbul-pride/|title=MEPs condemn crackdown on Istanbul Pride {{!}} The European Parliament Intergroup on LGBTI Rights |website=lgbt-ep.eu|access-date=5 August 2016|archive-date=2 April 2019|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20190402050039/http://www.lgbt-ep.eu/intergroup-documents/meps-condemn-crackdown-on-istanbul-pride/}}</ref> Reasons given for the ban were "security concerns", and "religious sensitivities of the public" caused by holding the parade during the month of Ramadan.

===Article 301===
{{Main|Censorship in Turkey|Human rights in Turkey|Article 301}}

Article 301 states that "a person who publicly insults the Turkish nation, the State of the Republic of Turkey, or the [[Grand National Assembly of Turkey]], shall be punishable by imprisonment of between six months and two years" and also that "expressions of thought intended to criticise shall not constitute a crime."

The EU was especially critical of this law during the September 2005 trial of novelist [[Orhan Pamuk]] over comments that recognised the deaths of thirty thousand Kurds [[Armenian genocide|and a million Armenians]]. Enlargement commissioner Olli Rehn and members of the European Parliament called the case "regrettable", "most unfortunate", and "unacceptable".<ref name="bbc3">{{cite news|last=Dymond|first=Jonny|title=EU blasts Turkish author's trial|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/4243102.stm|work=[[BBC News]]|date=13 September 2005|access-date=6 July 2007|archive-date=25 June 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200625170648/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/4243102.stm|url-status=live}}</ref> After the case was dropped three months later, Turkey's Foreign Minister [[Abdullah Gül]] indicated that Turkey may abandon or modify Article 301, stating that "there may be need for a new law".<ref name="gul301">{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/europe/4565466.stm|title=Turkey insult law 'may be dumped'|work=BBC News|date=28 December 2005|access-date=6 July 2007|archive-date=4 January 2007|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070104050211/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/europe/4565466.stm|url-status=live}}</ref> In September 2006, the European Parliament called for the abolition of laws, such as Article 301, "which threaten European free speech norms".<ref name="bbc2">{{cite news |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/5385954.stm |title=New EU warning on Turkey reforms |work=BBC News |date=27 September 2006 |access-date=8 July 2007 |archive-date=17 September 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190917130602/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/5385954.stm |url-status=live }}</ref> On 30 April 2008, the law was reformed.<ref name="news.bbc.co.uk">{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/7375327.stm|title=BBC NEWS – Europe – EU hails Turkey free speech move|date=30 April 2008|access-date=7 June 2015|archive-date=2 September 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190902204820/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/7375327.stm|url-status=live}}</ref> According to the reform, it is now a crime to explicitly insult the "Turkish nation" rather than "Turkishness"; opening court cases based on Article 301 require the approval of the Justice Minister; and the maximum punishment has been reduced to two years in jail.<ref name="news.bbc.co.uk"/>

[[Kemal Kerinçsiz]], a patriotic lawyer, and other members of ''Büyük Hukukçular Birliği'' (Great Jurists Union) headed by Kerinçsiz, have been "behind nearly all of [Article 301] trials."<ref name=kerincsiz>{{cite news |url=http://www.iht.com/articles/ap/2006/09/06/europe/EU_GEN_Turkey_Nationalist_Lawyer.php |access-date=26 August 2008 |title=In Turkey, ultra-nationalist lawyer wins supporters as enthusiasm for the EU falls |date=5 September 2006 |agency=Associated Press |publisher=International Herald Tribune |archive-date=4 June 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080604164126/http://www.iht.com/articles/ap/2006/09/06/europe/EU_GEN_Turkey_Nationalist_Lawyer.php |url-status=live }}</ref> In January 2008, Kerinçsiz was arrested for participating in an ultra-nationalist underground organisation, [[Ergenekon network|Ergenekon]], allegedly<!-- as a legal term--> behind the attacks on the [[Turkish Council of State]] and [[Cumhuriyet]] newspaper,<ref>{{cite news|url= http://www.turkishdailynews.com.tr/article.php?enewsid=94758|title=The Turkish Leviathan under arrest?|date=26 January 2008|access-date=22 April 2008|last=Akyol|first=Mustafa|author-link=Mustafa Akyol|work=Turkish Daily News |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20080405211648/http://www.turkishdailynews.com.tr/article.php?enewsid=94758 |archive-date=5 April 2008}}</ref> the [[Malatya murders|assassination of several Christian missionaries]] and Armenian-Turkish journalist [[Hrant Dink]],<ref>{{Cite news |last=Tavernise |first=Sabrina |author-link=Sabrina Tavernise |date=28 January 2008 |title=13 Arrested in Push to Stifle Turkish Ultranationalists Suspected in Political Killings |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2008/01/28/world/europe/28turkey.html |access-date=7 October 2024 |work=[[The New York Times]]}}</ref> as well as allegedly plotting the assassination of Nobel laureate [[Orhan Pamuk]].<ref>[http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/World/Plot_to_kill_Pamuk_foiled/articleshow/2729362.cms Plot to kill Orhan Pamuk foiled] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090112235627/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/World/Plot_to_kill_Pamuk_foiled/articleshow/2729362.cms |date=12 January 2009 }}. ''Times of India''. 25 January 2008</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2008/jan/28/nobelprize.orhanpamuk |title='Plot to kill' Nobel laureate |work=Guardian: Books |date=28 January 2008 |last=Lea |first=Richard |access-date=18 May 2013 |location=London |archive-date=19 December 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201219013226/https://www.theguardian.com/books/2008/jan/28/nobelprize.orhanpamuk |url-status=live }}</ref> The Ergenekon trials were later attributed to a plot organized by a "foreign-based Gulenist terror organization" and all charges were dropped after the attempted military coup by Gulenists on 15 July 2016. {{citation needed|date=November 2021}}

===Women's rights===
{{further|Women in Turkey}}
[[File:First female MPs of the Turkish Parliament (1935).jpg|thumb|220px|Eighteen female [[member of parliament|MPs]] joined the [[Turkish Parliament]] with the 1935 general elections, at a time when women in a significant number of other European countries had [[Timeline of women's suffrage|voting rights]] for the local municipal elections, but not for the national parliamentary elections. In 1993 [[Tansu Çiller]] became Turkey's first female [[List of Prime Ministers of Turkey|Prime Minister]].]]
[[File:Feminist_protest_from_Turkey.jpg|thumb|right|Women in Turkey protesting for their rights. On 20 March 2021, with a [[Decree#Turkey|presidential decree]], Turkey withdrew from the [[Istanbul Convention]], which was ratified by the [[Grand National Assembly of Turkey|Turkish parliament]] in 2011.<ref name="coe-ic">{{cite web|url=https://www.coe.int/en/web/commissioner/-/turkey-s-announced-withdrawal-from-the-istanbul-convention-endangers-women-s-rights|title=Turkey's announced withdrawal from the Istanbul Convention endangers women's rights|publisher=Council of Europe|date=22 March 2021|access-date=18 April 2021|archive-date=2 May 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220502131158/https://www.coe.int/en/web/commissioner/-/turkey-s-announced-withdrawal-from-the-istanbul-convention-endangers-women-s-rights|url-status=live}}</ref> The decision was criticised by the [[European Commission]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://ec.europa.eu/neighbourhood-enlargement/news_corner/news/turkey-statement-high-representativevice-president-josep-borrell-turkey%E2%80%99s_en|title=Turkey: Statement by High Representative/Vice-President Josep Borrell on Turkey's withdrawal of the Istanbul Convention|publisher=European Commission|date=20 March 2021|access-date=18 April 2021|archive-date=4 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210504233125/https://ec.europa.eu/neighbourhood-enlargement/news_corner/news/turkey-statement-high-representativevice-president-josep-borrell-turkey%E2%80%99s_en|url-status=live}}</ref> and the [[Council of Europe]].<ref name="coe-ic"/>]]

Turkey gave women [[Timeline of women's suffrage|the right to vote]] in 1930 for municipal elections. In 1934 this right was expanded for the national elections, while women were also given the right to become elected as [[Member of Parliament|MPs]] in the [[Turkish Parliament]], or for being appointed as Ministers, Prime Minister, [[Speaker (politics)|Speaker of the Parliament]] and [[President of Turkey|President of the Republic]]. In 1993 [[Tansu Çiller]] became the first female [[List of Prime Ministers of Turkey|Prime Minister of Turkey]].

In its second report on women's role in social, economic, and political life in Turkey, the [[European Parliament]] emphasised that respecting human rights, including women's rights, is an essential condition for Turkey's membership in the EU. According to the report, Turkey's legal framework on women's rights "has in general been satisfactory, but its substantive implementation remains flawed."<ref>{{cite press release|url=http://www.europarl.europa.eu/sides/getDoc.do?language=EN&type=IM-PRESS&reference=20070208IPR02887|title=Women's rights in Turkey: MEPs say improvements still needed|access-date=13 April 2007|publisher=European Parliament|date=13 February 2007|archive-date=3 January 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210103134747/https://www.europarl.europa.eu/sides/getDoc.do?language=EN&type=IM-PRESS&reference=20070208IPR02887|url-status=live}}</ref>

===Conscientious objectors<!-- Does EU, equate Council of Europe? -->===
Turkey is one of two states (along with [[Azerbaijan]]) among the 47 members of the Council of Europe which refuse to recognise the status of [[conscientious objector]]s or give them an alternative to military service, other than a reduction of service by paying a tax.<ref>{{cite news|url= https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/europe/leading-turkish-writer-faces-jail-after-incurring-wrath-of-military-481368.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090825195809/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/europe/leading-turkish-writer-faces-jail-after-incurring-wrath-of-military-481368.html |archive-date=2009-08-25 |url-access=limited |url-status=live |title=Leading Turkish writer faces jail after incurring wrath of military|access-date=13 April 2007 |work=Independent|first=Peter|last=Popham|date=7 June 2006|location=London}}</ref>

==Public reactions==
{{Update|part=section|date=January 2021|reason=}}

===In the EU===
Public opinion in EU countries generally opposes Turkish membership, though with varying degrees of intensity. The [[Eurobarometer]] September–October 2006 survey<ref name="eurobarometer_66">{{cite web|title=European Commission: ''Eurobarometer 66 – Public Opinion in the European Union'', Sep–Oct 2006, p.223|url=http://ec.europa.eu/public_opinion/archives/eb/eb66/eb66_en.pdf|access-date=1 September 2007|archive-date=27 February 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080227020400/http://ec.europa.eu/public_opinion/archives/eb/eb66/eb66_en.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref> shows that 59% of EU-27 citizens were against Turkey joining the EU, while only about 28% were in favour. Nearly all citizens (about 9 in 10) expressed concerns about human rights as the leading cause. In the earlier March–May 2006 [[Eurobarometer]], citizens from the new member states were more in favour of Turkey joining (44% in favour) than the old [[EU-15]] (38% in favour). At the time of the survey, the country whose population most strongly opposed Turkish membership was [[Austria]] (con: 81%), while [[Romania]] was most in favour of the accession (pro: 66%). On a wider political scope, the highest support came from the [[Turkish Cypriot]] Community (pro: 67%) (which is not recognised as a sovereign state and is ''de facto'' not EU territory and out of the European institutions). These communities were even more in favour of the accession than the Turkish populace itself (pro: 54%).<ref name="special_eurobarometer_255">{{cite web|title=European Commission: Special Eurobarometer 255 – Attitudes towards EU Enlargement |date=July 2006 |page=72 |url= http://ec.europa.eu/public_opinion/archives/ebs/ebs_255_en.pdf |access-date=5 September 2006| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20060823004033/http://ec.europa.eu/public_opinion/archives/ebs/ebs_255_en.pdf |archive-date=23 August 2006 | url-status= live}}</ref> Opposition in [[Denmark]] to Turkish membership was polled at 60% in October 2007, despite the Danish government's support for Turkey's EU bid.<ref name="copenhagen post 1">{{cite news|title=Disagreement over Turkish EU membership |publisher=Copenhagen Post |date=22 October 2007 |url= http://www.cphpost.dk/get/103964.html |archive-url= https://archive.today/20070810190926/http://www.cphpost.dk/get/103964.html |archive-date=10 August 2007 |access-date=22 October 2007}}</ref>

There is a trend in declining support since 2000 that has continued due to the [[2013 gezi protests|2013 Gezi protests]] and the [[Purges in Turkey (2016–present)]]. In the past support for Turkish accession came especially from left-wing parties, but more recently both sides of the political spectrum in Europe have been highly critical of Turkey's human rights record. Opposition to Turkish accession is higher in countries such as Bulgaria and Germany which have a high population of [[Turkish diaspora]] or [[Muslims in Europe]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Jakob Lindgaard |date=October 2018 |title=EU Public Opinion on Turkish EU Membership: Trends and Drivers |url=https://feuture.uni-koeln.de/sites/feuture/user_upload/Online_Paper_No_25_final.pdf |work=Feuture at the University of Cologne |pages=9, 16, 17 |access-date=3 December 2020 |archive-date=4 January 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210104191628/https://feuture.uni-koeln.de/sites/feuture/user_upload/Online_Paper_No_25_final.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Phinnemore |first1=David |last2=İçener |first2=Erhan |title=Holding the door half (?) open: the EU and Turkey 10 years on |journal=Journal of Contemporary European Studies |date=2016 |volume=24 |issue=4 |pages=446–462 |doi=10.1080/14782804.2016.1178104 |s2cid=156427227 |url=https://pure.qub.ac.uk/en/publications/holding-the-door-half--open-the-eu-and-turkey-10-years-on(38fd1d7c-bd48-4a2a-b2dc-bce7ca693455).html |quote=The last decade has seen this opposition not only increase, but also manifest itself more prominently in party political rhetoric. What might be described as 'Turkoscepticism' has been on the rise, often coinciding with increases in anti-Muslim sentiments across Europe. In member states with larger Muslim populations, the response has been for governments to adopt more sceptical if not hostile positions towards Turkish accession. The clearest examples were Austria, Germany, and France where Eurobarometer polling in 2005 indicated that support for Turkey's accession was as low as 10% in Austria and 21% in the other two countries |access-date=20 December 2020 |archive-date=4 January 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210104193055/https://pure.qub.ac.uk/en/publications/holding-the-door-half-open-the-eu-and-turkey-10-years-on |url-status=live }}</ref> [[YouGov]] polls from 2016<ref>{{Cite web |last=Matthew Smith |date=August 3, 2016 |title=Turkey less popular choice to join the EU than even Russia |url=https://yougov.co.uk/topics/politics/articles-reports/2016/08/03/turkey-less-popular-choice-join-eu-even-russia |work=YouGov |language=en-gb |access-date=4 March 2022 |archive-date=19 May 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220519115927/https://yougov.co.uk/topics/politics/articles-reports/2016/08/03/turkey-less-popular-choice-join-eu-even-russia |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name=":0" /> and 2019 have found respondents from France, Germany, Denmark, [[Finland]] and [[Sweden]] to have the largest net opposition to Turkey's EU bid out of several other choices, including [[Israel]] and [[Russia]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=March 4, 2019 |title=Eurotrack: which countries do Europeans think should be in the EU? |url=https://yougov.co.uk/topics/international/articles-reports/2019/03/04/eurotrack-it-was-mistake-admit-romania-and-bulgari |work=YouGov |language=en-gb |access-date=4 March 2022 |archive-date=13 May 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220513135240/https://yougov.co.uk/topics/international/articles-reports/2019/03/04/eurotrack-it-was-mistake-admit-romania-and-bulgari |url-status=live }}</ref>

===In Turkey===
The opening of membership talks with the EU in December 2004 was celebrated by Turkey with much fanfare,<ref name="economist1">{{cite news|work=Economist|title=The ever-lengthening road|date=7 December 2006|url=http://www.economist.com/research/articlesBySubject/displaystory.cfm?subjectid=682266&story_id=8381644|access-date=4 July 2007|archive-date=6 March 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160306020520/http://www.economist.com/node/8381644|url-status=live}}</ref> but the Turkish populace has become increasingly sceptical as negotiations were delayed based on what it views as lukewarm support for its accession to the EU and perceived double standards in its negotiations particularly with regard to the French and Austrian [[referendum]]s. A mid-2006 [[Eurobarometer]] survey revealed that 43% of Turkish citizens view the EU positively; just 35% trust the EU, 45% support enlargement and just 29% support an EU constitution.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.hurriyet.com.tr/english/4713737.asp?gid=74|title=New Eurobarometer poll results show a drop in Turkish support for the EU|work=Hurriyet|access-date=13 April 2007|archive-date=15 December 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181215224600/http://www.hurriyet.com.tr/gundem/new-eurobarometer-poll-results-show-a-drop-in-turkish-support-for-the-eu-4713737|url-status=live}}</ref>

Moreover, Turks were divided on whether to join at all. A 2007 poll put Turkish support for accession to the EU at 41.9% (up from 32% in 2006), with 27.7% opposed and 24.0% indifferent.<ref>{{cite news |url= http://www.angus-reid.com/polls/view/support_for_eu_accession_increases_in_turkey/ |title=Support for EU Accession Increases in Turkey |access-date=18 May 2013 |url-status= usurped |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20081007182329/http://www.angus-reid.com/polls/view/support_for_eu_accession_increases_in_turkey/ |archive-date=7 October 2008 }}</ref> A 2009 poll showed that support for accession had risen to 48%, even as negative views of the EU had risen from 28% to 32%.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.radikal.com.tr/yorum/turkler_abye_ragmen_abyi_istiyor-953764 |title=Türkler AB'ye rağmen AB'yi istiyor |work=Radikal |access-date=18 May 2013 |archive-date=24 September 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924145250/http://www.radikal.com.tr/yorum/turkler_abye_ragmen_abyi_istiyor-953764 |url-status=live }}</ref> A 2013 poll showed Turkish support for the EU bid at one third of the population, and opposition to double that share.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.hurriyetdailynews.com/Default.aspx?pageID=238&nid=39870|title=Turkey losing appetite for EU bid, says survey|date=26 January 2013|access-date=18 August 2013|archive-date=8 November 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161108061129/http://www.hurriyetdailynews.com/Default.aspx?pageID=238&nid=39870|url-status=live}}</ref>

According to the Transatlantic Trends survey for 2013, 60% of Turks have an unfavourable view of the European Union<ref>{{cite web|url= http://trends.gmfus.org/transatlantic-trends/key-findings/5/|title=Key Findings 5 |work=Transatlantic Trends |access-date=7 June 2015 |archive-url= http://arquivo.pt/wayback/20160517171359/http://trends.gmfus.org/transatlantic-trends/key-findings/5/ |archive-date=17 May 2016}}</ref> and most Turks believe that working with Asia is more important to their national interests than working with Europe.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://trends.gmfus.org/transatlantic-trends/key-findings/6/ |title=Key Findings 6 |work=Transatlantic Trends|access-date=7 June 2015|archive-url=http://arquivo.pt/wayback/20160517171436/http://trends.gmfus.org/transatlantic-trends/key-findings/6/ |archive-date=17 May 2016 }}</ref> Around 44% of Turks believe EU membership could be good for the economy in contrast with 61% for EU citizens.<ref>{{cite web|url= http://trends.gmfus.org/transatlantic-trends/key-findings/8/|title=Key Findings 8 |work=Transatlantic Trends |access-date=7 June 2015|archive-url= http://arquivo.pt/wayback/20160517171448/http://trends.gmfus.org/transatlantic-trends/key-findings/8/ |archive-date=17 May 2016}}</ref> During an interview with Euractiv, EU Minister Egemen Bağış stated that: "This is what Europe needs to do; they need to say that when Turkey fulfills all requirements, Turkey will become a member of the EU on date X. Then, we will regain the Turkish public opinion support in one day."<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.euractiv.com.tr/ab-ve-turkiye/article/bagis-fransanin-tutumunda-degisimin-basladigini-goruyoruz-027174 |title=Bağış: Fransa'nın tutumunda değişimin başladığını görüyoruz |access-date=7 June 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160109202339/http://www.euractiv.com.tr/ab-ve-turkiye/article/bagis-fransanin-tutumunda-degisimin-basladigini-goruyoruz-027174 |archive-date=9 January 2016 }}</ref>

==Official viewpoints==
{{Wikinews|EU sets date for membership talks with Turkey}}

===Major current viewpoints===
*{{flagicon|EU}} [[2014 European Parliament election|2014 EU]] [[President of the European Commission|Presidential]] candidates [[Jean-Claude Juncker]] ([[European People's Party|EEP]]) and [[Martin Schulz]] ([[Progressive Alliance of Socialists and Democrats|S&D]]) promised that Turkey would never join the European Union while either one of them were President, reasoning that Turkey had turned its back on European democratic values.<ref>{{cite web|last=Sarmadi|first=Dario|title=Juncker and Schulz say 'no' to Turkey in last TV duel|url=http://www.euractiv.com/sections/eu-elections-2014/juncker-and-schulz-say-no-turkey-last-tv-duel-302278|date=21 May 2014|publisher=Efficacité et Transparence des Acteurs Européens|access-date=26 May 2014|archive-date=12 November 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201112035650/https://www.euractiv.com/section/global-europe/news/juncker-and-schulz-say-no-to-turkey-in-last-tv-duel/|url-status=live}}</ref> Juncker won the election and became the new president of the EU in November 2014. He stated that April:<ref>{{cite web|url= http://juncker.epp.eu/sites/default/files/attachments/nodes/en_03_fp.pdf |title=My Foreign Policy Objectives |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20200818040426/http://juncker.epp.eu/sites/default/files/attachments/nodes/en_03_fp.pdf |date=23 April 2014 |archive-date= 18 August 2020 |work=EU President Juncker |quote=When it comes to enlargement, this has been a historic success. However, Europe now needs to digest the addition of 13 Member States in the past 10 years. Our citizens need a pause from enlargement so we can consolidate what has been achieved among the 28. This is why, under my Presidency of the Commission, ongoing negotiations will of course continue, and notably the Western Balkans will need to keep a European perspective, but no further enlargement will take place over the next five years. As regards Turkey, the country is clearly far away from EU membership. A government that blocks Twitter is certainly not ready for accession.}}</ref> 
{{blockquote|... under my [[President of the European Commission|Presidency of the Commission]] ... ''no further enlargement will take place over the next five years''. As regards Turkey, the country is clearly far away from EU membership. A government that blocks Twitter is certainly not ready for accession.}}
*{{flagicon|TUR}} Primary reasons for Turkey's persistent requests to join the EU are, among others, the many [[Turks in Europe]] and the importance of trade between the two. Turkey is, however, also increasingly disappointed with the widespread opposition to its accession among EU member states. In September 2012, Turkish Prime Minister [[Erdoğan]] was asked by CNN if Turkey still wants to join the EU. His response: "There are 5 million Turks in Europe and 3 million [[Turks in Germany]] alone. We are a natural member of the European Union. Germany invited Turkish workers 50 years ago, however, 50 years have passed and we have waited at the [[European Union]]'s doorstep. No other country has experienced such a thing. We will be patient until a point. However, when we cross that point, we will bring light to the situation and decide accordingly."<ref>{{cite web|url= http://www.euractiv.com.tr/ab-ve-turkiye/article/erdogan-ab-konusunda-bir-yere-kadar-sabredecegiz-026036 |title=Erdoğan: 'AB konusunda bir yere kadar sabredeceğiz'|access-date=7 June 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150715021322/http://www.euractiv.com.tr/ab-ve-turkiye/article/erdogan-ab-konusunda-bir-yere-kadar-sabredecegiz-026036|archive-date=15 July 2015}}</ref> During a trip to [[Yalta]], Erdoğan expressed his stern disappointment regarding the EU accession process: "We are still an [[Future enlargement of the European Union|EU negotiating candidate]]. At such a position, I wish EU accession. Otherwise, such a scenario would affect a large region including [[Ukraine–European Union relations|Ukraine]] and Turkey."<ref>{{cite web|url= http://www.euractiv.com.tr/ab-ve-turkiye/article/erdoan-abnin-gucsuz-dusmesi-genis-bir-cografyayi-olumsuz-etkiler-026085 |title=Erdoğan: 'AB'nin güçsüz düşmesi geniş bir coğrafyayı olumsuz etkiler'|access-date=7 June 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150715014545/http://www.euractiv.com.tr/ab-ve-turkiye/article/erdoan-abnin-gucsuz-dusmesi-genis-bir-cografyayi-olumsuz-etkiler-026085|archive-date=15 July 2015}}</ref>
*{{flagicon|GER}} Former German Chancellor [[Angela Merkel]] has repeatedly opposed full membership of Turkey to the EU at German-Turkish summits, advocating instead a [[privileged partnership]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2010-03-29 |title=Kanzlerin in Ankara: Merkel lehnt EU-Beitritt der Türkei weiter ab |url=https://www.faz.net/aktuell/politik/kanzlerin-in-ankara-merkel-lehnt-eu-beitritt-der-tuerkei-weiter-ab-1953192.html |access-date=2024-10-07 |website=FAZ.NET |language=de}}</ref><ref name="Die Welt 20 September 2011">{{Cite web |title=Vor Treffen mit Gül: Merkel lehnt EU-Mitgliedschaft der Türkei ab - WELT |url=https://www.welt.de/politik/deutschland/article13614695/Merkel-lehnt-EU-Mitgliedschaft-der-Tuerkei-ab.html |access-date=2024-10-07 |website=DIE WELT |language=de}}</ref> Some Christian Democrats back fuller support for Turkey, risking the chancellor becoming more isolated in advocating for a "privileged partnership".<ref>{{cite news | url=http://uk.reuters.com/article/uk-germany-turkey-idUKBRE91M06C20130223 | work=Reuters | title=Merkel backs new EU talks for Turkey but has doubts | date=23 February 2013 | access-date=5 July 2021 | archive-date=24 April 2019 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190424002238/https://uk.reuters.com/article/uk-germany-turkey-idUKBRE91M06C20130223 | url-status=dead }}</ref> In September 2011, on the occasion of the visit of the Turkish president [[Abdullah Gül|Gül]], Merkel said: "We don't want the full membership of Turkey. But we don't want to lose Turkey as an important country", referring to her idea of a strategic partnership.<ref name="Die Welt 20 September 2011"/> In 2006, Chancellor Merkel said "Turkey could be in deep, deep trouble when it comes to its aspirations to join the European Union" regarding its refusal to open up its ports to European Union member [[Cyprus]].<ref name="spi">{{cite web|url=http://www.spiegel.de/international/0,1518,446747,00.html|title=Merkel Worried about Turkey: Situation Is "Very, Very Serious"|date=6 November 2006|work=Spiegel Online|access-date=7 June 2015|archive-date=3 March 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120303140015/http://www.spiegel.de/international/0,1518,446747,00.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Again in 2014, when Erdogan urged Merkel to strongly support his country's bid, there was no sign the chancellor had relinquished her skepticism. She revealed after the two had talked: "I personally said that we are in a negotiation process that has certain outcome and no fixed time frame. It is no secret and nothing has changed in my view that I am sceptical about full membership for Turkey."<ref>{{Cite news |date=4 February 2014 |title=Erdogan struggles with Merkel's scepticism on Turkish EU bid |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/world/erdogan-struggles-with-merkel-s-scepticism-on-turkish-eu-bid-idUSDEEA130C3/ |access-date=7 October 2024 |work=[[Reuters]]}}</ref> In a TV debate in September 2017, then-German chancellor [[Angela Merkel]] and her challenger [[Martin Schulz]] both said that they would seek an end to Turkey's membership talks with the European Union.<ref name=the-end>{{cite web|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-germany-turkey-merkel/in-shift-merkel-backs-end-to-eu-turkey-membership-talks-idUSKCN1BE15B|title=In shift, Merkel backs end to EU-Turkey membership talks|work=Reuters|date=3 September 2017|access-date=19 December 2017|archive-date=18 December 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201218135305/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-germany-turkey-merkel/in-shift-merkel-backs-end-to-eu-turkey-membership-talks-idUSKCN1BE15B|url-status=live}}</ref>
*{{flagicon|FRA}} Former French President [[Nicolas Sarkozy]] opposed the entrance of Turkey in the European Union, arguing the country was too big, too poor, and too culturally different to join the EU. Former President [[Francois Hollande]], however, reaffirmed support for Turkey in 2012, intending to smooth the way for French companies seeking contracts in Turkey. Franco-Turkish relations remained tense after Turkey imposed a law in 2009 that criminalised [[Armenian genocide recognition|recognition]] of the [[Armenian genocide|killing of Armenians by Ottoman Turks in 1915]] as a [[genocide]]; a move [[Constitutional Council of France|France's Constitutional Court]] reversed,{{clarify|date=January 2018}}<!-- how did a French court reverse a Turkish law? --> in turn, causing French firms' share of foreign investment in Turkey to shrink from 6% in 2009 to 3% in 2012. Leaders of French infrastructure companies were especially eager to enter the Turkish markets for [[nuclear security]] and rail infrastructure, expected to respectively be worth $40 and $50&nbsp;billion by 2020.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://turquieeuropeenne.eu/article2371.html|title=Sarkozy: La France et l'Asie mineure – Turquie Européenne|access-date=7 June 2015|archive-date=28 June 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180628044412/http://turquieeuropeenne.eu/sarkozy-la-france-et-l-asie-mineure.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url= https://www.reuters.com/article/us-france-turkey-idUSBREA0Q1EV20140127 |title=France's Hollande cautiously backs Turkey EU membership bid |first=Elizabeth |last=Pineau |work=Reuters |date=27 January 2014 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20191008010501/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-france-turkey/frances-hollande-cautiously-backs-turkey-eu-membership-bid-idUSBREA0Q1EV20140127 |archive-date=8 October 2019 |access-date=27 December 2020}}</ref>

===Timeline===
*{{flagicon|GRE}} In September 1999, following a thaw in Greek-Turkish relations after mutual help in earthquake relief, Greek Foreign Minister [[George Papandreou]] told ''[[The Guardian]]'' "Greece not only wants to see Turkey in the EU, it wants to be pulling the cart of a European Turkey", and that it was within his nation's interests as a way to avoid "continual conflict and tension with the block and European standards".<ref>{{cite news|title=World: Europe EU warms towards Turkey|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/europe/445482.stm|access-date=23 February 2015|work=BBC News|date=13 September 1999|archive-date=4 January 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210104192945/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/445482.stm|url-status=live}}</ref> 
*{{flagicon|FRA}}/{{flagicon|EU}} In November 2002, then-French President and then-President of the European Convention [[Valéry Giscard d'Estaing]] said in an interview with the French newspaper [[Le Monde]], "Turkey is an important country close to Europe, but it is not a European country. It is not a European country because its capital is not in Europe and 95% of its population lives outside Europe." he said. Estaing continued as follows: "The Union should now focus on internal financial problems and the construction of European harmony instead of expansion. Those who most support Turkey joining the Union are actually opponents of the European Union. In fact, the majority of European Council members are against Turkey joining, but the Turks were never told this. Turkey joining the European Union would mean the end of the European Union."<ref>{{Cite news |date=2002-11-08 |title=Pour ou contre l'adhésion de la Turquie à l'Union européenne |url=https://www.lemonde.fr/europe/article/2002/11/08/pour-ou-contre-l-adhesion-de-la-turquie-a-l-union-europeenne_297386_3214.html |work=lemonde.fr |language=fr}}</ref>
*{{flagicon|EU}} The 2005 EU Progress Report stated that: "On 29 July 2005, Turkey signed the Additional Protocol adapting the EC Turkey Association Agreement to the accession of 10 new countries on 1 May 2004. At the same time, Turkey issued a declaration stating that the signature of the Additional Protocol did not amount to recognition of the Republic of Cyprus. On 21 September, the EU adopted a counter-declaration indicating that Turkey's declaration was unilateral, did not form part of the Protocol, and had no legal effect on Turkey's obligations under the Protocol. The EU declaration stressed that recognition of all Member States was a necessary component of the accession process. It also underlined the need for supporting the efforts of the Secretary General of the UN to bring about a comprehensive settlement of the Cyprus problem which would contribute to peace, stability and harmonious relations in the region."<ref>{{cite web|url=http://ec.europa.eu/enlargement/archives/pdf/key_documents/2005/package/sec_1426_final_progress_report_tr_en.pdf|title=Final Progress Report for Turkey|access-date=13 April 2007|archive-date=30 June 2007|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070630225819/http://ec.europa.eu/enlargement/archives/pdf/key_documents/2005/package/sec_1426_final_progress_report_tr_en.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref>
*{{flagicon|EU}} In November 2006, the European Commission members decided to suspend parts of the talks with Turkey regarding accession, as Turkish officials said that they will not open Turkish ports to traffic from the Republic of Cyprus until the EU eases its embargo on Turkish-controlled northern Cyprus.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/6194492.stm|title=EU urged to freeze Turkey talks|access-date=25 August 2008|date=29 November 2006|work=[[BBC News]]|archive-date=27 August 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190827135509/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/6194492.stm|url-status=live}}</ref>
*{{flagicon|EU}} In 2007, European Commission President [[José Manuel Barroso]] said that Turkey is not ready to join the EU "tomorrow nor the day after tomorrow", but its membership negotiations should continue. He also called on France and other member states to honour the decision to continue accession talks, describing it as a matter of credibility for the Union.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.setimes.com/cocoon/setimes/xhtml/en_GB/newsbriefs/setimes/newsbriefs/2007/07/23/nb-02|work=Zaman, Javno.hr, DPA, Reuters|publisher=Southeast European Times|date=22 July 2007|title=Barroso says Turkey not ready for EU membership, urges continued negotiations|access-date=24 July 2007|archive-date=27 October 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161027021146/http://www.setimes.com/cocoon/setimes/xhtml/en_GB/newsbriefs/setimes/newsbriefs/2007/07/23/nb-02|url-status=live}}</ref>{{Unreliable source?|date=August 2008}}
*{{flagicon|POR}} On 28 June 2007, Portuguese State Secretary for European Affairs Manuel Lobo Antunes affirmed that "Turkey should join the EU once it has successfully completed membership talks, which are likely to run for at least a decade."<ref name=EUbusinessAntunes>{{cite web|url=http://www.eubusiness.com/Portugal/1183028405.19|title=EUbusiness: Portugal rejects major EU debate on Turkey this year|access-date=5 September 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090827045512/http://www.eubusiness.com/Portugal/1183028405.19|archive-date=27 August 2009}}</ref> "We think it is important and fundamental that Turkey joins the European Union once it fulfils all the conditions and all the criteria," he said, adding that "[[Portugal]] aims in the next six months to 'put the process on track'."<ref name=EUbusinessAntunes/>
*{{flagicon|ITA}} On 5 November 2008, the Italian [[Foreign Minister]] [[Franco Frattini]] declared that "the Italian government will support the inclusion of Turkey in the European Union with all its strength."<ref name=Frattini>{{cite web|url=http://www.ansamed.info/en/news/ME01.@AM63924.html|title=ANSAmed: Italy-Turkey: Frattini, We Strongly Support EU Membership |access-date=5 September 2017|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20090827052133/http://www.ansamed.info/en/news/ME01.%40AM63924.html |archive-date=27 August 2009}}</ref> He indicated that "the Italian Parliament will give a 'clear word' when necessary with the 'enormous majority' of the [[Silvio Berlusconi|Berlusconi]] government, but also with 'the opposition' which it knows it can count on."<ref name=Frattini/> "Turkey's inclusion will not be a problem, but it will be part of the solution for strengthening Europe in relations with other countries, such as the Caucasus region" he added.<ref name=Frattini/>
*{{flagicon|ITA}} On 13 November 2008, the Italian Prime Minister [[Silvio Berlusconi]] urged the EU to "accelerate Turkey's membership bid" and pledged to "help Ankara gain accession."<ref name=EuronewsBerlusconi>{{cite web|url=http://www.euronews.net/2008/11/13/italy-urges-eu-to-speed-up-turkeys-application/|title=Italy urges EU to speed up Turkey's application|work=euronews|access-date=7 June 2015|archive-date=1 September 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180901215931/http://www.euronews.com/2008/11/13/italy-urges-eu-to-speed-up-turkeys-application}}</ref> Berlusconi pledged to "try and win over those EU members resistant to Turkey's application."<ref name=EuronewsBerlusconi/> "Regarding the opposition shown by certain countries – some of which are important countries – I am confident we will be able to convince them of the strategic importance of Turkey, within the European framework, as a country bordering the Middle East," Berlusconi declared.<ref name=EuronewsBerlusconi/>
*{{flagicon|SWE}}/{{flagicon|FRA}} On 29 May 2009, French President Nicolas Sarkozy cancelled a visit to Sweden scheduled for 2 June 2009, to avoid a clash on the question of Turkey's EU membership just a few days before the European elections and a month before Stockholm took over the EU's rotating presidency.<ref name=EUobserverSweden>{{cite web|url=http://euobserver.com/9/28208|title=Sarkozy cancels Sweden visit over Turkey|date=29 May 2009|access-date=7 June 2015|archive-date=28 August 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190828065329/https://euobserver.com/political/28208|url-status=live}}</ref> The French President, who is an outspoken opponent of Turkey's entry to the European Union, did not want to highlight the strong divergence of views on this topic with Swedish Prime Minister [[Fredrik Reinfeldt]], the French newspaper ''[[Le Monde]]'' reported on 28 May 2009.<ref name=EUobserverSweden/> Sweden favours further EU enlargement, including to Turkey.<ref name=EUobserverSweden/> Swedish [[Foreign Minister]] [[Carl Bildt]] told the French newspaper ''[[Le Figaro]]'' that "the EU has 'a strategic interest' in Turkey's EU integration and warned against 'closing the door' to Ankara."<ref name=EUobserverSweden/> "If we judge Cyprus to be in Europe, although it is an island along Syria's shores, it is hard not to consider that Turkey is in Europe," Bildt said, referring to Sarkozy's repeated statements that Turkey is not a European country and does not belong to Europe.<ref name=EUobserverSweden/> In the ''Le Figaro'' interview, Bildt said: "My vision of Europe is not as defensive as I observe it with other people."<ref name=EUobserverSweden/> The French president's trip to Sweden was cancelled the day after the interview was published.<ref name=EUobserverSweden/> "Nicolas Sarkozy cancelled his visit because of the Carl Bildt interview," one French minister told ''Le Monde''.<ref name=EUobserverSweden/> "The president wanted to avoid a clash on Turkey and did not want that his visit to Sweden interferes with the elections [five days later]."<ref name=EUobserverSweden/> In March 2013, King [[Carl XVI]] of Sweden said that "The EU will become stronger with Turkey"<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.abhaber.com/haberler/haber/haberler/isvec-krali-carl-xvi-ab-turkiye-ile-daha-guclu-olacak-048637 |title=ABHaber<!-- Bot generated title -->|access-date=5 September 2017|archive-url= https://archive.today/20130410044838/http://www.abhaber.com/haberler/haber/haberler/isvec-krali-carl-xvi-ab-turkiye-ile-daha-guclu-olacak-048637 |archive-date=10 April 2013}}</ref>
*{{flagicon|ESP}} On 5 April 2009, Spanish Prime Minister [[José Luis Rodríguez Zapatero]] stated that "Spain firmly supports Turkey's candidature to enter the EU, provided it meets the necessary requisites."<ref name=Zapatero>{{cite web|url= http://www.la-moncloa.es/IDIOMAS/9/ActualidadHome/05042009_RANTurquia.htm |date=5 April 2009 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20090826195645/http://www.la-moncloa.es/IDIOMAS/9/ActualidadHome/05042009_RANTurquia.htm |title= La Moncloa – Spanish Government: Spain supports Turkey's candidature to the EU |archive-date=26 August 2009 |website=lamoncloa.gob.es}}</ref> Zapatero told Turkish Prime Minister [[Recep Tayyip Erdoğan]] that "Spain's position is 'firm, clear and solid' in favour of Turkey's candidature to enter the European Union."<ref name=Zapatero/> "We must 'open the door' for Turkey to enter 'the EU peace and cooperation project', provided it meets the necessary requisites for integration," Zapatero added;<ref name=Zapatero/> before remarking that "Turkey's entrance is good both for Turkey and for the EU."<ref name=Zapatero/>
*{{flagicon|GRE}} In November 2009, Greek President [[Karolos Papoulias]] stated that he would not support Turkey's accession "as long as Ankara behaves as an occupying force in Cyprus."<ref>{{cite web | access-date=21 November 2009 | archive-date=20 November 2009 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091120193250/http://www.turkishweekly.net/news/93107/greek-president-39-we-cannot-support-turkey-39-s-membership-to-the-eu-39-.html | url=http://www.turkishweekly.net/news/93107/greek-president-39-we-cannot-support-turkey-39-s-membership-to-the-eu-39-.html | title=Greek President: 'We Cannot Support Turkey's Membership to the EU' }}</ref>
*{{flagicon|UK}} On 4 November 2009, [[David Miliband]], the Foreign Secretary of the United Kingdom, during a visit to Turkey underlined the UK government's support for Turkey's bid to join the European Union, saying: "I am very clear that Turkish accession to the EU is important and will be of huge benefit to both Turkey and the EU."<ref name=EUBusinessElizabeth>{{cite web|url= http://ukinturkey.fco.gov.uk/resources/en/news/14024149/21118777/fs-news-041109|title=David Miliband is visiting Turkey on 4 and 5 November |access-date=5 September 2017|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20091112223252/http://ukinturkey.fco.gov.uk/resources/en/news/14024149/21118777/fs-news-041109 |archive-date=12 November 2009}}</ref>
*{{flagicon|UK}} On 27 July 2010, [[David Cameron]], former Prime Minister of the United Kingdom, during a visit to Turkey promised to "fight" for Turkey's membership of the European Union, saying he is "angry" at the slow pace of negotiations. He added that "a European Union without Turkey at its heart is not stronger but weaker... not more secure but less... not richer but poorer."<ref name=Cameron>{{cite news | url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-politics-10767768 | work=BBC News | title=Cameron 'anger' at slow pace of Turkish EU negotiations | date=27 July 2010 | access-date=20 June 2018 | archive-date=4 January 2021 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210104234645/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-politics-10767768 | url-status=live }}</ref> On 22 May 2016, Cameron said that "it is not remotely on the cards that Turkey is going to join the EU any time soon. They applied in 1987. At the current rate of progress they will probably get round to joining in about the year 3000 according to the latest forecasts."<ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.business-reporter.co.uk/2016/05/23/cameron-turkey-course-join-eu-year-3000/#gsc.tab=0 | work=Business Reporter | title=Cameron: Turkey on course to join EU 'in year 3000' | date=23 May 2016 | access-date=8 May 2019 | archive-date=24 May 2016 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160524132002/http://business-reporter.co.uk/2016/05/23/cameron-turkey-course-join-eu-year-3000/#gsc.tab=0 }}</ref> 
*{{flagicon|EU}} On 23 December 2010, President of the European Council [[Herman Van Rompuy]] he said "Turkish reform efforts have delivered impressive results." He continued "Turkey plays an ever more active role in its neighbourhood. Turkey is also a full-standing member of the G-20, just like five EU countries and the EU itself. In my view, even before an outcome of the negotiations, the European Union should develop a close partnership with the Turkish Republic."<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sundayszaman.com/sunday/newsDetail_getNewsById.action?newsId=230424 |title=Van Rompuy urges EU for closer partnership with Turkey |publisher=Today's Zaman |date=23 December 2010 |access-date=18 December 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111212200109/http://www.sundayszaman.com/sunday/newsDetail_getNewsById.action?newsId=230424 |archive-date=12 December 2011 |df=dmy-all }}</ref>
*{{flagicon|FIN}} In March 2011, then-Finnish President [[Tarja Halonen]] pledged her country's full support for Turkey's European Union membership process.<ref>{{cite web |url = https://yle.fi/a/3-5334101 |title = Halonen lupaa Suomen tukevan Turkin EU-jäsenyyttä |language = fi |date = March 29, 2011 |work = yle.fi |access-date = 22 September 2023 |archive-date = 28 September 2023 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20230928210518/https://yle.fi/a/3-5334101 |url-status = live }}</ref>
*{{flagicon|GER}} On 3 July 2013, at an election rally of the Christian Democrat Party in [[Düsseldorf]], German Finance Minister [[Wolfgang Schäuble]] stated that Turkey should not join the European Union as it is not part of Europe.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.hurriyetdailynews.com/german-finance-minister-says-turkey-is-not-part-of-europe.aspx?pageID=238&nID=49994&NewsCatID=351 |title=German minister's EU remarks on Turkey 'unacceptable' |publisher=hurriyet daily news |access-date=7 June 2015 |archive-date=4 September 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170904065023/http://www.hurriyetdailynews.com/german-finance-minister-says-turkey-is-not-part-of-europe.aspx?pageID=238&nID=49994&NewsCatID=351 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-germany-turkey-eu-idUSBRE96217U20130703 | work=Reuters | title=German finance minister says Turkey is not part of Europe | date=3 July 2013 | access-date=30 June 2017 | archive-date=4 September 2017 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170904161513/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-germany-turkey-eu/german-finance-minister-says-turkey-is-not-part-of-europe-idUSBRE96217U20130703 | url-status=live }}</ref>
*{{flagicon|TUR}} On 7 June 2013, Turkey's Undersecretary of the Ministry of EU Affairs Haluk Ilıcak said "The process means more than the accession. Once the necessary levels are achieved, Turkey is big enough to continue its development without the accession. Our aim is to achieve a smooth accession process."<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.hurriyetdailynews.com/turkeys-eu-process-an-end-in-itself-says-turkish-diplomat.aspx?pageID=238&nID=48420&NewsCatID=338 |title=Turkey's EU process an end in itself, says Turkish diplomat |publisher=hurriyet daily news |access-date=7 June 2015 |archive-date=8 November 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161108061119/http://www.hurriyetdailynews.com/turkeys-eu-process-an-end-in-itself-says-turkish-diplomat.aspx?pageID=238&nID=48420&NewsCatID=338 |url-status=live }}</ref>
*{{flagicon|CZE}} In 2013, [[Czech Republic]] Prime Minister [[Petr Nečas]] said: "We continue to believe that Turkey should be given the chance to become a full-fledged member of the European Union after it meets all accession criteria". He described Turkey as an important partner to the EU and praised the constructive role it plays in the Middle East region.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.vlada.cz/en/media-centrum/aktualne/business-between-czech-companies-and-turkey-on-the-rise-103299/|title=Business between Czech companies and Turkey on the rise|access-date=7 June 2015|archive-date=24 January 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160124140130/http://www.vlada.cz/en/media-centrum/aktualne/business-between-czech-companies-and-turkey-on-the-rise-103299/|url-status=live}}</ref>
*{{flagicon|TUR}} In March 2016, Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdoğan said that democracy and freedom were "phrases" which had "absolutely no value" in Turkey, after calling for journalists, lawyers and politicians to be prosecuted as terrorists.<ref name=erdo1>{{cite web|url= https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/europe/president-erdogan-says-freedom-and-democracy-have-no-value-in-turkey-amid-arrests-and-military-a6938266.html |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20160318113440/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/europe/president-erdogan-says-freedom-and-democracy-have-no-value-in-turkey-amid-arrests-and-military-a6938266.html |archive-date=2016-03-18 |url-access=limited |url-status=live|title=President Erdogan says freedom and democracy have 'no value' in Turkey amid arrests and military crackdown|work=The Independent |date=18 March 2016}}</ref> 
*{{flagicon|EU}} In July 2016, European Union High Representative for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy [[Federica Mogherini]] announced that EU membership negotiations would be terminated if the death penalty was reinstated in Turkey.<ref>{{cite web |url = https://edition.cnn.com/2016/07/18/asia/turkey-attempted-coup/index.html |title = EU: Turkey can't join if it introduces death penalty |language = en |date = July 18, 2016 |work = cnn.com |access-date = 25 September 2023 |archive-date = 28 September 2023 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20230928210518/https://edition.cnn.com/2016/07/18/asia/turkey-attempted-coup/index.html |url-status = live }}</ref> 
*{{flagicon|AUT}} In August 2016, then-Austrian Chancellor [[Christian Kern]] called for the suspension of full membership negotiations between the EU and Turkey.<ref>{{cite web |url = https://www.euractiv.com/section/enlargement/news/austrian-chancellor-wants-eu-to-end-accession-talks-with-turkey/ |title = Austrian chancellor wants EU to end accession talks with Turkey |language = en |date = August 4, 2016 |work = euractiv.com |access-date = 29 August 2023 |archive-date = 29 August 2023 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20230829144430/https://www.euractiv.com/section/enlargement/news/austrian-chancellor-wants-eu-to-end-accession-talks-with-turkey/ |url-status = live }}</ref>
*{{flagicon|TUR}} In March 2017, in a speech given to supporters in the western Turkish city of Sakarya, Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdoğan said "my dear brothers, a battle has started between the cross and the half moon" (referring to [[Christianity]] and [[Islam]] respectively) after insulting European government politicians as "Nazis" in the weeks before.<ref name=erdo2>{{cite web|url=http://www.dw.com/en/erdogan-accuses-eu-of-crusade-against-islam/a-37979126|title=Erdogan accuses EU of 'crusade' against Islam|publisher=Deutsche Welle|date=17 March 2017|access-date=3 September 2017|archive-date=13 December 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201213125852/https://www.dw.com/en/erdogan-accuses-eu-of-crusade-against-islam/a-37979126|url-status=live}}</ref> The same month, he threatened that Europeans would "not be able to walk safely on the streets" if they kept up banning Turkish ministers from addressing rallies in Europe.<ref name=March2017>{{cite web|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-turkey-referendum-europe-idUSKBN16T13E|title=Erdogan warns Europeans 'will not walk safely' if attitude persists, as row carries on|work=Reuters|date=22 March 2017|access-date=3 September 2017|archive-date=7 April 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200407070629/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-turkey-referendum-europe-idUSKBN16T13E|url-status=live}}</ref> European politicians rejected Erdoğan's comments.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.welt.de/politik/deutschland/article163207274/Deutsche-Politiker-geben-Zurueckhaltung-gegenueber-Erdogan-auf.html |title=Deutsche Politiker geben Zurückhaltung gegenüber Erdogan auf |newspaper=Die Welt |date=28 March 2017 |access-date=3 September 2017 |archive-date=3 August 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200803091339/https://www.welt.de/politik/deutschland/article163207274/Deutsche-Politiker-geben-Zurueckhaltung-gegenueber-Erdogan-auf.html |url-status=live }}</ref>
*{{flagicon|EU}} In the context of the imminent [[2017 Turkish constitutional referendum|Turkish constitutional referendum]] in April 2017, the Vice President of the [[European Parliament]], [[Alexander Graf Lambsdorff]], summarized the state of affairs as this: "In law Turkey is still a candidate, in fact, it is not. Nobody believes in Brussels or in Ankara for that matter that Turkey will eventually join the European Union. And that is why we say it is better to make a new start and put the relationship on a new foundation."<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.euronews.com/2017/04/10/turkey-is-no-longer-an-eu-candidate-mep-says |title=Turkey is no longer an EU candidate, MEP says |date=10 April 2017 |publisher=Euronews |access-date=10 April 2017 |archive-date=10 March 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200310131012/https://www.euronews.com/2017/04/10/turkey-is-no-longer-an-eu-candidate-mep-says |url-status=live }}</ref>
*{{flagicon|GER}} In a TV debate in September 2017, then-German chancellor [[Angela Merkel]] and her then challenger [[Martin Schulz]] both said that they would seek an end to Turkey's membership talks with the European Union.<ref name=the-end />
*{{flagicon|FIN}} In September 2017, then-Finnish foreign minister [[Timo Soini]], announced that they were in favor of not stopping Turkey's membership negotiations with the European Union.<ref>{{cite web |url = https://www.ntv.com.tr/dunya/finlandiyadan-turkiyeye-ab-destegi,DGf0jksYW0y5x6qpyjAHCg |title = Finlandiya'dan Türkiye'ye AB desteği |language = tr |date = September 7, 2017 |work = ntv.com.tr |access-date = 23 August 2023 |archive-date = 23 August 2023 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20230823092120/https://www.ntv.com.tr/dunya/finlandiyadan-turkiyeye-ab-destegi,DGf0jksYW0y5x6qpyjAHCg |url-status = live }}</ref> 
*{{flagicon|AUT}} In December 2017, then-Austrian Chancellor [[Sebastian Kurz]] announced that they were in favor of stopping Turkey's accession negotiations with the European Union.<ref>{{cite web |url = https://www.dailysabah.com/eu-affairs/2017/12/26/austrian-pm-kurz-calls-to-end-eu-turkey-membership-talks |title = Austrian PM Kurz calls to end EU-Turkey membership talks |language = en |date = December 26, 2017 |work = www.dailysabah.com |access-date = 24 August 2023 |archive-date = 28 September 2024 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20240928031430/https://www.dailysabah.com/eu-affairs/2017/12/26/austrian-pm-kurz-calls-to-end-eu-turkey-membership-talks |url-status = live }}</ref> 
*{{flagicon|AUT}} On 17 July 2018, then-Austrian Chancellor Sebastian Kurz, in an interview with the Greek newspaper [[Kathimerini]], called for ending full membership negotiations between the EU and Turkey and developing relations instead of full membership negotiations. Kurz said: "I have been speaking out for years about developing an honest relationship with Turkey." Kurz continued as follows: "EU membership negotiations with Turkey should be stopped immediately. Turkey has continuously moved away from Europe and its values over the last few years. We should also focus on exploring other forms of cooperation between our neighbors the EU and Turkey."<ref>{{cite web |url = https://www.ekathimerini.com/news/230745/kurz-eu-must-stop-Turkey-accession-talks-immediately/ |title = Kurz: EU must stop Turkey accession talks 'immediately' |language = en |date = July 17, 2018 |website = ekathimerini.com |access-date = 12 June 2024 |archive-date = 12 June 2024 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20240612130121/https://www.ekathimerini.com/news/230745/kurz-eu-must-stop-Turkey-accession-talks-immediately/ |url-status = live }}</ref>
*{{flagicon|AUT}} In September 2023, Austrian Chancellor [[Karl Nehammer]], in an interview with the German newspaper [[Die Welt]], called for the termination of full membership negotiations between the EU and Turkey and the development of a new concept within the [[Turkey–European Union relations|relations between the EU and Turkey]].<ref>{{cite web |url = https://www.welt.de/politik/ausland/article247392500/Oesterreich-Kanzler-Nehammer-fuer-Ende-der-EU-Beitrittsgespraeche-mit-der-Tuerkei.html |title = Österreich für Ende der EU-Beitrittsgespräche mit der Türkei |language = de |date = September 11, 2023 |work = www.welt.de |access-date = 11 September 2023 |archive-date = 25 July 2024 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20240725001511/https://www.welt.de/politik/ausland/article247392500/Oesterreich-Kanzler-Nehammer-fuer-Ende-der-EU-Beitrittsgespraeche-mit-der-Tuerkei.html |url-status = live }}</ref>
*{{flagicon|TUR}} In September 2023, Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdoğan announced that the European Union was well into a rupture in its [[Turkey–European Union relations|relations with Turkey]] and that they could part ways, if necessary, during Turkey's European Union membership process.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.reuters.com/world/middle-east/turkeys-erdogan-says-country-could-part-ways-with-eu-if-necessary-2023-09-16/|title=Turkey could part ways with EU if necessary, Erdogan says|publisher=Reuters|date=16 September 2023|access-date=16 September 2023|archive-date=18 September 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230918150629/https://www.reuters.com/world/middle-east/turkeys-erdogan-says-country-could-part-ways-with-eu-if-necessary-2023-09-16/|url-status=live}}</ref>
*{{flagicon|TUR}} On 17 December 2024, Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdoğan, in his meeting with President of the European Commission [[Ursula von der Leyen]], stated that they wanted to open a new page in [[European Union–Turkey relations|EU-Turkey relations]], that Turkey's EU accession negotiations were a strategic goal, that the customs union should be updated again, and that visa liberalization negotiations should be resumed. He announced that they expect the EU-Turkey summit to be held as soon as possible.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.trtworld.com/turkiye/president-erdogan-calls-for-stronger-and-institutionalised-ties-with-eu-18244394|title=President Erdogan calls for stronger and institutionalised ties with EU|publisher=TRT World|language=en|date=17 December 2024}}</ref>
*{{flagicon|EU}} On 8 May 2025, the European Parliament voted to support the continued freezing of Turkey's accession to the EU due to "the recent democratic backsliding" and "that geographic and geopolitical importance of Turkey wouldn't make up for the democratic backsliding in Turkey". The report, which was passed with 367 votes, stated that Turkey's European Union registration process cannot be restarted under current conditions. Members of the European Parliament also expressed "deep concern" about the deterioration of democratic standards and the disproportionate interventions against peaceful mass protests and the rapid trials without evidence and the increasing pressure on critical voices in Turkey. Political attacks on Istanbul Metropolitan Municipality Mayor Ekrem İmamoğlu were also evaluated as “political moves to prevent a legitimate opponent from participating in the elections.”<ref>{{citeweb|url=https://www.europarl.europa.eu/news/en/press-room/20250502IPR28215/turkiye-s-eu-accession-process-must-remain-frozen|title=Türkiye’s EU accession process must remain frozen|date=2025-05-07|accessdate=2025-05-09|publisher=[[European Parliament]]}}</ref>

== See also ==
{{Portal|Turkey|European Union}}
*  [[Foreign relations of the European Union]] 
*  [[Foreign relations of Turkey]]
*  [[European Union–Turkey relations]]
** [[Netherlands–Turkey relations]]
** [[France–Turkey relations]]
** [[Germany–Turkey relations]] 
** [[Belgium–Turkey relations]] 
** [[Denmark–Turkey relations]]
** [[Greek–Turkish relations|Greece–Turkey relations]]
** [[Bulgaria–Turkey relations]]
** [[Austria–Turkey relations]] 
** [[Romania–Turkey relations]]
** [[Spain–Turkey relations]] 
** [[Italy–Turkey relations]]
** [[Turkey–United Kingdom relations]] 
** [[Finland–Turkey relations]] 
** [[Sweden–Turkey relations]]
** [[Cyprus dispute]] 
** [[Turkey in the Council of Europe]]
** [[Turkey in NATO]] 
*  [[Purges in Turkey (2016–present)]]
*  [[Human rights in Turkey]] 
*  [[Islam in Europe]]
*  [[Turks in Europe]]
*  [[Anti-Turkish sentiment]]
*  [[Enlargement of the European Union]]

== Notes ==
{{notelist}}

== References ==
{{Reflist|colwidth=30em}}

== External links ==
<!-- Please do not add news articles here; cite them instead. See the talk page for a long list to choose from. -->
{{Wikisource|Recommendation of the European Commission on Turkey's progress towards accession}}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20070817224037/http://www.abgs.gov.tr/?p=1&l=2 Republic of Turkey Secretariat General for EU Affairs]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20080208115701/http://ec.europa.eu/enlargement/questions_and_answers/myths_en.htm Myths and Facts about Enlargement], [[European Commission]].
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20081221232640/http://ec.europa.eu/enlargement/candidate-countries/turkey/key_documents_en.htm Turkey: key documents], [[European Commission]].
* [https://archive.today/20130211182308/http://en.qantara.de/webcom/show_article.php/_c-476/_nr-1433/_p-1/i.html Turkey's Chief Negotiator for the EU Egemen Bağış: "We Perceive Europe as a Union of Values"]
* [http://www.euronews.com/2016/11/23/turkey-slams-eu-for-organising-vote-on-halting-accession-talks ''Euronews:'' Turkey slams EU]
* [https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2016/09/27/boris-johnson-says-britain-will-now-help-turkey-join-eu-despite/ ''The Telegraph:'' Boris Johnson says Britain will now help Turkey]

{{European Union candidates}}
{{Foreign relations of Turkey}}
{{External relations of the European Union}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Accession Of Turkey To The European Union}}
[[Category:Turkey–European Union relations]]
[[Category:Accession to the European Union by country|Turkey]]